Board of Foreign Missions

HÄ' DAY MISSIONS

R A f i l Annual Report

- O F T H E — Board of Foreign Missions

—OF 1 T H E ; - UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

-OK—

NORTH AMERICA

1913.

Containing The 54th Annual Report of the Board, Presented to the General Assembly at Atlanta, Ga., May 14, 1913. Report of the Women’s Board to the General Assembly. The 58th Annual Report of the Mission in Egypt; The 57th Annual Report of theMission in India; The 12th Annual Report of the 5udan Mission ; General Statement of Receipts and Payments; &c., &c.

PHILADELPHIA : 1913. THE RIGHT HON. CHARLES HARDINGE. Viceroy of India.

Lord Hardinge rules in the name o f Great Britain over an empire o f 3 1 5 ,13 *¿3 1 , °f whom no less than 66,623,413 are Mohammedans and 217386,9 20 are Hindus. The re­ moval o f the nation's capital from Calcutta to Delhi is being effected under his admin­ istration. This has put the United Presbyterian mission field some goo miles nearer to >India's administrative center. CONTENTS.

The Board of Foreign Missions, . . . Post Office Addresses of Missionaries, Statistics—Egypt...... India, . . The Sudan, General Summary of the Entire Foreign W o r k ,...... Historical Sketch, . . ; ...... General In form atio n ,...... The Board’s Annual Report to the General Assembly, • Report of General Assembly’s Committee,...... Appropriations of General Assembly, ...... Report of Women’s Board,...... Report of the Mission in Egypt, - ...... Report of the Mission in India, ...... Report of the Mission in the Sudan,...... Alphabetical List of Missionaries,...... Treasurer’s Report,...... Act of Incorporation,...... Outlines for Missionary Serm ons,...... TOPICAL IN D EX, ...... ILLUSTRATIONS.

FACING PAGlf A General Conference of Missionaries in E g y p t,...... 51 Minarets of the A z h a r,...... 80 Procession of the Holy C a rp e t,...... 80 Museum of Assiut College,...... 129 Theological Seminary, Gujranwala, India. Students’ Dormitories, . . 169 Theological Seminary—Main B u ild in g ,...... 169 The Village E v a n g e lis t ,...... 200 Holy Place and Holy M e n ,...... 200 Boys’ Industrial Home, Gujranwala, I n d i a ,...... 221 Students and Faculty, Gordon Mission College, Rawal Pindi, India, . 229 War Paint and Costumes of Shilluk W arriors,...... 272 Map of E g y p t ,...... opp. p. 158 “ “ India...... “ “ 250 BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS.

Members.

fREV. S. G. FITZGERALD. 1911-1914^ MR. ROBERT L. LATIMER. [M R . FR E D . O. SH A N E.

fREV. T. B. TURNBULL, D.D. 1912-1915 \ MR. JOHN R. McLEAN. (MR. ROBERT KILLOUGH.

fREV. M. G. KYLE, D.D., LL.D. 1913-1916J “ CHAS. S. CLELAND, D.D. ( “ W. M. ANDERSON, D.D.

Officers.

P r e s i d e n t .

Rev. M. G. KYLE, D.D., LL. D., 1132 Arrott St., Frankford, Philadelphia, Pa.

R e c o r d i n g S e c r e t a r y .

Rev. C. S. CLELAND, D.D., 802 North 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

C orresponding S e c r e t a r y .

Rev. CHARLES R. WATSON, 200 North Fifteenth St., Philadelphia, Pa.

A s s o c i a t e S e c r e t a r y .

GEORGE INNES, Esq., 200 North Fifteenth St., Philadelphia, Pa.

A s s o c i a t e S e c r e t a r y .

Rev. PAUL H. McCLANAHAN, 200 North Fifteenth St., Philadelphia, Pa.

T r e a s u r e r .

ROBERT L. LATIMER, Esq., 24 North Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Stated meeting at 1.30 o’clock p. m ., Second Tuesday in each in the Second United Presbyterian Church, Race Street, near 16th PWledelphia, Pa. OFFICERS OF THE BOARD SINCE ORGANIZATION.

P residents. 1859-71 Rev. Jos. T. Cooper, D. D. 1871-93 “ W. W. Barr, D. D. 1893- “ M. G. Kyle, D. D.

Corresponding S ecretaries. 1859-93 Rev. J. B. Dales, D. D. 1893-02 “ W. W. Barr, D. D. 1002- “ Charles R. Watson.

R ecording S ecretaries.

1859-66 Rev. F. Church. 1866-68 “ Thos. H. Hanna, D. D. 1868-71 “ F. Church. 1871*74 S. C. Huey. 1874-76 Rev. J. C. Wilson. 1876-78 Joseph D. McKee. 1878-80 Rev. J. B. Whitten. 1880-82 “ R. Stewart, D. D. 1882-96 “ D. W . Collins, D. D. 1896- “ C. S. Cleland, D. D.

T reasurers.

1859-74 Thos. B. Rich. 1874-79 William Getty. 1879-93 Joseph D. McKee. 1893- Robert L. Latimer.

MEMBERS SINCE ORGANIZATION. 1859-61 Rev., J. T. Pressly, D. D. 1876-03 Rev. James Crowe, D. D. 1S59-74 J. T. Cooper, D. D. 1S78-93 Mr. Robt. T. Elliott. i859-75t J. B. Dales, D. D. 1880-82 Rev. R. Stewart, D. D. 1859-63 G. C. Arnold. 1882-99 " D. W . Collins, D. D. 1859-80 F. Church. 1883-89 “ I. T. Wright. 1859-60 H. H. Blair. 1889- “ M. G. Kyle, D. D. 1859-66 Mr. T. D. Anderson. 1890-93 “ W . 'M. Gibson, D. D. 1859-76 “ S. C. Huey. 1890-04 Mr. Wm. Neely. a 1859-64 T . B. Rich. 1893* “ Robert Ji- Ferguson. 1860-61 Rev. T. H. Beveridge. 1893- Rev. S. G. Fitzgerald. 1861-94! W . W. Barr, D. D. 1893- Mr. Robert L. Latimer. 1861-66 “ James Prestlv, D. D. 1894-03 “ Samuel Walker. 1863-68 M r J. M. Wallace. 1894- Rev. Chas. S. Cleland, D.D. 1864-95 Thos. Stinson. 1895* Mr. Jas. A. Elliott. 1864-80 Wm. H. Getty. 1896-03 “ Wm. A. Brown. 1866-68 Rev. T . H. Hanna, D. D. 1899- Rev. W. M. Anderson, D.D. 1868-76 iC W . C. Jackson. 1903- “ T. B. Turnbull, D. D. 1868-90 Mr. John Alexander. 1903- Mr. John R.'McLean. 1869-75 Rev. J. M. Hutchinson. “ James S. McCracken. a 1903-07 1874-76 J. C. Wilson, D. D. “ Robt. H. Ferguson. a 1904* 1875-90 S. G. Fitzgerald. 1005- “ F. 0 . Shane. 1876-93 Mr. Jos. D. McKee. 1907- “ Robert Killough. 1876-83 Rev. J. B. Whitten. * Elected but did not serve. t Became Corresponding Secretary of the Board. 6 Annual Report—Post Office Addresses,

POST-OFFICE ADDRESSES OF MISSIONARIES FOR 1913-14.* EGYPT. Rev. C. C. Adams,...... Beni Suef, Egypt. “ J. R. Alexander, D.D., . . . . Cairo, Egypt. “ J. W. Baird, ...... Monsurah, Egypt. Prof. Chas. S. Bell...... Alexandria, Egypt. Rev. J. Howard B o yd ,...... Tanta, Egypt. “ R. W. Caldwell,...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Wm. R. Coventry,...... Tanta, Egypt. Dr. H. L. F i n l e y , ...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev! Thos. J. Finney, D.D., .... Alexandria, Egypt. “ John Giffen, D.D., ...... Cairo, Egypt. “ W. P. G ilm or,...... Alexandria, Egypt. ress.) d d a foreign each to added be should Mission (American Dr. A. F. Grant...... Tanta, Egypt. Rev. Sam’l. G. H a r t,...... Zakazik, Egypt. Rev. F. D. Henderson,...... New Athens, O. Dr. V. M. H e n r y , ...... Assiut, Egypt. Prof. W. W. H ickm an,...... Assiut, Egypt. Mr. F. S. Hoyman, ...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. James G. Hunt, D.D .,...... Cairo, Egypt, (44 Faggala St.) “ J. Kruidenier, D.D., ...... Holland, Mich. “ Neal McClanahan...... Faiyum, Egypt. Prof. Robt. S- McClenahan,...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. Wm. L. McClenahan,...... Zifta, Egypt. “ Ralph G. M cG ill,...... Cairo, Egypt. Dr. W. T. M oore,...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. H. E. Philips, Ph.D .,...... Luxor, Egypt. Dr. A. W. Pollock, ...... Zifta, Egypt. Rev. W. H. R eed,...... Assiut, Egypt. “ Mark S. R o y, ...... Alexandria, Egypt. Prof. Chas. P. R u ssell,...... Kenesaw, Nebr. Rev. A. A. Thom pson,...... New Concord, O. “ F. S. Thompson...... '. Assiut, Egypt. “ R. W. Walker...... Benha, Egypt. “ Andrew Watson, D. D., LL .D ., . Cairo, Egypt. Mr. C. A. W ilson,...... Tarkio, Mo. Rev. S. A. W o rk , ...... Monsurah, Egypt. “ S. M. Zwemer, D. D .,f . • • . Cairo, Egypt, (20 Sh. Sakkakini Pasha) Miss Alda B. Atchison,...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Ella M. Barnes,...... Cairo, Egypt, (13 Sh. Sahib Shubra). “ Margaret A. Bell...... Monsurah, Egypt. . “ Carrie M. B u ch a n an ,...... Cairo, Egypt, (American Mission College for Girls, Sh. Abbas). “ Ida L. Cabeen,...... Alexandria, Egypt. “ A. I,. C orkey,...... Assiut, Egypt. “ Anna B. Crisw ell,...... Assiut, Egypt. “ Mabel B. D ick ey,...... Monsurah, Egypt. “ Helen J. Ferrier,...... Luxor, Egypt. “ Minnehaha Finney,...... Beloit, Kans. “ Elsie M. F r e n c h ,...... Zakazik, Egypt. “ Alfaretta Hammond,...... Beni Suef, Egypt. “ Rena L. Hdgg, ...... Assiut, Egypt. “ Isabel H o s a c k ,...... Tanta, Egypt. “ Mary Kerr,...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Eula McClenahan,...... Alexandria, Egypt. “ Anna M. McConaughy, .... Cairo, Egypt. »Unexpected changes may impair the accuracy of these addresses, but even In such cases mail will probably be forwarded safely. f Missionary associated through the courtesy of the Reformed Church in America. NOTE—Foreign postage is five cents per ounce. For further information see page 14. Annual Report—Post Office Addresses. 7

EG YPT—(Continued). Miss Lois A. McCracken,...... Assiut, Egypt. “ Carol E- M cM illa n ,...... Sunbeam, 111. “ E. Roxy Martin,...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Olive T. M ason,...... Alexandria, Egypt. “ Marian A. Paden,...... Beni Suef, Egypt. “ Mary M. Pattison, ...... Cairo, Egypt. “ B. I. Shannon, M .D...... Tanta, Egypt. “ Nellie C. Smith...... Tanta, Egypt. “ Margaret A. Smith,...... Cairo, Egypt.

“ E- Dorcas Teas,...... 3100 Howell St., Phila., Pa. address.) eachforeign added to be should Mission{American “ Anna Y. Thompson,...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Anna B. Watson, M.D., .... New Athens, O. “ Laura B. Walker...... Alexandria, Egypt. “ Roe O. W illia m s,...... Assiut, Egypt. “ Ruth A. W ork,...... Assiut, Egypt.

THE EGYPTIAN SUDAN. Rev. J. Kelly Giffen, D .D...... Tarkio, Missouri. Mr. C. B. G uthrie,...... Linesville, Pa. Dr. Thos. A. Lambie...... Khartum, Egyptian Sudan. (Mark “ Forward ") Rev. Elbert M cCreery,...... Box 62, Estes Park, Colo. Dr. Hugh R. Magill, ...... Khartum, Egyptian Sudan. Rev. D. S. O y l e r , ...... Doleib Hill, Sobat River, Egyptian Sudan. Rev. Paul J. S m it h ,...... Khartum, Egyptian Sudan. Rev.‘Geo. A. S o w a s h ,...... Omdurman, Egyptian Sudan. Mr. R. W. Tidrick...... Doleib Hill, Sobat River, Egyptian Sudan. Miss Fannie G. Bradford,...... Khartum North, Egyptian Sudan. “ Elsie E. Grove, ...... Khartum North, Egyptian Sudan. “ Aulora McIntyre...... Khartum North, Egyptian Sudan.

INDIA. Rev- Wm. B. A n d e r s o n ,...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ W. T. Anderson, ...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ Ralph E. Ayers, ...... Sargodha, Punjab, India. “ J. W. Ballantyne, D.D.,.... Xenia, O. “ Jas. S. Barr, D .D .,...... New Wilmington, Pa. Dr. M. M. B row n ,...... New Concord, O. Rev. A. B. Caldwell, ...... Sangla Hill, Punjab, India. “ E. E. Campbell, ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ J. G. Cam pbell,...... Pasrur, Punjab, India. “ Hubert C. Chambers,...... Khangah Dogran, Punjab, India. “ E. V. Clements,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ F. N. Crawford,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Osborne C row e,...... 200 N. 15th St., Phila., Pa. “ David R. Gordon, D. D., . . . . Gurdaspur, Punjab, India. “ Thos. E. Holliday, D.D., .... Sialkot Cantt., Punjab, India. “ A.M. Laing,...... Gurdaspur, Punjab,Jndia. “ J. H. Martin, D .D ., ...... Lyallpur, Punjab, India. “ Robt. Maxwell...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ W. D. Mercer, ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ J. A. McArthur, ...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ Jno. A. McConnelee, D. D., . . Sialkot, Punjab, India.

•Unexpected changes may impair the accuracy of these addresses, but even in such cases mail will probably be forwarded safely. NOTE ¡—Foreign postage is five cents per ounce. For further information see page 14. 8 Annual Report—Post Office Addresses.

INDIA— (Continued). Rev. W. M. M cK elvey,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ H. S. Nesbitt...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. Prof. Wm. E- N ic o ll,...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. Rev. S. C. P ic k e n ,...... Zafarwal, Punjab, India. “ E. L- Porter,...... •. . Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ T. L Scott, D .D .,...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ Harris J. Stew a rt,...... Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ J. H. Stewart, ...... Pathankot, Punjab, India. “ Robert Stewart, D.D. LL.D., . Gujranwala, Punjab, India. Miss Emma D. Anderson,...... Sargodha, Punjab, India.

Miss1 Minnie E. Beatty,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. ress.) d d a foreign each, to added be should, Mission (American “ Roma Beatty,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Hazel B e n n e tt,...... New Wilmington, Pa. “ Lena S. Brotherston ...... 91 French St.,; Buffalo, N. Y . “ Lois Buchanan,...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ Mary J. Campbell, ...... Pathankot, Punjab, India. “ Laura Cleland, ...... Sargodha, Punjab, India. “ Henrietta W. Cowden, . . . Khangah Dogran, Punjab, India. “ Laurella G. Dickson,...... Gurdaspur, Punjab, India. “ Elizabeth G. Gordon...... Pattersonville, N. Y . “ Ella M. Gordon,...... Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ Nancy A. Hadley, ...... 58 Trowbridge St., Cambridge, Mass. “ Anna M. Ham ilton,...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ Laura B. Hamilton...... Pasrur, Punjab, India. “ Winifred E. T. Heston, M.D., . Sargodha, Punjab, India. “ Kate A. Hill...... Sangla Hill, Punjab, India. “ Jeannette H o p k in s,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Flora J. Jameson...... Sangla Hill, Punjab, India. “ . Mary Kyle...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Olive R. Laing...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Elizabeth Lawrence...... Zafarwal, Punjab, India. “ Mary A. Lawrence,...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ Mary E. Logan, ...... Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ Fannie C. M artin,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Mary R. M artin,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Jennie E . Martin...... Khangah Dogran, Punjab, India. “ E. Josephine M artin,...... Pasrur, Punjab, India. “ Elizabeth M c C a h o n ,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. Mrs. Alice M c C lu re ,...... New Wilmington, Pa Miss Lillian A. M cConnell,...... Lyallpur, Punjab, India, “ Rosa A. McCullough,...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ Eleanor W. Maconachie, . . . Pathankot, Punjab, India. “ Emma M. M in g e r ,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Henrietta M o o re ,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Jennie B. Morrison,...... Oskaloosa, la. “ J. Phandora Simpson, M.D., . . Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ Nannie J. S p e n c e r ,...... Sialkot,, Punjab, India. “ Josephine L. W h ite,...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ Maria White, M .D .,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Dora B. W h itely,...... Zafarwal, Punjab, India. “ Cynthia E. Wilson,...... Madhopur, Punjab, India. “ Margaret M. Wilson,...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ Rosa T. W ilson,...... Madhopur, Punjab, India.

♦Unexpected changes may impair the accuracy of these addresses, but even in such cases mail will probably be forwarded safely. NOTE :—Foreign postage is five cents per ounce. For further information see page 14. Annual Report—Egypt Statistics. 9

EGYPT, STATISTICS, JANUARY i, 1913. Population of our field in Egypt ...... 9,000,000 Ordained Missionaries* ...... 25 Professors in College* ...... 3 Laymen* ...... 3 Medical Missionaries, Men* ...... 5 Medical Missionary, Woman* ...... 1 Nurses* ...... 3 Women Missionaries, Unmarried* ...... : ...... 28 Women Missionaries, Wives* ...... 33

Foreign Missionaries under regular appointment* ...... 101 Assistant Physicians (Men 2, Women, 2) ...... 4 Assistant Physician, wife ...... 1 Assistant Teachers and Evangelist ...... 31 Matrons ...... 4 Assistant Nurses ...... 10 50

Total Foreign Workers* ...... 151 Native Ordained Ministers! ...... 62 Licentiates! ...... 16 Other Native Workers ...... 624

Total Native Workers ...... 702

Total Workers, Native and Foreign* ...... 853 Mission Districts ...... 10 Organized Congregations ...... 81 Other places where services are held regularly...... 196 Congregations self-supporting ...... 25 Total Membership ...... 12.044 Received by Profession in 1912 ...... 790 Total Christian Evangelical Community ...... 33,000 Sabbath-schools ...... 193 Teachers in these ...... 598 Scholars in these ...... 15,668 Theological Seminary ...... x Colleges ...... 2 Boarding and High Schools ...... 25 Village Schools ...... 165

Total Number of Schools ...... 193 Students in Theological Seminary ...... 12 Students in Colleges ...... ’ ...... 1,305 Students in Boarding and High Schools...... 5,0l6 Students in Village Schools ...... 10,618

Total Number of Students in all Schools ...... 16,951 Hospitals ...... 2 Clinics ...... 3 Native Contributions for Church W o r k ...... $57,586 1 aid by Natives for all purposes ...... $219,518 * These figures include all missionaries under appointment, whether at home on furlough or at work on field. t The Sudan Mission having effected an independent organization, its statistics are given separately on page 11. N. B.—More detailed statistics may be found on pages 152 to 158. IO Annual Report—India Statistics.

INDIA. STATISTICS, JANUARY x, 1913. Population of our field in In d ia ...... £,433,095 Ordained Missionaries* ...... 27 Layman* ...... 1 Medical Missionary, Man* ...... 1 .. Medical Missionaries, Women* ...... 3 Women Missionaries, Unmarried* ...... 42 Women Missionaries, W ives* ...... 25

Foreign Missionaries under regular appointment* ...... gg Assistant Teachers ...... 2 Assistant Nurse ...... 1

Total Foreign Workers* ...... 102 Native Ordained Ministers ...... 36 Licentiates ...... 1 1 Other Native Workers ...... 393

Total Native Christian Workers ...... 440 Other Workers ...... 209

Total Workers, Native and Foreign ...... 751 Mission Districts ...... 12 Organized Congregations ...... - 53 Other places where services are held ...... 499 Congregations, self-supporting ...... 30 Total Membership ...... 29,525 Received by Profession in 1912 ...... 2,947 Net Increase in 1912 ...... : ____ 2,178 Total Christian Evangelical Community ...... 54,240 Sabbath-schools ...... 170 Teachers in these ...... 244 : Scholars in these ...... 6,453 Theological Seminary ...... 1 College ...... 1 High Schools ...... 4 Middle Schools ...... 8 Primary Schools ...... 191 Industrial Schools ...... 2

Total Number of Schools ...... 207 Students in Theological Seminary ...... 22 Students in College ...... 156 Number of Pupils in High Schools ...... 3,694 Pupils in Middle Schools ...... 2,0 ro Pupils in Primary Schools ...... 5,265 Pupils in Industrial Schools ...... 200

Total Number of Pupils in all Schools (Christian, 3,019) n ,347 Hospitals ...... 4 Dispensaries ...... 7 Native Contributions for Church Work ...... $4.873 Paid by Natives for all purposes ...... $31,275

* These figures include all missionaries under appointment, whether at home on furlough or at work on field. N. B.—More detailed statistics may be found on pages 238 to 247- Annual Report—Sudan Statistics. n

THE EGYPTIAN SUDAN. STATISTICS, JANUARY i, 1913. Ordained Missionaries* ...... 5 Laymen* ...... 2 Medical Missionaries (Men)* ...... 2 Women Missionaries, Unmarried* ...... 3 Women Missionaries, W ives* ...... 8

Foreign Missionaries under regular appointment* 20 Native Ordained Ministers ...... 2 Evangelistic Colporteur ...... 1 Teachers ...... 12

Total Native Workers ...... 15

Total Foreign and Native Workers ...... 35 Main Stations ...... 4 Organized Congregation ...... 1 Preaching Stations ...... 9 Received by Profession ...... 15 Total Membership ...... 155 Boarding Schools ...... 2 Primary Schools ...... 4 Industrial School ...... 1

Total Number of Schools ...... 7 Pupils in Boarding Schools ...... 162 Pupils in Primary Schools ...... 242 Pupils in Industrial School ...... 14

Total Number of Pupils ...... 418 Dispensaries or Clinics ...... 3 Native Contributions for Church Work...... $1,365 Native Contributions for all purposes ...... $2,768

These figures include all missionaries under appointment, whether at home on furlough or at work on field. N. B.—More detailed statistics may be found on page 278. 12 Annual Report—General Summary.

GENERAL SUMMARY OF ENTIRE WORK. STATISTICS, JANUARY i, 1913. Total population of our Foreign Fields (excluding the Sudan) ...... 14,433,095 Ordained Missionaries ...... 57 Professors in College ...... 3 Laymen ...... 6 Medical Missionaries, Men 8, Women, 4 ...... 12 Nurses ...... 3 Women Missionaries, Unmarried ...... 73 Women Missionaries, Wives — ...... 66

Total Foreign Missionaries under regular appointment.. 220 Assistant Physicians ...... 4 Assistant Teachers ...... 32 Assistant Nurses ...... u Others ...... '...... 6 53 Total Foreign Workers ...... m Native Ordained Ministers ...... 100 Licentiates ...... 27 Other Native Workers ...... 1,239

Total Native Workers ...... 1,366

Total Workers, Native and Foreign ...... 1,639 Mission Districts ...... 24 Synods ...... 2 Presbyteries ...... 9 Organized Congregations ...... 135 Other places where services are held ...... 704 Congregations self-supporting ...... 56 Total Membership ...... 41,724 Received by Profession in 1912 ...... 3,752 Net Gain in Membership in 1912 ...... 2,740 Total Christian Evangelical Community ...... 87,395 Sabbath-schools ...... 370 Teachers in these ...... 858 Scholars in these ...... 22,375 Theological Seminaries ...... 2 Colleges ...... 3 Boarding and High Schools ...... 39 Village and Day Schools ...... 360 Industrial Schools ...... 3

Total Number of Schools ...... 407 Students in Theological Seminaries ...... 34 Students in Colleges ...... 1,461 Students in Boarding and High Schools ...... 10,882 Students in Village and Day Schools ...... 16,125 Students in Industrial Schools ...... 214 Total Number of Students ...... 28,716 Hospitals ...... 6 Dispensaries and Clinics ...... 13 Native Contributions for Church Work ...... $63,824 Paid by Natives for all purposes ...... $253,561 Annual Report—Historical Sketch. 13

HISTORICAL SKETCH.

The United Presbyterian Church of North America came into existence in 1858, through the union of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian and the Associate Presbyterian Churches. The first General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church met in Xenia, Ohio, in May, 1859. At that meeting a Board of Foreign Missions was chosen, consisting of nine members, and to this Board was committed the care of the several missions which had beer inaugurated by the two branches of the Church prior to the union.. Circum­ stances, which seemed wholly providential, led to the abandonment of three of the missions and the concentration of the Church’s strength upon the other two fields; the Trinidad Mission was given over in 1867 to the Presbyterian Church of the Lower Provinces (now the Presbyterian Church of Canada) ; the Chiba Mission was transferred to the Rhenish Missionary Society in 1878; the Syrian Mission was transferred in 1878 to the care of the Presby­ terian Church of Ireland. The Mission in Egypt, established in 1854, recognizes at least 9,000,000 of the 11,000,000 of the population as constituting its legitimate mission field, and its operations extend from the Mediterranean to the first Cataract. The Mission in India, established in 1855, includes within its field, wholly or in large part, some seven government districts of the Punjab, with a popu­ lation of more than 5,000,00 0; adjoining, though as yet unoccupied, terri­ tory in Kashmir may also be recognized as its legitimate field. In 1900, the Mission in Egypt extended its operations beyond the frontiers of Egypt proper into what is called the Egyptian Sudan. This mission has now a separate and definite organization of its own, and is the third and youngest mission of the United Presbyterian Church of North America.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY, 1843— 1909. (Revised every five years.) The whole number of missionaries who have accepted appointment as missionaries since the first sailed, July 14, 1843, until January 1, 1909, is 307; this includes the missionaries of both branches of the Church prior to the Union. One hundred and thirty-six missionaries have received appointment to our Mission in Egypt; of these 38 were ordained men, 1 layman, 2 college professors, 10 physicians, (7 men, 3 women) ; 2 nurses, and 43 other unmar­ ried women; the remainder being wives of missionaries. Since the estab­ lishment of the Mission, 63 have retired or died. One hundred and twenty-four missionaries have received appointment to our Mission in India. Of these 33 were ordained men, 2 college professors, 1 layman, 6 physicians, (1 man, 5 women) ; 45 other unmarried women; the remainder being wives of missionaries. Since the establishment of the Mis­ sion, 38 have retired or died. Fourteen missionaries have received appointment to our Mission in the Sudan. Of these, 4 were ordained men, 1 layman, 3 physicians, 2 un­ married women, and 4 wives of missionaries. 14 Annual Report—General Information.

GENERAL INFORMATION. Letters relating to the Board of Foreign Missions should be addressed to the Rev. C. R. Watson, Mr. George Innes or the Rev. Paul H. McClanahan, 200 N. Fifteenth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Letters relating to Finances should be addressed to Robert L . Latimer Esq., 24 N. Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

C orrespondence w it h M issionaries . Letters to foreign missionaries should be addressed according to directions on page 6-8.

P o s t a g e t o E g y p t , In d ia & T h e S u d a n . Letters, 5 cents for first ounce, and 3 cents more for each additional ounce. Postal cards, 2 cents. Newspapers, Periodicals, Books and other printed matter up to 4 pounds, 1 cent for each two ounces. Registration fee on letters or books, 10 cents additional to other postage.

M o n e y V a l u e s .

India. Rupees, variable, at present 33 cents, three Rupees nearly one dollar. The Anna 1-16 of a Rupee, or about 2 cents, the Pice % of an Anna or % a cent. Egypt. 10 Milliemes (=form erly 40 paras) = 1 piaster tarif (P. T.) — about 5 cents. 1 Egyptian rial = 20 piasters =■ one dollar. 1 Egyptian pound ( £ E ) = 100 piasters = about five dollars.

F o r m s o f B e q u e s t . “ I do give and bequeath the sum of dollars to the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America.” Or, if the bequest be of real estate, as follows : “ I do give, devise, and bequeath all that” (describe the property') “unto the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, to have and to hold, to them and their successors forever.”

A n n u i t i e s . Those who wish their money to go finally to the missionary cause and who cannot afford as yet to be deprived of the income, are asked to con­ sider the Annuity Plan of the Board of Foreign Missions. Wills are often broken and bequests to missionary societies are lost. By giving your money to the Board while you live, you become your own executor and avoid the risk of a subsequent diversion of the funds. The Annuity Plan allows you a reasonable income during life. Correspondence concerning the above should be addressed to Robert L. Latimer, Esq., 24 N. Front Street, Philadelphia. THE ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE Board of Foreign Missions

OF THE United Presbyterian Church

TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY

1913.

j HE Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presby- T I terian Church presents to the General Assembly its Fifty-Fourth Annual Report. The year with which this Report deals has been marked by events of pro­ found significance to the progress of Christ’s kingdom through­ out the world. Although our Church’s foreign missionary in­ terest is specially focussed upon the three fields of Egypt, In­ dia and the Sudan, where our own Missions are operating, nevertheless the whole world has now become to so great, an extent “ one great neighborhood/’ and we are recognizing so clearly and rapidly the solidarity of all Christian missionary forces in the world, that events which affect any part of the non-Christian world become vitally interesting to all, and suc­ cess achieved in any one field affords inspiration to workers in all fields. For this reason, and perchance because of the memory that China was at one time a mission field of our Church, we share with that great army of workers in this largest mission field in the world, the inspiration which is theirs as they behold “ the wonderful works of God” ushering 440,000,000 people into a new world relationship and stirring their na­ tional consciousness so deeply, that they have lifted their hands to God in prayer, requesting of their Christian communities a day of intercession in behalf of the new government -which i6 Annual Report— Fifty-fourth.

is being constituted. It is doubtful whether Christendom has ever received so signal a challenge of its faith in God as this for it is less than thirteen years since the Imperial Government of China was denouncing her Christian subjects as “ foreign devils” and hunting them out for cold-blooded slaughter. No less marvelous have been the developments in the Nearer East. The dramatic and comparatively bloodless overthrow of the old Turkish regime some five years ago seemed almost miraculous after the long years of waiting and of suffering un­ der the tyrannical rule of Abd-ul-Hamid. Then came the war between Turkey and Italy, which seemed to prophesy a wide­ spread Pan-Islamic conflagration in the Levant, and a general massacre of Christian communities imprisoned in the Turkish and Moslem lands, but which was actually brought to a close with comparatively little disorder and bloodshed. Rarely has the hand of God been so manifest in restraining the passions of men. But the war between Italy and Turkey had scarcely been concluded when the roar of cannon was heard in the Balkans, and with such startling rapidity did determining events succeed each other, that in a few weeks the map of South Eastern Europe was changed, Turkey lay at the feet of the Balkan Con­ federacy abjectly defeated, and that for which decades, if not centuries, had waited seemed accomplished in one brief hour. Surely ours is a God with whom “ one day is as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day.” As a counterpart to these miracles of power in the political world, we find miracles of grace in the spiritual world. The Church of Christ is coming to a fuller and richer apprehension of the seriousness and magnitude of its world task. In spite of woful and inexcusable ignorance in many circles, it is safe to say that never in the history of the Church has there been as pervasive a knowledge of the missionary enterprise among Christian people as at the present time. It is undeniable that this acquaintance with Missions is often superficial and even distorted, but the day was when the activities of the missionary enterprise were unheard of, save by a few, so that the measure of publicity which Christian Missions enjoy to-day must be ac­ counted a sign of great progress. With new devotion and zeal, the Church is also applying itself to the task of solving its missionary problems, and not only with devotion and zeal, but also with skill and sanctified states­ manship. During the past year, Dr. John R. Mott visited China and India, holding conferences of missionary leaders in the several great missionary areas of these two fields. These Con­ ferences were held under the auspices of the Continuation Com­ mittee of the Edinburgh Conference, and aiforded an oppor­ tunity for comprehensive surveys of the needs of these fields, for most fruitful comparisons of methods of work and for an Annual Report—The Past Year in Egypt. 17 exchange of views as to future policies and plans. In these conferences, our India Mission was represented by two of its missionaries, and it is clear that opportunity was afforded both for enriching others by acquainting them with our Mission’s distinctive methods, and for enriching our own missionary vision by fellowship with others engaged in a like service. But most encouraging of all are the signs of a deepening of the spiritual life which manifest themselves in the home Church and in the foreign field. Conferences for prayer are increasing in number. The recognition of our dependence upon God for all real progress and the practical use of praye'r as a method of work and as an agency for solving difficulties, are among the most hopeful signs of our times. Entirely apart from the spiritual successes which can be recorded by figures and statistics and which belong to the past year, there are appearing certain spiritual movements and developments which have great signifi­ cance for the advancement of the Kingdom of Christ in the decade which is before us. In the administration of the work especially committed to the care of our Board, the past year has placed on record suc­ cesses and deliverances which testify to the faithfulness of our God and to the unsearchable resources of His grace. At the close of the year, an overwhelming financial shortage seemed imminent. A wide circle united in prayer that God would grant deliverance, the intercessors themselves laboring also to this end according to their ability. The final outcome proved that our God is a Hearer of prayer, for the fountain of -Chris­ tian liberality seemed to be opened and the Board’s budget fo5 current work was entirely covered, while a small surplus made possible a slight reduction of the deficit accumulated during the past years. The record of the past year’s work in its several departments and the plans for the new year may now be dealt with in detail.

I.—THE PAST YEAR.

It may be accounted a manifestation of divine wisdom, that, in the providence of 1. IN E G Y P T . God, Lord Kitchener was appointed to Egypt just before the outbreak of war between Italy and Turkey. For it will be remembered that Tripoli, the seat of the war, lay next to Egypt and it required the strong hand and the firm administra­ tion of the hero of the Sudan to check the unrest that had al­ ready gained considerable headway in Egypt under Lord Kitchener’s predecessor, Sir Eldon Gorst. 18 Annual Report—The Past Year in Egypt.

The Balkan war began just as the Italian-Turkish war came to an end and was a further cause for fanatical feeling in Egypt as in all Moslem Lands. To this the Report of the Mission in Egypt bears testimony:

“ The war has produced, especially in the Delta, a great bitterness against Christians; and when the missionaries attempted to teach and preach and heal the sick among them, reports were often started that these people were in league with the Balkan Christians who were warring with Islam; consequently, intense hatred toward the workers was exhibited and open violence was prevented only by fear of British justice.” “ Quite a number of outbreaks were reported, which caused more or less suffering among Christians. One of our pastors was among the suf­ ferers, having been set upon by a number of Moslems and beaten over the head with a club. After three weeks in the hospital, he was able to return to his work. Nor did the missionaries escape entirely. Several of them on one occasion were followed by a jeering, howling mob and pelted with stones, brickbats, etc.; but as in the days of the apostles, not all of those who heard resisted the truth, and some of the friendly ones who felt very much ashamed of their fellowtownsmen for their discourteous treatment of the missionaries, followed us and did their best to protect us with clubs and counter-missiles, and before they left us, asked for and received some copies of the Gospel.”

The most distinctive development in missionary work during the past year has been the continued but more rapid focussing of the thought and attention of the Mission upon the Moslem prob­ lem. This movement has been under way for some years, but its development during the past year has been most signi­ ficant. The native Church leaders are awakening to this duty of reaching out after Moslems. At the Annual Conference of Chris­ tian Workers in 19 11, forty volunteered to make special efforts to win Moslems. This past year this Gideon’s band met again to strengthen each other by prayer and conference. One of the native pastors took a bold step; he resigned his pastorate to be­ come distinctively a worker among Moslems. Many of the churches in Egypt observed the one hundredth anniversary of the death of Henry Martyn, that devoted apostle to Moslems. These all are only outward manifestations of a deep current of thought and interest that has been started, through much prayer and agitation in the direction of trying to reach the Moslem world. The coming of Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer to Egypt has given a new impetus to the whole movement. The counterpart of this interest in Missions to Moslems is to be found in the remarkable response to the Gospel that can be observed now among Mohammedans. ,The Mission’s Report affords many striking illustrations of this, as in the following paragraph:

“ During a season of meetings in Alexandria, twelve Moslems came to the inquiry room after the service of the last evening. Twenty-two Mos­ lems came to the Mission House, inquiring for the truth, eight of them in one day. Several of them are very interesting cases. Three are ask­ Annual Report—The Past Year in Egypt. 19

ing for baptism which is being delayed, that by further instruction, they may more clearly understand the step they are taking. One of them is an inquirer who for two years had been in great despair of ever realizing acceptance with God. He realized that he got nothing out of his Moslem prayers, the Koran gave him no satisfying hope and no comfort. He long­ ed for months for the great ‘InjiP or Gospel mentioned in his Koran. He prayed in a very simple way that he might be given religious light that would satisfy his soul. He finally consulted a French-Catholic mer­ chant about the matter and asked him where he could find the real Gospel. This man directed him to the American Mission, and there he found that which his soul desired. He gave expression to the greatest joy over hav­ ing found Christ as his Savior.”

The situation in the Coptic Church is also full of encourage­ ment as the following quotation shows:

“ In numbers of places, cordial invitations were given the missionaries to preach in the Coptic Church. On one occasion written notices were dis­ tributed among the people announcing our meeting in their church, and urging them to come to hear the Word of God. Audiences of from two hundred to five hundred assembled to hear the truth, and that at other than their regular hours of worship. The priests also came with the people and humbly sat among the audience to be fed. In other cases, priests came bringing their people to our churches and a spirit of unity, more than we have ever before observed, was manifested. “There is commendable zeal among the Coptic Churches in securing young men who are able to preach and teach the Gospel. Their services are much more largely attended than formerly, for their people are dis­ covering that they can now hear the Gospel in their own churches. It is common to find an audience of from 150 to 300 people where they have secured a preacher. Not only so, but we are rejoiced to see the advanced work for Coptic women. Following our order, there are in some places, weekly meetings for the women where the Gospel is read and explained in such a manner that the women can understand it. In one place, we found an audience of five hundred women, and that was a regular weekly occurrence.”

The steady material development of Egypt and the incoming of Western life and manners are making missionary work in the Valley of the Nile increasingly difficult. More costly equipment is now required for all forms of missionary work, but especially for schools. Competition is driving many a mission school to the wall. In one district of the Delta, where there were once fifteen schools, there are to-day but three. Yet the competing schools are not of such a character as to make it possible for any earnest Christian to view with equanimity their entrance into a community, or the dependence of the Christian community in particular upon them for the training of the rising genera­ tion. This educational situation is so serious, that it occupied a most prominent place in all the investigations which the Mis­ sion «undertook in connection with the visit of the Correspond­ ing Secretary of the Board to Egypt. There is indeed a call for the display of the very highest spiritual strategy and missionary statesmanship if the missionary forces, limited and hampered 20 Annual Report—The Past Year in Egypt.

as they are, are to hold the leadership which has been theirs in the past in educational matters. To the foregoing description of the year’s work, there must be added some reference to the varied and inspiring manifesta­ tions of the power of the Gospel in the lives of those who have already confessed Christ openly, as well as in the lives of others. There has been revival in the lives of pastors resulting in greater spiritual power in the congregational activities:

“ The pastor at S when asked about the state of his congregation, replied that there had been increased interest and attendance during the past two months. He then proceeded to tell of what the Conference had done for him, that it had made him so ashamed of his prayer life in the past that he had been trying to spend the early morning hours, before people were astir, in secret counsel and fellowship with Christ. This pastor’s prayer life, deepened and strengthened, accounted in no small measure for the increased interest of his people in things eternal, and he seemed to be unconscious of his having had anything to do with it at all.”

Activity in Christian work shows the spirit of revival:

“ In Beni Mazar, the mother C. E. Society numbers but twenty, yet they conduct each week preaching in five villages and four places in the town itself. In conversing with the pastor, I asked him how many members of his society he could count on to conduct a successful service. He said that of the twenty he thought that twelve were competent and willing to undertake such work. A schedule is posted for the month, giving the names of the leaders, the places of the meetings, and the subjects. Thus, for each meeting of the central society, there are nine at other places.”

The observance of the Sabbath testifies to the Lordship of Christ:

“ Some of our women are doing decidedly better in the matter of keep­ ing the Sabbath, that is, they do not buy so much, nor sew so much, nor wash so much, etc. There is better attendance at the services and more desire to bring others. Also a better attitude toward the Moslems on the part of some, and a greater willingness to hear the Word _ on the part of others. There is, of course, worldliness and double faced- ' ness to discourage one.”

Through the whole Report, however, runs the minor note of regret because more cannot be attempted. The doors are wide open. Whole districts, blocks of 500,000 people, lie prac­ tically untouched. Islam is still dominant, with its power of lust, its degradation of woman, its cruelty to children. How such an incident as the following makes one long for Him to come to Egypt Who was the lover of the little children:

“ One day a little girl baby about ten months old was brought Xo the clinic. The sight of both eyes was gone forever. An ugly ulcer had al­ ready destroyed one, while the other was so inflamed and swollen that it was bulging out between the lids. The pain the poor baby was suffering was agonizing, When the father was told that the child would never see Annual Report—The Past Year in India. 21

again, he said that they would go back to their village, for what was the use of doing anything since the sight was gone. “ He could not be persuaded to leave the child in the hospital or even bring it to the clinic for treatment, that we might do all in our power to relieve its awful pain. He only murmured as he took the child and its mother away, ‘What’s the use? What’s the use?’ Nothing but the Gos­ pel of Jesus Christ can teach him what’s the use. Islam has failed to do so.”

STATISTICS FOR EGYPT. Foreign Workers: (January 1, 1913): Ordained, 25; professors, 3 ; laymen, 2 ; medical, 7 , (men, 5 ; women, 2); nurses, 2 ; other unmar­ ried women, 29; wives of missionaries, 33. Total foreign missionaries, 101. Native Workers: Ordained ministers, 62; licentiates, 16; other nat­ ive workers, 624. Total native force, 702. The Native Church: Synod, 1; presbyteries, 4 ; organized congre­ gations, 81; out-stations, 196. Membership, 12,044, (men, 6119; women. 5925); increase by pro­ fession, 790; net increase, 580; attendance at Sabbath morning ser­ vice, 24,088; Protestant community, 30,000 (estimated). Sabbath Schools, 193; teachers, 598; pupils, 15,668; contributions, $2895. Educational Work: Total schools, 193; total teachers, 525; total pupils, 16,951. Central schools: Theological Seminary, 1; pupils, 12; Assiut Col­ lege, pupils, 866; other central schools, 26; pupils, 5455. Total cen­ tral schools, 28; pupils, 6333. Out-station schools, 165; pupils, 10,618. Medical Work: Hospitals, 3 ; in-patients, 3841. Native Contributions: For Church purposes, $ 57,586; for educa­ tional work, $ 113,992; for medical work, $ 31,576; book receipts, $ 16,- 364. Total receipts from native sources, $ 219,518.

The dominant work of the past year in India, as the Mission’s Report clearly 2. IN INDIA. shows, has been that of “ shepherding the multitudes of baptized Christians who are not included in organized congregations under pastors.” It is difficult to realize at a distance what this means. From a numerical point of view, the task is enough to overwhelm the limited force of workers. Here are native converts, whose numbers would equal the membership of the Presbyteries of Boston and Big Spring and Allegheny and De­ troit and Indiana and Chicago and Southern Illinois and Cedar Rapids and Arkansas Valley and Colorado and Los Angeles and Idaho, with 1208 to spare. Of these 2,947 have just been born into the Kingdom during the past year. Related less closely to the Church are over 24,000 adherents who, together with the Church membership, constitute the Christian community. Scat­ 22 Annual Report—The Past Year in India. tered as all these are over 24,223 square miles of difficult coun­ try, distributed among 1396 towns and villages, is it any won­ der that the limited force of 75 foreign missionaries (counting both the men and the unmarried women) should feel unable to compass the work. But these figures represent only a small part of the problem, for only those who have stood over against heathenism, can realize what “ shepherding,” what instruction in righteousness, what supervision, what practice in the ways of Christian life and service, these converts from heathenism re­ quire to establish them in the truth. The Mission’s Report tells of havoc wrought by Roman Catholic emissaries among those who are untrained. One writes:

“ In every part of our district our hearts have been saddened by the inroads made by the Roman Catholics among our people. Village after village has gone over to them, and we grieve the more because we know that in most instances the people were not being adequately instructed or cared for by us. Some say plainly that they were not being visited and taught. Few if any villages which were receiving regular instruction from any worker have gone over.”

This shows why chief emphasis has had to be laid on the instruction of converts. Elsewhere the Report says:

“ Many of those who went over to the Roman Catholics last year, have come back to us and among, those who still adhere to them there is very evident dissatisfaction.”

And again,

“A t the beginning of the year all the elders and leading men of Pasrur District were called in for Presbytery and a conference on Roman Catho­ licism. The results were most gratifying and go to show that here, as in all countries, knowledge is the great essential in combating error.”

The character of these proselytizers’ appeals is, “ We will give you land if you will come to us. You will not need to give any collection or take the trouble to learn anything.” Some difficulty is also reported in dealing with the Salvation Army which is flagrantly violating all rules of Christian comity. The power of the Gospel in the lives of men has been testified to by many experiences during the past year, and by many incidents recorded in the Mission’s Report. Among the varied manifestations of newness of life in Christ are the following:

There is an enthusiasm for religious meetings and gatherings: “ Several women from Galotian, with their leader, a young girl living in the village, walked over 20 miles to attend the Synodical meeting in Sial- kot last spring.” “ In Lyallpur, a women’s mela was held to which the women were asked to bring their thank-offerings. Unfortunately, on the day chosen there was a religious festival when the Mohammedans make a free distribution Annual Report—The Past Year in India. 23 of food to the poor, so it required some sacrifice for the women to leave their villages and come to Lyallpur for the mela. No inducement was offered to them to come, but on the other hand, they were asked to bring a thank-offering with them and furnish their own food as well. About two hundred women came. The program consisted of two short addresses by Indian sisters and one by Miss Hill, and the thank-offering service. The offering amounted to about Rs.30. Some of the women returned to their villages that evening, the others slept on the verandas or on the ground. Several said ‘Why should we care for the food the Mohamme­ dans give us to-day? This is our feast.’ ”

There is a new appreciation of Christian education, for one writes:

“At the beginning of the year, we tried hard to get six or eight girls from one village tc attend school. We got only two of them. It was hard for the father, for the other people accused him of lack of love for his daughters, and the grandfather also opposed their being sent away, but the father had learned a number of Bible stories, and this little taste of knowledge had given him a desire for the education of his girls. So he stood firm and the girls went to school.”

The liberality of the native Church is surely a faithful index of the reality of the spiritual experience of its members, and this showed an advance of over 21 per cent, during the year. One of the district missionaries summarizes the signs of spiritual progress under four heads:

“ (1) Attendance in the village services is increasing. (2) A larger number are able to lead in voluntary prayer. (3) They are learning to give. (4) The mothers are more willing to send their girls to school.”

A touching illustration of the transforming influences of the new life upon the old order appears in the following incident which seems like a present day parallel to the prophecy of Isaiah 6 214:

“One woman who has five daughters brought them all to the thank- offering meeting and each of them had her own offering. One of the daughters had been named ‘Disgusting’ because she was not wanted in a home thal had so many daughters, but when the family was baptized' this year, this daughter was baptized ‘Beloved.’ ”

To meet the great emergencies of need which it is facing, the Mission has not only maintained the old work, but has ventured along new and aggressive lines, as these quotations show:

“On Christmas morning (in Rawal Pindi) a movement instituted by a number of the Indian Christian young men resulted in the distribution from house to house in all parts of the city and cantonments, of about 10,000 hand bills, setting forth the true meaning of the day and what Christ really came into the world to do. That afternoon and for a week following preaching bands went out all over the city, and a service was held in practically every section.” 24 Annual Report—The Past Year in India.

“An elders’ conference was held in Gujranwala. It was arranged in the season when the farmers were least busy. The attendance was good, and the elders seemed to get something of a vision of the opportunities pos­ sible to their office. Some of them are getting enough of a missionary spirit to go out and preach and teach in the neighboring villages. Very special effort is being made to train the eldership.” “There is a constant endeavor to bring the eldership up to the place where it will be able to supply the teaching force for real Sabbath-school work. To accomplish this, the Presbytery has made inquiries concerning the elders in each congregation, and has taken steps for the removal from office of those who are not really spiritual leaders.”

On almost every page of the Mission’s Report, there is some reference to the readiness of the people to listen to the preaching of the Gospel. Indeed, there is something almost discouraging about the clear picture of opportunity which is portrayed, and the ever-present consciousness that the Church in America is not improving the marvelous opportunity which is before it in situations such as are described in the following paragraphs:

“W e were in one village where no lady missionary had ever been be­ fore. We asked the women if they had given up their idols and old cus­ toms. They assured us that they had. Then we asked them, ‘Whom do you worship now?’ They said, ‘No one. W e have had no one to teach us.’ The women of another village were so anxious to learn that they walked four miles to our camp to be taught.”

“A t one village the people had not been notified of our coming, and the men were off in the fields at work. The women were picking cotton, and on hearing of our arrival, came in with bundles on their heads, singing a Psalm as they came. They said, ‘If we had known you were coming, we would not have gone to the fields to-day.’ W e heard them recite, had worship and several baptisms, and came away leaving them quite happy.” •

“ In one village where our camp had been pitched twice in eight years, an old man was asked why his people remained outcastes. His reply was characteristic. ‘We have not had any one to tell us any other way.’ There are some twenty, families of his class in that village who would probably become Christians if they had a teacher.”

“ One evening a large delegation of men came to the tent after dark. They were representatives of one hundred outcaste people of the neighbor­ ing village and said they had come to get religion. By putting them in the care of an already over-burdened teacher, we were able to arrange for their instruction, but we cannot do this for all the people. In one part of the district, thousands would become Christians if any one could be sent to teach them. They are ready to leave their old faith and so are in danger of being led away by any false teacher who comes to them.”

It is well to remember that these opportunities are passing. Certain reformed Hindu movements are entering the field to take possession of the low caste peoples who are now ready to accept religious guidance. “ The past year,” writes Mr. H. J. Stewart, for example, “has been one of apparent defeat rather than of victory. The Arya Somaj has entered our district and taken over a large number of the Doms whom we had hoped Annual Report—The Past Year in the Sudan. 25 to see converted to Christianity. They called in an influential man from Lahore and went through a ceremony of cleansing these low caste people and of introducing them into Hindu society. They use worldly inducements and made many false promises. Some of our workers are encouraged by this move­ ment rather than discouraged, inasmuch as they consider it to ‘ be a step towards Christianity. Had the district been effectually manned with efficient workers, we might possibly have been able to report an ingathering of hundreds.” Many other features of the past year’s work and of the present crisis appear in the full Report. The following figures may be studied with profit and interest:

STATISTICS FOR INDIA. Foreign Workers: (January 1, 1913): Ordained, 27; layman, 1; medical, 4, (man, 1 ; women, 3) ; other uiimarried women, 4 1 ; wives of missionaries, 25. Total foreign missionaries, 99. Native Workers: Ordained, 36; licentiates, 11; theological students, 22; colporteurs, 11; Bible women, 25; Christian teachers, 202; non- Christian teachers, 209; other workers, 104. Total native force, 620. The Native Church: Synod, l; presbyteries, 4 ; organized congre­ gations, 52; unorganized circles, 103; self-supporting congregations, 30; with pastors, 27. Membership, 29,525; increase by profession, 2947; by certificate and restoration, 4186; decrease by death, 406; removal and suspension, 4551; net increase, 2168; adult baptisms, 1086; infant baptisms, 1727. Total Christian community, 54,240. Educational Work: Theological Seminary, 1; pupils, 22; college, 1; pupils, 156; high schools, 4 ; pupils, 3352; industrial schools, 2 ; pupils, 200; middle schools, 8; pupils, 2010; primary schools, 191; pupils, 5265. Total schools, 207; total pupils, 11,005. Medical Work: Hospitals, 4 ; dispensaries, 7; in-patients, 1450; fees, $ 1109. Native Contributions: For Church work, $ 4183; school work, $ 24,- 874; medical work, $ 1109; Dooks, $ 419. Total amount, $ 31,275.

The past year in the Sudan has been marked by several developments which 3. IN THE SUDAN, give reason for great encouragement, al­ though one experience brought consider­ able disheartenment. The opening of a new station, 182 miles farther up the Sobat River than Doleib Hill, has produced a strong impression that our work in the Sudan is advancing. Dr. Thomas A. Lambie and Rev. Elbert McCreery were appointed to carry out this important commission. The following paragraphs are full of interest in connection with that undertaking:

“ The first trip extended from May till September, 1912. During this time we lived on ‘The Evangel,’ which was tied up just a short distance 26 Annual Report—The Past Year in the Sudan. up stream, and on the opposite bank from the old military station at Nasser, about 200 miles up the Sobat River. “ The start from Khartum was made with the ‘Erskine’ towing the ‘Evangel.’ When we had proceeded about 16 miles our batteries gave out on us and no more could be secured short of Cairo. As this would take several weeks and as a Government steamer was leaving in a few days, it was thought best to be taken in tow by the steamer. W e were1 21 days in making the 750 miles.” “W e had not finished tying up before the natives began coming to see us. Although the novelty has somewhat worn off by this time, they still come in large numbers, sit on the bank and stare. W e furnish no little amusement, judging from the amount of laughter that goes on. “A t first we had a tent to serve as a doctor’s office, but after this had twice blown down and broken our bottles and spilled our medicine, we moved to a mud hut that a trader had vacated. This did very well until the trader returned and then we had to move again. Moving did not seem to discourage the Nuers, as they continued to come in increasing numbers during our efforts to get located. “ Most of the patients had something very real thé matter with them. Not fashionable diseases either. A t least half of them had some more or less permanent deformity as the result of their diseases. Yaws, in a pe­ culiar form, claimed a large number of victims and those who recover could scarcely be recognized by their own mothers, as it destroys the whole nose and most of the upper lip, if not treated.” “ And now just a word on the language. During the days of preparation in Khartum, we were able to get an old Nuer who had been brought down there in Dervish days. Witn him we were able to make a start on the language. To begin studying a language which has never been written, presents numerous difficulties. W e may say that a large amount of ma­ terial has been gathered covering all points of grammar. On most of these points the missionaries are now quite sure of their usage. The study of the coming year should clear up other of these points and give us a much larger store of material from which to draw our deductions.”

The work in Northern Sudan has apparently been carried forward with more than ordinary satisfaction and success dur­ ing the past year. The native congregation at Khartum which was without a pastor for a year has enjoyed the leadership of one of the most capable ministers of the Egyptian Church. His coming seemed to spur the congregation to activity, divisions were healed, improvements in the church building were under­ taken, and not only was the pastor’s salary raised, but addi­ tional amounts were also secured for other expenses. The importance and influence of this congregation will be appreciated when we remember that it stands in the capital of the country and has a wonderful opportunity among young men in Gov­ ernment service. Missionary work in Northern Sudan follows chiefly educa­ tional and medical lines, owing to Government restrictions upon direct evangelistic work. The Mission Report tells of a public examination in one school, where there were some 250 visitors, chiefly Moslems. A captain in the army, a Moslem, was called upon to speak and after addressing the teacher and his pupils, and then the missionary, addressed his fellow Mohammedans much as follows: Annual Report—The Past Year in the Sudan. 2 7

“ ‘I wish to speak to my brethren the Moslems. What we have seen here to-day should shame us, shame us as Moslems. While our Sheikhs are caring for nothing but their own ease, these people come over the seas to teach our sons and daughters/ ” “And then for five minutes he gave them such wholesome advice and such scathing criticism, that I began (writes the missionary) to tremble and to feel a shame for the Moslems. However, it was all well said and well taken. They cheered him as he sat down.” Although required to give his time largely to the study of the language, Dr. H. R. Magill reports no less than 1558 clinic patients and 223 house visits. At Doleib Hill, the need for a doctor still remains unmet. This has been most serious, both because of the unimproved oppor­ tunity for medical work and because of the danger which threatens the missionary force at that isolated station when thus left without a doctor. Evangelistic work has been carried on and we now hear of individuals almost ready for baptism. The long-prayed-for harvest seems imminent, as the following state­ ments suggest: “The average attendance at church each Sabbath was twenty-seven. This number does not include missionaries. During the time that I was absent the visits to the villages were not continued on the Sabbath; but the average number spoken to each Sabbath while I was here, has been twenty-six. “Abdullah, who has been under instruction for some time, is asking for baptism. Also Acoquin classes himself as Christian. Wagbil, Ashen, Kir and Loiny are all very deeply touched. Fadl el-Moula, who used to work here, returned for a few days and asked for religious instruction.” Industrial work has experienced the one great disappoint­ ment to which reference has been made. We think it wise to speak with considerable reserve for the present, as we hope some correction of the evil may yet be possible. It is the gov­ ernment’s prohibition of trading by missionaries and the con­ sequent closing of the store which has been in operation at Doleib Hill for years. This is being made the subject of earnest correspondence, and we hope that prayer to God and a clear presentation of the case to the authorities may serve to bring about some adjustment.

STATISTICS FOR THE SUDAN. Foreign Workers: (January 1, 1913) : Ordained, 5 ; medical (men), 2 ; laymen, 2; wives of missionaries, 8; women missionaries, unmarried, 3. Total foreign missionaries, 20. Northern Sudan: Organized congregation, 1; preaching stations, 12; native workers, ordained, 2 ; communicants, 155; day schools, 7 ; I'upils, 418; fees, $ 1018; medical treatments, 485P Southern Sudan: Medical treatments, 2600. Native Contributions: For Church purposes, $ 1365; educational work, $ 1018; medical work, $ 383. Total receipts from native sources, 28 Annual Report—The Past Year in America.

In America, the work of the Board divides itself very naturally into two main 4. IN AMERICA. divisions. The cultivation of the home Church, and correspondence of business relating to the field. In each department, further sub-divisions of the work occur. (a) The Fall Conferences: During the months of September, October and November, a series of Conferences were held at important points distributed between San Francisco and Phila­ delphia. Rev. H. H. Bell, D.D., the Moderator of the Church, Rev. J. K. McClurkin, D.D., Rev. George E. Raitt, and Mr. George Innes constituted the team of speakers and conference leaders at these gatherings. Evangelism, Prayer, Bible Study, Stewardship, and Missions, were the chief themes presented. Everywhere a most cordial reception was extended to those who thus traveled across the Continent to bear to the Church mes­ sages of inspiration and to introduce more effective methods of work. The Presbyterial Missionary Committees once more proved themselves suitable and efficient agencies through which these Conferences could be arranged, and the Synodical Super­ intendents gave invaluable help both in speaking and in organi­ zation. These Conferences were not merely stimulating in them­ selves, but they were an indispensable part of the Every-Member Canvass campaign which they all had in view. A later section will refer to the plans for the coming year which parallel the conferences of last fall. (&) The Simultaneous Financial Canvass: Since the Church has become so fully acquainted with the Simultaneous Every- Member Canvass carried through during the month of March, no detailed description of it is necessary. It is enough to say that successful as was the canvass of 1912, it was possible to add greatly to the effectiveness of the canvass of 1913 because of the experience of 1912. A special feature of the Campaign which awakened wide­ spread interest was the visit of Mr. George C. Shane and Rev. Thomas C. Pollock, D.D., to Egypt. Mr. Shane’s past services along lines of Church advertisement made the Church well ac­ quainted with him under the pseudonym of “ George Christopher.” His trip to Egypt, taken upon his own initiative, and the cable messages sent by him for transmission to the Chui ch, helped to quicken interest during the crucial weeks of the Every-Mem­ ber Canvass. This second experience with a Church-wide canvass makes it necessary to lay a new emphasis on the annual feature of the canvass, lest some congregation should imagine that when a canvass has once been made the congregation may allow that to serve for several years. It is also important to define carefully the objects that are being canvassed for. Annual Report—The Past Year in America. 29

After the almost phenomenal success of this Every-Member Canvass method as proved by the actual receipts during the past year, the canvass has been accepted practically everywhere throughout our Church as a fully established method of Church finance. It is gratifying to discover that so many other Churches are now proposing to adopt this method into the financial system of their respective denominations.

(c) Mission Study Movements: The dissemination of mis­ sionary information in systematic ways, so as to form a founda­ tion for abiding missionary convictions, has been pressed through the various mission study movements, most of which have been related directly to work in the Sabbath Schools and among young people. Mr. W. W. Cleland has had charge of this department of the work. During the Foreign Missionary Quarter, missionary exercises were planned for use in the closing exercises of the Sabbath Schools. The outfit, entitled “ The Sudan Christian Conquest •Course,” consisted of two enlarged missionary pictures of the Sudan, a wall motto, and a wall map of the Nile Valley. Printed talks descriptive of the charts were furnished, while the map was used to record, in an interesting and educative way, the offerings of the school. The Board also distributed a full con­ cert program in celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the birth of David Livingstone, March 19, 1913, for use on Easter Sabbath. A total of 380 schools ordered and used the Course and the Livingstone program. The Mission Study Class Movement has made encouraging progress, thanks to the efforts of many consecrated young people throughout the Church, and the assistance of the spirit aroused by the St. Louis Trophy contest. Exclusive of classes studying subjects that are definitely related to Home Missions, there are records of 159 classes enroling approximately 1800 young peo­ ple. The fact that so many of the coming leaders in the Church are willing to definitely and thoroughly study missions, augurs well for the future. Aside from classes reported above, there have been some three hundred Young People’s Societies studying “ The Sor­ row and Hope of the Egyptian Sudan,” the text book prepared by the Board for use by the Young People in the regular prayer- meetings of April 6th-May n . A pamphlet suggesting pro­ grams for this Course was prepared and widely distributed. About 3,000 copies of the text-book were sold, the receipts just paying the cost of issue. Reports have been received indicating a wide interest and some “ extraordinarily good” prayer-meetings. The book is of such a nature as to be valuable not only for the present purpose, but to serve as a permanent handbook of infor­ mation with reference to the Sudan, the country, its history, people, and missionary operations. 30 Annual Report—Visit of Corresponding Secretary.

The Tarkio Missionary Conference held at Tarkio, Mo., July 26-Aug. 4, 1912, was the second for the Western section of our Church, and showed a marked advance in every way over that of 19 11. The report indicated an enrolment of 341 per­ sons from 16 presbyteries. Its spirit was not only one of good fellowship and pleasure, but it indicated the presence of the Holy Spirit Himself, working for the quickening of the many lives that were touched. Besides the individuals who attended, many others in home churches have been given a new impetus and purpose for Christian work. The New Wilmington Missionary Conference of August 16- 25, 1912, was the seventh and the best that has yet been held. The attendance was larger than for any previous year, the en­ rolment being 526 persons, representing 31 presbyteries. Of this number, 400 traveled distances ranging from one to eight hundred miles in order to attend. As in past Conferences, the Lord again revealed Himself to many, pointing out clearly the life to be lived and the work to be done, and giving a new desire for closer fellowship with Him and greater consecration in the carrying out of His Plan.

(d) Visit of Corresponding Secretary to Egypt and the Sudan: As a full statement of this visit was made to the As­ sembly a year ago, it is only necessary to add here that as a result of this trip, many adjustments in the work, which make for economy and efficiency, have been made both by the mission­ aries on the field and in the work at the home base. The Con­ ference held at Schütz near Alexandria, April 28th to May 5th, 1912, at the conclusion of this missionary tour, proved of the utmost value in giving unity to the methods, policies and view points of the missionary force on the field, while it also contributed beyond measure in harmonizing the view point of the Board and that of the Mission in the common task of win­ ning Egypt to Christ. Sixty-five missionaries out of eighty-one then on the field, were present, and eight days were given to a survey of the needs of the field and a conference on methods and problems connected with meeting that need. Much time was also reserved for prayer and spiritual fellowship. The Conference adopted unanimously the findings which are printed in Appendix B of this Report. It is the plan of the Mission to act formally upon these findings as opportunity and the re­ sources of men and of money may permit; meanwhile, they serve to give general guidance to the thought and plans of the mis­ sionaries and of the Board. The Secretary is also preparing for the Board and the missionaries in Egypt a fuller statement of some observations and suggestions made during his visit to the Levant. Annual Report—With Our Missionaries. 31

On June 5th 1912, Miss Ella O. Kyle w i t h n i l P our Mission in Egypt, was called to 5‘ irkMADicc ^er reward- It is impossible to state the MISSION A Klti». £uu measure o£ the loss thus .incurred. With her 29 years of missionary exper­ ience, with administrative gifts that triumphed over difficulties seemingly insurmountable, with an insight into the future which led to large and comprehensive plans, with educational gifts that made her the worthy head of a great institution, and with a missionary purpose which made everything bend to the one great aim of winning young lives to Christ, Miss Kyle occupied a position of unique influence. The Girls’ College at Cairo will stand as a lasting monument, but the story of her life is written in the hearts and lives of those whom she taught and influenced for Christ, the Great Teacher. A Memorial Volume bringing together tributes to his life by those who were intimately acquainted with Rev. J. Herbert Morton of our Mission in India, who died April 29th, 1910, has been published through the initiative of the India Mission and may be secured through the Board’s offices in Philadelphia. It was reported to the Seattle Assembly that there was a pros­ pect of securing for the work in Egypt the cooperation of Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D. missionary of the Reformed Church in America and so well known as a leader in work for Moslems in connection with the Arabian Mission. It is gratifying to report that these hopes were realized, and Dr. Zwemer has be­ come associated with our Mission in Egypt through the courtesy of the Reformed Church in America. He is located at Cairo and gives a portion of his time to the work of our Mission, the re­ mainder of his time being claimed by the Nile Mission Press and other interests connected with the world-wide missionary movements in behalf of Moslems.

Those who have sailed to the foreign field since the Board’s last report to the Assembly are:

Returning Missionaries: Miss Fannie G. Bradford, to the Sudan. Rev. H. C. Chambers and Mrs. Chambers, to India. Rev. T. J. Finney, D.D., and Mrs. Finney, to Egypt. Miss Ella M. Gordon, to India. Dr. A. F. Grant and Mrs. Grant, to Egypt. Miss Alfaretta Hammond, to Egypt. Miss Flora J. Jameson, to India. Miss Rosa A. McCullough, to India. Rev. Ralph G. McGill and Mrs. McGill, to Egypt. Miss Margaret A. Smith, to Egypt. Rev. George A. Sowash and Mrs. Sowash, to the Sudan. Miss Nannie J. Spencer, to India. Rev. R. W. Walker and Mrs. Walker, to Egypt. Miss Minnehaha Finney, to Egypt. 32 Annual Report'—With Our Missionaries.

New Missionaries: Rev. J. W . Baird and Mrs. Baird, to Egypt. Miss Minnie E. Beatty, to India. Rev. Ernest V . Clements and Mrs. Clements, to India. Rev. Frank N. Crawford and Mrs. Crawford, to India. Miss Mabel B. Dickey, to Egypt. Rev. Wm. P. Gilmor, to Egypt. Miss Elsie E. Grove, to the Sudan. Miss Jeannette Hopkins, to India. Miss Isabel Hosack, to Egypt. Miss Olive R. Laing, to India. Miss Olive T. Mason, to Egypt. Rev. W . D. Mercer and Mrs. Mercer, to India Miss Lois A. McCracken, to Egypt. Miss Mary M. Pattison, to Egypt. Miss B. I. Shannon, M.D., to Egypt.

Missionaries arriving in America 1912-1913: Rev. J. W . Ballantyne, of India. Miss Lena S. Brotherston, of India. Dr. M. M. Brown, of India. Rev. A. B. Caldwell and Mrs. Caldwell, of Jndia. Miss Henrietta W . Cow den, of India. Dr. H. L. Finley and Mrs. Finley, of Egypt. Rev. J. K. Giffen, D.D., and Mrs. Giffen, of the Sudan. Mr. C. B. Guthrie and Mrs. Guthrie, of Egypt. Rev. F. D. Henderson and Mrs. Henderson, of Egypt. Rev. J. Kruidenier, D.D., and Mrs. Kruidenier, of Egypt. Miss Fannie C. Martin, of India. Miss Carol E. McMillan, of Egypt. Prof. C. P. Russell and Mrs. Russell, of Egypt. Miss E. Dorcas Teas, of Egypt. Rev. A. A. Thompson and Mrs. Thompson, of Egypt. Mr. R. W . Tidrick, of the Sudan.

Those returning to the field in the fall of the oresent vear alter furlough are: Miss Alda B. Atchison, of Egypt. Rev. E. E. Campbell, of India. Miss Anna B. Criswell, of Egypt. Rev. David R. Gordon and Mrs. Gordon, of India. Miss Nancy A. Hadley, of India. Miss M ary Kyle, of India. ♦Miss Emma M. Minger, of India. Rev. J. A. McArthur and Mrs. McArthur, of India. *Miss Anna M. McConaughy, of Egypt. Rev. J. A. McConnelee and Mrs. McConnelee, of India. Rev. H. S. Nesbitt and Mrs. Nesbitt, of India. Rev. W. H. Reed and Mrs. Reed, of Egypt. Mr. R. W . Tidrick and Mrs. Tidrick, of the Sudan. Miss Laura B. Walker, of Egypt Rev. S. A. Work and Mrs. Work, of Egypt

♦Providing health conditions permit. 'S. ftA I S ^ ^ ^ ^ Jg nbly of i

During the year, the following funds have been established: The McCarrell-Moore Fund'. Principal, $1,000. From the estates of Margaret McCarrell and Margaret Moore, deceased. The principal to be invested and the income used in the work of the Board. The Nelson Pratt Memorial Fund: Principal, $1,000. From the estate of Nelson Pratt, deceased. The principal to be in­ vested and the income used annually in the work of the Board. The Kenneth Wilson Smith Memorial Fund: Donated by Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Smith, Latrobe, Pa. Principal, $250. The princi­ pal to be invested and the income each year to be applied to the support of one scholar, preferably a boy, in the Gujranwala School, India. The Gradle Memorial School at Zakasik: Mrs. Annie S. Gradle has contributed $5,000 toward the completion of this school building. The William Whiting Borden Bequest'. This bequest has not yet come into the hands of the Board, and settlement of the estate is not expected for a year or more. By the terms of the Will, the money, $50,000, is specially designated for evangelistic work and will probably be expended by distribution over a period of years for evangelistic work among Moslems. Mr. Borden died in Cairo, Egypt, April 9th, 1913, where he was preparing himself for work among the Moslems of China. Although not connected with the United Presbyterian Church, he generously made this provision in his Will in favor of our Board, for special work along lines that appealed strongly to him.

The record of the receipts on Appropriations, as reported by the Treasurer of the Board, Mr. Robert L. Latimer, is as follows:

SCHEDULE A. RECEIPTS ON APPROPRIATION. Presbyteries ...... $222,086.43 Sabbath-schools ...... 13,722.76 Individuals ...... 10,482.50 Young People’s Societies ...... 4À 13-54 Bequests ...... 10,398.70 Ladies’ Missionary Societies ...... ^...... 291.75 Interest ...... 1,265.25 Endowed Funds Income ...... 1,72497 Miscellaneous Funds ...... ’...... 9478.10

Total on Appropriation ...... _...... $274,094°^ Annual Report—Missionary Information. 35

n . — THE NEW YEAR. Again the Board would call the Church’s MISSIONARY attention to the provision made for a IIVPOPMATION thorough-going campaign of education INrOKMA 1 ION. throughout the Church. (a) For Missionary Leaders and Stud­ ents of Missions, there is the large Annual Report of the Board. This is offered free of charge to individuals, but is not meant for broadcast distribution. It is carefully indexed for the spe­ cial benefit of those who may be searching for illustrative ma­ terial for sermons and addresses. (b) For congregations and more general distribution, there is the “ Handbook on Foreign Missions,” profusely illustrated, presenting in a popular way much missionary information, to­ gether with a summary of the year’s work. One copy for every seven of the membership of the congregation will be supplied free of cost and further supplies are available at a nominal cost. (c) For Mission Study Qasses, the literature available is so varied and so abundant that reference must be made to the covers of the “Annual Report” or of the “Handbook.” Full information and help can be secured by addressing the Board at 200 N. Fifteenth Street, Philadelphia. (d) For Sabbath-schools, there are courses prepared provid­ ing wall pictures and material for brief talks to be given dur­ ing the closing exercises of the School. The months of April, May and June, 1914, would be the regularly assigned quarter for Foreign Missions according to the General Assembly’s rule. (e) For General Reading, the Board would especially recom­ mend the three companion volumes which present the three fields in which we labor: “ Egypt and the Christian Crusade,” “Far North in India,” and “ The Sorrow and Hope of the Egyptian Sudan.” In addition to these books, there is an abun­ dance of missionary literature in pamphlet form.

Through a committee representing the 2. A UNITED Foreign Missions Conference of the MISSIONARY United States and Canada and the Home CAMPAIGN. Missions Council, with which are identi­ fied the great majority of foreign and home missionary boards of this country, there has been planned for 1913-1914 a United Missionary Campaign, which is to cover the entire country and lead up to a nation-wide every-member canvass for missions in all denominations. This plan is prac­ tically the application to American Protestant Christendom of the methods followed with so much success in our own Church during the past two years. The plan contemplates the holding 36 Annual Report—Estimates and Appropriations. during the fall and winter, as was done in our own denomina­ tional plan, of a series of Conferences at important centers ex­ tending clear across the country, and then the making of a simul­ taneous canvass within each denomination during the month of March. It is important to recognize that while the Conferences, with their public programs, are to be conducted on an inter­ denominational basis, under the leadership of the Laymen’s Mis­ sionary Movement, it is expected that each denomination will also hold its own denominational rally in connection with the main conference for the discussion of its own Church’s problems and methods, while the entire direction of the canvass is to be under denominational auspices and agencies. In this way, the maximum advantage of a united infer-denominational publicity campaign is secured, while the more effective denominational machinery is retained for the full burden of the detailed congre­ gational canvass. The plan outlined, if carried through, will relieve' our denomi­ national machinery of a great part of the burden it has been carrying during the past two years in setting up alone an effective conference program. There will be no less effort required to correlate vitally the inter-denominational activities and our de­ nominational interests, but if this correlation is effected there should be an enormous gain in the impression made upon our constituency, for the entire atmosphere will be surcharged with missionary interest, and public opinion generally will be as a tide running not counter to, but with the agitation which is being carried on within the single denomination. There is being presented separately to the General Assembly a proposal for the re-organization of the Ways and Means Com­ mittee and of the Million Dollar Committee under the title of “The Missionary and Efficiency Committee” on a basis which will secure the cooperation of the several Boards of the Church. This proposal has received the hearty endorsement of the Board/and seems to propose nothing more than putting into permanent form the main features of a policy which has been actually followed during the past two years. It is of the utmost importance that there be no relaxation in the amount of time, energy and power of initiative expended upon the Every-Member Canvass Campaign within our Church, for no method will run itself and no outside inter-denominational activity can take the place of denominational agencies, much as the former may reinforce the latter. To make clear to the General Assem- 3. ESTIMATES bly the needs of the foreign work, the AND Board submits to the Assembly, first, APPROPRIATIONS, what may be called a minimum budget, covering the amount necessary for the maintenance of the work in our three fields on the same basis on which it is now being operated, without allowing for any ad­ Annual Report—Estimates and Appropriations. 37 vance on the field and providing only for the sending out of the four men named in the next section of the Report. The amount provided by the Women’s Board for work supported by it, is included in the amounts named for the _ three fields, but is deducted later, so that the Assembly may know of the entire work carried on in the name of the Church and yet understand what is required for the regular budget of the Foreign Board.

Egypt ...... $160,547 In d ia ...... 131,782 Sudan ...... 39>292 Salaries (Cor. Sec’y., $2500; Tieas., $500; Asso. Secy., $2000) ...... S,ooo Clerical Expenses ...... 4,’015 Printing ...... 3,060 Office and General Expenses ...... 8,465 Emergency ...... 5,000 Interest ...... 4,000

$361,161 Current Work Women’s Board...... 79.520

Current Work of Foreign Board ...... $281,641 Of $38,697 deficit, charge ...... 26,257

Amount required for Regular Budget...... $307,898

As has been stated, this budget makes no provision for the following advances in the foreign field for which our three Missions are earnestly appealing: Egypt, $5,474; India, $12,249»' Sudan, $7,840. There is also no provision whatever for perman­ ent equipment which is sorely needed. Yet to cover the bud­ get as submitted above will require an advance of no less than $34,000 over and above the total amount received this year. From these statements it will be recognized that the needs of our foreign work call for some marked and exceptional enlarge­ ment in the financial provision made for this work. There are two needs that ought to be lifted out of the many for special emphasis. Neither of these is provided for in the budget submitted above. The one is the call of. India for an enlargement both of the force of workers and of the number of schools in communities from which there have been recently many accessions. Shall we leave spiritual babes and children, only recently born into the Kingdom of God, to starve for lack of spiritual care and nourishment? The guilt of leaving men without any knowledge of the Gospel is great, but greater is the guilt of permitting the new born convert to lapse for lack of instruction and spiritual guidance. The other need is that of Egypt. In His providence God has burst the bars of Islam. The Balkan war has advertised throughout the Moslem world the weakness and the shame of Turkey. With his political pride humbled, the Moslem to-day 38 Annual Report-—Appointments of Missionaries. is asking whether there may not be some merit in the religion of the West. The inadequacy of his life’s ideals are being re­ vealed. Shall we fail Him Who has labored both by His prov­ idence and by His Spirit for the ushering in of this day of op­ portunity among Moslems? Again, we repeat, these needs are not cared for in the budget submitted and cannot be unless the coming year should provide some marked advance in the financial resources of this work.

The names of the following persons 4 . APPOINTMENTS approved by the Women’s Board and the OF Foreign Board are submitted to the Gen- MISSIQNARIES. eral Assembly for appointment as mis­ sionaries to their respective fields: Miss Mary Emma Baird, to Egypt. Miss Ella B. Downie, to Egypt. Miss May Holland, to Egypt Miss Satüe Thompson, to Egypt. Miss Ruth Warnock, to India. Miss Ida Whiteside, to Egypt. The Board also submits the names of the following persons for missionary appointment: Rev. Dalton Galloway and Miss Estelle Kyle, to Egypt. Prof. W . H. Merriam and Mrs. Merriam, to India. Prof. C. A . Owen, tp. Egypt Rev. J. Willard Acheson and Mrs. Acheson, who were ap­ pointed a year ago, will sail for Egypt this year. With the consent of the Board, Mr. Acheson remained in America dur­ ing the past year, making a special study of Moslem literature and theology, and also taking several educational courses, thus qualifying himself in a special way for work among Moslems, and for the particular requirements of the mission field to which he is appointed. This year of special study was made possible through the Thomas Jamison Scholarship conferred upon him by the Allegheny Theological Seminary. The authorities of the Seminary very kindly permitted Mr. Acheson to study in this country and also to specialize along the lines of his life work and its needs.

The Board desires to lay before the 5. CHRISTIAN Assembly for its information and en- UNIVERS1TY dorsement, a proposal which has been FOR EGYPT. formulated for the establishment of a Christian University for Egypt. The need for such an institution of higher education has been recognized for many years. So long ago, as in 1899, the missionaries in Cairo issued a formal though general statement, presenting this need. For a number of years, the Mission has Annual Report—Christian University for Egypt. 39 had a committee under appointment to consider the whole sub­ ject, and in particular the real need for such an institution, and then the character of the institution which is required. It was recognized that only the most cogent and compelling reasons would be sufficient to warrant launching out upon so great an undertaking. The Mission’s Committee gave careful and unhurried consideration to the question, and finally submit­ ted to the Board in 19 11 an extended and comprehensive state­ ment of the need for a Christian University in Egypt and the general character of institution that might meet that need. Realizing the seriousness of the proposal, the Board commis­ sioned its Corresponding Secretary to give special consideration to this question during his visit to Egypt in the winter of 19 11- 1912. Accordingly, a comprehensive survey of the educational situation in Egypt was planned for. Dr. T. H. P. Sailer, of New York, who has made education a specialized study, gener­ ously gave his time and services to the proposed survey. Presi­ dent R. S. McClenahan, of Assiut College, who enjoyed some fourteen, years of experience in mission work in Egypt, was released from his regular duties and cooperated in the survey. The various types of schools were studied,—Moslem, Govern­ ment, Coptic, private and mission; day schools and boarding schools; elementary, “ primary,” “ secondary,” and professional; literary and industrial; city and country. In brief, one month was given to the survey in Egypt alone; 60 different types of schools were investigated; 70 educational leaders of all types were interviewed; and a vast amount of valuable information was gathered. Following this survey, some fourteen educational missionaries were brought together for a four day conference; the information collected was criticised, discussed, and an ef­ fort was put forth to frame, on the basis of the facts discovered, a mission policy for educational work. As a result of these investigations and experiences, a com­ prehensive policy for the promotion of Christian education in the Nile Valley was proposed. It has three main features or distinctive characteristics: (1) To strengthen and make more efficient the network of schools which now look to the Mission for direction and guid­ ance. (2) To. broaden the scope and improve the equipments of those institutions which represent the highest Christian educa­ tion now offered in Egypt, viz., Assiut College and the Girls’ College at Cairo. (3) To establish at Cairo, a Christian University which will provide all Egypt and even North Africa and the Arabic-speak­ ing world with the highest education under Christian auspices. Among the considerations which have led irresistibly to this proposal are the following: 40 Annual Report—Christian University for Egypt.

(a) In all North Africa, there is no Christian University. Here are 24,000,000 people at least, using a common language, whose needs for Christian education arc becoming more acute daily and whose future leaders must ultimately require the high­ est education. No other missionary agency in North Africa is preparing to meet this need. (b) A second argument lies in the strategic relation to Islam which a Christian University at Cairo would possess. If Con­ stantinople has been the political center of Islam, and Mecca its religious center, Egypt is preeminently the intellectual center. This is a fact acknowedged throughout the Moslem world and is directly connected with the existence at Cairo of the great Moslem University, Al-Azhar. Where Islam has carried its educational development farthest, there, at that very point, should Christianity present the best it possesses of Christian education. Both the strategy of Christian missions and the challenge of Islam require this. (c) A third consideration is that the development of mission­ ary work in Egypt and of Christian education in past years now calls imperatively for an institution of the highest education. This is almost a supreme consideration. Without antecedent missionary work and Christian education, there would be neither a demand for a University nor any adequate provision for supplying such an institution with students. The past six de­ cades of missionary work, however, have brought into existence some 215 schools, with a total enrolment of 18,500 pupils. Add to this the vast student body of the Coptic community, which numbers over 600,000, and which is nominally Christian, pre~ ferring a Christian education. Add, finally, to this the enlight­ ened Moslems who seek for their children an education that will at least develop character and safeguard morality,—and one realizes the immense educational areas to which a Christian University in Egypt would minister and from which it would draw its students. It is to be remembered, too, that a Uni­ versity such as is proposed is required as an evangelistic agency for reaching the higher classes of Egyptian society and especially of Moslem society, at present entirely unreached by any other methods of work. These also must be evangel­ ized and we have no right to neglect them. (d) The fourth consideration that may he mentioned is the obligation which is laid upon our Church to take the lead in this matter. While the proposed University is to represent Protes­ tant Christianity generally, it is essential that it be properly cor­ related with the extensive educational work of our Church and Mission in Egypt. The only way to safeguard this vital point is for our Church to take the lead in promoting this institution of higher education and thus earn the right to direct the entire movement into the right channels. Annual Report—Christian University for Bgypt. 41

In submitting this important proposal to the General As­ sembly, the Board recognizes that it would be impossible to hope to secure the financial resources required for so great an enter­ prise from the sources which now minister to the regular mis­ sionary work of the Church. On the contrary, those sources of income should be safeguarded so that at no time shall this educational proposal seek for contributions which ordinarily come through congregational channels. If so great an under­ taking is to be financed, it must be by gifts solicited privately from persons of wealth not merely within the United Presby­ terian Church, but also outside this Church. It may be pointed out here that such an institution as is proposed possesses a unique advantage in its appeal to a wide circle because, among other reasons, it is to be located in a land of such rare historic interest and because it is to stand vitally related to the great Moslem problem, which affects no less than 230,000,000 souls. As the time has apparently come for action in this matter, the Board requests the General Assembly to endorse this proposal for the establishment of a Christian University at Cairo; to authorize the Board to secure as soon as necessary a charter for such an institution; and to authorize the Board to make such provision as may be necessary for its regular work, so that the Corresponding Secretary of the Board may be set largely free, during the coming year, for the work of interesting indi­ viduals in the realization of the plan for establishing this Christian University at Cairo. In making appeal for this great institution, there is need to emphasize the supreme need of prayer, for only as it is launched in prayer will it possess that spiritual character and high Chris­ tian aim which alone justify its founding.

The last Assembly recommended a re- 6. BOARD’5 vision of the Board’s Manual, which em- MANUAL AND bodies the general rules under which the REGULATIONS. Board administers the foreign missionary work of the Church. One of the chief objects in proposing a revision of the Manual at this time was that some relief might be given to the missionaries by the pro­ vision of a more adequate support. This need has been evident for many years. Repeated appeals, both formal communica­ tions of the Missions and private correspondence with the mis­ sionaries, have urged upon the Board action in this matter. Indeed, in a number of instances the limited allowances were seen to have been the cause of the undermining of health and the lessening of missionary efficiency. The Board has, there­ fore, been desirous of acting in this matter and has taken up earnestly the commission laid upon it by the last Assembly call­ ing for a revision of the Manual. An examination of the Man­ 42 Annual Report—Board’s Manual. ual has revealed the need for more extended elaborations and changes to meet fully the present requirements of the work. The Board is therefore postponing until next year the submission of the Revised Manual as a whole. The question of salaries, however, is so large a subject as to warrant its separate con- . sideration, and some relief is so urgently needed that the Board would request action upon this matter without the delay of a year. Furthermore, the present financial situation seems to make this year a suitable time for effecting changes, or at least for making a beginning in that direction. Before submitting its definite proposals, the Board would point out a fundamental principle which has governed the fix­ ing of all salaries and allowances on the foreign fields, since the very initiation of the work. It is to provide a support adequate to meet the cost of living. In other words, no distinction is made on the ground of the service rendered. It would be neither possible nor proper to attempt to estimate the financial value of the service rendered. In cases without number that service is priceless, and life is poured out without stint in the service of Christ. In fixing the salaries of missionaries, there­ fore, a very careful study of the cost of living and of the meth­ ods of work in each field is required. Of course, in the cases under consideration, we do not approach the subject without previous knowledge and experience, for we have been laboring for over a half-century in two of our mission fields and for over a decade in the Sudan. It is impracticable to detail the many facts and considerations which entered into the Board’s decision to submit the recommendations which follow, but the Board will place in the hands of the Assembly’s Committee copies of formal actions taken by our three Missions on this subject. The recommendations submitted are as follows: (1) The Foreign Board and the Women’s Board unite in recommending that the salary of each unmarried woman mission­ ary in India (doctors excepted) be advanced from $500 to $550, and of unmarried women doctors in India be advanced from $700 to $750, this rule to become effective on November first, 19 13; and that the furlough salary of all unmarried women missionaries be $40 a month. (2) The Foreign Board would further recommend the fol­ lowing salaries and allowances: (a) Children's Allowances: That these be continued throughout the furlough period; and that the annual allowance be fixed at $100 for the first ten years of each child’s life, and at $200 for the next ten years. (b) Furlough Salaries: That the salary for a married couple be fixed at $90 per month for the period prescribed for a regular furlough; and that it be fixed at $50 a month for the unmarried professional man missionary (doctor, minister, pro­ fessor). Annual Report—Special Thanks. 43 (c) Field Salary: That field salaries remain as at pres­ ent (except as modified by section (i) above) during the first regular term of service; that for the second and subsequent regular terms of service the salary be, in Egypt and the Sudan, $1500 a year for each married couple: and $850 for each un­ married professional man; in India $1320 for each married couple, and $780 for each unmarried professional man. (d) When effective: That the Board make these allowances effective at such time and rate as the financial situation may justify; the allowance for children, however, during furlough period, to become effective July 1st, 1913, on the old basis.

SPECIAL THANKS* It is with a feeling of more than ordinary gratitude to God that the Board looks back upon the year with which this Report deals. The expansion of the work, the enlarging opportunities on the foreign field, the increasing financial responsibilities of the enterprise committed to its care, unite in revealing how. in­ adequate are human resources to meet the great demands that are upon us. But “ He is able,” and again He has manifested Himself as “ the God of deliverances.” During the closing weeks of the year, when a damaging debt seemed imminent, deliver­ ance came through a tide of liberality which lifted the enterprise off the shoals upon which it seemed stranded, and enabled the Board to meet its current obligations and even reduce its debt quite materially. As in past years, the grace and goodness of God has mani­ fested itself in the lives of those who, because of their faithful­ ness and loyalty to Christ, were also faithful and loyal to the in­ terests of His Kingdom, and who labored together by agitation and prayer and gifts for the advancement of the work. To all such, the Board wishes to give assurance of its gratitude for the help they have rendered. The following persons or organizations have rendered to the cause services which call for special acknowledgment: 1. The Trustees of the Arthington Fund, who have generously contributed to the support of a missionary in the Sudan and to the publication of Professor Westermann’s new book. 2. Professor D. Westermann, who so graciously placed at the disposal of the Board and of the cause of Christ in the Sudan, his rare linguistic talents, and prepared a book of the greatest value to missions and to the linguistic sciences, entitled “The Shilluk People ; Their Language and Folklore.” 3. The Women’s Board, which has assumed such large bur­ dens in connection with the missionary work in all three fields and which has carried these burdens successfully, through the strong faith and devoted sacrifices of its members and its con- stituency. 44 Annual Report—Special Thanks.

4. The Church papers, the Christian Union Herald, the United Presbyterian, the Christian Instructor, the Women’s Magazine, and the Men’s Record and Missionary Review, which gave liberal space to articles presenting the needs and the developments of the work. 5. The Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in America generously contributing the support of Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer and permitting us to claim his services as a mission­ ary associated with our Mission in Egypt through the courtesy of the Reformed Church in America. 6. The following persons who have contributed $100 or more: Mrs. William Flinn; “J. B.,” Davenport, N. Y .; Miss Chris­ tina Arbuckle; Mrs. K. A. Jamieson; Mrs. Louisa M. Junk; Mrs. Margaret Junk McDowell-; Mrs. Ruth Junk Campbell; Mr. and Mrs. W. P. Fraser; “Friends of Missions,” Mt. Pleas­ ant, Penna.; “ A Contributor,” Jersey City, N. J . ; “A Friend,” Riverside, Cal.; Miss J. K. Denham; “A Friend,” per Rev. J. M. Atchison, D .D .; Miss Mary L. Kennedy; Mrs. T. B. Black- stone; Mr. and Mrs. Charles T. Fullwood; Mr. H. J. Ward; “Glad Tidings;” “A Friend of Missions;” Mr. William Wright; Messrs. Bogle Bros.; Mr. F. G. Bogle; Mr. William Galloway; Mr. E. D. Reynolds; Rev. H. J. Bell; Mr. E . S. Harkness; Mr. J. M. Brown; Mr. A. M. Thompson; “A Friend of Missions,” Allegheny, Penna.; Kyle Memorial Fund from “Five Friends;” Cash, Pittsburgh, Penna.; Mrs. Eleanor Hanna Gray Memorial from Miss Mary Gray; Mr. E. B. Mahood; Rev. Henry Wal­ lace, L L.D .; Memorial to Mrs. Henry Woods, by her daughter, Mrs. Roberts Le Boutillier; “ Two Visitors;” Prof. and Mrs. O. S. Johnston; Mrs. Ada Pringle; “Given for Foreign Mis­ sions;” Individuals, Wheeling Presbytery; “A Friend;” Mr. Andrew L. Wright; In Memory of Mrs. Nannie Anderson, de­ ceased; Rev. R. G. Ferguson, D.D., LL.D.; “A Friend,” New- ville, Penna.; Mr. M. Porter; Messrs. Johnston Bros.; “A Friend of Missions,” Philadelphia, Penna.; Mr. James Hoven; Mr. and Mrs. Peter McCornack; Dr. S. C. Shane; Mrs. N. F. McCormack; The Davidson Family; Mr. Percy L. Craig; Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Wilson; Mr. A. B. Hamilton; Miss Mary Erwin; “Friends,” per Mr. T. L. Hultz; Mr. Robert S. Lee; Miss Sarah D. Elliott; “A Friend;” “Friend of Missions;” Mr. D. T. Reed; Mr. W. J. McLean; Mr. Fred O. Shane; The Philadelphia Magazine Club, per Dr. G. F. Scouller. M. G. K Y L E , President. CHARLES R. WATSON, Corresponding Secretary. GEORGE INNES, Associate Secretary. C. S. CLELAND, Recording Secretary. ROBERT L. LATIMER, Treasurer. Philadelphia, April 30, 1913. APPENDIX A.

TREASURER’S REPORT For year ending April 30th, IP 13

RECEIPTS. SCHEDULE A. Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. Presbyteries ...... $222,086 43 Sabbath Schools ...... 13,722 76 Individuals ...... 10,482 50 Young People’s Societies ...... 4,643 54 Bequests ...... 10,398 70 Ladies’ Missionary Societies ...... 291 75 Interest ...... 1,265 25 Endowed Funds Income ...... 1,724 97 Miscellaneous Funds ...... 9,478 16 Total Appropriation ...... $274,094 06 SCHEDULE B. Women’s Board— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly ...... 97,683 52 SCH ED U LE C. Endowed Funds, Principal and Income and Miscellaneous Funds— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly ...... 76,275 70 SCH ED U LE D. Investments and Loans— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly ...... 48,269 40

Total from all Sources ...... $496,322 68 Balance in Egypt from preceding fiscal year, merged into this year ...... 4,497 05 Balance in India from preceding fiscal year, merged into this year ...... 2,006 91 Balance in Sudan from preceding fiscal year, merged into this year ...... 5,816 51 Balance, April 30, 1912 ...... 10,274 54

$518,917 69 DISBURSEMENTS. SCHEDULE A. Egyptian Mission ...... $163,525 36 SCH ED U LE B. India Mission ...... 151,499 62 SCH EDU LE C. Sudan Mission ...... 36,115 50 SCH ED U LE D, Expense of Missionaries outside of Fields 32,008 09 SCH ED U LE E. Miscellaneous Funds ...... 6,100 59 SCH ED U LE F. Interest on Loans and Annuities ...... 4,559 26 SC H E D U LE G. Administrative Expenses ...... 17,336 88 SCHEDULE H. Investments and Loans ...... 69,213 25

Total Disbursements ...... $480,358 55 Balance, General Fund, April 30, 1913___ 38,559 14

$518,917 69 46 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer. DETAILED STATEIMiEIsrT RECEIPTS. SCHEDULE A. Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly— Sect. 1—From Direct Contributions— Presbyteries ...... $222,086 43 Sabbath Schools ...... 13,722 76 Individuals ...... 10,482 50 Young People’s Societies ...... 4,643 54 Bequests ...... 10,398 70 Ladies’ Missionary Societies ...... 291 75 Interest ...... 1,265 25 - — $262,890 93 Sect. 2—Endowment Funds Income— Sterrett and Agnes Cummins Memorial Fund $ 59 40 James Junk Fund ...... 300 00 Ella Jane Dysart Fund ...... 30 00 L. and M. E. A. Fund ...... 60 00 James S. McNary Fund ...... 195 00 Mary L. Pratt Fund ...... 18 00 Mary Sterritt Memorial Fund ...... 28 58 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund ...... 39 00 Mrs. Jane E. Mack Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Eliza Christie Fund ...... 459 99 Joseph and Eliza Barr Memorial Fund 95 00 Elizabeth Adair Currie Fund ...... 120 00 James and Agnes Sankey Memorial Fund 60 00 Rev. W. W. Barr, D.D., Memorial Fund 30 00 Robertson Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial Scholarship... 50 00 Mrs. Agnes A. Clark, Jessie and Mary Clark Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Thomas S. and Mary J. McClanahan Mem­ orial Fund ...... 60 00 McCarrell-Moore Fund ...... 30 00 ------1,724 97 Sect. 3— Miscellaneous Funds— Sudan Fund ...... $ 2,853 12 New Missionaries Fund ...... 5,661 79 Matured Annuity Donation ...... 963 25 ------9,478 16 Total on Appropriation of the General A ssem bly ...... $274,094 06

SCHEDULE B. WOMEN'S BOARD Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. Egyptian Mission— Salaries ...... $ 15,190 00 Furlough Salaries ...... 2,210 00 Estim ates ...... 17,414 00 Specials ...... 597 00 Traveling Expenses ...... 2,423 00 India Mission— Salaries ...... 19,670 00 Furlough Salaries ...... 1,890 00 Estim ates ...... 15,972 00 Specials ...... 13,310 61 Traveling Expenses ...... 2,526 01 Allowance to Children ...... 200 00 Sudan Mission— Salaries ...... 1,463 00 Furlough Salaries ...... 120 00 E stim ates ...... 4,118 00 Traveling Expenses ...... 579 90 - ■$ 97,683 52 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer. 47

SCHEDULE C. Endowed and Miscellaneous Funds— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. Sect. 1—Endowed Funds, Principal— Annuity Fund L...... $ 20,800 00 Kenneth Wilson Smith Memorial Fund ...... 250 00 McCarrell-Moore Fund ...... 1,000 00 Nelson Pratt Memorial Fund ...... 1,000 00 ------? 23,050 00 Sect. 2—Endowed Funds, Income— Rev. John B. Dales, D.D., Semi-Centennial Fund 250 00 Mrs. Eliza J. Dales Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Mr. and Mrs. Geo. S. Brush Endowment Fund ...... 60 00 Egyptian Trust Fund ...... 171 01 John S. Fowler Egyptian Orphanage Fund ...... 594 61 Wallace Kidd Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Matthew Niekle Memorial Fund in Trust ...... 51 00 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 764 82 Margaret Wilson Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Robert Dwight Foster Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,129 84 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... 672 97 Pressly Memorial Fund ...... 332 87 Campbell B. Herron Memorial Fund ...... 180 00 Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial Fund ...... 210 00 Annuity Fund, General ...... 2,013 46 Annuity Fund, Special ...... 440 00 Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund ...... 42 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial Bed ...... 50 00 Charity Porter Memorial Fund ...... 57 00 ------? 7,229 58 Sect. 3— Miscellaneous Funds— Specials to Egypt ...... $ 1,171 66 Girls’ College, Cairo ...... 2,000 00 Assiut College ...... t ----- 9,900 00 Library Endowment Fund, Assiut College ...... 1,150 00 Pressly Memorial Institute, Income Riverside Irrigation District Bond ...... 15 00 Ella O. Kyle Memorial ...... 1,000 00 Specials to India ...... 3,008 77 India Famine Orphans’ Fund ...... 62 85 Sargodha Mission School Buildings v...... 230 00 Martinpur School, India ...... ' ...... 151 30 Special Bequest to India, Estate of J. L. Browne, Deceased ...... 2,000 00 Urdu P salter Fund, India ...... 66 00 Nelson Pratt Boys’ School, Martinpur, India ...... 1,000 00 Specials to Sudan ...... 265 00 James A. Elliott, Sudan'Boat ...... 50 00 Sudan Orphanage ...... 45 00 Robert Arthington Donation ...... 1,228 10 Semi-Centennial Fund ...... 10 00 Ladies’ Missionary Societies, for account Women’s Board ...... 357 25 Miss Lyda F. Lantz Special ...... 300 00 Special Traveling Refund ...... 32 40 Women’s Board for Account of First Wilkinsburg, Pa., Congregation ...... 600 00 Women’s Board for Account of Piqua, Ohio, Y. P. C. U. 10 00 Elm Grove Cemetery Stock Income ...... 40 50 China Famine Relief Fund ...... 69 05 Special Furlough Account ...... 20 00 ' $ 24,782 88

Sect. 4—Special School Funds— Gujranwala, India ...... $ 18,741 01 Alexandria, Egypt ...... 2,472 23 ------$ 21,213 24 48 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer.

SCHEDULE D. Investments and Loans— Not Applicable on the Appropriation at the General Assem bly. Matured Mortgages ...... $ 11,769 40 Leans ...... 36,500 00 ------$ 48,269 40

DISBURSEMENTS. SCHEDULE A. Egyptian M ission- Remitted and paid for Egyptian Account...... $141,432 72 Specials to Egypt ...... 1,768 66 John S. Fowler Egyptian Orphanage ...... 594 61 . Pressly Memorial Institute ...... 347 87 Girls’ College, Cairo ...... 2,000 00 Assiut College ...... ;.. 9,900 00 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,129 84 Egyptian Trust Fund ...... 171 01 Campbell B. Herron Memorial Fund ...... 180 00 Wallace Kidd Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Eliza J. Dales Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Rev. John B. Dales, D.D., Semi-Centennial Fund.... 125 00 Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial Fund ...... 210 00 Pressly Fund ...... 242 92 Theological Seminary Endowments ...... 500 00 Robert Dwight Foster Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Rev. W. W. Barr, D.D., Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial Bed ...... 50 00 New School, Alexandria ...... 2,472 23 Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund ...... 42 00 Library Endowment Fund, Assiut College ...... 1,150 AO Charity Porter Memorial Fund ...... 28 50 Ella O. K yle M em orial ...... 1,000 00 ------$163,525 36

SC H ED U LE B. India Mission— Remitted and paid for India Account ...... $111,704 00 Specials to India ...... *...... 16,319 38 India Famine Orphans ...... 62 85 Gujranwala School ...... 15,985 50 Gujranwala Boarding School ...... 2,755 51 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 764 82 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... 306 76 Rev. John B. Dales, D.D., Semi-Centennial Fund 125 00 Sargodha Mission School Buildings 1...... 230 00 Charity Porter Memorial Fund ...... 28 50 Martinpur School ...... 151 30 Special Bequest ...... 2,000 00 Urdu Psalter Fund ...... 66 00 Nelson Pratt Boys’ School ...... 1,000 00 ------$151,499 62

SCHEDULE C. Sudan Mission— Remitted and paid for Sudan A ccount ...... $ 32,914 00 Specials to Sudan ...... 1,330 97 Jam es A. E lliott Sudan B oat ...... 50 00 Margaret Wilson Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Robert Arthington Fund, Paid Dietrich, Reimer and E rnst ...... 937 17 Sudan O rphanage ...... 45 00 Bequest, Estate of Josephine C. Stiles, Deceased 778 36 ------$ 86,115 50 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer. 49

SCHEDULE D. Expense of Missionaries Outside of Fields— Traveling Expenses, Egyptian Missionaries ...... $ 6,011 10 Traveling Expenses, India Missionaries ...... 5,797 42 Traveling Expenses, Sudan Missionaries ...... 2,205 45 Outfit, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 450 00 Outfit, India Missionaries ...... 900 00 Outfit, Sudan M issionaries ...... 150 00 Tuition Allowance, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 432 76 Tuition Allowance, India Missionaries ...... 570 00 Furlough Salaries, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 6,216 30 Furlough Salaries, India Missionaries ...... 7,376 07 Furlough Salaries, Sudan Missionaries ...... 620 00 Children of Egyptian Missionaries ...... 250 00 Children of India Missionaries ...... 928 69 Children of Sudan Missionaries ...... 100 00 ------$ 32,008 09

SC H ED U LE E. Miscellaneous Funds— Samuel Kerr Fund, Annuity Interest ...... $ 373 00 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund in Trust ...... 51 00 Legal Expenses ...... 26 70 Taxes ...... 39 75 Insurance ...... 9 36 Emergency Fund ...... 1,245 14 Special Account, Prof. W. H. Merriam ...... 925 00 Special Allowance, Mrs. H. L. Brandon ...... 500 00 Million Dollar Committee Expense ...... 1,701 49 Million Dollar Committee Expense, Special Publicity... 213 20 Women’s Board Account, First Wilkinsburg, Pa., Con­ gregation ...... 600 00 Women’s Board Account, Piqua, Ohio, Y. P. C.U 10 00 Women’s Board Travel to New Wilmington Conference 25 85 Travel to World in Baltimore ...... 27 34 Medical Examination ...... 23 33 China Famine Relief, Paid Jacob H. Schiff, Treasurer 84 22 Miss C. M. W . F oster Trust Fund ...... 60 00 General Assembly Traveling Expense ...... 185 21 ------$ 6,100 59

SCHEDULE F. Interest— On Loans ...... 1,895 80 On Annuities ...... 2,013 46 On Annuity, Special ...... 650 00 ------$ 4,559 26

SCHEDULE G. Administrative Expenses— Salary, Corresponding Secretary ...... 2,500 00 Salary, Treasurer ...... 500 00 Salary, Associate Secretary ...... 2,000 00 Traveling Expenses, Corresponding Secretary ...... 154 79 Traveling Expenses, Associate Secretary ...... 385 79 Clerical Allowance, Corresponding Secretary ...... 3,571 49 Clerical A llow ance, Treasurer ...... 746 00 Laymen’s Missionary Campaign ...... 973 02 Printing, Postage, Rent, Office and GeneralExpenses.. 6,299 72 Miscellaneous Expenses, General ...... 206 07 ------$ 17,336 88

SCHEDULE H. Investments . $ 32,863 25 Loans Repaid 36,350 00 ------$ 69,213 25 50 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer.

INDEBTEDNESS.

Due Reserve Fund ... ------$43,374 52 M issions, eta . .-$446 18 O utstanding Loans, etc. . . . 39,327 91 Cash B alance, A p ril 30, 1913 38,659 14 ------. D eficit, A p ril 30, 1913 88,697 11 $82,702 4S -■■■'¡r-r1-.------$82,702 43

EGYPT, THE HOT OP THE MOSLEM WOULD. By common consrnt, the center o f Islam must lie within the circle o f the Arabian speaking peoples, fo r the sacred language o f Islam is Arabic. O f the 45,000,000 Moslems who speak Arabic, 10 ,000,000 are to be found in Egypt, constituting the largest cohesive political unit. Here also is found the Athar, Islam*sgreatest University a n d Theological School. A GENERAL CONFERENCE OF MISSIONARIES IN EGYPT. Some sixty-five missionaries, connected with the American (Lnited Presbyterian) Mission in Egypt, met at Schulz neat Ac a r ^ n ^ ^ i ' f ' '2 a and “""fi"’"»*'™ «■«•’ the missionary situation in Egypt'. The CTor* rspott dt n& S s< x tar v nj the ttoatti rt as *,»

APPENDIX B.

findings o f t h e g e n e r a l c o n fer e n c e

OF THE

“AMERICAN MISSION,”

HELD AT SCHÜTZ, EGYPT, APRIL 28t h t o M a y 6t h , 1912.

A Conference of some sixty-five missionaries, connected with the American (United Presbyterian) Mission in Egypt, met at Schütz, near Alexandria, to consider in a broad and comprehensive way the missionary situation in the Nile Valley. The Conference continued through eight days. A carefully pre­ pared program provided for the fullest and freest discussion of present-day missionary conditions, methods, and needs in Egypt. Sharing in the deliberations of the Conference were thirty men and thirty-five women under permanent appointment as missionaries to Egypt, together with the Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions in America, the Rev. Charles R. Watson, and also the Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, of Arabia. The following findings were adopted, by unanimous vote, as expressing the conclusions of the Conference after a careful study and extended discussions of the missionary situation in Egypt:—

I. GRATITUDE TO GOD. We, first of all, recognize anew and with deepest gratitude the goodness which God has shown to our Mission during the fifty-eight years of its history. Feeble and small indeed were the beginnings of this under­ taking more than a half-century ago, and weak and unworthy have been the human agencies at work during all these years, yet God by His bless­ ing has granted successes and made achievements possible, altogether out of proportion to our human investments of life and of money, of time, talent, and equipment. From the standpoint of numbers, there is abundant ground for rejoicing as we survey to-day a work enlisting in its service eighty-seven missionaries and their wives, sixty-one native ordained ministers, five hundred and nine teachers in schools and col­ leges, and one hundred and sixteen other Christian workers, while over 52 Annual Report—Appendix B. eleven thousand communicants are to be found in our seventy-six or­ ganized congregations or their out-stations, and over seventeen thousand are enrolled in our Sabbath-schools. But more gratifying still than this growth in numbers is the development of the corporate life of the native Evangelical Church with its Synod and four presbyteries and with its progressive efforts towards self-support, self-government, and self-exten­ sion. To the corporate life of the Church there should be added as a ground for thanksgiving, the development of an institutional life which can only be the product of decades of growth, and which gives us to-day well-organized missionary institutions, both educational and medical. Neither is the great value of a missionary experience of almost six decades to be overlooked, for it is this experience that safeguards the value of both present and future efforts. Lastly, there is occasion for appreciating the-prestige which the Mission has gained, with the Government on the one hand, and with the communities to which it ministers on the other hand, because, of its consistent policies of fairness and firmness. In all of these achievements and attainments we recognize the good hand of God as the real source of the blessings and power which have marked our labors.

II. THE UNFINISHED TASK. A careful survey of the field by districts has, however, brought an almost overwhelming consciousness of the greatness of the task which vet remains to be performed in the evangelization of Egypt. With all our progress and successes, there is in all Egypt but one Evangelical Christian Church member to every 58 Orthodox Copts, and to every 895 Mohammedans. In the city of Cairo, there is but one to every 83 Copts and to every 1201 Mohammedans, while in the Delta as a whole the pro­ portion is but one Evangelical Christian Church member to every 341 Copts and to every 14,469 Mohammedans. The entire native Protestant com­ munity of Upper Egypt, communicants and adherents, could, so far as numbers is concerned, be crowded into four-fifths of the single town of Assiut, leaving a vast population of 4,626,260 yet to be reached; while the native Protestant community of Cairo and the Delta is less than the population of the small suburban town of Helwan, leaving 6,626,000 yet to be reached. To this general need there are to be added special needs within cer­ tain clearly defined areas or classes. Among the 635,012 Bedouins of Egypt, there is practically no missionary work done. O f the 10,269,449 Mohammedans, it is not thought that the existing agencies of all Chris­ tian. Missions in Egypt are reaching more than 1,000,000. Of 3621 towns and villages, not more than 360 have any regular missionary work carried on in them. In the entire district of Behera with its 798,473 souls, there is only one native evangelist working regularly. To occupy this field there must be a material increase in the number of workers, both native and foreign; the increase of American mission­ aries which is required, calls for a doubling of the present force within the next five years. To occupy the field, there must also be displayed the greatest possible wisdom both in missionary strategy and in the conser­ vation of missionary resources, and there must be, above all, for the entire missionary enterprise the reinforcement of a spiritual revival and of a divine quickening. Annual Report—Appendix B. 53

III. THE COPTIC CHURCH. A study of the condition of the Coptic Church shows much ground for gratification in the signs of advancement which are discernible among many members of this ancient Oriental Church. An increasing use of Arabic in the church services in place of the unintelligible Coptic language, an increasing use of the Scriptures as a part of these services, the intro­ duction of preaching or Bible exposition in some places, the opening of work for women and of schools for girls, and the moral stand and spirit of moderation displayed by the Coptic Congress,—these are among the encouraging signs of progress observed within the Coptic Church. It is to be recognized, however, that the progress noted is of an intellectual rather than of a spiritual character, and that while the Coptic laity has revealed a spirit of progress, the Coptic hierarchy still remains for the most part indifferent to that which makes for the highest morality, spiri­ tuality and religious enlightenment. In many of the village's of the Delta and in some other sections of Egypt, the condition of the Coptic com­ munity is scarcely distinguishable from that of the Moslem community. Toward this historic Church whose organization and membership invest it with tremendous possibilities of influence in the life of the Nation, if once it be reclaimed from errors of doctrine and practice and from deadness of life, we would express our profound interest and our deep Christian sympathy. While history has vindicated the wisdom of the- founders of our Mission in establishing an Evangelical Church in Egypt and in gathering into it those spiritually enlightened and regenerated through the preaching of the Gospel, yet we declare again that it is a vital part of our Mission’s policy to do everything possible to bring en­ lightenment and quickening to the Coptic Church so that, purified and baptized with power, it may once more become a vital force for the up­ lift of Egypt and for the extension of the Kingdom of God throughout the Nile Valley.

IV. MOHAMMEDANISM, Our survey of Islam in Egypt has brought to us a new sense of the immensity and of the seriousness of the task before us in making Christ known to this Moslem world. More than 91 per cent, of the population of Egypt is Moslem. Islam is, therefore, the supreme problem of Missions in Egypt. A study, therefore, should be made to discover how all mis­ sionary effort and influence may be most definitely and effectively focused upon this central problem of Missions in Egypt,—Islam. To such special effort in behalf of Moslems God is calling us not only by His assignment to us of a field in which Moslems preponderate so greatly, but also by doors of opportunity which His providence has opened up and by an era of responsiveness which has been ushered in through the manifest operations of His Holy Spirit. To-day as never before there is manifest among Moslems an interest in Christianity and its teach­ ings. Copies of the Scriptures and religious tracts are being bought and read by Moslems to an extent unparallelled in the past history of.Islam. A spirit of religious inquiry is manifest among many Moslems, even of those who are recognized as sheikhs or religious tcachers. The attend- 54 Annual Report—Appendix B.

ance of Moslems is increasing in both the regular and special meetings held under Christian auspices. Requests for baptism on the part of Mos­ lems are not infrequent. Two who were born Moslems may now be found in attendance at our Theological Seminary. Where, formerly, few Moslems were willing to listen to Christian teachings, now, few there are who refuse to listen when approached. To an attitude of critical and often of sympathetic interest in Chris­ tianity, there must be added, as accentuating the present day opportunity for work among Moslems, a spirit of unrest in Moslem circles and an increasing effort to discover ways by which Islamic standards and prac­ tices, Islamic laws and institutions, may undergo such revision and re­ construction as will enable them to retain the respect and command the allegiance of a Moslem public which is advancing in knowledge and en­ lightenment. In these and in other operations of the Holy Spirit within the Moslem world of Egypt, there comes a call which is loud and clear, insistent and commanding, urging to immediate and more earnest effort to present to Moslems Him through Whom alone the Moslem world may be saved. In the enlarged and more aggressive missionary efforts which are to be put forth in behalf of Moslems, we recognize the advantage which may be gained by a specialized knowledge of the history, the, doctrinal posi­ tions and the practices of Islam, but we would also emphasize anew the importance of a Christlike love as the dominating motive and as the supremely effective method fr work among Moslems.

V. THE NATIVE EVANGELICAL CHURCH. The native Evangelical Church of Egypt represents a force for the extension of the Kingdom of Christ in the Nile Valley whose existence may well be the ground both for gratitude to God and for great hope for the future. The numerical strength of this Church may be appreciated when we remember that it has 76 organized congregations, 61 ordained ministers, 11,464 members, constituting a native evangelical community of some 30,000 souls. To this must be added a strength of organization, a thoroughness of indoctrination, a knowledge of the Scriptures and a commendable zeal for service, which give great assurance for the future. Recent spiritual movements, such as manifested themselves at the General Conference at Sanabo and the Women’s Conference at Assiut, and a. new development of interest in work for Moslems, afford great encouragement. Nevertheless it is well to lay a new emphasis on the high ideals, as yet unattained, which we cherish for this Evangelical Church of Egypt. This Church should hold before it nothing less than a national ideal. That the unfortunate divisions of Western Christianity may not project themselves to this mission field, this Evangelical Church should seek to make itself worthy of representing for all Egypt that broad and evangelical faith which is based wholly upon the teachings of the Word of God, and that earnest passion for evangelism which will ever purify its life and justify its existence. It should set before it the high and noble ambition to be the National Evangelical Church of Egypt, not in any spirit of self seek­ ing but in a triumphant faith in the high calling of God and the leader­ ship of Christ the Head of the Church. To develop and strengthen the Evangelical Church, the following needs are presented Annual Report—Appendix B. 55

(a) There is a most urgent need for the immediate assignment of two experienced American missionaries, (whose number should be increased as soon as possible to four) to the work of visiting the native pastors and their congregations for the purpose of establishing and maintaining a sympathetic contact between the Mission and the native Church, thus providing the native Church also with that spiritual leadership which it needs to enable it to realize its high calling, and thus placing also at the disposal of the native Church the very best which the Churches of the West have to offer in both spiritual truth and methods of Christian ser­ vice. (b) There is need for the development in the native Church of a more earnest spirit of evangelism. To this end students in the Theologi­ cal Seminary might well be given one year or more of special practical training as evangelists under the guidance of an evangelistic missionary before they are thrust out into pastorates. Native Egyptian evangelists should be sought for, who may minister as evangelists to the organized congregations of Egypt. Special courses should be provided at Assiut or elsewhere, to give training in evangelistic methods to young men who are ready to serve as lay workers. Above all, that conception of the Christian life should be presented insistently and persuasively which claims every Church member as a missionary and lays upon all the obli­ gation of bringing others to Christ.

(c) There is need also for the fullest cultivation of the spirit of liber­ ality and of Christian stewardship in the native Church. To this end, the Church should be urged to become self-supporting as soon as possible and to undertake constantly enlarging home and foreign missionary opera­ tions. For the purpose of distinguishing between self-support and mis­ sionary effort, and to bring the latter into greater prominence, it seems wise to constitute separate funds for these two causes and to urge the appointment of a joint and yet independent Board of Missions, of Egyp­ tians and Americans, to direct the missionary operations of the “mission fund'’ ; representation upon this Board being on the basis of the amounts contributed to the fund by the native Church and by the American Mis­ sion respectively. It is also desirable that suitable and up-to-date meth­ ods of Church finance be introduced as rapidly as possible into all con­ gregations and that American missionaries serve with Egyptians upon Committees to which is entrusted this task of developing the spirit of liberality in the native Church.

(d) The supreme need of the native Church and of the entire missionary force is, however, a spiritual quickening such as can only come through a baptism of the Holy Spirit. Only so can life be purged of sin and be­ come a powerful witness to the power of the Gospel. Only so can Church methods and machinery and organization thrill with life and power. Only so can friction be removed and the gap between Western and Eastern viewpoints be bridged. Only so can the spirit of evangelism be renewed and love for souls become a veritable passion. Only so can the Evangeli­ cal Church be willing to lay down its life, if need be, for the winning of Moslem Egypt to Christ. Only so can this Church be enabled to see ? and then to realize its high calling to become the National Evangelical Church of Egypt. A mighty spiritual revival is the supreme need of Egypt to-day. 56 Annual Report—Appendix B.

VI. EVANGELISTIC METHODS. The evangelization of Egypt calls for the reinforcement of existing missionary work by the use of aggressive evangelistic methods which will project farther afield the influence of existing work and provide a more pervasive and diffusive form of missionary effort. This calls for not less than one evangelistic missionary for each district whose special duty it will be to press out into territories now untouched by regular missionary work and to develop, whether through workers of the native Church or through independent workers, a force which will aim at the evangelization of Egypt. Naturally, the Moslems must constitute the chief objective in all such work, since they constitute more than nine- tenths of the whole population of the country. It is essential in this work that each evangelistic missionary regard himself as a general for the direction and inspiration of the forces at his > disposal. By working with them, by directing their movements, by calling them in frequently to some center for conferences, and especiall}” by giving himself person­ ally to his workers for their inspiration and guidance, the evangelistic missionary will be able to best forward the special work committed to him. Among subsidiary methods for promoting the work are the following: A campaign of education as to the importance and methods of evangel­ ism, to be carried on through the Church papers in Egypt; the promotion of special evangelistic meetings in the native congregations; the distribu­ tion by the missionary of carefully selected leaflets or books on evangel­ ism.

VII. BOOK WORK. Recent years having witnessed a remarkable advance in education, a corresponding increase of interest in reading has developed throughout the country. Unfortunately, this appetite for reading has been made the occasion for the extensive sale and circulation of a demoralizing and de­ basing type of literature, much of it consisting of translations of corrupt­ ing Western novels. There is every need for taking advantage of this public interest in books for the distribution of both moral and religious works. To the time honored labors of the American Bible Society and the British and Foreign Bible Society in distributing the Scriptures, there are now added the most effective efforts of the Nile Mission Press which both produces and distributes moral and religious literature so prepared as to awaken popular interest. Whether through this agency or other­ wise, there is need for the development of a far reaching and yet well directed and carefully supervised system of colportage which may be cor­ related with the evangelistic methods promoted in the several districts. To make this colportage work thoroughly effective,, each missionary in charge of such work will need to become informed as to the character of available literature and also to keep abreast of new leaflets or books constantly appearing. In the cities and large centers, reading rooms should be opened, possessing social attractiveness and equipped with cir­ culating libraries. Annual Report—Appendix B. 57

VIII. WOMEN’S WORK. A survey of our Mission field and work makes it necessary to lay a new emphasis upon the importance of women’s work. The laws of se­ clusion placing the larger part of Egypt's womanhood beyond the reach of ordinary missionary agencies, the numerical, importance of reaching this half of the country’s population, the debasing influence of Moslem home and social conditions, the remarkable successes achieved in the past by work for women in Egypt and the almost unlimited opportunity which exists of entering Egyptian homes for purposes of instruction and evan­ gelization,—unite in making a powerful appeal for the immediate enlarge­ ment of women’s work. A doubling of the present American woman missionary force is required to meet the present need and opportunity. For the further development of Bible Women’s Work, the following methods are proposed: that where their numbers will justify it, practical courses of training be provided for those now in service; that institutes for Bible women be held either independently or in conjunction with other Conferences; that an effort be made to enlist a few workers of the very highest standard who may help to raise the standard of both workers and work; that this work be dignified by higher salaries making possible better trained workers; that literature and courses be prepared for the guidance and help of Bible women; and, finally, that this work be pre­ sented to those graduating from our girls’ schools and colleges as a work worthy of the best service of Christian womanhood. For the development of work among women who are members or ad­ herents of the Evangelical Church, it is indispensable that a special de­ partment be made of this work and that a General Secretary and at least three District or Presbyterial Secretaries be appointed. The Huda, the Arabic Church paper, should also be used to present methods and ma­ terial for conducting women’s prayer-meetings and missionary meetings. Mothers’ meetings and sewing circles are also proposed. A supremely important and far reaching opportunity exists for the fullest development and use of volunteer women workers from our best Protestant families, such as have been produced through the spiritual impulses of the Assiut Women’s Conference. Such conferences as the latter are to be given the highest place as methods of influencing women for the service of Christ.

IX. EDUCATIONAL WORK. The following findings, presented by the Educational Conference held at Assiut, January 29th to February 2nd, 1912, are heartily endorsed as a result of a further survey of the educational situation at the General Conference at Schütz, April 29th to May 5th, 1912, and are embodied here as a part of the findings of this General Conference. I. The importance and value of missionary educational work in the past have abundant witness borne to them not only within missionary cir­ cles but even outside these circles. The solid achievements of a half- century of missionary effort, the development of a native Evangelical Church with a stable and sturdy corporate life, the liberal provision of leaders for Christian work, the presence in all ranks of society of those either professing Christianity or favorable to it—these all are results 58 Annual Report—Appendix B.

traceable to the splendid work of missionary education in Egypt during the past. Abundant testimony is at hand also from public men, officials of experience and judgment in Egyptian educational affairs, setting forth the value and service to the nation rendered by missionary education in the Valley of the Nile. For this noble record of the past there is occa­ sion for profound gratitude to God, and for a renewed appreciation of the services rendered by those whose lives are built into this record. 2. A study of the modern educational situation in Egypt reveals the fact that developments of far-reaching significance have taken place, affecting vitally the character, methods, and conditions of all educational work. The invasion of the East by Western ideas and learning has resulted in a modification of even the most conservative type of Moslem education—that of the Azhar. Dissolution or reformation seems immi­ nent here. In more liberal circles, the passion for education continues unabated but seems to be crystallizing into certain definite educational moulds, following, unfortunately, the unelastic and narrow curriculum of the Government. This curriculum, prepared for civil service training, is commonly recognized as unsuitable for general and popular education, but its dominance over the entire educational life of Egypt so far as boys are concerned is now sweeping and almost absolute. Liberty still con­ tinues only in the education of girls. Meanwhile a new educational movement has appeared whose financial resources at least bespeak for it a great future. It is the system of education just being launched undet the Provincial Councils. Its development has not yet proceeded far enough to make it possible to characterize it with definiteness or assurance. The drift from ancient Islamic traditions, the continued popular eagerness for education, the dominance of the Government curriculum and the rise of Provincial Councils’ schools—these constitute the chief features of the present educational situation. 3. Weighing carefully the significance of recent educational changes and recognizing the exacting conditions of the modern educational world, we believe it to be the part of supreme strategy, first of all, to strengthen existing missionary work. Phenomenal advances in education in Egypt will no longer tolerate moderate efficiency and inadequate equipment in work. Efficiency must be secured even at the sacrifice of enlargement of educational work. Quantity must be sacrificed, where necessary, to quality. No new school preparing for the present government primary or secondary certificates and dependent upon the Mission for support, with the exception of the Cairo Central Boys’ School, should be developed, while existing schools should carefully determine the number of scholar: which their staff and equipment will enable them to minister to efficiently and should refuse admittance to a greater number.

4. We recommend the institution of a system of school inspection w ith one inspector (or more) who shall be a missionary qualified by special training for this work and giving his whole time to this work of super­ vision. Co-operating in this work and in the development of an educa­ tional policy, there should be constituted a permanent General Educa­ tional Committee of the Mission with subordinate Committees for Upper and Lower Egypt. By an adequate system of school inspection, we be­ lieve (a) that greater teaching efficiency can be secured in our C h ristia n Evangelical schools, (b) that missionaries in charge of districts will thus be relieved of technical s.qhool supervision and be set free for more di­ Annual Report—Appendix B. 59

rect evangelistic work in their schools, (c) that the educational work of the several districts will become more unified and better correlated, (d) that more efficient and scientific methods will be discovered and applied in our educational work, and (e) that a powerful impulse may be given also to schools under the care of the native Church.

'5, We also believe that there is an urgent need for teacher-training. This will call (a) for teacher-training courses at such schools are are now sending out teachers, (b) for the establishment ultimately of a strong teacher-training school at some suitable center, (c) for the organization of teachers’ institutes or summer schools, and (d) for reaching teachers by correspondence giving to them suggestions and inspiration. To ac­ quaint missionaries engaged in educational work with the best educational methods of the West, we believe further that provision should be made for special study on their part along these lines during their periods of furloughs.

6. To provide for the needs of the highest Christian education in Egypt, we believe that an institution of higher education should be es­ tablished in the Delta, with a foundation and with resources making pos­ sible its development into a Christian University for the entire Valley of the Nile. Such an institution would, of course, meet immediate needs for higher Christian education in Cairo and the Delta, but more especially is it needed as a capstone to all Christian and missionary effort in the Nile Valley and to the extensive and well organized system of Christian education which exists in Egypt as a result of the past fifty years of American missionary effort. It is demanded by the total absence of any Christian University either in Egypt or in all Northern Africa. If ade­ quately equipped, its establishment in Egypt and at Cairo—the educational centre of Islam—would be of strategic value to Christian missions through­ out the world in connection with every effort to reach the Moslem world.

7. We believe that steps should be taken to discover some method of approaching the Government successfully to urge that in the educational system of Egypt the Christian Sabbath be permitted to Christians and that some provision be made in the Government curriculum for a broader and more elastic training than that now presented in the secondary cur­ riculum. We also believe that Provincial Councils should be approached to urge upon them the granting of suitable educational privileges to na­ tive Christians or the giving of aid to native Christian schools. W e also believe that steps should be taken to secure closer co-operation with the liberal Coptic leaders in the development of Christian education, and in the introduction of Sabbath Schools in connection with Coptic Schools. 8. In view of the almost complete absence of vital Christian instruction in non-mission schools of Egypt, we believe that a new emphasis should be placed upon religious and moral instruction in our Mission schools, (a) The observance of the daily hour for -religious instruction should be safe-guarded, (b) A suitable curriculum with suitable text-books for the religious instruction of the several grades should be worked out. (c) The teaching of moral maxims and religious truth should be accom­ plished by methods putting such maxims and truth into practice, (d) A careful use should be made of every possible method for exerting a whole­ some moral and religious influence outside of the class hour, as by the Sabbath School, the Christian Endeavor, the church services, the mission­ 6o Annual Report—Appendix B. ary Society, social service, contact with the home, civic improvement and benevolence.

X. MEDICAL WORK. In our survey, medical work has revealed itself to be an agency of pe­ culiar effectiveness in missionary work among Moslems both in opening doors for other forms of work and in itself witnessing by word and deed to the spirit and power of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. In addition to existing work and for its reinforcement and enlargement, a system of medical itineration should be developed both in the Delta and in Upper Egypt. Annual Report—Action of General Assembly. 61

REPORT OF ASSEMBLY’S COMMITTEE ON THE FOREIGN BOARD.

There have been placed in the hands of your Committee the following papers, viz:—The Fifty-fourth Report of the Board of Foreign Missions, an appeal from the India Mission, extracts from the Minutes of the Egyptian Missionary Association, and extracts from the Minutes of The Sudan Missionary Association. We recommend the following for adoption, v iz :— 1. We commend the Board for its splendid report which furnishes the Assembly a clear vision of the whole work of our Church abroad. A careful reading of this report will find valuable information, inspire new missionary zeal, quicken faith, and prompt increased liberality. 2. We express our profound gratitude to God for— (a) His blessing in the increased financial support by which the work has been carried on and the debt materially reduced. (b) The general peaceful condition of the countries where our fields are located when cruel war was so near. (c) The wide open door to Moslems in Egypt, and the rapid devel­ opment of the work. (d) The 2,947 converts in India whom the Lord has entrusted to the shepherding care of our Church. (e) The undoubted tokens of an early spiritual harvest in the Sudan. (f): The continued and deepened interest in the Church at home shown in contributions, Mission Study Classes and Missionary Con­ ferences. (g) Sparing, the consecrated lives of so many of our missionaries and for the great life work of Miss Ella O. Kyle whom God has been pleased to promote to the Church Triumphant. 3. We commend the untiring and efficient labors of the Board’s Secretaries, Rev. Charles R. Watson, D.D., and George Innes, and express our confidence in the great value to the missions and the Church of the visits of our Corresponding Secretary to our fields abroad. 4. We congratulate the Board and the Church on securing the valu­ able service of Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D., through the generosity of the Reformed Church in America, realizing that his coming has given a new impetus to the whole movement for the evangelization of the Moslems. 5- We lament our inability to occupy our fields to the extent of our opportunity, and in response to the1 loud call for advancement in our missionary operations we pray the Lord of the Harvest that He thrust forth more laborers into His harvest, and we call upon the Church to respond to God by bringing the whole tithe into His storehouse. 6. We commend to our whole membership the Mission Study Classes, the Missionary Conferences and our missionary Bible as appropriate means to that knowledge which is power. Also, we welcome the latest contribution to our missionary literature, “ The Sorrow and Hope of the Egyptian Sudan,” by our Secretary, Dr. Charles R. Watson, and recom­ mend the sanje to the Church for its careful study. 62 Annual Report—Action of General Assembly.

7. We note with gratitude the bequest to our Board of $50,000 by Rev. William Whiting Borden for evangelistic work among Moslems. We direct our Clerk to express to Mrs. Borden, his mother, and to his family our sincere condolence in their great loss and sorrow. 8. That the educational campaign of the Board be endorsed. The large annual report is a mine of resources for missionary leaders and students of missions, the Hand-book on Foreign Missions, a condensed form of information is most valuable for general distribution, and is furnished free to congregations for this purpose. The literature for Study classes, Sabbath-schools, and for general reading, is abundant, both in book and pamphlet form, all of which is commended to the Church at large. 9. It is with gratification that we note the decrease in the Board’s indebtedness from $66,775.69 to $38,697, due, we are told, because of economic administration at home and abroad. This reduction we deem a step in the right direction. The heavy interest charges on long-standing indebtedness is deplored as a useless drain upon the missionary resources of the Church. Therefore, let the slogan of the Church for this year be, “ The full budget paid,— every debt cancelled.” 10. That our Foreign Board be asked to co-operate with a Com­ mittee representing the Foreign Missions Conference of the United States and Canada, which Committee is planning with the Home Missions Coun­ cil for a continent-wide every-member canvass in the interests of the Kingdom of God. 11. Inasmuch as the high cost of living is as keenly felt where our foreign missionaries are serving as in the home land, we therefore rec­ ommend,—That the increase in the scale of salaries of the various mis­ sionaries approved by the Women’s Board and by the Foreign Board and submitted to the Assembly for consideration, be adopted. 12. That the Assembly make the formal appointment of the following persons as missionaries to be under the supervision of the Foreign Board:

To B e S upported b y t h e W o m en ’ s B oard Miss Mary Emma Baird, to Egypt. Miss Ella B. Downie, to Egypt. Miss May Holland, to Egypt. Miss Sadie Thompson, to Egypt. Miss Ruth Warnock, to India. Miss Ida Whiteside, to Egypt.

To Be S upported b y t h e F oreign B oard. Rev. Dalton Galloway and Miss Estella Kyle, to Egypt. Prof. W. H. Merriam and Mrs. Merriam, to India. Prof. C. A. Owen, to Egypt. 13. That section of the Board's Report which deals with the pro­ posed establishment of a Christian University for Egypt is of unusual significance and brings our Church face to face with a question of epoch- making importance. The conception is a daring one and at first blush may seem impossible of realization. But a careful reading of the Report will show that the subject has been under consideration for' many years by our missionaries on the fields and that the proposal comes to us only after a thorough investigation of educational needs and opportunities in Egypt made under direction of the Board itselfJ The consensus of opin­ ion among those best qualified to judge is that such an institution is Annual Report—Action of General Assembly. 63 imperatively needed. The arguments in support of this opinion are of great cogency. Certainly all must agree that if a university offering edu­ cational advantages of the highest order, yet under distinctly Christian influences, can be successfully established in the intellectual center of the Moslem world its possibilities are boundless. W e note with approval that the Board proposes to raise funds for the University in such a way as not to interfere with, or make demands upon, the ordinary missionary offerings of the Church. We recommend that the General Assembly endorse the proposal to establish a Christian University at Cairo; that the Board be authorized to secure, as soon as necessary, a charter for such an institution, care being taken that it be properly related to existing educational institu­ tions and to our entire missionary program in Egypt ; and that the Board be authorized to make such arrangements for carrying on its regular work that the Corresponding Secretary may give largely of his time, during the coming year, to the task of interesting individuals in the establish­ ment of this proposed university in Cairo. In closing this report it seems most fitting that gratitude to God be expressed for His manifest guidance in our Foreign work during the past year, and for the doors of marvelous opportunity that are opening before us. W e recognize that the evangelization of the world is not a human enterprise. It is attempted in the fulfillment of the plan and purpose and command of Him who laid down His life for a lost world, and who promised through His Prophet that His word shall not return unto Him void but shall accomplish that whereunto He hath sent it. Hence, the command of the Christ “ Go ye, into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature,” and His assuring promise— “ Lo, I am with you always.” Signed : R. E. M cC l u r e , J. F. Ross, O. H. M iw jgan, T. A. G il k e y , W ea ver W h it e . 64 Appropriations of the General Assembly.

THE BUDGET FOR 1913-14.

For the maintenance during 1913-14 of that part of the work which is supported by the Church’s general contributions, there will be required $285,977. addition to this, $22,257 are required to liquidate that portion of the foreign missionary debt which falls due this year according to the scheme of liqui­ dation adopted two years ago. In all, therefore, the budget for 1913-14 calls for $308,234. As against this,, there are the following estimated incomes : 40 per cent, appropriated by the General Assembly from the $626,886 of undesignated funds pledged by the Church, o r.. .$250,754 From individuals as last year ...... 10,482 From bequests as last year ...... 10,398 From other sources as last year ...... 12,458

Total Estimated Income ...... $284,092 The total income estimated above falls short therefore of the amount called for by the budget for 1913-14 by $24,142. It is practically equal to the current expenses of the year without allowing at all for the liquidation of the existing debt. There are several considerations which ought to be brought to the attention of pastors and other missionary leaders. 1. The budget for 1913-14 could not be reduced without serious damage to the work. To be sure, there is the large item of $22,257 inserted in the budget for the further liquida­ tion of a debt accumulated during past years, and this might be reduced or even eliminated, and the debt carried over to some future period. But all are agreed that the splendid progress made last year toward the elimination of the debt ought not to be halted until the debt disappears wholly. As to the rest of the budget, it holds the work abroad to its former limits, providing only for those unavoidable expenses connected with increased cost of living and operating the work in hand, and the following slender advance: namely, sending out four new men to the foreign field ; yet one only fills a vacancy, another was appointed last year and is only a delayed recruit, leaving only two really clear additions to the force- one for Egypt and one for India. These explanations are made to the friends of the work, that none may imagine that expansion is being made recklessly or that there is any careless disregard of thè limitations placed upon the work by the limited income available. 2. Our first task then is to safeguard to the full the incomes estimated for above. The most important item here is the forty per cent, of all undesignated funds contributed in fulfilment of the Every-Member Canvass pledges. This means, Appropriations of the General Assembly. 65 of course, two things: first, that the full amount of these pledges should be collected; and, second, that 40 per cent, should go to the foreign work, according to the General Assembly’s rule. Then there are special sources of income which the Board has been cultivating for many years. Individuals and congrega­ tions that have stood loyal to the foreign work in past years by assuming the support of special work or by making special con­ tributions, are earnestly appealed to, to maintain their customary records of liberality this year, for the work of their Lord leans upon them with a peculiar necessity in view of this financial stringency. 3. The next task is to discover and cultivate new re­ sources which may lift the income for foreign missions fully to the level of its budget of expenditures for 1913-14. It is the judgment of many experienced leaders that the Church’s gifts can be made to exceed its pledges. It is reported from many sources that individuals have expressed a reluctance, in con­ nection with an Every-Member Canvass, to subscribe to the full amount of their expected liberality. They fear some misfortune or financial reverse which might interfere with their proposed gifts and therefore they pledge less than they desire and plan to give. Here then is one hopeful resource. But it will require cultivation. It is easy to lapse from a high and holy purpose of liberality to some lower level of merejy redeeming perfunctorily one’s pledges. The pastor, the missionary leader, may and should therefore aim to go beyond the standards set by the Every- Member Canvass pledges. And the needs of the foreign work may be used as a ground of appeal to all such, for they may be shown that its requirements for 1913-14 exceed the resources of the ordinary income as estimated. Apart from all ordinary and usual Sabbath Day contribu­ tions, whether large or small, there is the possibility of special contributions to the work. Almost every pastor and missionary leader knows of men and women who, after carrying their full share of the congregational burdens, desire to render some special service to the cause of Christ by a direct gift to that work. To all such the needs of the foreign work are to be pre­ sented with such appeals as are found on pages 18 to 27 of this Report. 4. Finally, let us labor together in prayer. Prayer is work. By prayer, the expenses of the work may be divinely and mys­ teriously reduced. By prayer, the incomes of the cause may be divinely and mysteriously increased. “ The supplication of even one righteous man availeth much in its working,” but the magnitude and intricate ramifications of the work call for a host of intercessors, that the year 1913-14 may be a year of God’s right hand of pgwer and that, again with the Psalmist, all those who labor together in this cause- may be able to say, “ God is unto us a God of deliverances.” 66 Annual Report of the Women’s Board.

REPORT OF THE FOREIGN DEPART­ MENT OF THE WOMEN’S BOARD.

OUR INSTRUCTIONS. “ J-esus saith unto her—go to my brethren and say unto them, I ascend to my Father and your Father, and to my God and your God.” “ And the angel answered and said unto the woman, Fear not ye—For I know that ye seek Jesus, which was crucified— And go quickly and tell his disciples that he is risen from the dead.” “And they departed quickly—and did run to bring'his dis­ ciples word.” Before we begin our resumé of the work of the past year let us pause for a moment while we lovingly think of those who joy­ fully began the year with us but whom the Master has called from the earthly to the heavenly service. • Early in June, 1912, the message came to Miss Ella O. Kyle, of Egypt, while she was in the home of Rev. Andrew Watson, D.D. She had gone to talk over her first commencement of the Girls’ College, Cairo, with the. veteran missionary who is coun­ sellor to all our Egyptian missionaries. She recognized the fact that for her the mansion and the crown were ready and waiting, so she calmly arranged all Tier earthly affairs, bade loving farewell to her weeping friends and ‘gladly went to be forever with her I^ord. At the eventide of a beautiful Sabbath day in August, 1912, Mrs. John A. Wilson, Associate Foreign Secretary and Editor of the Junior Magazine, received the call to “ come up higher” while she was resting with all her family around her in their summer home in Northfield, Mass. We were expecting her to come back to us in a few weeks ; she went instead to be with the loved ones yonder in the city which hath foundations, whose builder and maker is God. To which of us will the summons come this year? May God grant that the sunset of our last earthly day shall find us as ready for our translation as were, the chosen .ones whose loss we mourn for “ we know not the hour when the-Son of:.Man: shall come.” - . . . - During the year just closed we have-been permitted to earr} on our salary list the names of eighty-seven unmarried women missionaries : 47 in India, 36 in Egypt, and four in the Sudan. Annual Report of the Women’s Board. $7

Six of our devoted workers were persuaded to change their names and leave our ranks, in order to enter the marriage rela­ tion—-Misses Mitchell, McDowell and P'ieken, of Egypt; Miss Barackman, of the’Sudan, and the Misses Scott and Hormel, of India. With the exception of one who married a Presbyterian minister, they will all continue'to labor in our missions as they married five of the fine single young men sent out by our foreign board. We pray for a rich blessing to rest upon each of these six new Christian homes. Five young women have been elected to go to Egypt next autumn—Miss Ida B. Whiteside, Miss Sadie Thompson, Miss Ella B. Downie, Miss May Holland and Miss Mary E. Baird, filling the four vacancies with only one additional worker. Three of these have served three years in Egypt as short term workers. Their appointments were asked for by the Egyp­ tian Mission. Miss Ruth Warnock has been elected to go to India—two other applications are being considered. Having filled Miss Bar- ackman’s vacancy last September, no additional worker has been chosen for the Sudan. Ten new women missionaries sailed for our Mission fields last autumn—the largest number we have ever sent at one time. Reports are that all were choice and have made a good beginning.

• Our présent responsibilities:

I n d ia . Forty-seven lady missionaries. Memorial Hospital, Sialkot. Good Samaritan Hospital, Jhelum. White Memorial Hospital, Pasrur. Dispensaries at Sialkot, Jhelum, Khala, Bhera and Pasrur. Girls’ Boarding School, Sialkot. Girls’ Day School, i Sialkot. Dispensary at Pathankote. Girls’ Boarding and Day School, Sangla Hill. Home for Dispensary Workers, Bhera. Homes for Lady Missionaries at Si-alkot, Lyallpur, Sangla Hill. Elizabeth Gordon Home, Sialkot.

' E g y pt . Thirty-six lady missionaries. Martha McKown Hospital, Tanta. Dispensaries at Tanta and Benha. Girls’ . Boarding and Day Schools at Alexandria, Luxor and Tanta. Day Schools for Girls .at. Karmous, K afr el-Ashari, Beni Suef, Faiyum, Monsurah, Zakaziic and Home at Ramleh (prospective).

- ...Su d a n . Three lady missionaries. Girls’ Boarding and Day School, Khartum North. Girls’ Day School, Wadi Haifa. 68 Annual Report of the Women's Board.

f Work has been commenced upon our new school buildings at Sangla Hill, India. Four of the eight cottages, each of which will accommodate twenty-five girls, were to be completed in April. Pledges have been received for the cost and furnishment of six of the eight cottages planned for. Each cottage will cost $1,400.00, twelve hundred for erection and two hundred for furnishing. The cost of two of these cot­ tages ($2,400.00) twenty-four hundred dollars, has been con­ tributed by the Juniors as Memorials—one to be known as the Helen A. Wilson cottage and the other as the Eleanor J. Steven­ son cottage. We are praying for the necessary funds for the two remaining cottages besides the teacher’s home and the Administra­ tion Building. A large plot of land, about two acres, h^s been purchased at Ramleh, Egypt, upon which we , hope to erect suitable rest homes where our hard-worked missionaries may take their vaca­ tions away from the heat and dust, along the seashore. Mat houses will be used this year as we dare not attempt the erection of buildings until we know where the money is coming from. He will send it in His good time. Special effort is being made to secure donations for the new- building to be erected on the plot of ground bought in Tanta, Egypt, last year. It will be used as a day and boarding school for girls. Plans will be submitted to our Board by the Mission whenever we send the message to Tanta that the funds are in sight. One of the instructions given to the Commissioners from our Board who visited our Mission fields was to look into the question of salaries. They reported that in their judgment the expenses of an unmarried woman missionary were about the same in all three countries. We would like to increase every one, but as that is impossible at this time we have decided that justice demands that we increase the salaries of all our missionary work­ ers in India fifty dollars ($50.00) per year, making them the same as paid in Egypt and the Sudan—five hundred and fifty dollars per annum. As all living expenses in this country have greatly increased, we have also decided to increase the furlough salary of all ouf missionaries from thirty to forty dollars ($40.00) per month. A furlough period of fifteen months being given to all who have been on the field for seven years or longer without coming to this country. Increase of furlough salary to date from July 1, 1913. Increase of regular salary for missionaries in India to date from November 1, 1913. We feel sure that the above actions will meet with the approval of all who are interested in foreign mis­ sionaries. Annual Report of the Women’s Board. 69

We asked our constituency in May, 1912, to give us one hun­ dred thousand dollars for foreign missions for the ensuing year. Th^,Lord put it into their hearts to give enough to make one disbursement, as follows:

Foreign General ...... $ 62,354.00 Foreign Salaries ...... 43,766.27

$106,120.27 Not more than was needed, but more than was asked for. Estimates for the ensuing year have been granted: India ...... $ 38,000.00 Egypt ...... 36,000.00 Sudan ...... 7,500.00

$ 81,500.00 These figures merely cover salaries and running expenses of work already undertaken. Hence the purchase of property, erec­ tion of new buildings, traveling expenses and support of new missionaries, etc., must be provided for over and above sums mentioned. We, therefore, pray the Master to induce the women of our little Church to give to this department the sum of one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars during year ending April 15, 1914. To His name be all the glory. NEW WORK FOR THE ENSUING YEAR. Buildings Sangla Hill, India. Buildings Tanta, Egypt. Buildings Ramleh, Egypt. THINGS MOST NEEDED. More prayer. More workers. More offerings. 70 Action on Women's Board.

REPORT OF ASSEMBLY’S COMMITTEE ON THE WOMEN’S BOARD.

The portion of the report relating to the foreign work is as follows

The Board’s strength is put forth in this department It has 87 un­ married women in the mission fields. Ten were sent out during the past year, and as large a number are likely to be sent this year. The salaries of the missionaries in India have been increased, and also the furlough salaries of all missionaries. The Board asked the women of the Church last year for $100,000 for this department, and received more than was asked. This year it calls for $125,000, which we may be sure will be forthcoming. It is worthy of note, that “ Not one penny contributed for missionary purposes is ever used for other than that for which it is designated.” A Contingent Fund is maintained from which all running expenses are paid. W e recommend the following for adoption: 1. W e thank God for the Women’s Board, and for the splendid work it has been enabled to accomplish. 2. W e pledge the Board our loyal support, and assure it that any­ thing which might imperil its existence or interfere with its operations would touch the apple of the eye of the United Presbyterian Church, and would meet its stern condemnation. 3. We urge upon the women of the Church the duty of joining the Women’s Missionary Society of their respective congregations, that they may fulfill the Scriptural injunction: to “help those women who labor with us in the gospel.” 4. W e urge upon Presbyteries to see that loans from the Parsonage Fund be honorably and promptly met. 5. We tender to the Board our profound sympathy in their loss by death during the past year of two of their members, Mrs. John A. Wilson and Mrs. N. Wylie Stevenson, and our prayer is that their ranks may be unbroken during the coming year. 6. That the Board be recommended to publish an abstract of the Annual Report in such quantities that every congregation in the Church may receive as many copies as it will use; the Committee on the Women’s Board to pay the bill. Signed: J o h n A . W ils o n , C h a r g es S t u n k a r d , R obert R . I r w in , R a l p h S. B l a ir , A . B. Calderwood. THE

58th Annual Report

O F T H E

American United Presbyterian Mission

EGYPT

FOR THE YEAR 1912 Byypt—Introduction. 73

INTRODUCTION.

BY THE REV. J. G. HUNT, D.D. The year 1912 will be memorable in the annals of our work in Egypt for two out-standing events. The first was the visit of Secretary Watson, of the Foreign Board during the early months of the year and the exhaustive survey of the field which he with the help of others was able to make, culminating in an epoch-marking gathering of all our missionaries for eight days at the beginning of May for a thorough study of the mission­ ary situation. While all this led to fresh and grateful appre­ ciation of the great things our God had already wrought toward Egypt's redemption, the dominant, resultant impression was, to use the language of the Findings of the Conference, “an almost overwhelming consciousness of the greatness of the task which yet remains to be performed.” To summarize some of the facts brought out in the Confer­ ence, it was found that with all our progress and successes, there is in all Egypt but one Evangelical Christian Church member to every 58 Orthodox Copts, and to every 895 Mohammedans. The entire Protestant community of Upper Egypt—the scene of our greatest efforts and results—communicants and adher­ ents, could, so far as numbers are concerned, be crowded into four fifths of the single town of Assiut. Of the 10,269,449 Mo­ hammedans, it was not thought that the existing agencies of all Christian Missions in Egypt are reaching more than 1,000,000; and of 3,621' towns and villages, not more than 360 have any regular missionary work carried on in them. The result of our study of these facts was a profound con­ viction that we must aim at an immediate material increase of our force—as to missionaries, indeed, not less than a doubling of the number within five years, the use of the greatest possi­ ble wisdom and strategy in planning and conducting the work, and above all the reenforcements of a mighty spiritual revival. Such is the vision that has filled the background of our year’s work. The other event of peculiar importance was the transfer of Dr. S. M. Zwemer from Arabia to Cairo, to work in connec­ tion with our Mission. The untiring energy and zeal which Dr. Zwemer has shown in the great task of winning the Moham­ medan world to Christ, whether on the mission field or in rousing the home Church, coupled with his expert knowledge and wide experience, have won for him the title of “ apostle to the Mos­ lems.” It was therefore an event of more than passing im­ 74 Egypt—Introduction. portance when he accepted the invitation _ of our Mission to join us in our work in Egypt. Cairo being the intellectual center of the Moslem world is a natural and strategic base for aggressive evangelistic and literary work for the millions of Islam. Moreover there is found in Egypt a freedom for mis­ sionary work such as exists in no other Moslem land. Then it is a time of spiritual unrest and inquiry among the adher­ ents of this faith such as never has been known before. And finally our Church in Egypt has come in these last years to a new sense of her responsibility to preach the Gospel to the Mos­ lems about her. Hence the accession of such a leader at this time gives promise, by God’s blessing, of great things for the Kingdom. In this connection, reference must be made to the events of tremendous import that have been takings place in the Near East during the past twelve months. Turkey—the political head of the Mohammedan world—had not yet concluded the terms of surrender which wrested from her hands her last prov­ ince in northern Africa, when the far more disastrous war broke out with the Balkan Allies, and a series of swift and sweeping defeats practically drove her out of Europe. Only those living in the midst of Moslem peoples can fully realize the humiliat­ ing effect of this loss of power and prestige. The final re­ sult is not so much bitterness toward their victorious Christian foes as loss of confidence in their own leaders and their own power. And since in Islam everything is bound up with re­ ligion, it leads to a questioning of their own faith, and conse­ quently a wider opening of the doors to missionary effort. All these Eastern lands are trembling on the brink of untold possi­ bilities. Egypt is bound to play a leading part in whatever comes. What we have been able to do in the providence of God in the past three score years of our Mission’s history, is but a preparation for the great things before us. Our Mission in Egypt was called upon to suffer sore loss the past year in the death of one of its most loved and valued work­ ers, Miss Ella O. Kyle. For twenty-nine years she had poured out her life in unsparing devotion to her Miaster and the girls of Egypt. The first decade of her work was spent in the Girls’ Boarding School in Assiut. Then she was transferred to similar work in Cairo, where she remained the rest of her life. In ad­ dition to a strong personality, she developed an unusual executive ability. Under her skilful management, the Cairo Boarding School grew to large proportions and bore rich fruit in souls won and trained for the Master. But her vision included still larger things. There was needed a school of higher educational stand­ ard, so equipped as to attract the daughters of families high in social rank. Largely through her faith and perseverance, such a school was founded and the College for Girls opened in 1910- Egypt—I ntroduction. 7 5 For two short years she was in charge of this institution, saw it filled to its capacity with the kind of girls she was aiming to reach, had just passed through a season of spiritual quickening in which many had given their hearts to the Lord, and was laying the plans for its first commencement when she was called away. It seemed at first thought that she was cut off in the midst of her work, but a calmer judgment pronounces her life singu­ larly well rounded. More truly than most could she echo her Master’s words, “ I have finished the work which thou gavest me to do.” And one has only to mingle among her former pupils to realize that her works follow her. Miss Buchanan was brought from Luxor to succeed Miss Kyle in the presidency of the Col­ lege. We should also record here the death of the oldest minister in the native Church, the Rev. Tadros Yusef. For thirty years he served as a faithful and efficient minister of the Gospel in Nakheilah near Assiut, building up there one of the strongest congregations in the Egyptian Church. His eyesight left him, but he labored on, possibly winning in his blindness his largest fruit because of his devotion to the pastoral side of his work. During his later years, he was retired from active service, and received in large measure the honor of all who knew him. As an indication of the growth of the work of the native Church and her enlarging vision, it should be noted that the Synod of the Nile organized a new presbytery during the year 1912, the Presbytery of the Sudan. There are now five presby­ teries, reaching from the Mediterranean far up the long stretches of the Nile toward the heart of Africa. In addition to Dr. Zwemer, we have been glad to welcome the following reenforcements to our work during the past year, the Rev. and Mrs. J. Wallace Baird, the Rev. W. P. Gilmor and the Misses Mabel B. Dickey, Olive Mason, Isabel Hosack, Lois A. McCracken and Mary M. Pattison. The following have re­ turned from their furloughs and taken up work again: Dr. and Mrs. T. J. Finney, the Revs. R. G. McGill and R. W. Walker with their families, and the Misses Minnehaha Finney, Alfaretta Hammond, Rena L. Hogg and Ruth A. Work. Dr. and Mrs. A. F. Grant also returned after some months spent in America for medical treatment. We lost the services of a valuable worker in the withdrawal of Miss Leonora J. McDowell after twenty years of devoted work in Alexandria, who left the field to become the wife of the Rev. J. P. Dysart, of Milwaukee, Wis. Miss Loretta A. Mitchell also during the year became Mrs. F. S. Hoyman. 76 Egyp t—Evangelistic Work.

EVANGELISTIC WOEK.

BY THE REV. R. G. M ’ GILL.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

1912'. 1911. Organized congregations having at least 1 Elder 81 76 Outstations, preaching places, Sabbath-schools, etc...... 196 197

Native ordained ministers, 1 missionary in ' ^ Sudan ...... 63 62 Licentiates ...... 16 11 Theologues ...... 12 15 Lay preachers ...... 7 7 — 9§ 95 Total membership, December 31st, 1912: Males ...... 6,119 5,911 Females ...... 5,925 5,553 12,044 it,464 Increase by profession ...... 790 637 Increase by certificate ...... 247 138 1,037 773 Decrease by death, removal, etc...... 457 511

Net increase...... 580 264 Infant baptisms (one Moslem, 1912) ...... 875 827 Adult Baptisms ...... 5 7 Moslems, 4 in 1912; 7 in 1911 Others, 1 in 1912; 0 in 1911 88a ------834 Average attendance Sabbath m orning...... 24,088 22,965 Contributions, all church purposes ...... $57,586 $52,627

N.B.—An organized congregation is a congregation or congregations under the care of one session. The number of ordained ministers given includes all whose names were on the rolls in March each year, at which time the Synodi- cal year closes. The figures for congregations, stations, membership, increase and decrease, baptisms, attendance, contributions, etc., do not include those for the Sudan—only those for Egypt.

Our Lord’s own conception of missionary problems seems to have dawned upon the Church during the last few years, in a manner which assures us of the Spirit’s presence in power. The result has been above all else a growing appreciation of what these missionary problems demand, and loyal obedience to the Master’s request for prayer—not for open doors, not for power Egypt—Evangelistic Work. 77 to meet an enemy, nor yet for sowers of the seed, but for reapers, laborers for the harvest. And conditions in Egypt today con­ stitute a call insistent and commanding,. to double the present force of workers within the next few years in order that the whitening harvest may be reaped. THE MOSLEM SITUATION. In the spring of 1906, missionaries from all over the Mo­ hammedan world met for conferencie and prayer in Cairo. The mission fields of Islam were studied and discussed and made the subject of earnest and united prayer. It was the most compre­ hensive survey of the Moslem world that had ever been at­ tempted, and the result was a deep conviction of an imperative and an urgent call for prayer. The call was sent out over the ■Church and all Christendom was made conscious of the exist­ ence of a world power of which it had scarcely heard and of whose tremendous anti-Christian influence it had never dreamed. Prayer was offered in churches, prayer circles, at family altars and in the secret place. And while they were yet speaking, true to his word, God was hearing, for before the convening of the next conference, which had been appointed at the Cairo meeting, three heads of three great, important Moslem states had fallen, in Persia, Morocco and Constantinople. The second conference convened in 19 11. Time had been given for further study of the problem of Islam, and the prayers that were offered were more definite, intelligent, sympathetic, comprehensive and hopeful. The Church at large, as she came to realize more clearly the immensity of Islam and her own pow­ erlessness to cope with it, went to her knees in united interces­ sion ; but before they had called God was working, for before the end of the year another Moslem state, Tripoli, had passed from under the control of Islam to Christian domination, thus closing the last avenue in Northern Africa for the slave trade. These events were quickly followed by an uprising of the long oppressed Christians of the Balkan states, which not only means the driving of Islam out of Europe but a decisive and gen­ eral breaking up of her political and religious power all over the world. For the defeats suffered in this war have been the great­ est blow to Islam’s prestige that she has ever received, and the outmost borders of the Mohammedan world have felt the shock. But instead of producing a Saracenic thirst for revenge and a general uprising for a “ Holy War,” the great majority of their people have passively looked on while the fatal blows were raining upon their anointed head in Stamboul. But the secret of this general passivity among her war-like hosts, is not that Islam has lost her pristine belligerent spirit, but that that spirit has been undergoing for years a process of subjugation—not wil- htigly, but by reason of Him who subjected it in the hope that 78 Egypt—Evangelistic Work.

Islam herself also shall be delivered from the bondage of corrup­ tion into the liberty of the glory of the children of God. While the missionaries and others were praying for open doors, God was opening the entire Moslem world for the entrance of the Gospel. Thirteen great Moslem states have been brought under the dominion of Christian nations. So, when the long expected “ Holy War” was announced as imminent during this year, and when her political and religious head was endangered by the al­ liance of the Christian powers of Southern Europe, and when thousands of her devotees were ready to fly to her assistance from Egypt, Tripoli, Morocco, India and elsewhere, Islam’s hands were tied. The wisdom of God and the power of God were displayed in preparing for just such a crisis. Even more marvelous was the almost complete restraining of personal and sectional outbreaks among the inflamed followers of the Warrior Prophet and the general feeling of security that prevailed among Christians in these lands during those awful months of war. But absolute restraint of the.pent-up feeling of Islam in such a trying time could not be expected, and quite a number of minor outbreaks were reported, which caused more or less suffering among Christians. One of our pastors was among the sufferers, having been set upon by a number of Moslems and beaten over the head with a club. After three weeks in the hos­ pital he was able to return to his work. Nor did the missionaries escape entirely. Several of them on one occasion were followed by a jeering, howling mob and pelted with stones, brick-bats, etc.; but as in the days of the Apostles, not all of those who heard resisted the truth, and some of the friendly ones who felt very much ashamed of their fellow-townsmen for their discourteous treatment of the missionaries, followed us and did their best to protect us with clubs and. counter missiles, and before they left us, asked for and received some copies of the Gospel. The work­ ers were given grace to suffer without offering resistance, and in­ stead, to offer a prayer, while the air seemed full of missiles, that the Eord would forgive the offenders for they knew not what they did. In many places through Upper Egypt, -especially at the time of their Biram feast, the slightest pretext was seized to fall upon the Christians, beat them, rob, cheat or otherwise maltreat them. But open resistance to the Gospel was more manifest in the Delta, where our missionaries were refused admission to towns and houses, and no one would give them a place for a meeting for love or money. Officials did their best in places to hinder their preaching services, and even requested the missionaries to leave town. In other towns they came to the meeting to interrupt the service and to oppose the Gospel. Open insult was offered to the workers in the meetings and on the streets. Missiles were thrown at the workers and at their boat, but an eye-witness as­ Egypt—Evangelistic Work. 79 sured us that through it all, the missionary preserved the utmost serenity and composure. He seemed filled with the spirit of Christ, paid no attention to insolent retorts and calumny and false charges, but went right on preaching the Gospel, when inter­ ruptions occurred, manifesting apostolic courage, saying in act, “We must obey God rather than men,” and “ We cannot but speak the things that we have seen and heard.” The war has produced, especially in the Delta, a great bitter­ ness against Christians; and when the missionaries attempted to teach and preach and heal the sick among them, reports were often started that these people were in league with the Balkan Christians who were warring with Islam. Consequently intense hatred toward the workers was exhibited and open violence was prevented only by fear of British justice. Yet in spite of increased opposition to the work by Moslems, it is most encouraging to witness a growing readiness among our workers to invite them to their homes and churches and to pro­ claim the truth freely to them; publicly and in private to mingle with them, and to study their conditions spiritually, and their position in reference to the Gospel and their need of light. At the annual prayer conference of 19 11 many pastors and others promised to pray for the Moslems, and the fruits of that confer­ ence have been appearing in many places in private and public intercession and in increased personal and united effort for them. One of our young ministers invited many Mohammedans to his service, and, much against his will, a controversy being started, a row followed and the minister suffered violence. The matter was reported to the district judge who promptly ordered that a watchman be sent to guard the Christian service, and said that if he heard of a similar occurrence, the Moslem squire would lose his position. The services continued without further inter­ ruption. In nearly every town we have visited (on the Ibis) witness has been borne to Mr. Reed’s splendid work for Moslems, and how his interest in them has stirred the native workers and peo­ ple to greater zeal and faith in evangelizing their Mohammedan neighbors. One of the pastors told of what a Moslem had done when Mr. Reed invited him to the service. He threw the paper iown on which a text of scripture was written, saying, “ I am a Moslem.” But Mr. Reed replied, “ Christ loves the Moslems and I love them.” The man picked up the piece of paper and came to the meeting. Another man after seeing and hearing Mr. Reed said, “If all Christians were like Mr. Reed all the Mohammedans would soon turn Christian.” The brethren were more ready to in­ vite Moslems to the services after seeing Mr. Reed’s success in dealing with them, and so we had no trouble getting them to our meetings. On one occasion 150 Moslems came to the services and they listened very attentively to the reading and preaching of the Word. There is a greater thirst for the truth among Moham­ 8o Bgypt—Evangelistic Work. medans as is evident from their readiness to accept invitations to attend our meetings and other places where they may hear the Word without being suspected of inclining toward the Gospel. It seems to be a general understanding among our people and workers that the great hindrance to Moslem inquiry and open confession is fear for their reputation, their position and their lives. However, greater boldness has been exhibited this year than formerly in spite of the excitement and antagonism caused by the war. In many congregations, a number of Mohammedans attend the services regularly and mingle freely with the Chris­ tians. In one of the Middle Egypt churches there is an open meeting for free discussion of the truth, where opinions are freely expressed by Moslems and others. Arguments are avoided and the sole purpose of those who attend seems to be a desire to help and be helped in understanding the Word of God. In the street meetings conducted in quite a number of towns, Mohammedans are freely spoken to about Christ, such as in Dair, where some of the brethren voluntarily went to visit some Mohammedans, and bore witness to Christ, though they knew that in so doing they were endangering their lives. In that same congregation, as well as in others, a day of fasting and prayer for Moslems was set apart and observed. As a result, a better feeling of brotherly kindness has been manifested by the Christians which was recip­ rocated in a more amicable disposition among Moslems toward the Christians. In another village a young man had been taken in and befriended by the Christians whom he came to regard as his best friends. He came to the services and talked freely and listened attentively to the Word. The Christians said, in his hearing, "He is no longer a Mohammedan, but a Christian at heart.” And their assertion was not denied. Sheikh B , a government official, bought a Bible, read it, and then wanted to return it. The preacher said, “ Keep it a while and read it.” This was done and after some time the Sheikh said he would not sell the Bible, he could not do without it. A very rich young sheikh, whose father is a district judge and very influential, has accepted Christ as his Saviour, and is now preparing to sell what little land he has in his own name, leave his father’s house, which he knows he will have to do as soon as his conversion is known, and witness for Christ. He be­ came convinced of the truth of Christianity while a student in the Azhar, the Moslem university in Cairo. After studying the passage in the Koran which speaks of the Jews as God’s chosen people and how he had blessed them above all nations of the earth, then the fact that the Christians, had in the Gospel a com­ pletion of the Jewish Bible, and the fact that God had signally crowned them with loving favor—all this taken together was used by the Spirit to convince him that the Christians held the truth of God in the Gospel and this became the subject of his study. A Christian young man in his town took him to his home m i n a r e t s o f t h e a z h a r . Cairo is a cily dotted, not with church spires but Tvith mina>ets, symbolising the dominance o f Islam.

PROCESSION OF THE HOW CARPET. Every year a carpet is sent from Egypt to Mecca to be spread over the Kaaba. J/tis oceafion is one o f great reltgious interest. Egypt—Evangelistic Work. 81 and visited him frequently, and they became fast friends. They are reading and studying together at present and the Christian is teaching the convert to pray, helping him to understand the things of God. There was a light in the eye and a bright, happy smile on the face of the convert as of one who had found the pearl of great price. He is at present preparing a book on Islam and Christianity, comparing the two religions. The Christian young man told us that he had not ventured to mention religion to his Moslem friend for many months, and one day when he told him that he had been wanting to talk to him about Christ for a long time, the Moslem replied, “ And I have been for some time expecting you to talk to me of Christ, for it is your duty to do so.” This young man who was leading his Moslem friend into the light has had an interesting experience in that he resolved when first converted to lead a soul to Christ every year. The first and second years he succeeded, but the third year he left the church because the preacher acted unwisely with him, but he returned to it at a time of special meetings and has been an active, earnest member ever since. He and a friend organized a young men’s society which has as its purpose development in Christian life and service. They meet weekly and take turns in conducting the services. A number of the best young men of the town have become interested and lives are being transformed through the consecrated and personal work of these young men. An earnest prayer spirit is manifested among them. They are in training for future usefulness. Miss Thompson writes of a young Moslem who has started a meeting for Mohammedan young men in Cairo where they pray and sing and read and speak as in our own meetings. To some poems on the Attributes of God, music has been set. A poetic production like the following serves as a prayer form :

“ O Thou that hearest prayer, hear us, O Thou that forgivest sin, forgive us, O Thou Merciful One, have mercy on us,” etc.

Miss Thompson told the young man that they left out the foundation of religion, and he acknowledged it but said, “ They will not listen nor allow me to speak if I mention Christ, so we speak of God’s love and the duty of loving our fellow-men and the confession of sin for they know nothing of that.” During a series of meetings in Alexandria, twelve Moslems came to the inquiry room after the service of the last evening. Twenty-two Moslems came to the Mission House inquiring for the truth, eight of them in one day. Several of them are very interesting cases. Three are asking for baptism which is being delayed that by further instruction they may more clearly under­ 82 Egypt—Evangelistic Work. stand the step they are taking. One of them is an inquirer who for two years has been in great despair of ever realizing acceptance With God. He knew that he got nothing out of his Moslem prayers, the Koran gave him no satisfying hope and no comfort. He longed for months for the great Injil or Gospel mentioned in his Koran. He prayed in a very simple way that he might be given religious light that would satisfy his soul. He finally consulted a French Catholic merchant about the mat­ ter and asked him where he could find the real Gospel. This man directed him to the American Mission and there he found that which his soul desired. He gave expression to the greatest joy over having found Christ as his Saviour. How plain it is that the Holy Spirit is working among them. A great number of educated young men, and even many of the religious teachers who have lost their faith in the Koran, are wildly groping in the darkness, searching for an anchor to their faith; their hopeless, helpless condition and their eagerness to know the truth constitute a call, loud and clear, urging to imme­ diate effort to give them their soul’s desire, the Saviour.

THE COPTIC CHURCH. The Church in America and in Egypt has been for years praying for a spiritual quickening in the Coptic Church, and we have been watching thereunto with thanksgiving. For while the •Church as a whole is much as it used to be in spirit and doctrine, nevertheless, the spirit of truth is working in a manner which bids fair to leaven the entire lump. Our visits in Upper Egypt convinced us of a great change having already taken place in the general attitude of the Coptic clergy and people toward the Mis­ sion and Evangelical Church. Instead of open hostility, there is a spirit of toleration; instead of bitter opposition, there is a desire to cooperate; instead of enmity, jealousy, calumny and persecution such as our workers met with a few years ago, there is in a great many places worthy emulation and a feeling of helpfulness toward our workers which proves to us that prayers have been answered. In numbers of places cordial invitations were given the missionaries to preach in the Coptic churches. On one occasion written notices were distributed among the peo­ ple announcing our meeting in their church, and urging them to come to hear the Word of God. Audiences of from two hun­ dred to five hundred assembled to hear the truth and that at other than their regular hours of worship. The priests also came with the people and humbly sat among the audience to be fed. In other cases priests came bringing their people to our churches and a spirit of unity, more than we have ever before observed, was manifested. Egypt—Evangelistic Work. 83 There is commendable zeal among the Coptic churghes in securing young men who are able to preach arid teach the Gospel. Their services are much more largely attended than formerly for their people are discovering that they can now hear the Gospel in their own churches. It is common to find an audi­ ence of from 150 to 300 people where they have secured a preacher. Not only so, but we are rejoiced to see the advanced work for Coptic women. Following our order, there are in some places, weekly meetings for the women where the Gospel is read and explained in such a manner that the women can understand it. In one place we found an audience of five hun­ dred women, and that was a regular weekly occurrence. In other places there were house to house visits and cottage prayer- meetings, young men’s Christian Endeavor services and preach­ ing every night. One of the best evidences of the Spirit’s working among them is their conviction of the sin of unbelief in the conversion of their Moslem brethren and the consciousness of lack of love for them. As one of the leaders in the Coptic church in Ha----- said when asked if there were work for Mohammedans there, “Does any one believe they can be saved?” He confessed his own utter lack of faith in their conversion and the Spirit brought conviction to his heart right there of his own need, for he felt that he had not experienced the power of a triumphant, faith in his own life and therefore could not expect his faith to over­ come the tremendous barrier of prejudice and bitter enmity toward those who for centuries had been their enemies and per­ secutors. He pled with us to pray for his own salvation, and that he might be given faith to believe in and pray for the conversion of Mohammedans. There is becoming more and more apparent a real hunger for the Word of God among the people of this ancient Church. When they hear of the missionaries coming they will sometimes stay away from their work, close their shops, postpone engage­ ments and let the things of the world go in order to come to hear the living truth. In a number of places we found that some of their members were visiting surrounding villages where there was no church and preaching the Word there. An experiment was tried in November in visiting Coptic feasts for the purpose of utilizing the opportunity for preaching Christ. The occasion selected was the annual feast of Marie Girgis, and the place, a large church between Luxor and Esna dedicated to the memory of this Saint. We went there because we found a general dearth of Christians in the towns we visited, every one had gone to Marie Girgis.” We found over five thousand people present, representing towns and villages from two to two hundred miles distant up and down the Nile. We found a number of Protestants also, and these invited us to their tents and secured for us a cordial welcome among the Coptic 84 Egypt—Evangelistic Work. priests and people. Perfect liberty to preach and teach the Gos­ pel was enjoyed, and we were sorry that we had not come ear­ lier in the week, for the day we arrived was the last day of the feast. We were impressed with the splendid opportunity of preaching the Word to thousands, many of them from small vil­ lages where there are no churches. An effort is to be made in the future to make this and other feasts a time for comprehen­ sive evangelistic effort. We had taken with us a young man who is at once a teacher and evangelist in a very needy section in Up­ per Egypt. He did some splendid preaching and personal work there and it gave us an idea of what might be done if half a dozen men could be on hand throughout the entire week of the feast. THE EVANGELICAL OR PROTESTANT CHURCH. If her annual Prayer Conference is the pulse of the Evan­ gelical Church of Egypt, we have good reason to believe that this Church is in a healthy condition, for it was evident from the last conference that the Church has come to realize as never before the necessity of unceasing, prevailing, intercessory prayer, and this means life and health and growth. The entire conference was given up to prayer and a consideration of the supreme importance of prayer, the power of intercessory prayer, the definite ministry of prayer and the relationship which prayer sustains to all development of Christian life and activity. Mis­ sionaries and native workers bear witness to the personal help received at this meeting and, best of all, tell of how the prayer spirit of the conference reached and is working among their congregations and districts. The pastor at S when asked about the state of his congregation replied that there had been increased interest and attendance during the last two months. He then proceeded to tell of what the conference had done for him, that it had made him so ashamed of his prayer life in the past that he had been trying to spend the early morning hours, before people were astir, in secret counsel and fellowship with Christ. This pastor’s life, deepened and strengthened, accounted in no small measure for the increased interest of his people in things eter­ nal, and he seemed to be unconscious of his having had anything to do with it at all. We noted a splendid, harmonious feeling among his people. Sabbath-school, prayer meetings, women’s meetings and day school were all flourishing. Signs of life were abundant, and we felt that even better things were in store for them, for the undershepherd was determined to spend even more time than he had been doing in the secret place of power. He seemed to feel that that was the most urgent part of his min­ istry and a part that had been most shamefully neglected. Egypt—Evangelistic Work. 85

Another pastor speaking of the great helpfulness of the Prayer Conference, told of how they had started out on the new year on a campaign for greater congregational efficiency. The pastor had appealed to them to recognize their individual respon­ sibility toward the unsaved, in the church and town, and asked every member to single out individuals for personal interest and work, fellowship and prayer, and to continue in prayer and effort until those persons were saved. All the members promised to do so and the prayer spirit is already working. One of the members of this congregation confessed that he had not exhibited much patience in his work for others and promised to show more of the Christ spirit in his future service. We were asked to pray for one of the elders there who does not pay the tithe, and so was a hindrance to others in the service of giving. Never have we been so urged to intercessory prayer by personal appeal. In Ai a church member had killed one of a band of robbers as they were breaking into his house. He pled with us to pray for him and wrote his name on a slip of paper so that we would not forget him nor his need. Another former church member, the town squire, who had left the church because he “loved this present world,” was convicted of sin and asked earnestly that we would pray for him especially. A young man in Mo------asked for an interest in our prayers, and we had never seen one more worthy of our help. The pastor told us of how this young man had worked for six dollars a month and how he ate the cheapest kind of food or what others had thrown away and often went hungry in order that he might send $4.50 of the $6.00 to help his brother who was preparing for the ministry. This he did not for one month nor one year, but for a number of years until the brother was able to support himself. Last year he met with a painful and most serious acci­ dent, both his legs being cut off by the train. After weeks of suffering he was able to be out again but there was little that he could do. He opened a small store from which he earns the barest kind of a livelihood, but he always has something for the Lord. We visited him in his little shop and the man’s face lit up with a holy light which comes only to him in whom Christ dwells. We felt very much ashamed of our love, weak and un­ worthy in comparison with that of this humble Egyptian laborer who denied himself every comfort that he might help his bro­ ther in preparing to preach Christ. A great many of the church members with whom we had personal interviews and prayer besought us to help them by prayer to be more faithful to their vows to be the Lord’s espe­ cially in the matters of family worship and home training, tithe paying and service for others. Quite a number of Christians in various places promised to start out anew in Christian life and service, and resolved to give themselves more entirely to Christ and His control. As one man said at the first of the year in a 8 6 Egypt—Evangelistic Work. most fervent and deeply spiritual prayer, “ Our Master, we do now definitely promise before God, and by Thy grace, to seek first and above all things else during this year and throughout our lives the interests of Thy kingdom, Thy righteousness and Thy glory.” We were the more impressed by his earnestness and devotion because we knew of his whole-hearted service for Christ in the past.

SPECIAL ENCOURAGEMENTS DURING THE YEAR. The first of these was the visit from the Secretàry of our Foreign Board, who ushered in the new year with a series of exceedingly valuable conferences for the missionaries on the work of the Mission. In these the evangelization of Egypt’s Moslems was so thoroughly and strongly emphasized that had no other benefit from these conferences obtained, this exploita­ tion of the Mission’s problem would more than have compen­ sated him and us for the expense and effort involved. The per­ sonal fellowship of the Secretary meant much to the Mission and missionaries in the way of strengthening and encourage­ ment. Second, Dr. S. M. Zwemer’s acceptance of the Mission’s invitation to relate himself to the work in Egypt. We hail with thankfulness the appearance of this brother in our midst whose past and recent efforts point him out to be the needed leader in this strategic land. Finding the ground prepared and the hearts willing he not only enjoyed a hearty welcome, but was enabled to enter immediately upon his work. He conducts three study classes in Islamic subjects in different parts of the city, carries on editorial and other work at the Nile Mission Press, shares in the evangelistic work of the station, besides doing personal work continually for Moslems, and lecturing in the Theological Seminary. , Already there are evidences of his presence and work, stimulating not only the work in Cairo but also the sta­ tions north and south of Cairo, and we are hopeful of its prog­ ress and development into a regular department of the Mission. Third, the setting apart of one of our choice young pastors, the Rev. Sadik Sewaiha for work among the Moslems. The consideration of this unprecedented act by his presbytery was deep and searching, yet withal there was a cordial response for the new work. The severing of the pastoral relationship was felt keenly, yet the brother being fully persuaded of the Master’s call, received the hearty support of his co-presbyters, and of Synod, which-undertook to provide for him. Fourth, the holding of a conference at Minieh for the en­ couragement and strengthening of the forty who had promised at the Annual Conference in 19 11 to do special work for Mos­ lems. One of the missionaries in speaking of this meeting said, “ It proved to be a very helpful conference indeed. The review Egypt—Evangelistic Work. 8 7 of the work and personal experiences along with new ideals im­ parted bound us closer together and entwined our hopes.” Seventeen new names were added to the list of volunteers at this meeting. Fifth, many of the churches in Egypt observed October 16th, the hundredth anniversary of the death of Henry Martin, as a day of special prayer for the conversion of Moslems. Some of the churches fasted as well as prayed on that day. In Cairo, after the Arabic services were over there was a union meeting in the evening for English speaking people and others, Dr. Zwemer being the leader. Other encouraging events have taken place which we can­ not speak of in detail, such as the conference for teachers and Bible women at Zeitun— a union meeting with the Egypt Gene­ ral Mission and other societies. Also the conference for colpor­ teurs and men teachers, which, too, was 'held at Zeitun from November 18th to the 22nd. Then the Bible Women’s Confer­ ence at Assiut was held at the end of the year, lasting for five days. These conferences were times of refreshing and quicken­ ing, conviction of sin and striving after newness of life. Many of those present were stirred to desire to lead lives of greater devotion to the work of the Gospel and nearness to God. Evan­ gelistic services and special meetings for Mohammedans have been held in many places and prayer bands and circles have.mul­ tiplied in congregations, city districts and mission stations. The one great desire is “a revival for Egypt.” We should also mention the efforts of congregational, pres- byterial and synodical committees, to study and advance work for Moslems. There is a marked difference between the pres­ ent attitude and that of some years ago when the whole question was most discouraging. It is, to be sure, but a beginning in the right direction, but we thank God for the vision He has granted to some of the Church leaders, for the broader spirit of evangel­ ism which already obtains among some of the pastors as evi­ denced by more Kingdom prayers, more comprehensive plans, greater desire of the pastors for the cooperation of their mem­ bers, and increased desire among the laity to serve Christ and a more intelligent grappling with the problems confronting the Church. Some at least are coming to realize that God in His providence has been preparing for Himself in the Nile Valley an agent through which He can work to the accomplishing of His desire for the redemption of Islam, and that the Evangelical Church has come to the Kingdom for such a time as this. A NEW POLICY. The limited accessions from the Coptic Church in recent years, the marked increase of the Mission’s interest in the Mos­ lems’ problems, a greatly increased interest among Moslems, in 88 Egypt—Evangelistic Work.

Christianity and its teachings and responsiveness to the truth, a general decadence even among the “ faithful” of strict adherence to Islamic standards and practices, a deepening impression among missionaries and native Christians that we are debtors to the Mohammedans,—these and many other facts point to the con­ clusion that the Lord has a larger mission for the Evangelical Church than the reformation of the Coptic Church, about which it has been la te ly concerned in the past, and that it is now time to definitely and effectively focus all efforts upon the supreme task of missions in Egypt, Islam. The World Conferences at Edinburgh and Lucknow pointed to Islamic advance in the Sudan as one of the most ur­ gent and far-reaching problems facing the Christian Church. In the Providence of God the Church in Egypt is made definitely responsible for the restraining of Islamic advance in, and the evangelization of the Egyptian Sudan, for Egypt is the channel through which Islamic forcés, soldiers, traders and propagan­ dists are flowing into the Sudan. The Sudan keeps open the channels of the Nile and allows the life-giving stream to flow down to us. Shall we send back to her in return the death-deal­ ing waters of Islam, or shall we, like Elisha at Jericho, set our­ selves to the task of purifying and sweetening the waters by casting into them the salt of living truth that Egypt and the Egyptian Sudan may rejoice together ? Egypt—Sabbath Schools. 89

SABBATH SCHOOLS AND YOUNG PEOPLE’S SOCIETIES.

BY THE REV. NEAL D. M’CLANAHAN. SABBATH SCHOOLS. STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of Sabbath-schools ...... 193 Number of Pupils in Sabbath-schools— Men ...... 4,687 Women ...... 3,163 7,850 Boys ...... 4.944 Girls ...... 2,874 7,8x8 15,668 Number of Teachers in Sabbath-schools— Men ...... 417 Women ...... 181 598

Total Scholars, Officers and Teachers ...... 16,266 Cost of leaflet paid from Sabbath-school contributions...... $673 Contributions of Sabbath-schools (included in church contri­ butions) ...... $ 2,895 * Sabbath-school Lesson Leaflet, copies distributed weekly .. .. 11,700 * Sabbath-school Paper (Negm el-Meshrik), copies weekly* . . . 1,500 To you who have shown your interest in the Sabbath-schools and Young People’s Societies of Egypt by thus turning to the reports concerning them, the writer wishes to say three words by way of introduction; first, a word of encouragement; second, a word of warning; and third, a word of information. The encouragement is this: The report is brief. You may not as yet have counted the pages which it occupies, but when you do so you will find that they are few in number. But in speaking of brevity we refer more especially to comparative length. When it is laid along side of the subject of which it treats or the wealth of material which is at hand it seems ex­ tremely inadequate. Where any mention is made of a child re­ ceiving a spiritual uplift, there have been in fact a score of thousands of children helped spiritually. We mention the work in a few villages. We have passed by a hundred times that num­ ber, not referred to. But above all, if in this report you catch a glimpse of an individual in dire spirtual need you must think of him as the representative of millions equally needy, else to you the report does not bring the intended message.

* Copied from last year’s Report. 9 0 Egypt—Sabbath Schools.

The word of warning is this: That as you read, you avoid placing the facts mentioned in the scene and setting of the home land; that you do not place it before background lighted by a Christian civilization'. You will read of a Mohammedan girl who came to Sabbath-school and was greatly influenced and who with great joy received as a prize a small New Testament. But un­ less you are on your guard you will see that girl coming out of a home filled with helpful influences a home such as yours and for you the entire force of the incident is lost. Know that that girl came from a home in which woman ranks scarcely higher than the animals, where sensuality is ofttimes the motive force and brutality the method. Now the story begins to be of moment. In other words, remember that in Egypt the Sabbath-school is not a supplementary uplifting force, but is, in many a life, the sole helpful influence. Remember that the Sabbath-school or Young People’s Society is not one of ten such institutions in a village, but, in many instances, the lone representative of its kind. Does this not give to the Sabbath-school and Young People’s Socie­ ty an increased value ? Does it not make the open­ ing of a school cause for rejoicing in heaven? Does it not give to the closing of a school the character of a tragedy ? When there is in an individual life or in the life of a village but one light and that light is extinguished, how great is the darkness! Lastly, as to the word of information, it is that in the choice of subject matter and in its presentation the writer has sought to be conservative and moderate. Where we personally have felt jubilant or where we have been deeply moved we have sought to let calm judgment hold court. With these thoughts in mind let us walk together through a part of God’s vineyard, giving our attention first to the Sabbath- schools and then to the Young People’s Societies. There are now before me a score and. a half of letters which came as replies to inquiries sent to pastors and missionaries. These replies form the basis for almost all of the statements and conclusions which follow. From a perusal of these one is justified in saying that through the past year the Sabbath-schools made moderate prog­ ress in the matter of enrolment, though a few report large addi­ tions to their membership. In Zakazik, for example, the attend­ ance was double that of any previous year. But why has the growth been only moderate? Why has it not been rapid? The reply is, in some instances, opposition; in others, scarcity of com­ petent teachers, and in some few, unsuitable buildings. At Beni Suef the present building is so inadequate that it necessitates the dividing of the Sabbath-school, thus weakening the organization and diminishing the inspiration resultant from numbers. Also in the Kulalie School at Cairo, where the attendance, of girls is ninety, the missionary in charge affirms that the enrolment would be two hundred, if they but had sufficient accommodation. Egypt—Sabbath Schools. 9 i Pitted against such obstacles, and in many cases gloriously triumphing over them, has been the help of the Spirit, using in increased measure such human means as rally days, premiums and prizes. These have not only augmented the attendance but have produced greater regularity. In the Khaiyatt School, of As^ siut, out of an enrolment of one hundred sixty-five, one hundred thirty came the entire term without being absent or tardy, in or­ der that they might be guests rather than hostesses at the pres­ entation of a small treat. But there is a growth more fundamental even than the growth of attendance, and in this, as the reports indicate, the schools have made marked progress. I refer to improvement of organization. As an illustration, notice the school at Beni Ma- zar. Here there are seven classes, each with a special name. A clear record is kept of the attendance of each pupil, of his faith­ fulness in memorizing the Golden Text, also of the amount of his offering. At the Rally Day the record of each one is read. With such methods comes the desire on the part of the pupils to make a creditable showing, but an even more important result is that it serves to increase the dignity of the Sabbath-school. And growing out of this is the realization of the need for better train­ ed teachers, which, in turn, bears fruit in an increase in the num­ ber of normal classes. Now we have arrived at the point at which the Sabbath-schools of Egypt have, in the past, been weak­ est. Naturally they have not had the large body of home-trained or college-trained men and women from whom to enlist teachers as have the schools in the home-land. But now that the import­ ance of the Sabbath-schools is being recognized, steps are being taken to provide against this need. A most significant fact in the letters before me is that, in the schools of the Delta, there is a large percentage of Mohammedan scholars. The percentage is not as great as we believe God de­ sires that it should be, but it is sufficient to throw light on a very important question. As you know, there is an increasing realiza­ tion of the fact that the supreme task before the Mission is the evangelization of Islam. Consequently each branch of the work is examined with reference to its relationship to this tasK. And when we realize that the percentage of Moslem pupils in the Sab­ bath-schools of the Delta ranges from twenty to forty-five, we see that these schools are a factor not to be ignored. Into these lives comes the message of the lesson, seed, which in some cases, will bear fruit a hundred fold. But the influence of these schools does not end here. Many a lesson-leaf is carried into a Moslem home and read by a father or a mother who otherwise would never hear of the Saviour. One Mohammedan girl in a Sabbath- school at Alexandria came for thirty consecutive weeks that she might receive a Bible. With a heart full of joy she carried it home to cherish it, and (may it not be?) through it to find the Saviour. Dare we not hope also that through it she would carry salvation to others ? 92 Egypt—Sabbath Schools. I feel that I would not be true to my commission, did I not at this point mention a fact which threatens the life of these very schools of which we have been thinking, and in which the opening skirmishes between the armies of the Cross and the Crescent are even now being fought. Because of increased financial pressure, the Mission has been compelled to adopt a policy of retrench­ ment with reference to the village day-schools, so that in one dis­ trict of the Delta where there were once fifteen schools there are today but three. When you realize that the Sabbath-school in the majority of instances is dependent upon the day-school for the room in which to meet and also for superintendent and teach­ ers, you see how at the very opening of the struggle we have been compelled to surrender many points of vantage. True there is an increasing emphasis placed upon preaching, and often into the territory vacated by the school the evangelist is sent; but it re­ mains to be seen whether in the matter of reaching the young, the Sabbath-school based upon the day-school was not the more efficient method. You will be interested in hearing of some of the results of the Sabbath-schools as they are enumerated in the letters before me. In Egypt even more than in the home land the Sabbath- school is the recruiting agency for the church. As Miss Hogg, writing from Assiut, says, “ When I look over the morning audi­ ence and see the number of former pupils whose families are Cop­ tic, who would have been idling at home but for the influence of the Sabbath-school, I think the work eminently worth while.” But the sphere of influence in many cases extends beyond the lives of those who attend. At the Girls’ College in Cairo, one class resolved upon doing some missionary work each week. Some read the Bible to the servants in their homes, some distribute the papers among acquaintances, while three of the girls have organ­ ized small Sabbath-schools in their neighborhoods. One of the girls in the Ezbakiyah Sabbath-school, Cairo, incidentally men­ tioned teaching some women to pray. “ I found,” said Miss Mar­ tin, “that she had gathered some of the girls and women of her village about her every week during her summer holiday to read and talk to them.” “ Some,” said she, “ did not know that there was such a thing as prayer.” But we have not measured the full sphere of the Sabbath- school’s influence yet. After the lesson concerning Christ the Healer, one school, desiring to have a part in the ministry of heal­ ing, took up a special offering for the hospital in their city; while another school, becoming interested in a school for the deaf and dumb in Turkey, brought together sufficient funds to run the in­ stitution two days. But such services, valuable as they are, are by-products of the Sabbath-school work. The great aim of this branch of effort is to impart a knowledge of God and His Word, in the belief that the entrance of that Word giveth light. Egypt—Young People’s Societies. 93

The supreme need of the Sabbath-school, and also the one that is most pressing, is associated with the Young People’s So­ ciety. Therefore, discussion of it will be included in this report.

YOUNG PEOPLE’S SOCIETIES.

No. So- Membership. Presbyteries. cieties. Men. Boys. Women. Girls. Total. Delta ...... is 146 196 63 642 1,047 Middle Egypt ...... 18 433 99 72 144 748 Assiut ...... 134 77 72 878 Thebes ...... 6 S3 29 55 60 197

Totals ...... 458 267 918 2,870 This report logically follows rather than precedes the report of the Sabbath-schools. The Young People’s movement succeed­ ed the Sabbath-school movement by many years. Consequent­ ly as one studies these two movements in the Egyptian Church he will find the Sabbath-school more mature. With it there is the feeling that it is a well known factor. We can with some cer­ tainty forecast its future. Not that we can estimate the amount of its future extension nor say what new methods will be intro­ duced, but even so it is sufficiently old to have certain fixed hab-.- its. But. when we write of the young people’s work, and espe­ cially as we review the letters just received, we feel that it is be­ yond the ability of any one to say what will be the future of this movement. The original purpose of these societies was to train young people to take a part in the work of the church and this the so­ cieties in Egypt are doing. Visit any one of the thirty-two soci­ eties and you will find it a training school. But there has enter­ ed into this movement in Egypt an element which renders all fore­ casting of its future impossible. We refer to the large place which these societies are taking in the evangelistic work of the congre­ gations. Christian Endeavor Societies in Egypt are not merely training schools, but they are the channels through which flow the energies of many of the congregations. Few are the societies which are content to meet merely for study and mutual exhorta­ tion but in the majority of instances they are carrying on evangel­ istic work either in their own city or neighboring villages. The number and character of these out-stations differ greatly. For example, the Young Men’s Christian Endeavor Society, which meets each Saturday at the central building in Cairo, holds a spe­ cial meeting each week in the home of a member or friend, the thought being that thus they may bring the Gospel to some who do not attend the general meetings of the society. The leaders of these meetings are taken from the membership, and it is en­ couraging to see how many of the young men are able to conduct a meeting successfully. 94 Egypt—Young People's Societies.

This, however, is below the average in the matter of outside work. In looking over the letters before me, I have selected as the normal society that of Beni Mazar. There the mother soci­ ety numbers but twenty, yet they conduct each week preaching in five villages and four places in the town itself. In conversing with the pastor, I asked him how many members of his society he could count on to conduct a successful service. He said that of the twenty he thought that twelve were competent and willing to undertake such work. A schedule is posted for the month giving the names of the leaders, the places of the meetings, and the subjects. Thus, for each meeting of the central society, there are nine at other places. Belonging to the same class as Beni Mazar is Nakheilah, where the society of twenty-five members carries on preaching in seven parts of the city and two villages, reaching each week a total number of one hundred eighty-five. Also at Zerabi a society of twenty-five members carries on preach­ ing in four centers each week. The society of the First Church of Minieh, with fifty members, preaches in three parts of the city, as also does the society of Monsurah. The Beni Suef society car­ ries on work in four places, and that of Luxor occupies eight centers. Not that these evangelistic efforts are the only labors engaged in by these societies, but these are what renders forecast­ ing uncertain. If you do not understand my thought, notice two instances where this spirit is even now manifesting itself mightily. The society at Assiut College, in addition to its being a potent evangelistic force in the college itself, conducts work in twenty villages. To be sure this is a unique society. It possesses an un­ usually well trained membership. But notice another instance found in a village of ordinary size, far from the home of any mis­ sionary. Here there are in the congregation not one but three so- cities. One for men, with thirty-five members, another for wom­ en, with fifty-five members, while the third is composed of one hundred fifty boys. Each society carries on its evangelistic work independently. “ About twenty men, twenty-five boys, thirty girls and five women,” said the pastor, “ have become preachers.” Every Sabbath afternoon that number spreads about the city and collects around them more than a thousand people. This is one instance. Suppose that this same zeal were to become the pos­ session of each of the fifty-nine societies. Who can estimate the results? May this not become the Egyptian version of the Lay­ men’s Movement ? In closing we wish to mention a vital need of these two branches of the work, namely, the appointing of an able field sec­ retary. He, being acquainted with the modern methods, will be able to increase the efficiency of both institutions. By the force of leadership he will be able to guide and inspire them. He will be the bond uniting them, giving them the strength of close union. Aided by such a man and with God’s continued blessing, these societies will do a great work for Christ and Egypt. Egypt— Young People's Societies. 95

We have now finished our survey. No one more than the writer realizes how inadequate it has been, and yet, if you have not felt encouraged as you have read of the success of these two movements, the writer has failed to transmit the messages now lying on his table. If you do not feel called upon to remember these two organizations in prayer before the Master’s throne, he has utterly failed in causing you to see the possibilities, both of success and failure, which lie in them. 96 Egypt—Harem Work.

HAREM WORK.

BY MISS M . A. PADEN.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Bible pupils in homes— Beginners ...... 458 Readers ...... 776 Regular listeners ...... 2,202 Irregular listeners ...... 1,930 5.372 Religions represented—, Protestants ...... 1,651 Copts ...... 3,352 Mohammedans ...... 309 Others ...... 60 ------5,372 * Number of workers in homes: special— Women ...... 35 Men ...... 2 37 Number of Women’s Missionary Societies ...... 38 * Attendance at Women’s and Girls’ Missionary Societies— Women ...... 1.027 Girls ...... 1,277 2,304 Membership in Churches, women ...... 5,925 Attendance at Sabbath morning services— Women ...... 7,123 Girls ...... 2,639 9,762 Number of women and girls in Egypt under the influence of the Gospel, about ...... 15,000 “ The Lord giveth the W ord: The women that publish the tidings are a great host.” This verse is chosen, not as a statement of things as they are in Egypt now, but as we pray that they may be. The verse in Arabic is illuminating, the Word for “ the women that publish the tidings” is mubeshirat, the word generally used for Bible women. And then, we have our only equipment—the “ Word of God.” May He teach us how to use it! Most of the Egyptian pastors are interested in the work among the women. In nearly every congregation there is at least one weekly meeting for them, usually conducted by the pastor or the evangelist in charge. If the pastor’s wife is educated she will often take his place when he is absent. In very few of the con­ gregations are there Bible women. Some places have blind men to instruct the women, in others there are blind women. In one ♦Copied from last year’s Report. Egypt—Harem Work. 97 place a graduate and former teacher in a boarding school dedi­ cated herself to this work. Most of the women who take lessons go to her for the lesson. The pastors have different ways of helping the women. One takes great pleasure in teaching them to read, going from house to house for this purpose. Another instructs them in the doc­ trines of grace as set forth in the Bible and Catechism. In some places, Christian Endeavor societies are formed, the women con­ ducting the meetings and working on the committees. One pas­ tor divides the women into three groups of forty each. At each weekly meeting one group recites a number of Scripture passages learned by heart. In one town the pastor sends out bands of girls who preach in the streets. There are perhaps five hundred hear­ ers a week. In some places the women have covenanted together to give up their terrible mourning customs. In other towns they go to the mournings to read and pray, and are often successful in persuad­ ing other women not to mourn on Sabbaths. In one congregation a Moslem .woman was baptized, brought into the meetings first by some Christian sister. Some of the hindrances mentioned are ignorance and illiter­ acy, worldliness, the excommunicating by the Coptic priests of those who attend Protestant meetings, nationalist prejudices, lack of real spiritual life among church members. Some also men­ tioned their lack of a Bible woman. The different reasons for encouragement are interesting. Some speak of the women promptly paying their subscriptions. One woman comes to the meeting from a village an hour away, fasting. Greater interest in the church and in the salvation of others is reason for thankfulness. The second Bible Women’s Conference was held the last month of 1912. The attendance of Bible women was about the same, perhaps the number from outside somewhat less than the year before. The messages were given with great power, and while outwardly there did not seem to be either the deep con­ viction of sin or the corresponding fullness of joy seen last year, yet no one could doubt that the Lord was working, that in many a heart a deeper work was going on than was manifest and that real blessing was received. Mrs. Finney writes from Alexandria:—“ Because of the fact that I spent but a very small part of the year in Alexandria, I am able to give you only a meagre idea of the harem work which was carried on there during the year. Changes in the mis­ sionary force have caused the work to suffer from lack of super­ intendence. This we hope may be somewhat remedied during the coming year. “Only three Bible women have been employed, while we ought to have had twice that number. Many women in different parts of the city would be glad to be instructed in the Word 98 Egypt—Harem Work. if only we had some one to send to them. The women’s prayer- meeting in the Karmuz district has been very interesting, and will be of great value in the development of a native church in that part of the city. The two rooms in which the meeting is held are often quite crowded, It is led most efficiently by blind Khalil. We hope that before long, he may be given other meetings of the same kind. Near the end of the year some of our workers began an afternoon preaching service in the school of Miss Mills and Miss Hewat at Bacos, Ramleh, where a goodly number of Mo­ hammedan women and girls attend. The Sabbath-school in this school is conducted by one of the elders of the Alexandria church. I am very sorry to have to relate that near the end of the year one of our three Bible women was suddenly called away by death. She had grown into a very efficient and devoted worker. Her work was in a strictly Mohammedan quarter of the city. We were greatly saddened by her death, but we know that all things work together for good, and we are trusting that a consecrated worker may be sent to take her place.” From Tanta, Miss McMillan writes:—“ The harem work has suffered much this year because there was no missionary to lead and direct in it. In consequence, practically all that has been done has been the regular work of the Bible W'omen. One of them has conducted a well attended weekly prayer meeting in a section of the city where Rev. Khalil Seeha, of the hospital, car­ ries on work for men. She has met with considerable opposition on the part of the chief Coptic priest, and on one occasion when she met a visiting Coptic priest, he called her many hard names and spoke very roughly to her. This woman can scarcely read and yet she sows the seed as well as she knows how, and God, who is able to use the weak things of this world to His glory, will take care of the result. “ Another Bible woman was much pleased on visiting in a Mohammedan home during their greatest feast to hear from one of the young women that they were not fanatical like many, that they liked to hear the reading of the Bible, that her brothers, who are among the influential Moslems of the city, read her sister’s Bible which she used here in our school. This same Bible woman brought four Moslem women to the weekly women’s prayer meeting. They were much pleased, and one of them kept saying, ‘Oh Jesus, Son of Mary,’ all the time the Bible woman was reading and talking. When they began to sing, this was so totally different from anything she had ever known that she did not know what to make of it, so she just repeated over and over, ‘Oh, God! Oh, God!’ “ In another house, the woman, a Moslem, whose son was in the Minshawi Hospital with a broken leg, asked Sitt Warda to come very often and pray that her son might recover. While she prayed, the woman would sit with her hands folded on her Egypt—Harem Work. 99 breast and say, ‘Oh, Christ! Oh, my beloved! Oh, Son of Mary, heal my son!’ When he recovered she was very grateful and happy.” Mrs. A. A. Thompson writes from Monsurah:—“We had two meetings part of the time, one in the church, the other in the pastor’s house, and both conducted by him. None of the women will take part before the pastor, but several are ready to help in the missionary society. Some Mohammedan women are occasional hearers in their homes and one has recently begun to take lessons. Some men are very anxious to help the women. One or two have taught their wives to read and also given them religious instruction. “ One pupil learned the Helen Gould verses. She said it was not for any reward she learned them, but because she loved to do it. She gets the meaning of spiritual truth so well. She had the Book open while at her work, for she is a girl perhaps twenty-five or thirty, and is housekeeper for her father and brothers, and works hard. “ I have been so pleased with Sitt Warda’s increased zeal since the Assiut Conference. She told of how happy she was a number of times to proclaim Christ to those in sorrow, and of some whom she hoped might have been brought to Him though un­ known to us. But the duty performed brought joy. A sick man was laid as a burden on her heart, so she arose and went at once to the house and asked if she should read and pray with him, and while he was able to hear, she had prayer with him regu­ larly.” Mrs. Thompson longs for more workers to go to the vil­ lages, that more Mohammedan women may be reached. Mrs' Hart writes from Zakazik:— “ I wish that I could make a more encouraging report, but, in any case, it is better than last year, and we are glad for that. Some of our women are doing decidedly better in the matter of keeping the Sabbath, that is, they do not buy so much, nor wash so much, nor sew so much, etc. There is better attendance at the services and more desire to bring others. Also a better attitude toward the Mos­ lems on the part of some, and a greater willingness to hear the word on the part of others. There is, of course, worldliness and double-facedness to discourage one. “ A woman came from a village angry with her friends, to stay awhile with her daughter here in Zakazik. When the blind teacher went to the daughter’s house to read, the mother heard her, and learned the sin of keeping anger in the heart. When she became convinced, she went home and told them that she wanted to be reconciled to them because it was wrong to be angry. She did not wait for them to come and take her as is the usual cus­ tom. Some time after her return to her home, her brother w'as in Zakazik and said, ‘What did you do to my sister while she was here? She acts like a saint since her return home.’ 100 Egypt—Harem Work.

“ It has been very difficult to get our women to see that there is a place in the meetings for their Moslem sisters, but the day is breaking, thank God! A few attend rather regularly. “ The Bible woman and I are responsible for two meetings on Monday. The Coptic priest has been advising some of the women that our meetings are for Protestants, and that they do not need to go.” Mrs. Walker writes from Benha:—“ The Bible woman has been working since the last of November. Miss Piekin intro­ duced her into the different districts, and she has worked out from there till we have plenty of work for another woman with her. She is dignified, and knows enough too, to answer intelli­ gently even Mohammedan sheikhs. She has done so on several occasions, and they always treat her with respect, and comc again and again to hear her read. One sheikh told her that the only objection he had to our teaching was that after one hears a bit, he is always uncomfortable afterward, feeling that he must learn more and yet afraid to, for fear he might believe it and be­ come an ‘unbeliever,’ too. “ Sitt Um Wahba holds regular weekly meetings in three villages, Miss Piekin in two, and then Miss Piekin visits, as often as she can, the other villages where we have church mem­ bers. The work is very encouraging, but—oh, for several more helpers! The prayer meeting in Benha is held in our house. Sitt Um Wahba and I conduct it together, and it is like a Christian Endeavor meeting. The Bible woman helps them to prepare to tell Bible stories, repeat verses, etc. We have a great many reg­ ular listeners among the Mohammedans. Some appear much in­ terested. Some women have agreed to stop using ‘common swear words,’ and seem to try hard to stop it. Some follow the Bible woman from house to house, and after her lesson, teach the women Bible verses. The Bible woman seems to have power to draw others to Christ. “ We would like to rent a room in the native part, where the Bible woman could rest and eat her lunch. It could also be used for men’s meetings as well as women’s meetings.” M'iss Thompson gives this report from Cairo:—

Total Bible women ...... 14 Total enrolment of pupils ...... 376 Total enrolment regular hearers ...... 409 Weekly irregular hearers , ...... 467 Prayer meetings for women ...... 10 Average attendance ...... 172 “ There are eight districts where there are what we call mis­ sionary societies, and with the subscriptions and thankofferings, we collected over two hundred dollars, much of which was given by those taking lessons, some of it by members of the church who attend the meetings. Prayer meetings are carried on in two places by Miss Bukhtea, with an average attendance of forty-six Egypt—Harem Work. 101

at each. The others have the help of a missionary. One for women in the Faggala has met in Dr. Hunt’s house above the school, and as Mrs. Hunt and Miss Paden both attended it, Miss Thompson began another meeting with one Bible woman, at a place some distance away, among those who never attended the other. This last was discontinued when Miss Paden was trans­ ferred to Beni Suef. A very interesting district had meetings from house to house, often in an open court, but this had to be discontinued when the superintendent was put in charge of a day school. There is also a meeting in the Kulalie school which is conducted by the pastor of the congregation, where an average of over thirty women attend. Among the women who attend our six places of preaching in Cairo, twenty-three professed their faith in Christ during the year. “ The Bible women, nearly all, come in touch with their superintendent at these meetings in the different districts. And at a general meeting at Mrs. Harvey’s home, once a month, after they give in their reports of work done and get a new book from the small library for them, Dr. Hunt gives them a Bible lesson from Romans, and earnest prayer is offered for their work. M'ost of these teachers have also had the advantage of attending two Prayer Conferences for women during the year, one in Zei- tun, the other in Assiut. “As the years go by the teachers are more impressed with the importance of their work, and the necessity of carrying the mes­ sage of the Gospel to the women, whether they are rich or poor, nominal Christians or Moslems. “Much prayer is offered for the salvation of Mohammedans. Christian literature is distributed and many talks had with them and for them. There is a wide field for the work of house visit­ ing, and the limit is set only by the supply of workers, and the money to send them forth. A great majority of the one hundred and thirty Moslem women enrolled are regular hearers, only thirty-one taking reading lessons, so that either by the Bible women or by the superintendent, great numbers get to hear about Christ their Saviour. “ The married ladies of the Mission make many visits among the women, especially Mrs. Harvey, who goes a great deal. The ladies in charge of day schools visit, too, especially Miss Kerr, who tries to visit all her school girls’ homes, as well as the members of the Kulalie congregation.” In Faiyum, during the first part of the year, the work had the superintendence of Miss Ferrier, who with the Bible woman reached a great many women. The Bible woman has gone on very faithfully, though there is much bigotry. The Coptic church started a Bible man to work among their women, and began a meeting in the church for them. May we, like Paul, rejoice in every way by which the Gospel is preached. Some whose fam­ ily connections belong to Assiut became touched by the spirit of revival there, and started some cottage prayer meetings. These 102 Egypt—Harem Work. have been kept up faithfully during the^ year, and a goodly num­ ber have heard the Word. By daily lessons, giving of tracts to Moslem men, reading at mournings, the Bible woman has touched many lives with the message. One Moslem gave her a tract written by another Mos­ lem trying to prove from the Scriptures that Christ was not the Son of God. She could not rest that night till she had written a lengthy reply to his article. She rooms in a Moslem house, and the woman of the house is reading in the New Testament. This woman said, “ When the day comes that many Moslems come out and confess Christ, I’ll be the first,” and added, “ Is it not enough that I believe in Him and love Him in my heart?” An occasional meeting has been held in a Mohammedan village nearby opened up by Mrs. Read. A young girl has recently taken up the work of a Bible woman in the large town of Fidimin in the Faiyum province. A visit showed her the need in this town of more than 8,000 in­ habitants. In Beni Suef a teacher was found in April, and she has been doing excellent work ever since. Home after home has opened up, and now there are more open doors than she can enter. Several Moslem women are taking lessons. Her pupils are from a variety of homes from the wife of a bey to nurse girls and maid servants. Some Moslem women come at times to the women’s meetings. One Roman Catholic has become a frequent attendant, both on Sabbath and at the women’s meeting. Her Italian neighbor, also a Roman Catholic, was given a New Tes­ tament in her own language. She read it eagerly, right from the first, and as she read of the Lord Jesus’s sufferings she wept. Her brother-in-law also was greatly interested in the Book, and the next feast day and Sabbath day, all went to church (the Roman Catholic) although they had been neglecting this. Many Moslem homes, both in the town and in the fellaheen villages nearby are open to the one who will read to them. Miss Rena Hogg writes from Assiut:—“In Assiut, 1912 will stand out in the minds of all as a year to be remembered The Bible Women’s Conference with which it opened had been largely attended by the women of the town. The influence it exerted on them was strong and any danger of its evanescence was averted by a series of revival meetings held later in the College, which though intended primarily for students was open to all. No portion of the daily audiences was more responsive than the women, many of whom were from families of wealth and influence. A crisis was reached in many a life, and as a practical result, the volunteer band of eleven Egyptian women mentioned in last year’s report soon grew to thirty-four, who went out weekly, two by two, to carry the Gospel into the lanes and by-ways of Assiut and into some of the surrounding villages. In April it was calculated that five hundred women were reached Egypt—Harem Work. 103 weekly by this agency, of whom about three hundred were Copts and two hundred Moslems, and the enthusiasm and joy of the volunteers were most cheering, especially to those missionaries who had labored to organize and to encourage the movement, Mrs. McClenahan, Mrs. Henry, Mrs. Grant and Mrs. Alexander. “In the East even more than in the West it is dangerous to believe that ‘well begun is half done,’ and the movement is still at a critical stage in its history. In seeking to win Mohamme­ dans to Christ the victory is only to the Christian whose love and faith refused to acknowledge defeat and endure to the end. How to develop young and inexperienced workers into patient, stead­ fast plodders is the problem that now concerns us. A meeting is held for them monthly, and if we could secure at this a regular and full attendance our problem would be half solved. This is peculiarly difficult, however, in this country where engagements are not taken seriously and where the illness of any member of their large households, and death of any of their wide and intri­ cate connections, the slightest indisposition of the person con­ cerned, or the entrance of the most casual' visitor is considered prohibitive by each volunteer’s friends, and perhaps by the worker herself, no matter what outside duty may call. “The meetings of volunteers, both in the church and in the Pressly Memorial Institute are full of inspiration. Many inter­ esting incidents are related, and it is impossible to be present without feeling thrilled with fresh hope for Egypt and joy and wonder at what God has wrought. The workers talk and pray together about their difficulties and encouragements, and their work is enriching them in the experience of God’s goodness and power by the definite answers they receive to the definite peti­ tions that their perplexities constrain them to offer with a new perseverance and watchfulness. We feel that the movement is one of extraordinary promise. It should be fostered and ex­ tended in a way that seems at present impossible, and this im­ possibility constitutes a call to fervent and persevering prayer to the Lord of the harvest, Who having thrust forth these laborers and begun a good work in them is able to perform it until the end. “ Having returned to Assiut after more than two years’ ab­ sence the solid progress that time has marked is perhaps pecu­ liarly visible to me. In nothing is this more striking than in the attitude of our Christian women towards their Mohammedan sisters. There is a new interest born of a new love and a stronger faith in the possibility of their salvation. This broad and wholesome outlook and a deepened spirituality have been apparent in many, and their recurring manifestations have been a constant call to gratitude and hopefulness. “ The Bible Women’s Conference already mentioned has left its mark on the Bible women at Assiut as elsewhere. Besides gaming from it something of that spiritual quickening and guidance at which it aimed, they seem to have carried back to 104 Egypt—Harem Work. their tasks a new view of their calling which subsequent inter­ course with the volunteer workers has helped to strengthen. I believe that their work has acquired for them new meaning and new dignity, that they regard it less as a ‘common round’ and more as an enterprise. They can see themselves now, not through the eyes of those around them, as solitary units belong­ ing to a humble class of wage earners, but with clearer vision as members of a large sisterhood, some wealthy, some poor, some simple and unlettered, others leaders in this world’s progress, but all one in the unity of a common purpose, and sharing alike the honor of being fellow-workers with Jesus Christ. We believe that this juster view of their calling will have far-reaching con­ sequences.” Miss Ferrier writes from L u x o r:—“ The duties of the boarding school have been so numerous and so varied in char­ acter that but little time could be given to harem w ork; but the three Bible women have been doing faithful work. One of them has at present two Mohammedan women as pupils. It grieves me to see how all the money of the Women’s Missionary Society is spent on the church, even the thankoffering being used for themselves*. There seems to be no missionary spirit. “ There is a prayer meeting held on Monday morning in the home of one of the Bible women. There are frequently present more than twenty women. Some of these women have been led through this meeting to the church services. “ Work has recently been begun again in the village of Zaneeya. Some time since the Coptic priest cursed any who at­ tended our meetings, but even some of these women welcomed us back again, and several men, children, and about fifteen women attended the meetings.” Mrs. Philips says:—“ The strongest impression that came to me during our all too short stay on the Ibis was how unlimited is our opportunity for evangelistic teaching, how pathetic the needs of men, women and children, and how ready they are to listen; on the other hand, how feeble are our efforts. As a rule, Copts, Catholics and Moslems alike are willing and often eager to hear God’s Word. An Egyptian recently remarked, ‘Our people are hungry for the Bread of Life.’ “At one town near Luxor we went to a mourning, the men to speak to the men, while the evangelist took me to the women. He asked if he should stay. At first I refused, thinking I would be freer in Arabic if alone. But he persisted. I yielded, feeling perhaps the Lord was planning this way. And so it appeared. I asked him to read John 6. Then, as I talked, he would often am­ plify my remarks or explain my sentence in simpler language. So we talked for more than an hour. Ten Mohammedan women were present. One asked, ‘Is what you are saying better than Islam?’ We told her, ‘Yes.’ Another said, ‘Is then, Islam of no use?’ And we told her Islam was no use for salvation. Egypt—Harem Work. 105 “ Through another mourning in Luxor, itself, a little Sabbath meeting has begun in a Roman Catholic house, the house of a woman who was present at the mourning and was deeply inter­ ested in all that was said.” This meeting is still kept up. So the record of the year goes. Only the One Who reads all motives sees every effort made for His glory, knows the prayers and tears of His handmaidens, and has promised that His Word shall not return to Him void, can tell the real result of the year. To one who has this year been a novice in harem work, the need for more workers is appalling. To see town after town, village after village and know that the women are in darkness and no one to go to them to tell them of the One Who died for them is heart breaking. Will not the young women at home in the midst of their interests and pleasures hear the voice of their Egyptian sisters? In one large town a woman said, “Won’t you come once a month to visit us ?” But the days of the month will not suffice to visit all the towns even once. “ Pray ye, therefore, the Lord of the harvest that He thrust forth laborers into His harvest.” io6 Egypt—Educational Work.

EDUCATIONAL WORK.

BY PROF. W. W. HICKMAN.

SUMMARY OF STATISTICS. Number of schools—For Girls ...... 45 For Boys ...... 148 193 Number of teachers (other than missionaries in charge) Women ...... 189 Men ...... 336 525 Number of pupils—Girls ...... 5,517 Boys ...... 11,434 1— 16,951 Number of pupils paying tuition ...... 13,977 Number of pupils free tuition ...... ■...... 2,974 ------16,951 Number of schools directly under care of missionaries . . . 28 Number of schools in out-stations ...... 165 193 Grade of schools— Theological Seminary ...... 1 College ...... 1 Girls’ Boarding Schools ...... 6 Preparatory Schools ...... 185 ------193 Religion of pupils— Protestants ...... 4,490 Copts ...... 8,883 Moslems ...... 2,716 Others .. 862 16,951 Nationality of pupils— Egyptians ...... 16,028 Others ...... 923 16,951 Receipts— From native sources, tuition and boarding fees, etc...... $113,992 Donations, endowments, and miscellaneous ...... 9.°°S Mission treasury ...... 39,189

Expenses— Total for all educational work ...... $162,186

In the beginning of the year 1912 a most careful survey of our educational work was made. A committee, consisting of Rev. C. R. Watson, D.D., and T. H. P.. Sailer, Ph.D., and Prof. R. S. McClenahan traveled from one end of the country to the other and studied, not only our own schools, but the Govern­ ment, Coptic, Moslem and Provincial schools and others. Every facility was afforded them by the various schools to look into Egypt—Educational Work. 107 their past history and present work and their future plans. After they had made this survey, a special committee, representing the different stations of our Mission field met with them in Assiut, and studied for a number of days the educational problems of the country in their relation to our Mission. The findings of this committee were again considered by a special conference of the Mission held at Ramleh. Since the findings of this conference represent so much thorough investigation, and since they so vitally affect our whole educational problem, I quote them in full: “The following findings, presented by the Educational Con­ ference held at Assiut, January 29th to February 2nd, 1912, are heartily endorsed as a result of a further survey of the educa­ tional situation at the General Conference at Schütz, April 29th to May 5th, 1912, and are embodied here as a part of the find­ ings of this General Conference. “ 1. The importance and value of missionary educational work in the past have abundant witness borne to them not only within missionary circles but even outside these circles. The solid achievements of a half century of missionary effort, the de­ velopment of a native Evangelical Church with a stable and sturdy corporate life, the liberal provision of leaders for Chris­ tian work, the presence in all ranks of society of those either pro­ fessing Christianity or favorable to it—these all are results traceable to the splendid work of missionary education in Egypt during the past. Abundant testimony is at hand also from pub­ lic men, officials of experience and judgment in Egyptian educa­ tional affairs, setting forth the value and service to the nation rendered by missionary education in the Valley of the Nile. For this noble record of the past there is occasion for profound gratitude to God, and for a renewed appreciation of the services rendered by those whose lives are built into this record. “2. A study of the modern educational situation in Egypt reveals the fact that developments of far-reaching significance have taken place, affecting vitally the character, methods, and conditions of all educational work. The invasion of the East by Western ideas and learning has resulted in a modification of even the most conservative type of Moslem education—that of the Azhar. Dissolution or reformation seems imminent here. In more liberal circles, the passion for education continues un­ abated but seems to be crystallizing into certain definite educa­ tional molds, following, unfortunately, the unelastic and nar­ row curriculum of the Government. This curriculum, prepared for civil service training, is commonly recognized as unsuitable * or general and popular education, but its dominance over the entire educational life of Egypt so far as boys are concerned is now sweeping and almost absolute. Liberty still continues only m the education of girls. Meanwhile a new educational move­ ment has appeared whose financial resources at least bespeak for io8 Egypt—Educational Work.

it a great future. It is the system of education just being launched under the Provincial Councils. Its development has not yet proceeded far enough to make it possible to characterize it with definiteness or assurance. The drift from ancient Islamic traditions, the continued popular eagerness for education, the dominance of the Government curriculum and the rise of Pro­ vincial Councils’ schools—these constitute the chief features of the present educational situation. “3. Weighing carefully the significance of recent education­ al changes and recognizing the exacting conditions of the modern educational world, we believe it to be the part of supreme strategy, first of all, to strengthen existing missionary work. Phenomenal advances in education in Egypt will no longer tolerate moderate efficiency and inadequate equipment in educa­ tional work. Efficiency must be secured even at the sacrifice of enlargement of educational work. Quantity must be sacrificed, where necessary, to quality. No new school preparing for the present Government primary or secondary certificates and de­ pendent upon the Mission for support, with the exception of the Cairo Central Boys’ School, should be developed, while existing schools should carefully determine the number of scholars which their staff and equipment will enable them to minister to efficiently and should refuse admittance to a greater number. “4. We recommend the institution of a system of school in­ spection with one inspector (or more) who shall be a mission­ ary qualified by special training for this work and giving his whole time to this work’ of supervision. Co-operating in this work and in the development oi an educational policy, there should be constituted a permanent General Educational Com­ mittee of the Mission with subordinate Committees for Upper and Lower Egypt. By an adequate system of school inspection, we believe (a) that greater teaching efficiency can be secured in our Christian Evangelical schools, (b) that missionaries in charge of districts will thus be relieved of technical school supervision and be set free for more direct evangelistic work in their schools, (c) that the educational work of the several dis­ tricts will become more unified and better correlated, (d) that more efficient and scientific methods will be discovered and ap­ plied in our educational work, and (c) that a powerful impulse may be given also to schools under the care of the native Church. “ 5. We also believe that there is an urgent need for teacher- training. This will call (a) for teacher-training courses at such schools as are now sending out teachers, (b) for the establish­ ment ultimately of a strong teacher-training school at some suit­ able center, (c) for the organization of teachers’ institutes or summer schools, and (d) for reaching teachers by correspond­ ence giving to them suggestions and inspiration. To a c q u a i n t missionaries engaged in educational work with the best educa­ tional methods of the West, we believe further that provision Egypt—Educational Work. 109

should be made for special study on their part along these lines during their periods of furlough. “6. To provide for the needs of the highest Christian edu­ cation in Egypt, we believe that an institution of higher educa­ tion should be established in the Delta, with a foundation and with resources making possible its development into a Christian University for the entire Valley of the Nile. Such an institution would, of course, meet immediate needs for higher Christian education in Cairo and the Delta, but more especially is it needed as a capstone to all Christian and missionary effort in the Nile Valley and to the extensive and well organized system of Chris­ tian education which exists in Egypt as a result of the past fifty years of American missionary effort. It is demanded by the total absence of any Christian University either in Egypt or in all Northern Africa. If adequately equipped, its establishment in Egypt and at Cairo— the educational centre of Islam—would be of strategic value to Christian missions throughout the world in connection with every effort to reach the Moslem world. “7. We believe that steps should be taken to discover some method of approaching the Government successfully to urge that in the educational system of Egypt the Christian Sabbath be per­ mitted to Christians and that some provision be made in the Government curriculum for a broader and more elastic training than that now presented in the secondary curriculum. We also believe that Provincial Councils should be approached to urge upon them the granting of suitable educational privileges to na­ tive Christians or the giving of aid to native Christian Schools. We also believe that steps should be taken to secure closer co­ operation with the liberal Coptic leaders in the development of Christian education, and in the introduction of Sabbath-schools in connection with Coptic schools. “8. In view of the almost complete absence of vital Chris­ tian instruction in non-mission schools of Egypt, we believe that a new emphasis should be placed upon religious and moral in­ struction in our Mission schools, (a) The observance of the daily hour for religious instruction should be safe-guarded. (b) A suitable curriculum with suitable text-books for the re­ ligious instruction of the several grades should be worked out. (c) The teaching of moral maxims and religious truth should be accomplished by methods putting such maxims and truth into practice, (d) A careful use should be made of every possible method for exerting a wholesome and religious influence outside of the class hour, as by the Sabbath-school, the Christian En­ deavor, the church services, the missionary society, social serv­ ice, contact with the home, civic improvement and benevolence.” The Mission has, of course, had neither time nor men nor money to put all these plans into effect. The slight decrease in attendance compared to that of last year is due to the competi­ tion of other schools, as mentioned in the findings, and to an at­ no Egypt—Educational Work. tempt of some of our schools to strive after quality rather than quantity.

ALEXANDRIA. BOYS’ CENTRAL SCHOOL. Mr. Henderson writes:—In teaching force we have made a few changes. The American teacher in the commercial depart­ ment returned home at the end of June and Miss Katherine St. Clair arrived for the opening of the term, September 3rd. In spite of some prejudice at first against a lady teacher in this de­ partment, she has proved successful as a teacher and disciplinar­ ian. Her character, ability, and faithfulness have won the co­ operation of her pupils. The arrival of Mr. Gilmor about Octo­ ber 1 st had a fine effect, too, on the school, not only because of efficient instruction rendered by him, but also because his pres­ ence and example have been an inspiration to the students and to the teachers as well. Our enrolment has been smaller than for 1911, but the rea­ son has been that we have had fewer irregular pupils. There has been a slight increase in the higher classes in spite of the poor record made in the Government primary examination last summer. Our commercial department shows an increase in the number and proportion of Moslem young men. Out of an en­ rolment of 2 9 for the year, 12, or over 44%, were Moslems. In the enrolment lor the fall term the Moslem students have been about 52% in this department. The work done in the school is of a better educational standard than last year or the year before, showing increasing growth and permanency and consequently greater opportunity for us to break down prejudice, enlighten ignorance, and preach the Gospel to those who will be in to-morrow’s activities, com­ mercial and otherwise. All the boys willingly take the Bible lessons and the chapel attendance has been almost perfect. One student of the commercial department recently united with the church. Some of the Moslem students have shown an attitude of in­ quiry toward the truth. In place of prejudice and bigotry, shown on entrance to the school, some have progressed so far as to meet with missionaries to inquire about the way of life. One Copt and some Syrians, too, are evincing concern about their spiritual welfare and are attending Christian Endeavor and other meetings. The general outlook is quite hopeful. The newest depart­ ment (the commercial) has a reputation for consistent work to sustain, and given the chance, will not only sustain but advance it. If not by means of such schools, how are we going to turn the commercial life of Egypt from greed and selfishness to that Egypt—Educational Work. iii

condition exhorted to by the Apostle Paul, “ Not slothful in busi­ ness, fervent in spirit, serving the Lord ?” THE CENTRAL GIRLS’ SCHOOL. Miss Finney writes:—When the school closed for its sum­ mer vacation in July, one of the school girls, on being asked whether or not she was coming back next year, burst into tears and exclaimed, “ I want to but what is the use? There will be no school next year. All the teachers are leaving!” However, even though Miss McDowell, Miss Mitchell, Miss Graham, and two other favorite teachers left, yet when the time came to open school again in October, there were others to take their places. The vacant places were filled, though at the cost of postponing cherished plans for undertaking a work for Moslem women in the Delta. As a school we are adhering rather firmly to the courses of study planned by the committee on girls’ schools and authorized by the Missionary Association. My eighteen years in school work in Egypt have shown me some of the difficulties in that work and I find that this course of study, while not yet perfect, has to a very large extent lessened the difficulties in classifying and regulating school work, making it more systematic and thorough'. At the same time it is itself a recommendation of our schools to our patrons, who, when they understand that a course of study used by all the American schools for girls in Egypt is being followed, are inspired with greater confidence. Since the beginning of the school three years ago, an at­ tempt was made to conduct a teachers’ training class in connec­ tion with the kindergarten. The very successful experiment was carried through, and last spring the members of the training class were given certificates of progress. All of the girls who took the training are now teachers in our schools in Alexandria and are giving splendid evidence that it pays to give attention to the training of our teachers. The spiritual life of the school is in a fairly good condition,* but we long for better things. We must confess to a spirit of worldliness, the same that is enthralling the whole land of Egypt. Surely we need to watch and pray. Unless our schools can be truly an aggressive force in the warfare against spiritual wickedness in high places, we had better use our energies else­ where.

HARET EL-YAHUD SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Miss McClenahan reports:—There were eight girls in the class that took their six year certificates in July. Of this num­ ber, one is teaching in the school; one is shut up in a harem, and one, a Jewess, has gone to a sister in London to continue her 112 Egypt—Educational Work.

studies, while the other five are all in the Central School this year, and all but one of them expect to finish the course and be­ come teachers. We find these little certificates are a great in­ centive to better work; and then, to go to the Central School, is an ideal which many of the girls are striving to attain. In the highest class we follow the text, “ The King and His Kingdom,” by Veach, and the girls have a much fuller and richer vision of Christ because of this study. Since July a number of the girls have spoken of how much they appreciated this study of Christ. Another class also seemed to become especially inter­ ested during this year. At the time in which this deep*er interest was awakened, one little Jewess told her teacher that if the Jews did not believe in Jesus Christ, she did. Another said she prayed, “ O Lord, give the teacher good thoughts about Jesus to tell us in the morning.” A third said she had always quarreled with her brothers and sisters, but now she was trying to be kind to them. And so they each told us what they were doing out of school, some teaching their brothers or sisters and others their little neighbors the story of Jesus

KAFR ASHARI GIRLS’ SCHOOL. Miss Cabeen writes:—The regularity of attendance is much better than heretofore, and the children take a deep interest in their work. Each year finds it more firmly established and its influence extending further into that great dark Mohammedan quarter. The girls listen with much interest to the Bible lessons and are always anxious to repeat the stories. One of our Mo­ hammedan girls has been greatly persecuted because of her be­ lief in Christ, but whenever it is possible for her to slip away from home she comes to the school and is always eager to learn more of the way of truth.

KARMUS GIRLS’ SCHOOL. Miss Cabeen also writes of this school as follows:—The most of our girls are Mohammedans, and their attendance has been regular. It has been necessary to turn some away because of lack of room. A Mohammedan school was opened just across the street the past year, and an effort was made to draw away some of our girls, but in this they were not successful. They even offered one of our older Mohammedan girls a position as teacher, and when urged by her father to accept she replied, “ If I cannot go to my own school I will stay at home.” She continues to come, giving part of her time as a pupil teacher, and seems so happy in her work. Egypt—Educational Work. i i 3 MONSURAH. BOYS’ CENTRAL SCHOOL. Rev. A. A. Thompson reports:—The educational situation in this district on the whole has changed little from that reported last year. The Monsurah boys’ school, during the last three months, has come into possession of a much better school property. It is the same property formerly occupied with some much needed ad­ ditional room. The girls’ school, which has occupied the Mission property jointly with the boys’ school, moved out to a rented property in September. This gave the girls’ school a much more suitable place, and left for the boys two or three nice rooms. It also made possible the clearing of our property of a temporary building, in order to make a small playground of about 150 square yards for the boys. This gives us a ground for exercise. When you realize that there are more than 150 boys to play in this yard, you can certainly sympathize with us in our desire for a little more playground. Rev. J. W. Baird is giving the boys some good training in basketball, as well as good sound English daily. If you could only see those boys play, no further demonstration would be needed to make you realize our appreciation of all we have. All this is raising the standing of the school in the community. The religious teaching is being well received. Each class re­ ceives a daily lesson from the Word. A week or two ago we suc­ ceeded in getting about half of the total number of boys to our Sabbath-school. This meant a number of Moslem boys. The boys of the fourth year (or highest class) have been attending the Christian Endeavor Society quite regularly. MONSURAH DISTRICT SCHOOLS. In the district we have had great competition. In two of the villages where we have schools, the Provincial Council has opened schools, one in January and the other in February. At Aga, the attendance of our school was not affected. At Simbella- wein about half of the boys left. At the beginning of January, 1912, we had about 120 boys in our school. In March the at­ tendance dropped to 60. By September there were only 25. At the present time the attendance is about 60 again. Mit Ghamer has held its own quite well, in spite of the Coptic and Moslem opposition. We have an Assiut College graduate as principal of the school. He is an excellent fellow, thoroughly evangelistic and capable, and is doing good work. This past year on two different occasions we gathered all the teachers of the district together. At the first meeting, Prof. R- S. McClenahan was present and gave them a splendid address. At another time we had a meeting to hear the report of the H4 Egypt—Educational Work.

Assiut Prayer -Conference from two of our number who were privileged to attend. At another time we gathered the principals of the district schools, in for a conference on the religious side of the work. The experiment more than proved the absolute neces­ sity of such meetings if our schools and teachers, too, are to ac complish their purpose in this field.

MONSURAH GIRLS’ SCHOOL. Miss Be?l writes:—A number of our girls who did not know the Saviorir a year ago are now faithfully testifying to His sav­ ing power, striving daily to live for Him. Three of these are from Moslem homes. A class of five girls was graduated in June. One of these is now doing good work as our primary teacher. Of the others, those who are permitted by their fathers to go out of the house are often present at the weekly Christian Endeavor meeting and the monthly meeting of the Missionary Society. For health reasons our dear Miss Chalmers was compelled to go home in June. Her brief service here was an uplift to all the lives she touched. Her life led us out of self and upward to Him Whom she served. We are, indeed, thankful for the help now being given by our new missionaries, Mrs. Baird and Miss Dickey. In answer to prayer, we were enabled to rent a house where the school has been comfortably housed since September i. We have a wee play ground-—and how the girls do enjoy it! Our American desks were two months late in arriving, but we are en­ joying them all the more for the shifts we had to make while waiting for them. Our attendance is less than last year because of the opening of Government and other schools, whose equipment far excels ours. Opposition has been such at times that we needed to re­ member the admonition, “ Pray for them that despitefully use you and persecute you.” They who have remained with us are those who want the moral and religious training our school gives. This has made possible a degree of earnest and faithful work in all the classes, and a response to personal work that has brought great joy to the workers. A little blind girl is being taught by the Braille system. She is just ready to begin reading her new Gospel, which was a pres­ ent to her from the Intermediate Y. P. C. U., of Tarkio, Mo. Thirteen girls have memorized the Helen Gould selections and received the prize Bibles. “ Jesus in the Midst” is our school motto. Egypt—Educational Work. 115 ZAKAZIK. BOYS’ CENTRAL AND DISTRICT SCHOOLS. Rev. Mr. Hart writes:—The year 1912 was a rather trying one in this district, owing largely to the opening of new schools by the Government and individuals. Some of the village schools lost heavily at the beginning of the school year, but this loss was made up in part later. The Central School in the city has a larger attendance than last year. We cannot rejoice in an in­ creased attendance, but we can rejoice that we have been able to hold our own against the opposition which we meet. The tuitions received were deplorably less than last year. We were not able to demand so large a fee, since there were so many other schools to which the pupils could go. As a center of Gospel light, we think the schools are stronger than the year before. Regular preaching service, as well as Sabbath-schools either on Sabbath days or on week even­ ings, were kept up in all the village schools except one which had the Sabbath-school only. This last is not in a church-going com­ munity, but the teacher, after Sabbath-school, went to the houses or wherever he could find men together, and talked with them on religious subjects. We think the religious instruction in the schools was better than in former years, the teachers taking an increased interest in the spiritual part of the work. Some of the teachers of this district attended a prayer con­ ference held at Zeitun for teachers and colporteurs. They were much helped spiritually, and I think have done better work in the schools since the conference. ZAKAZIK GIRLS' SCHOOL. Miss French writes:—There has been an increased attend­ ance of both Copts and Moslems, the Moslem attendance having the larger proportion of increase, in spite of the opening of a fine new Moslem school in town. We are thankful for increased diligence on the part of the pupils, better order, and a better spirit manifest among the larger girls. Some of the children seem much interested in their Bible lessons, and we are glad to see growing in them an understanding of spiritual things. But we are saddened again to report that not one girl has definitely chosen the Christ as her Saviour, although some seem very near the Kingdom.

KAFR EL-HUKAMA. Mrs. Hart writes:—I am glad to say that the daily average was better than last year. The regular Sabbath-school work has been kept up although with a smaller attendance than formerly. However, the weekly prayer meeting in the school has been well attended. i i 6 Egypt—Educational Work.

We were-able ter promote a class of seven girls to the Cen­ tral School this year, and although they are almost all poor girls, we are Tioping that there'may be found among them some whom the Lord may use in-His service. We have two little Moslem girls who come in every day on a donkey, from a village about an hour away. We have many Moslem friends here whose ac­ quaintance we made through the school children. If I can have the company of boys or girls who have been with me in school, I am not afraid to go anywhere. .

BENHA. BOYS’ SCHOOL AND DISTRICT SCHOOLS. Rev. Mr. Walker writesThe boys’ school in Benha is do­ ing well. Five boys were examined for the primary certificate last summer and three obtained it. This has helped the school no doubt this year. There have been over forty Moslem boys in attendance who take their Bible lessons every day without ob­ jection. A fairly good'number of the boys', both Copts* and Mos­ lems, attend the Sabbath-school. The village schools are not very satisfactory. There are so many provincial schools, also industrial schools and Moslem pri­ mary schools, that they take most of the boys.

BENHA GIRLS’ SCHOOL. Miss Piekin reports :—It ,isa pleasure to report that the average monthly enrolment no longer fluctuates as it has done during the last three years, and a foundation has been laid on which a 'model school can be built. To those who are not per­ sonally acquainted with the hardships which the school has en­ dured this time, the work will even yet seem discouraging, but to others it is very encouraging. At the first communion service held this year one of the girls was received into church membership, and she is the “ first fruit.” When Dr. Watson visited us, he presented the Helen Gould Bibles to eight of the girls. ■ Recently a public entertainment was held, and at this time two girls received diplomas. This is the first class which has graduated from the school since its foundation 17 years ago. Special attention must be paid to a series of talks on sin, salvation, etc., which are being given in the Junior meetings. Mohammedans, Copts, Jews and Christians all take part in answering questions, committing Bible verses, etc. Egypt—Educational Work. TANTA. GIRLS’ BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL. Miss McMillan writes:—Heretofore the school has expéri- enced a falling off in attendance after Easter, but .this year it kept up well till the last of June. The attendance in September was twice that of last year. The number that came into the pri­ mary division after September necessitated the securing of an­ other teacher. Music has grown quite popular, almost too much so for our accommodations. The health of the boarders has been quite good. The super­ intendent and one or other of the teachers have gone regularly on Sabbath afternoons to a Moslem village, a half hour’s drive from the school, to do evangelistic work there. A Christian En­ deavor Society is conducted in the school on Sabbath afternoons for the larger girls. Our hearts are filled to overflowing with gratitude to God for the prospect in the not far distant futurfe of a home for this institution. Our prayer is that God may richly bless those who have provided for the land and are now providing so splendidly for the building. We gratefully acknbwledge the receipt of a partial scholar­ ship ($25) from the Moline Young Ladies’ Missionary Society of Rock Island Presbytery. CAIRO. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. Dr. Andrew Watson .writes :—The Rev. S. M-. Zwemer, D.D., has. been added to .the staff of instructors since the first of November, 1912. He has been assigned to give special instruc­ tion on Islam—its history and doctrines. The other professors retain their .places, as before. .. .. At .the. beginning of 1912 . there were 15 students in attend­ ance. On May 22 the seven of the third year finished, the course of study, were examined by a committee from the Synod, re­ ceived the usual testimonial, and were subsequently licensed by their presbyteries. . At the opening of the Seminary in November, 1912, four new students were matriculated, making 12 in attendance from that time till the end ,of December, or four in each of the classes. The students give commendable attention to their lessons and render valuable aid in . the evangelistic work carried on in the city. BOYS’ HIGH SCHOOL. The order of the Association, that at least one year of the advanced course prescribed by the Egyptian Ministry of Educa- ii8 Egypt—Educational Work. tion should be added to the curriculum of this school, has been carried out. Only one year has been added for the present, but this of course promises that another will be put on next year, so that the students shall be prepared to pass the civil service ex­ amination. Two additional teachers have been employed to care for this additional class, and also to provide in a more efficient way for the other classes. Eighteen boys have been enrolled in the advanced course, ten of them being from the lower class of our own school. The new class has been so arranged for that the fees paid meet the additional expense for instruction. The total enrolment is not so large as in previous years, yet it has given us a larger average attendance. On the day that the Ministry of Education ordered a census to be taken in De­ cember last 316 boys were present in their classes to answer to their names. One hundred and thirty-two of the students are on the roll of regular attendants at the weekly meeting of the Christian En­ deavor Society. Not all take part in the meetings. A number of Moslem boys attend regularly. The fact that 132 boys are will­ ing to remain for a meeting after four o’clock, when their com­ panions have been dismissed to their homes is evidence of the interest which is maintained in the exercises. At least one of the teachers is voluntarily present to direct the boys in their pro­ ceedings. Six of the members of this society have professed their faith in Christ as their Saviour, and were admitted by the session of the congregation to fellowship in the church this year. Besides the daily morning chapel exercises, and the prayer at the close of the school in the evening, and the daily lesson in the Bible which is given in every class, I have noticed that some of the teachers, after chapel, before the work of the day begins in the class room, have a short prayer with the pupils of their classes. I think that this shows not only the piety, but also the spirit of the teacher, as doing his work in reliance on divine help and realizing the divine presence. The school maintains its place in the confidence of the peo­ ple as one inculcating a higher standard of morals than is to be found in other schools of the city. It is for those who love Christ to say whether this school shall be provided with the means for improvement and enlargement, which shall enable it to maintain this confidence and to grow into larger usefulness. When there is such an eagerness on the part of all classes of the people for education, and when there is such a willingness on the part of Moslems and Jews to receive the Christian teaching given, in order to get the other training that is given along with this, what can offer greater attraction to a man to whom the Lord has given wealth than to provide with a portion of that wealth a thor­ oughly equipped institution for higher learning in this greates. Egypt—Educational Work. 119

city of the continent of Africa, which has been fitly termed by an expert in missions to Moslems the “brain center of Islam.” CAIRO GIRLS’ COLLEGE. Miss Buchanan writes:—“Neither know we what to do but our eyes are upon thee.” “ Our suffering is of God.” These two messages came either consciously or unconsciously to the whole Mission when the word fell heavily upon our hearts, “ Miss Kyle has gone.” Miss Kyle, whose name and the name of the College could scarcely be separated; Miss Kyle, the center, the inspira­ tion, the life, the mother of the institution—and with one voice we have said or felt as Israel of old, “ Neither know we what to do but our eyes are upon thee.” The blow fell upon us in the middle of the year—in June— just as commencement preparations were in progress. A real spiritual revival had taken place a short time before in the College, when about forty of the girls gave their hearts to the Saviour. Fourteen at one time united with the church, and Miss Kyle had the joy of sitting down at the table of the Lord with many of her girls who had just entered the Kingdom for service. Her heart must have sung glad praises as she saw this rich in­ gathering. We who looked on and rejoiced with her felt that it was the beginning of great things for the College; but it was almost at this crowning moment that the Master put forth His hand and said, “ Well done good and faithful servant enter now into the joy—the complete, the eternal joy and rest of thy Lord.” This event overshadows every other event of the year’s his­ tory. And one cannot help feeling that it must overshadow the years to come. Had not our eyes been fixed upon our God, our hearts would have failed us, but our suffering is of Him. And with the firm trust that the same God Who blessed the College from its beginning will bless it still, we have gone forward. The writer was asked to take charge in September. The difficulties were many and great at the opening of the new term. Miss Atchison, who had been associated with Miss Kyle, had to re­ turn to America for her furlough, so the break in the manage­ ment of the institution was absolute. Eight new teachers were also added to the staff, or rather replaced those who had been connected with the school. So it required some time for the or­ ganization of the institution to be completed. In November Miss Pattison arrived from America. At present, the staff consists of eleven American ladies, seven Syrian, five French, two Greek, one Italian, one English and an Arab master for writing and a Syrian master for higher Arabic composition. This rather cosmopolitan company of 29 persons are with two exceptions all Protestant Christians, with one great earnest purpose before them. The harmony and gpod will and real fellowship of these who, of varied nationalities and varied tongues, live together as one 120 Egypt—Educational Work.

family, is an illustration of the power of' this religion of ours which makes us one in Christ Jesus. « . < We have in the college in the student body twelve nationali­ ties and five religious creeds, and here again we see how Chris­ tianity binds all together so that race distinctions are lost sight of and old prejudices are broken down. One hundred and sev­ enty-five Mohammedan girls sitting side by side with their Cop­ tic sisters listen every morning to the Gospel story—the story that tells us that there is no difference between Jew and Greek when the love of Christ is in the heart. The daughter of a high Moslem pasha sitting in a seat beside a beautiful little Jewess frequently requests that we sing— “ Christ shall have dominion over land and sea.” Most of the girls.are from homes of wealth and influence. Thirty-one pashas, and 180 beys send their chil­ dren to us. The influence of this institution, who can estimate ? We have been fortunate this half year in having Dr. Zwemer to give us chapel talks twice a week. One bright f Mohammedan young woman, the daughter of a very prominent judge, said of those chapel lectures, “ Oh, we would not miss them for ¡anything. We can hardly wait till he comes back to; speak to us again.” The Christian Endeavor, meetings are well attended and also the Sabbath-school. The thankoffering from the College society last year amounted to over $135.00. Our greatest need is the interest of the home Church in this institution which ought to stand at the head of Christian educa­ tion for girls in the whole of the Levant. It ought to have a very special place in the prayers and gifts of the home Church. We need the continued prayers of the whole Mission and the Church in Egypt that the great loss which the Collège has sustained during the past year may be overruled and that the weak hands of those left in charge may be upheld. We need a chapel. We have no assembly room which will accommodate more than half our number of pupils. We need more dormitories. Our beds are full and we have no more space left in which to put more. We need to raise our debt which weighs down heavily upon all our hearts. We need most of all the spirit of wisdom to know how to train these precious lives that are sent to us to be trained for the Master’s service. Before closing we wish to thank those who have given so much help and sympathy during these trying months. To Dr. and M'rs. Zwemer and Miss Miller, Secretary of the Y . W. C. A. in Cairo, and to all others who have encouraged and cheered and strengthened, we wish to say a hearty “thank you.”

EZBAKIYAH GIRLS’ SCHOOL. Miss Martin writes :—The work of the school has been en­ couraging and fruitful so far as we are able to judge results.’ Egypt—Educational Work. 121

Seven girls—six of them boarders—made profession of their faith in Jesus Christ and united with the church. Our hearts were made glad when each of these gave her heart to the Lord, but our joy was complete the evening we gathered quietly in the church and witnessed the baptism of one of our Moham­ medan girls. For months -she had pleaded for baptism, her face and life testifying constantly to her real change of heart and the depth of her new life in Jesus Christ. She was not of age, and we felt we must secure the permission of her family. Her father is not living, and the oldest brother, who is next in authority, was in the Sudan. But in the spring when the dear girl felt al­ most in despair this brother came from the Sudan, and, to our surprise, gave the permission for her baptism. He was so pleased with his sister that he found it hard to refuse her, and he may be one of the Mohammedans who is such only in name. But all the members of the family were not willing, and she has suf­ fered already for His sake. She was taken out of school about a month ago and is now like one imprisoned. Pray earnestly for her and for us that we may be given wisdom to do for her just what He would have us do. Two other Mohammedan girls are believers in Christ as their Saviour and would like to be baptized. One is afraid she might be taken out of school, and as she has only one more year she is going to wait till she is of age. Just now the Lord is working in the heart of our oldest Jewess—a girl of sixteen or seventeen years. She resented all Bible study and was very bigoted when she first came to us. Now she has her Bible in her hand about half the time these vacation days. We have dropped French from our course of study this fall. This has caused us to lose a number of European girls. But others have taken their places and the day school remains at its usual number. We are to graduate a class of twelve girls this year. Of last year’s class, five are teaching and two are taking work in the College. We should like to give the girls of this class who desire to teach an extra year in normal training.

HARET ES-SAKKAIN SCHOOL. Miss Barnes reports:—If it be true that “ variety is the spice of life,” then this school should, be well spiced, for it has had five different superintendents this year. Miss Walker, Mrs. McClena- han, Mrs. Roy, Miss Thompson and the writer having had it in charge at various times. One of the primary teachers was sick and sent her sister as substitute for about ten weeks. Otherwise the teachers and pupils seem to have moved along in their re­ spective grooves with very little friction. The Christian En­ deavor Society of the School pays the tuition of a girl in the 122 Egypt—Educational Work.

Ezbakiyah school. She belongs to a class of girls who were pro­ moted from this school last year. One of our little Coptic girls was the means of bringing us into touch with a Moslem woman who is now taking lessons from one of our Bible women. A Moslem girl, who was in school some time ago, wrote her teacher a letter and added a postscript saying, “ I know now that Jesus Christ is the true Son of God.” FAGGALA SCHOOL. Miss Thompson writes:—Miss Paden was superintendent of this school for six months, Miss Kerr for three and a half months and myself the rest of the year. The head teacher, after ten years in the school, was married in the summer and the sec­ ond one became head teacher. Two of those teaching received diplomas from the Ezbakiyah Boarding School and two others spent a time there. It seems a wonderful thing that we have as many pupils as we have, for there are four Coptic schools with­ in a few blocks of us, two of which take the girls free, and one gives part of the clothing and the books to its pupils. In this last, one of our Bible women goes to give a Bible lesson once a week and there has been a meeting for women held weekly for some time. In this and in two others, Bible lessons are given to the whole school, and in one there is now a Sabbath-school which uses our Sabbath-school lesson notes. The Christian Endeavor and Temperance Societies and the Junior Missionary Society were kept up during the year. From the last named two dollars a month were given to the Fowler Orphanage from the subscriptions of the society, and $36 were given as a thankoffering. There is an encouraging number of Moslem children and two or three have endeavored to refuse the Bible lesson, but of course they are in the class with the others. KULALIE GIRLS’ SCHOOL. Miss Kerr reports ¡—There is an increase in enrolment of Moslem children. One interesting fact is that out of the enrol­ ment of 301, there are 300 Egyptians. This is unusual in this city where there are so many nationalities. Our pastor, Rev. Tadros Naseir, has taken a deep interest in the school. He comes in each Thursday morning and conducts a prayer meeting. The women of. the congregation were invited to join in this service, and for the eleven months past we have had an average attendance of 34 women and 172 girls. He gives earnest talks to the girls and women. Shall we not pray that this seed-sowing may bring forth much fruit in these young lives and in the lives of the women? The girls have taken a great interest in the missionary so­ ciety organized in the school. Each class prepares something Egypt—Educational Work. 123

for the meeting and we always are glad when “ Missionary Day” comes. During the year their missionary collections and their thankoffering amounted to about $70.00. M-any of the older girls show a deeper interest in the study of the Word and a desire to attend the Sabbath services. But here we find a serious difficulty. Owing to the fact that we have so many men, women and boys on the Sabbath, we only have room for about 90 girls for Sabbath-school. About half that many can be accommodated for the preaching service. It always makes me sad when I must send the children home. The congre­ gation is endeavoring to raise money for a church of their own, but it is not a wealthy congregation, and I fear it will be a long time ere they may be able to build. FOWLER ORPHANAGE. Miss Barnes reports:—We certainly feel thankful that Miss Smith has been permitted to return to the work in such good health and strength. This has been a year of blessings. We have had very little sickness. Our financial needs have been abundantly supplied. During the evangelistic meetings conducted by Dr. Hunt last fall, five of our girls united with the church. Later a Mos­ lem girl was baptized. Twenty-five of them are professing Christians now. There have been many changes this year. Little Ruth, who had been sick for several years, died in June. Sitt Habasheah had been with Miss Smith ever since the Orphanage was started and had been a most faithful helper. She was granted a leave of absence in January, and went away hoping to return in a few weeks. But her disease had a deeper hold on her than she thought, and she never regained her strength. She died at the home of her sister. We want to express appreciation of the work done by Miss Walker. She came in at a time when there were some very re­ bellious girls to be dealt with, and she did a splendid work of discipline. She also did some heroic doctoring. Thanks are also due to Miss Kerr for her valuable assistance from the time Miss Walker left until the summer vacation. Mrs. Harvey certainly deserves more than a vote of thanks for the great-hearted idea of taking her “vacation” at the Orphanage so that somebody else could get away for a month. Four of our Moslem girls were taken away from us by rela­ tives who feared they would become Christians. Four girls have been received into the Orphanage during the year—three of them Moslems. Three of our girls are nurse-maids in Tanta Hospital, and three are teaching. One was a very satisfactory helper in one of our Mission families for two or three months. There are 43 girls altogether. 124 Egypt—Educational Work.

THE KALIUB ORPHANAGE.

BY THE REV. J. KRUIDENIER, D.D. The Kaliub Orphanage was founded some twelve years ago by Mr. and Mrs. Pennings of the Holland Mission. Mrs. Pen­ nings, who, since childhood had taken a growing interest in an institution for orphans in the Netherlands, upon coming out to this country early sought an opportunity to do something for Egyptian orphans. There being no institution of this kind in Egypt, she and her husband took it as a call from the Lord to start such a work, and having some private funds at her disposal, they purchased a site and building adjoining the Mission prop­ erty at Kaliub, and began their orphanage with' three -children, calling it the “ Orphans’ Refuge.” As the Holland Mission could not provide for the current expenses of the orphanage, and their own private means were wholly insufficient for this purpose, they, from the first, trusted to the Father of orphans for the supply of their daily needs, and He has provided for them most noticeably all these years. Most of the funds for the current expenses have been contributed by the Egyptian people, particularly by those of our own Evangeli­ cal Church, who have always shown a deep interest in this work, receiving in return, the blessing accompanying the providing for God’s poor little ones. When the terrible cholera visited Egypt in 1902, Mrs. Pen­ nings, while attending to one of the orphans, was stricken with cholera and died. Her husband, already deeply interested in the orphanage, now;-became much more so, and bravely carried on the work single-handed. The removal of his first wife, and other circumstances, led him to plan for the permanency of the institution, which resulted in relating it to our own Mission. The property of the orphanage now belongs to our Mission. Mr. Pennings’ salary of £ E. 12^2 per month is paid him by the Mission as an employee of the Mission, for which he looks after the interests of the institution, and, being a clergyman, assists constantly in preaching and other evangelistic work in the Benha district where Kaliub is found, while the current expenses of the Refuge are constantly met by the Heavenly Father, whose pro­ vision has not slacked by reason of the change of administra­ tion. There are at present forty-eight children (boys) in the or­ phanage—Protestants, Mohammedans and Copts. These c h il­ dren are not only lodged, dressed and fed by the orphanage, but educated and trained as well. On the orphanage grounds a humble structure has been erected for school purposes, w h e r e a primary course of study is provided. Religious instruction is given in the school and in the home. On Sabbath day the c h il­ dren attend church services in the morning and a Sabbath-school of their own in the afternoon. It is a pleasure to be able to report Egypt—Educational Work. 125 that the spiritual atmosphere of the home and orphanage is most encouraging. But recently, when a letter from one of Synod’s workers in the Sudan was received, it led to an inquiry as to who might be willing to serve the Lord either in the Sudan or in Egypt. Eight of the orphans offered themselves to be trained for this service. That this is no mere passing emotion is evidenced by the fact that some of the orphans have been and are attending Assiut Training College at the expense of the orphan­ age, while two of them are aiming at the Gospel ministry. Dur­ ing the year four orphans professed faith in Jesus Christ and joined our Evangelical Church at Benha, while two others were baptized. The older of the last two named was a Moslem. I may add that of the boys who have left the orphanage (some fif­ teen all told), some serve as clerks in stores, others in the employ of Thomas Cook & Son, some in the Nile Mission Press and others in trades and as assistants in hospitals and Mission schools. I conclude by relating a most interesting experience that proves the worth of the institution and God’s overshadowing care of it. In the spring of 19 11, when, owing to the leaving of Lord Cromer and the aspirations of the Nationalists, Egypt was stirred by an anti-Christian campaign, three orphans were stolen from the orphanage and deported to the Abbas Orphanage at Alexandria. They were detained at this Moslem institution for fully a year and a half, and efforts were put forth to recover the children religiously as well as otherwise. The boys, however, remained true to their Christian training, and wondered how they might be restored to Kaliub. On the fourteenth of Septem­ ber last, a Moslem feast day, they improved their opportunity of climbing up a tree near the garden wall, and assisting each other over the rather high wall that surrounded the compound, hurried off to the railway station and purchased tickets for Kaliub with money they had managed to save. The arrival of the boys at the orphanage was a great surprise and- furnished occasion for thanksgiving and rejoicing. Two of the three boys were provided with work at Cairo and the third remained at the or­ phanage. After some time inquiries for the boys were made by the Mayor of the town, which, however led to no immediate re­ sults. On the Sabbath preceding Christmas there was a most un­ usual occurrence. While Mr. Pennings and the orphans were re­ turning from church, the chief watchman of the village, with a number of his assistants, suddenly appeared from behind some com stalks where they had hidden, laid hold upon Thabit, the Moslem orphan, and began to lead him away. Mr. Pennings, realizing what was going on, ran forward and threw his arms around his orphan and refused to relinquish him. The chief watchman then used force and tore the boy away, marching him off to a farm at some distance from Kaliub. One may imagine 126 Egypt—Educational Work.

the fear and consternation that followed. Mr. and Mrs. Pen- nings succeeded in quieting the children, however, and after putting them safe in the orphanage, immediately planned for ThaSit’s deliverance from the hands of his kidnappers. See­ ing that the chief watchman, an officer who was supposed to keep the peace, and not disturb it, was involved, Mr. Pennings proceeded to headquarters at Kaliub and complained of his conduct to his superiors. As these tried to put him off with nice promises, he threatened to telegraph by a certain time of day to Lord Kitchener and the Interior should said officers not return his boy. Ostensibly these men undertook to find the lad, but as the boy failed to appear at the time mentioned, Mr. Pen­ nings telegraphed to Lord Kitchener and to the Department of the Interior. Towards evening the officer who had engaged to right things returned in an automobile and passed Mr. Pennings in the road. He smiled at our friend and remarked, “Of course you have not sent the telegram ?” “ O, yes I have,” was the reply. “As you failed to keep your word, I could not do otherwise. I insist upon the return of our boy.” The officer, hearing that a telegram had been sent, changed his conduct immediately and rode away saying, “ I will take immediate measures to bring him.” By twelve o’clock at night he humbly returned the lad whom they had tried to persuade to go back to Alexandria, but who stood firm in his praises of the orphanage and refused to commit himself. In view of the telegram sent, Mr. Pennings and the writer went the following day to the Chief of the Public Security De­ partment at Cairo to explain the telegram. This man being an Englishman, and hearing the story, realized the seriousness of the charge and forthwith telegraphed for an English inspector to proceed to Kaliub and inquire about the case. The inspector did his work most thoroughly, and reported to his chief, with the re­ sult that they cordially approved of what Mr. Pennings had done, and asked him whether he insisted on taking the matter to the Premier, before whom, owing to the gravity of the offense, it should be brought, and which if done would lead to very seri­ ous consequences to all involved, not excluding the Governor of the Province; or whether he would be content with the Chief of the Public Security Department reprimanding the officials at Kaliub very strongly and engaging to safeguard his interests in the future. Mr. Pennings wisely chose the latter course, thereby making them his friends. The offenders were profuse in their thanks subsequently. Thus the orphanage is protected and blessed and its good work goes on in the saving of valuable lives to the glory of God. Egypt—Educational Work. 127

FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF YEAR. From November, 1911, to November, 1912. By balance of preceding y e a r ...... $ 143-50 By receipts including above balance...... 2,359.84 To expenses of orphanage ...... 2,300.45 By balance on hand ...... 59-39

Contributions from Holland, Europe ...... $156.57 Contributions from Miss Watson, U. S. A ...... 5.05 Contributions from Miss Isabella S te w a rt...... 25.00 Miss Isabella Stewart engaged to provide for one of our orphans $50.00 annually. BENI SUEF. BOYS’ CENTRAL AND VILLAGE SCHOOLS. Rev. Mr. Adams reports:—The year’s work in the Beni Suef boys’ school shows some encouraging features. Attendance the first half of the year if not surpassing former years, at least equalled them. Daily religious instruction to all the classes, with daily chapel exercises for all together has been followed all year, and has been improved during the latter half of the year. For the first time the school sent a class to the Government examinations for the primary certificate. The result, while not wholly satis­ factory in the number of students who were successful, yet showed that good work had been done in teaching, especially in view of the fact that owing to cramped quarters and lack of teachers, the two highest classes studied and recited in the same room. During the last four months of the year attendance has greatly decreased. The Coptic boys’ school has taken on new life by being moved into new quarters, and greatly strengthened in its teaching force. And this attraction, together with strong pressure brought to bear by the Coptic bishop and clergy upon all Coptic parents to send their boys to their own school, has greatly depleted the ranks of our school. The many strong schools in Beni Suef—Moslem, Coptic and Catholic—make it difficult for our school even to hold its own with its present quarters and equipment. The work in the village schools has continued as usual. One school has been greatly improved during the year, two have moved along in the usual way and the fourth has had varying fortunes, owing to the opening of a provincial school with all necessary equipment. Part of the year the school was crowded, but on two different occasions there was a general exodus of students to the other school, making it necessary either again to bring up the attendance or leave the school weak. The latter course is more likely to be the “Hobson’s choice,” which is left to the school. This latter school and the central school in Beni 128 Egypt—Educational Work.

Suef are feeling especially the stress of the demands which pres­ ent day ideas of education are making upon those who manage schools in Egypt. BENI SUEF GIRLS’ SCHOOL. Miss Hammond writes:—This school was quite prosperous before the opening of the Coptic girls’ school in May or June, and instead of the 150 enrolled before the summer vacation, we have barely 80 enrolled at the end of December. If Miss Ferrier had been permitted to remain here, she could, without doubt, have gathered back many more than the newcomers have been able to brings One encouraging feature is that our four lady teachers are all communing Protestants and greatly interested in religious things. FAIYUM. GIRLS’ CENTRAL SCHOOL. Miss Hammond reports:—This school seems only now to have regained what it lost in 1908 when Miss Martin went home on furlough, for the past two months have shown a marked in­ crease in attendance and tuitions over all these intervening years. It is doing splendid work. Our large Mohammedan girls have left us again because their parents would lose their positions in the province if th-eir daughters did not attend 'the provincial school. Two of our teachers are daughters of Protestant ministers. ASSIUT. ASSIUT COLLEGE. Prof. Russell reports as follows:-—The annual report of the College is offered with much thankfulness. The work of the past year has gone forward steadily and quietly. Though there is no particular part of our work in which remarkable develop­ ment has taken place, yet the year may be called noteworthy be­ cause of the way in which the total work has gone forward. In a hundred ways the College has made progress. Everywhere there are marks of a higher grade of efficiency, of a more sub­ stantial quality of work. Our permanent staff has been deprived of Professor Bell by his transfer to the General Treasurership. His help has been seriously missed in all parts of the life of the school. Mr. F. S. Hoyman has been located at Assiut and associated with the college work. His thorough knowledge of the College, and his experience in its work has made it possible for him at once to enter effectively into all its activities. Mr. R. H. Elliott of MUSEtJM OF ASSI UT COM. KO K. Í * o tt r r y ti tu/ s k u l l s p i i ' s e n t e d b y f*t n j . I-'Jitt ti n s * W i rV\ th r / a m on* J'-K} 'f> t<*log is /. and attattgni th*' sn p rtï ision •>/' ///,■ AVt ../ A*. Alfkam trr, /?./>. Egypt—Educational Work. 129

Westminster College, and Messrs. S. P. Laing and W. S. Wood- burn, of Muskingum College, have joined the teaching staff dur­ ing the year. Miss Ida Whiteside, of the temporary staff, left the College in May, having completed her three years of teach­ ing. In these she did most efficient work. Especially valuable was her help on all the phases of the religious life of our school. During the latter part of the year President McClenahan has been absent, working with the Board in America, on behalf of the educational needs of our field. It is with gratification that we report a substantial increase of the number enrolled in the Collegiate Department. The en­ rolment for the year reached 351, as compared to 219 reported last year. The attendance in the Preparatory Department has been lowered. The total enrolment of the Collegiate and Pre­ paratory Departments for the year was 866. The total number in the College is thus less than former years have seen. Our teaching staff is, on the other hand, larger than ever. In this respect real progress has been made in the direction of efficiency and thoroughness. For years the attend­ ance has been so large as to overcrowd and overwork our equip­ ment and our staff. An increase in our present attendance would again press our grade of efficiency to a point where we could not successfully meet the demands of the present day, and hold our own against competing schools. Advance towards efficiency has again been made by the introduction of a new and more rigid system of grading and promotion. In all departments of the work a higher standard of excellence has been attained by means of more careful superintendence and inspection. In the literary societies and in the various lines of athletics, the results of the supervision of our permanent staff are most encouraging. Special evangelistic services again formed a part of the College’s organized effort to reach the souls of those of its stu­ dents who have not yet yielded themselves to Christ. During the year 51 students from the College united with the church upon profession of faith. The College rejoices in the share it has been given in the direct evangelistic work of the Mission. Does not such a record give us much promise that our students, as they go out from school will have an increasingly large part in this most essential work of the Church ? The influence that the Col­ lege may thus have indirectly in the evangelization of Egypt is beyond the calculation of statistics. The past year has seen the completion of the work of Dr. Alexander in arranging and classifying the College Museum. Thanks to his long years of effort in collecting material, and more recently, in getting all this material properly arranged for exhibition in the new home of the Museum, the College now possesses a very valuable collection of Egyptian antiquities and a splendid line of Natural History specimens. The Museum ren­ ders effective service in the teaching work of the school. Collec 130 Egypt—Educational Work.

tions illustrative of the work of special classes are arranged and placed at the disposal of the instructor in charge. 'Under Dr. Alexander’s hand, the Library of the College has been most thoroughly arranged and catalogued, according to the plan of the American Library Association. A cross system of card indices serves to make the contents of the Library easily ac­ cessible to the students. It has been a work which doubles the serviceability of the Library, and also provides clear lines for fu­ ture expansion. We earnestly hope that the additions which the Library deserves and needs may soon be given it. Our equipment has been enlarged by the addition of two class-rooms, one of which serves also as a room in which stu­ dents may consult their pastor, Dr. Alexander. The Science Department has been further developed and helped by the installation of a gas plant, and by the equipment of a special weighing room. The year has also seen the erection of the first residence upon the new campus. It stands at the western part of the cam­ pus, overlooking the Ibrahimia canal. Comfortable homes are thus provided for two of our families with whom live also tem­ porary workers on our staff. There is still a pressing need for another similar residence. It is hoped that it may soon be pro­ vided. We record with gratitude all these advances of the twelve months that have gone. They encourage us to hope that soon the College will be given the men, the equipment, and endow­ ment that it so greatly needs. We still pray for men as perma­ nent heads of the departments of English and Mathematics. The Preparatory Department also demands the full time of a properly qualified man to serve as its superintendent. Endowment suf­ ficient for the support of our permanent staff is most earnestly desired. The efficient care of our pupils demands that we have in­ creased dormitory accommodations, and a dining-hall is an im­ perative necessity if we are to meet the growth of the College, for the College is growing and, if it please God, shall grow. With growing numbers and with the larger successes that come with greater efficiency there come new demands for a larger and more efficient staff. New and better buildings are required. For all of these, adequate financial provision must be made. PRESSLY MEMORIAL INSTITUTE.

Miss Work reports:—When one is asked for a report of a large boarding school it is hard to know where to begin. One cannot report on all the activities of the year’s work, so how shall the selection be made ? In a school which is both boarding and day school combined; which gives a good thorough training in all the common branches in the language of the country and also offers work in English, French, and piano; a training school; Egypt—Educational Work. a home; and with it all a distinctively industrial school where each child is taught to sew, where a part of each girl’s educa­ tion consists in learning to sweep, dust, make beds, cook, iron, wash and scrub; where the larger girls are taught motherly duties in the care of the little girls; a school where the religious work is given the first and best place, where Bible study, prayer meetings, catechumens’ classes, missionary meetings, prayer circles, and volunteer meetings are a vital part of the school life;—the report of a school with such varied ac­ tivities and interests must of necessity be either very lengthy or very partial. In this case it must be the latter. The enrolment for the year has been large, the attendance good, and thorough work has been done in class room and in |he housework. Thirty-five girls volunteered for definite Christian service, and • during the long ,summer vacation and since then, they have been doing personal work, and have gone forth con­ ducting meetings for girls and women, aiming especially to get Moslem women to attend the meetings. Many women have thus heard the Word of life each week from bright young girls to whom the religion of Christ is not a thing to be brought forth only at set times or on special occasions, but a glad, glorious reality for every day living. The work of the volunteer band alone gives us the warrant to assure you who have invested money, love, and prayers in this work, that the interest is com­ pounding rapidly, and that you may expect many have already re­ ceived rich returns. The blessings of the year have been many and great. The promise for the future is even greater, but we are greatly ham­ pered for lack of sufficient rooms and equipment. Other schools are putting up well equipped buildings while the Pressly Me­ morial Institute has the same dingy dining room, the same tumble-down kitchen, the same over-crowded dormitories, and lack of class rooms as of old, and the health of the pupils and teachers is still endangered because no room is available for a hospital room. These girls deserve something better, Christ de­ serves something better from those who would carry on His work for His greatest glory and for the greatest good of all.

LUXOR. BOYS’ SCHOOL. Dr. Philips reports that every thing has been running smoothly and that there has been very little out of the ordinary routine. The attendance continues about the same as last year. The work done has been of the same efficient kind as heretofore reported. Every boy receives his daily religious lesson and many °f them attend the Sabbath-school. 132 Egypt—Educational Work.

LUXOR GIRLS’ BOARDING SCHOOL. Miss Ferrier writes:—The school has been called upon dur­ ing the past year to suffer from changes in management and teaching staff. Scarcely was Miss Buchanan reinstated after her furlough before she was called to the vacancy in the Girls’ Col­ lege in Cairo. Two of the teachers became ill and were com­ pelled to return to America. These changes naturally have affected the school and yet we have many blessings to record. There have been more boarders this year than usual, though the day enrolment is les's. This latter is partially accounted for by the effort now being made to collect tuitions for the term instead of by the month. A class of six received diplomas at the end of December. It was an exceptionally bright class. Three of them are church members while the other three belong to prominent Coptic fam­ ilies of Luxor. The prayer band, organized some two years ago, continues to grow in numbers and power. The members of the band are all members of the church. Very earnestly do they send up their thanksgiving for answered prayer and requests for added bless­ ings. There has been a great deal of illness in the school this fall. One case was a most serious one of opthalmia. The girl’s left eye was gone before she came to us. The right eye became sore, and for three weeks we battled with disease, day and night, only to find that an operation must follow which might or might not prove successful. We are still awaiting final news. How we prized our own eye sight as we bent time after time over the poor remnant of an eye making its fight for even partial vision! And yet with a word Jesus would be able to restore it complete­ ly. How feeble and fruitless our efforts without His blessing! Though our cases of illness have been trying and wearying, yet they are God’s way of teaching our girls pity for the suffer­ ing, tenderness in dealing with them, and above all how earnest prayer can prevail. Their eyes fairly shine when God sends them direct answers.

GENERAL SUMMARY.

No attempt has been made to embody the full reports from all the schools. From almost every school come words of thank­ fulness to our God who has led us through the year and given us encouraging results, promising conditions and many other evi­ dences of His pleasure in the world. Whatever there is of credit in what has been done we ascribe to Him Whose we are and Whom we serve. There go with this report also the prayers of many a weary worker here that those who read it may share with us the interest in this work of instructing the youth of Egypt—Educational Work. 133

Egypt and of leading them Christward. We ask that everyone who reads it will join us at the throne of grace in asking for wisdom for all our workers in this great field, that they may leave nothing undone to lift up these thousands of young lives who shall so soon be the men and women who shall make Egypt Christian in so far as she can be made so by human hands upheld by the power of our God. At the close of this report is a complete table of statistics of our schools. Any question as to numbers of schools and teachers and students, tuitions, expenses, etc., will be found answered there. SUMMARY OF EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS, EGYPT MISSION, 1912,

A—S c h o o l s U n d e r M is s io n ’s C a r e .

TEACHERS. N a tio n ­ ENROLMENT. RECEIPTS. ality. EXPENDITURES.

SCHOOLS

FOR MALES: Theological Seminary. Cairo 12 12 82 8231 470) 1375| Training College, Asslut ...... 1208 167- 1375 157 , . ..| 639 855 7638 16089 23727 646 8811 High School, Cairo ...... 33579 12740 17991 2848 33579 386 896 . . . ! 366 347 3942 3942 105 4188 eenha, Day School ...... 3815 373 4188 153 153 ...| 150 148 657 657 702 Zakazik, Day School ...... 1367 1237 130 1367 238 238 I 208 234 852 852 1533 2385 2219 Monsurah, Day School ...... 166 2385 ISO 180 ...I 150 174 805 805 63 964 1894 1750 ,144 Alexandria, Day School ...... !!! 1894 230 230 ...| 190 144 2532 2532 1554 4298 Luxor, Day School ...... '...... 3615 683 4298 265 265 1 250 263 1083 1083 613 1696 Beni Suef, Day School ...... 1676 20 1696 186 186 . . . I 163 181 471 471 300 867 794 73 867 TOTAL, for Young Men and Boys, under Mis­ sion's care ...... 1817 2526 ... - I 2116 410| 784 1145 411 2358) 1681 17980 16089 34069 309 1532 591 ...... 15148 51649 27846 19199 4604 51649 FOR FEMALES: College for Girls, Cairo ...... 1| 25 4391 3G0| 439! 309 6841 19060 8379 6844 38371 19060 Presaly Memorial Institute. Assiut ...... 1| 17 319 145 262 306 2809 11747 6092 3316 2339 11747 Ezbakiyah Boarding and Day School, Cairo. 11 10 275! 208 219 199 1780 6886 3985 2677 224 6886 Tanta, Boarding and Day School ...... II 5 242 234 239 180 1609 3771 1260 1156 1355 3771 Luxor, Boarding and Day School ...... II 9 242 177 150 237 2453 6791 2931 2436 1424 6791 Fowler Orphanage, Cairo ...... 1 3 107 72 72 80 2614 662 494 1458 2614 Haret-es-Sakkain Day School, Cairo ...... 1! 3 179 179 144 179 518 1058 887 171 1058 Faggalah Day School, Cairo ...... 1] » 297 297 251 233 560 1541 1278 263 1541 Kulalie Day School, Cairo ...... 1 301 301 264 264 266 1104 817 287 1104 Faiyum, Day School, el-Madinet ...... 1 193 193 170 189 581 1022 879 143 Benha, Day School ...... 1022 1 45 45 41 45 282 404 252 152 404 Zakazik, Day School ...... 1 2S3 263 229 240 394 1226 1074 152 1226 Karr Hukama Day School, Zakazik ...... 1 121 121 121 106 102 83 204 125 79 204 Monsurah, Day School ...... 1 112 112 112 104 102 922 1485 870 615 1485 Haret-el-Yahud Day School, Alexandria .... 153 153 48 105 127 41 446 1008 806 1008 Kafr Asliarl Day School, Alexandria ...... 202 53 53 44 51 53 227 340 115 225 340 Karmuz Day School, Alexandria ...... 90 90 53 87 482 641 444 197 641 Bat>-el-Hadid Day School. Alexandria ___ 210 210 186 Beni Suef. Day School ...... 101 2049 4147 2952 811 4147 166 166 152 158 4S1| 780|) 644 f 136 780 TOTAL, far Tnimg Women and Girls, under I cr.TO ...... 6582s/|^ 34452J. TOTAL Schools under Mission’s care ...... 2811711 49122011 C333I1137 5198| 2862134711 T,375| 058111 14|11R2|767II S4G3| 870 404 91 |362(i8|7675il|41361271 S121.11 | . I31714|11747SÌ| 229813G50611807 4 ¡117478 J

B—S c h o o l s u n d e r S y n o d ’s C a r e .

N a tio n ­ TEACHERS. ENROLMENT. RELIGION. RECEIPTS. EXPENDITURES. a lity. F b b s .

s c h o o l s 3

E*. n Synod’s Schools, Males . 13912131 39 258 8593 8581 7431|1465 2420 4867 14451... 87291. F e m a le s 26 47 4 47 2025 2025 ...... 1 11711 559 779 902 109 ... 1836|. iOTAL Synod’s 165)262) 4313051110618 .110606) 8572120461 8602)2016|[3199|5769|1554| 95||10565| 53 |21548|...... |21548| 15685) 7475 44708|| 396411...... | 5067) 4470 ÌOTAL Schools, 1912 193|433| 92)5251116951 1137|15802|1143415517|13977|2974||4490|8883|2716|862||16028| 923 |62039|36268|98307|4136|2718|2151|15685|39189|162186||101939|36506|23741|162186 ^OTAL Schools, 1911 1971400| 109|509||17356| 1259| 16097111992|5364|14246|3110||4338|919112904|923|11034211014 |59677|35485|95162|4123|2374|3821|15933|372fl91158682|| 09712)34290)240801158682

NOTE.—A number of boys in girls’ schools and girls in boys' schools causes the apparent discrepancies under religion, etc. 136 Egypt—Educational Work.

BOOK DEPARTMENT.

BY THE KEV. S. G. HART.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

1912. Volumes. Receipts. American Bible Society ...... 35,347 $4,302 British and Foreign Bible S o cie ty...... 13,868 759

Total Scriptures ...... 49,215 5,061 Religious Books ...... 16,226 2,576 Educational ...... 34,496 6,407 Stationery ...... 2^20

Total ...... 99,937 $16,364 1911. American Bible Society ...... 35,991 3,609 British and Foreign Bible Society ...... 14,374 802

Total Scriptures ...... 50,365 $4,411 Religious Books ...... 14,562 2,768 Educational ...... 32,682 5,332 Stationery ...... : ...... 2,103

T o ta l...... 97,609 $14,614 Workers Employed, 1912. Colporteurs:— American Bible Society ...... 22 British and Foreign Bible Society ...... 5 American Mission, Religious ...... 6 American Mission, Book-shopmen ...... 10

Total Workers ...... 43 Workers Employed, 1911. Colporteurs:— American Bible Society ...... 23 British and Foreign Bible Society ...... 6 American Mission, Religious ...... 7 American Mission, Book-shopmen ...... 10

Total Workers ...... 46

A review of the figures above encourages us. Although there is a falling off in the number of volumes of Scriptures sold, we notice that the amount received for them is about 20% in ex­ cess of what was received last year. This shows that although a smaller number has been sold, a larger number of full Testa­ ments and Bibles has gone into the hands of the people, and thus the whole amount distributed has been greater than last year. Egypt—Book Department. 137

There has been an increase in the sale of religious books and tracts of 1,664, of educational 1,814, and of stationery also, as is indicated by the increased receipts of $217. From this review of figures we find an advance over last year in the distribution and sale of the Word of God, helpful religious literature, and educational books and supplies. Experience has shown that book distribution is a very im­ portant branch of the mission work. The missionary who visits the outlying districts finds that where the colporteur and Bible have preceded him, a welcome is received from most of the Copts at least; and where the Moslem has received a book, he also is more open to receive the truth as presented by the mis­ sionary. The Bible, in itself a life giver, is, with religious litera­ ture, the key which opens many a door to the missionary and evangelist. The colporteur can go where the missionary cannot, at least with our present limited number of American workers. There are hundreds of towns and villages which cannot be visited even once a year, but this literature may go wherever there are people to read. Although the colporteur, himself, may not reach every village, yet people often pass from village to vil­ lage ¿hd take the Word with them. The weekly markets are good places in which to distribute literature, as there are usually people there from the most remote hamlets. Up to the present, inability to read on the part of the peo­ ple in general, especially in the smaller villages, has been a draw­ back to the distribution; but schools, although some of them very elementary, are rapidly increasing in number, and as time passes many more will be able to read, so that in the future we may ex­ pect still more fruitful results than in the past. The benefits of the printed page are very clearly and strong­ ly set forth in a telegram of our Secretary, Dr. Charles R. Wat­ son, to a committee meeting of the Nile Mission Press. He said: —“Dominant impression of my recent visit to the Levant was that a new day of unparalleled openings for work among the Moslems has dawned. We must attempt great things, meeting opportunity and arousing Western Christendom to neglected task. Prayer has disintegrated stolid indifference of Islam. Time has come for'aggressive action. No agency can penetrate Islam so deeply, abide so persistently, witness so daringly, and influence so irresistibly, as the printed page. May we set up new standards of prayer, faith and effort for the winning of the Moslem world to Christ.” The printed page may be brought to the reader through the book-shop and reading room also, and whatever can be done to increase the number and especially the efficiency of these means °f distribution, namely colporteurs, reading rooms, and book­ shops, the better results we may expect. As to the value of the book-shop as a means of distribution, much depends upon its location, and on the energy and zeal of Egypt—Book Department.

the shop man. It is the hope that the shops may be made more of an evangelistic agency than in the past. Benha has taken a step in this direction, and seems to be succeeding very well. A house was found near the center of the city, consisting of two front rooms, and a large inner room, cap­ able of seating about 100 people. One of the front rooms is used for a shop, and the other for a reading room, and the inner room for meetings of various kinds. Mr. Walker says of a series of meetings held in the new premises, “We have just closed a series of meetings for Moslems which continued for six nights, and were well attended. Many Moslems and Copts were present who had never been to our church. The last night, Mr. Mikhail Mansur was the speaker, and we were not able to accommodate the crowd, but all ended without any disorder, and both Copts and Moslems urged us to continue the meetings. The sales have increased very much in the book-shop, and we think that the reading room can be used as a means of reaching young men.” Those in charge of shops in other places will endeavor to carry on the same kind of work when suitable locations can be found. On the whole, the work of the colporteur is difficult and often very discouraging. The books which he offers for sale are often rejected in a way by no means polite or friendly. They often have to bear rebuffs, and this not from Moslems only, but also from Copts. In some places the Copts, although nominal Christians, do not like to show much friendliness toward the Bible or its seller, fearing to incur the ill-will of the Moslems. One of the colporteurs says that when Copts are sitting with Moslems, if of the same village as the Moslems they will say nothing in favor of the Bible; but if from another village, they will defend it. If the colporteur has Coptic friends in the town, they may show him much kindness, but when he goes among the Moslems to sell the Bible they will not go with him; they are afraid to show zeal for the Word—and often even discourage the Moslem from buying. Of the Moslems, the partially educated sometimes takes a Bible or a portion, and on being told by some of his friends that it is not the original text, but that it has been changed, returns it. Some of the more learned take it and read it; others say, “We will do as we please with it.” A rather amusing incident occurred in Shebrawain, near Zakazik. When the colporteur came along, an old sheikh and a younger man were sitting together by the side of a house. On the presentation of the Bibles by the colporteur, the old man bought many parts of the New Testament, and urged the young­ er man to buy also, but he hesitated. Then the old man com­ pelled him to buy, saying, “ These are from the English, and you must take them! After awhile they will say to you, ‘Have a cross made on your arm/ and you must have it made!” Egypt—Book Department. 139

Some of the colporteurs say that the common people are more fanatical against them this year than last, owing to the wars of Turkey with Italy and the Balkan states, but there is not so much difference among the more educated. There seemed to be more opposition in the country districts than in the larger towns and cities; and on the whole the Moslems were not so ready to buy as during the preceding years. But it is interesting to note that the Moslems buy more Scriptures than the Copts even in proportion to the persons to whom the Word is pre­ sented. Sometimes a Moslem, who does not care to read much, buys a book for a “ blessing,” thinking that it will bring him good luck. One man wished a copy of the book of Psalms to make a charm. He said, “ There used to be a Copt in our town who made charms for us, but he is dead now and there is no one to make them for us. My boy is very sick, and I want to make a charm for him.” The colporteur told him to take a book, but not to sew it up in muslin or leather, but to read a chapter to the boy every morning and evening. About three months later the col­ porteur met the same man in a market, who, with a happy face told him that the boy was quite well again. In the latter part of the year, Rev. W. L. M^cClenahan and some members of the Egypt General Mission and others ar­ ranged a conference for prayer and Bible study for the teachers of the Delta and the colporteurs of Scriptures and religious books of all Egypt. This conference was held at-Zeitun, and proved very helpful to many of the colporteurs. Their confi­ dence in the Word of God was strengthened, and they were led to feel that they were engaged in a very important work for their Master. They felt also that they were not mere individuals working alone in this difficult undertaking, but were a part of a force composed of many, and in this feeling of union they found strength. They went from the conference resolved to prosecute their work more vigorously. Although this review of the work of the past year is incom­ plete, we have seen enough to encourage us. We believe that the success will be greater in the future than in the past. The num­ ber of those able to read is increasing rapidly, and we know that His “Word shall not return to Him void.” *

140 Egypt—Medical Work.

MEDICAL WORK.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY. Number of physicians: Assiut, male ...... 5 Faiyum, male ...... I Tanta, female 2, male 1 ...... 3

9 Number of nurses: Assiut, male 6, female 6 ...... 12 Faiyum, male ...... 2 Tanta, female ...... 9

23 Number of house visits: Assiut, (estimated) ...'...... 3,650 Faiyum ...... 900 Tanta ...... 421

4.971 Number of village visits : Assiut, (estimated) ...... 70 Faiyum ...... 120 Tanta ...... 20

210 Number of villages visited : Assiut, (estimated) ...... 25 Faiyum ...... 45 Tanta ...... n

81 Number of cases treated in clinics : Assiut ...... 37,35° Faiyum ...... 7-°43 Tanta ...... 14,565 58,958 Number of operations performed: Assiut ...... Faiyum ...... Tanta ...... 204 1,58s Number of patients in hospitals: Assiut ...... Faiyum ...... 380 Tanta ...... : ...... 483 3,841 Egypt—Medical Work. 141

Religion of patients in hospitals and clinics: Assiut Faiyum Tanta Totals Copts ...... 15,854 2,232 81 18,167 Moslems ...... 20 ,432 4,562 11,899 36,893 Protestants ...... 3,991 335 69 4,395 Catholics ...... 49 124 61 234 Others ...... 2 170 2,938 3,110

40,328 7,423 15,048 62,799 Receipts, Physicians’ fees and hospital fees: Assiut ...... $22,644 Faiyum ...... 4,081 Tanta ...... 4,851 $31,576 Number of clinic centers, 3. Names—Assiut, Tanta, Faiyum.

MEDICAL WORK AT ASSIUT.

BY DR. A. F. GRANT.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY. Number of physicians—male ...... 5 Number of nurses— male 6, female 6 ...... 12 native 6, foreign 6 ...... 12 Number of house visits (estimated) ...... 3,650 village visits (estimated) ...... 70 villages visited (estimated) ...... 25 Number of clinic patients treated in clinics ...... 34,950 Religion of clinic patents: Copts ...... 14,207 Moslems . , ...... 19,162 Protestants ...... 1,556 Catholics ...... 24 Others ...... 1 Number of patients in hospital—Men ...... 1,506 women ...... 689 Children above the age of one year ...... 614 Children under the age of one year ...... 169 Patients in hospital paying full price ...... 1,365 Patients in hospital paying half price or less ...... 406 Patients in hospital free ...... 1,207 Number of villages represented by patients in hospital ...... 362 Religion of patients in hospital: Copts ...... 1,647 Moslems ...... 1,020 Protestants ...... 295 Catholics ...... 15 Others ...... 1 Number of operations—Major ...... 374 Minor ...... 759 Receipts: Medical practice ...... $11,295.20 Hospital fees ...... 9,8i3-56 Sale of drugs, etc...... 1,535-48 ------$22,644.24 Donations from Egyptians ...... $960.00 Clinic center ...... 1 Name of clinic center—Assiut. 142 Egypt—Medical Work. ASSIUT HOSPITAL.

BY DR. W. T. MOORE. The year 1912 has been a year of the greatest numbers that the hospital has known. It has been a year of sorrows and blessings combined. It has brought many changes in the staff. From the beginning of the year Dr. Grant was in poor health and was obliged to return to America in March, but we are thankful for his complete recovery and safe return in November. Miss Humphreys, an English nurse, gave her services free for three months in the spring and early summer, and although unable to stay longer on account of duties at home, left a lasting service by erecting a room on the roof for each night nurse and maid, thus enabling them to be as far as possible from the noise of the hospital. She also endowed two beds, one for men and one for women, in the third-class wards. May she have God’s blessing wherever her work may be. In May Mrs. James completed her term of four years’ faith­ ful service and returned to her home in Ireland. Her place was filled by Miss Bosma, a trained nurse from Holland, who came to us in July. Miss Corkey was removed to Tanta Hospital by Association, August 10th, to fill the position of superintendent there. Her capability as a nurse, and her patient and humble service to the Lord in helping to upbuild His Kingdom makes her most valuable wherever He calls her. Miss Amanda Ho- hage, who had been lent to us from another mission for a year, having given half time to the work and half to Arabic study, left us in October to begin her own work, district nursing, in Mel- lawi. She was a blessing to both patients and fellow-workers. Miss Leah Chalk, another nurse who had been lent to us, is giv­ ing good service. Miss Mintier completed her term of most ef­ ficient service in October and returned to her home in America. Miss E. Dorcas Teas (Sister Dorcas), the Superintendent, was lent to Tanta Hospital for six weeks, and then returned to America for her much-needed furlough. Her place is unfilled as yet. No doubt there are many who say, “ How can I understand except someone should guide me?” She is continually missed as a home misses its mother. But Miss Van der Molen, who has been matron for some ten years, has taken as many of her duties as is possible for her in addition to her own work. Miss Foun­ tain, who was faithfulness itself, never tired of relieving others, used all of her strength, was taken ill in November and obliged to return to her home in England. The Lord has already heara our prayers for her, and she is much improved. She is His own child, and that she may be completely restored and given many more years of service is the prayer of all who knew her. Miss Hilda Caws, our pharmacist, who has been with us for five years, has mastered the language sufficiently to hold prayers for the servants each morning and to do personal work with patients m Egypt—Medical Work. 143 the hospital. She has done special work in giving copies of the Scriptures to those who are sent to her for medicine. The Word of God is read every day in the wards and in the clinic. Some have ears to hear and some have not. Butros, the clinic evangelist; says that some come to hear who do not come for treatment, and that nearly all are willing to listen. He knows that they hear with their ears and he leave's their hearts to God. One wealthy young man, operated on for liver abscess, be­ came interested in the daily teaching, and is now attending church and seems wholly turned to the Lord. A Mohammedan woman, Sakeena, was unwilling at first to hear, but afterwards wept ^ver her sins and now is glad to hear, and gets as near as she can to Shemsa, the Bible reader for women. Another old Mohammedan woman refused to listen, and disturbed those who were listening, but one day she was found crying about her sins and has since told Shemsa to come every minute she is free to teach her. Husna, a Moslem woman, who had been divorced by her husband because she was sick, came to the hospital for treat­ ment and it was found necessary to remove her lower jaw. She almost died on the table, but prayer that she be spared if she was not ready for death was answered. She recovered, and day after day followed Shemsa from room to room, hungry to hear the words of everlasting life. She confesses her love for and belief in our blessed Saviour. Gutta Seyah had never been to church when she came to the hospital and knew nothing about Christ, but can now understand, and prays a little and says she wants to go to church always. Another Moslem woman, Hamida, con­ fesses Christ to us, but is afraid of her people to confess Him openly. Many confess but fear to be baptized. The children un­ derstand and remember much better than the older patients. One little black girl of eleven years, Zakia, has learned twenty- eight verses of Scripture and the Lord's Prayer and can sing every Psalm she hears. And little Zanib, who has been here since June, remembers all she is taught. Her mother is dead and her father and step-mother do not care for her, so her grand­ mother gave her to the hospital. There are friends anxious to put her in school, but she does not get well from one operation until another is necessary. Oh! for the power of our Saviour who completely restored all those who but touched His garments. “ May the Lord keep you and may your days be lengthened” are blessings these poor people call down upon the doctors every day for what sendees they are able to render. Would that we could do more. Christmas was celebrated this year as it was the two pre­ ceding years. Miss Bridge, from Providence, R. I., donated a tree, dolls and part of the toys; native friends gave fruit and money, and the doctors and nurses and the Sabbath-school of the Mission children gave the balance necessary to furnish shawls or dresse? for all servants and third class patients, and 144 Egypt—Medical Work. with service in His Holy Name Whose birth we celebrated, a joyous Christmas eve was spent. We regret to say that the vacancy of hospital evangelist, caused by the death of Mr. Musa, nearly two years ago, is still unfilled. United prayers have gone up many times for one, and we believe they have been heard, but he has not yet been sent to us. However, the Lord does not leave Himself without a wit­ ness, for a College student, who has been baptized with the Holy Spirit, preaches every Lord’s Day in the chapel to an average of sixty-five hearers. MEDICAL WORK AT TANTA.

BY DR. A. W . POLLOCK.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of physicians: male I, female 2 ...... 3 nurses, female ...... 9 nurses: native 5, foreign 4 ...... 9 Number of house visits ...... 421 village visits ...... 20 villages visited ...... 11 clinic patients treated in clinics ...... 14,565 Religion of clinic patients: Moslems ...... 11,632 Others ...... 2,933 Number of patients in hospital, women ...... 483 villages represented by patients in hospital . 108 Religion of patients in hospital: Copts ...... 81 Moslems ...... 267 Protestants ...... 69 Catholics ...... 63 Others ...... 3 Number of operations ...... 204 Receipts: Medical practice ...... Hospital fees ...... 2,808 Sale of drugs, etc...... 1,054 $4,851 Donations from Egyptians 55-oo Clinic center ...... 1 Name of clinic center—Tanta.

TANTA HOSPITAL. The record of the work of the hospital for 1912 has been closed. The record on the office books is one of names and sta­ tistics ; above with Him is recorded our aims, our motives, our deeds, whether successes or failures. Since the opening of the hospital there has been a gradual breaking-down of prejudice against becoming in-patients, and the past year has been no exception in this respect. M ohammedan women of the better classes, who a few years ago would have counted it everlasting disgrace to enter the hospital, now come as patients for longer or shorter periods. Egypt—Medical Work. 145

The experiences of the past year have again emphasized the misery and suffering so often the lot of Mohammedan woman­ hood. A woman was brought in one day suffering excruciating pain with pan-opthalmitis (general inflammation of the eye-ball) which had destroyed her only good eye. She was brought by her mother, for her husband when he saw the prospect of having a blind wife, sold all their household effects, divorced her and married another woman. A large number of children have been cared for during the past year, and some who seemed hopelessly incurable have gone home well and sound. The willingness and quickness of the little ones to learn has been one of the chief encouragements to the Bible teacher. A little girl of pure Bedouin type spent sev­ eral weeks in the hospital suffering from necrosis of the tibia. Her ability to learn and grasp the Gospel truths was remarkable and gives a glimpse of the possibilities yet before the Church in carrying the Good News to these desert tribes. Again we would repeat the urgent need of a missionary who could be free to follow the patients to their homes to continue the teaching begun in the hospital. We are glad to report the completion of the north veranda, mentioned in last year’s report. Its shady coolness was much appreciated by the patients during the hot summer months. Miss Harvey, who had been the faithful superintendent since the opening of the hospital resigned during the past year Her place, which was left vacant August 1st, was taken by Miss Annie L. Corkey, formerly of Assiut hospital. The medical staff was augmented during the fall by the ar­ rival of Dr. B. I. Shannon from America. The nursing force, in numbers, remains the same. Miss Reid, having completed a three years’ term, returned to America in April, while Miss Isabelle Hosack arrived on the field in Sep­ tember under appointment of the Woman’s Board as missionary nurse. Pray that the seed sown in hospital, clinic and home may grow, ripen and bear fruit for the Master.

TANTA CLINIC. To condense into a few words and short space the goings and comings of the thousands that visited the Tanta clinic during 1912 is a difficult task. During the past year the work has not been unlike other years. The same myriads of flies (or their descendants) fly from filth to face; the same winds laden with dust, sand and microbes blow across the way, and so the same diseases prevail. Although a campaign of education has been carried on by well-equipped traveling Opthalmic Hospitals under Government supervision for over six years, and although there are now more 146 Egypt—Medical Work.

than fifteen eye-hospitals, traveling and permanent, in Egypt, yet it is hard to see that much impression has been made upon the masses or the numbers decreased th^t apply for treatment. The carelessness and apathy of the people is still appalling, and it is sad to see the indifference so often shown when the pa­ tient is a girl baby. One day a little girl baby about ten months old was brought to the clinic. The sight of both eyes was gone forever. An ugly ulcer had already destroyed one, while the other was so inflamed and swollen that it was bulging out be­ tween the lids. The pain the poor baby was suffering was agon­ izing. When the father was told that the child would never see again, he said that they would go back to their village, for what was the use of doing anything since the sight was gone. He could not be persuaded to leave the child in the hospital or even bring it to the clinic for treatment that we might do all in our power to relieve its awful pain. He only murmured as he took the child and its mother away, “ What’s the use. What’s the use?” Nothing but the Gospel of Jesus Christ can teach him what’s the use. Islam has failed to do so. The impression on one year after year in the work is the same—the great need of Christ’s light in these dark hearts. Never can mere civilization prevent, nor modern medicine, no matter how scientific, work a cure for all the ills these people fall heir to. On account of Turkey’s war with Italy and the Balkans, perhaps there have been more cases of pronounced fanaticism this year. During the early summer months, sheikh after sheikh from the Ahmadi mosque was sent to the clinic to try to over­ come in argument and put to derision before the waiting patients our clinic evangelist. Each time the effort failed; each time the sword of the Spirit was used, and calm answers given to the fierce arguments presented. On the other hand, the evangelist reports not only in clinic but in homes visited a more kindly reception to both message and messenger. The work of the evangelist (now a regularly ordained pastor) is not confined to hospital and clinic, but visits are made to surrounding villages. The following is the gratifying report o f his o u t - w o r k dur­ ing the past year: Number of hearers ...... 3,829 Religious books sold ...... *35 Bibles and portions sold ...... 2 ° Religious tracts distributed ...... • • 3,753 Once the evangelist was surprised at the eagerness of a man to secure a tract, and asked him if h e was not a Mohammedan. The man replied that he was, but that he was “ a Christian Mo­ hammedan.” Another man whom the evangelist had met in the clinic was visited in his home and tracts were distributed to several wno had gathered in. As the necessity o f repentance and forgiveness Egypt—Medical Work. 147

was preached and Christ presented as the only Saviour, the com­ pany became very angry, burned the tracts and with insults and curses drove the evangelist from the house. For their curses he returned words of kindness, and as a result went back in three weeks and his message was listened to attentively. Incidents might be multipled indefinitely to show the need of the double cure. May God send into the whitened harvest fields more Spirit- filled workers.

MEDICAL WORK AT FAIYUM.

BY DR. D. I,. ASKREN.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY. Number of physicians, male ...... 1 nurses, native ...... 2 house visits ...... 900 village visits ...... 12Q villages visited ...... 45 patients treated in clinics ...... 7,043 Religion of clinic patients: Copts ...... 2,100 Moslems ...... 4,320 Protestants ...... 331 Catholics ...... 124 Others ...... 168 Number of patients in hospital: Men ...... 280 Women ...... 100 Patients in hospital free ...... 380 Religion of patients in hospital: Copts ...... 132 Moslems ...... 242 Protestants ...... 4 Others ...... 2 Number of operations: Major ...... 132 Minor ...... 248 Receipts from medical practice ...... $4,o8i The past year’s work in Faiyum has been very satisfactory from all standpoints. The year among the poor has been a better one than for several past, and a large number of the more needy class have come for treatment, due I think, to the fact that the poorer people are beginning to realize that the doctors are working for their good and not for their money alone. This is the first year that people have been in the clinic under treatment the entire year. In previous years there have been spaces of time when no patients were in the house. The religious work in connection with the medical has been much more satisfactory. The Bible work in Faiyum clinic has been carried on most tactfully by the Bible reader. Much inter­ est has been aroused by his careful explanations of his readings, and the patients have always seemed anxious to have him read to them. No one has ever complained of him or of having to hear the Bible read. I4& Egypt—Medical Work. The Bible work in the Sinnoris clinic has always been very encouraging. It was conducted by an old man, who was one of Dr. Harvey’s assistants many years ago. He was a most efficient worker, knowing just how to interest the people, and I noticed many interesting discussions and explanations between him and the patients. About the New Year he was called to his eternal home, having completed more than four-score years. A new reader has taken his place who lacks the experience of the for­ mer one, but who promises well, as he is already interesting many in his readings. We hope you will remember us in your prayers that the Lord’s work may continue to grow, and that each year may bring many more to hear the Word which will lead them to the wayfc of salvation. Egypt—Medical Work. l a t o T Assiut District District Assiut aym itit . . . District Faiyum Tanta District District Tanta DI SAI S N STATIO L A IC ED M N DIT ICTS ISTR D AND ...... U R O MEIA SAITC, GP, 1912. EGYPT, STATISTICS, EDICAL M OF ARY M SUM ......

‘0 .£2 JÜ (¡H 13 CO BJ 8 9 1 6 s 31529 23 a 8 05 12 2 9 1020 3

248 204 Operations $22644 $31576 5 - fi<1 i | CO 4081 4861 c > Egypt—Stations of Missionaries.

AMERICAN MISSIONARIES AND OTHER (European) WORKERS.

ON THE FIELD DECEMBER 31ST, 1912. A LE X A N D R IA .— Rev. T. J. Finney, D.D., and wife; Rev. F. D. Henderson and wife; Rev. W . P. Gilmor, C. S. Bell, Esq., and wife; Misses Eula McClenahan, Olive T. Mason, Ida L. Cabeen. Teachers (short term); Misses St. Clair and Glenn.

MONSURAH.—Rev. A. A. Thompson and wife; Rev. J. W. Baird and wife; Miss Mabel B. Dickey, Miss Margaret A. Bell. ZAKAZIK.—Rev. S. G. Hart and wife; Rev. R. W. Caldwell and wife; Miss Elsie M. French. TANTA.—Rev. J. H. Boyd and wife; Rev. W. R. Coventry, Miss A. L. Corkey, Miss Isabel Hosack, Miss Nellie C. Smith. Hospital Nurses (short term): Misses Sill, Robertson. Physician: Miss B. I. Shannon, M. D. ZIFT A .— Rev. W. L. McClenahan, A. W. Pollock, M.D., and wife. BENHA.—Rev. R. W. Walker and wife.

CAIRO.—Rev. Andrew Watson, D.D., LL.D., and wife; Rev. John Giffen, D.D., and wife; Rev. J. G. Hunt, D.D., and wife; Rev. J. Kruide- nier, D.D., Rev. Neal McClanahan and wife; Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., and wife; Rev. Mark S. Roy and wife; Rev. R. G. McGill and wife; Miss A. Y. Thompson, Miss M. A. Smith, Miss Carrie M. Buchanan, Miss Ella M. Barnes, Miss Mary Kerr, Miss E. R. Martin, Miss Mary M. Pattison. Teachers (short term): Boys’ School, JEzbakiyah, Mr. Pol­ lock; Girls’ School, Ezbakiyah, Misses Giffen, Wilson, Amos, Caldwell; Girls’ College, Abbasiyah, Misses Gilkison, Young, Austin, Brecken- ridge, Shaver, Hutchison, Crosby, Mumford, Henry.

FAIYUM (short term).—D. L. Askren, MJ>., and wife. B EN I S U E F — Rev. C. C. Adams and wife; Miss M. A. Paden, Miss Alfaretta Hammond. A SSIU T .— Rev. J. R. Alexander, D.D., and w if e ;'R e v . Prof. F. S. Thompson and wife; Prof. R. S. McClenahan and wife; Prof. C. P. Rus­ sell a n d wife; Prof. W. W. Hickman and wife; F. S. Hoyman, Esq., and wife; Y . M. Henry, M.D., and wife; A. F. Grant, M.D., and wife; H- L. Finley, M.D., and wife; W. T. Moore, M.D., and wife; Miss R. L. Hogs, Miss Ruth A. Work, Miss R. Q. Williams, Miss Lois A. M cC racken. Egypt—Stations of Missionaries.

College Teachers (short term ): Messrs. Camp, McFeeters, Graham, Elliott, Laing, Woodburn; Misses Hamilton, Stewart, Junod. Matrons (short term): Misses Dinsmore, Hartmann, Bennett. Institute Teachers (short term ): Misses Robertson, Hobbs, Corkey, M. A. Work, Wallace. Matron (short term): Miss Thompson. Hospital Nurses (short term): Misses Van der Molen, Hilda Caws, Dora Caws, Cookson, McMinn, Heslip, De Vries, Minteer. Dr. Aziz Ibrahim. LUXOR.—Rev. H. E. Philips and wife; Miss H. J. Ferrier. Teach­ ers (short term): Misses Downie, Elliott. Matron (short term): Miss Milne. SUM M ARY— Missionaries: Men: Ordained, 23; professors, 4 ; business men, 2 ; physicians, 5 ; total, 34. Women: Wives, 28; edu­ cators, 14; harem workers, 7 ; nurses, 2 ; total, 51. Short Term Mis­ sionaries: Teachers, men, 7 ; women, 25; nurses, women, 11; matrons, aromen, 5 ; physicians, women, 1 ; men, 2 ; total foreign workers, 136. Grand total, 85. 152 Egypt—Summary of Statistics.

SUMMARY OF STATISTICS, EGYPT, 1912.

BY THE REV. J. R. ALEXANDER, D.D.

I. WORKERS.

1. FO R E IG N — No. of Ordained Missionaries on Field, December 31st ...... 23 “ Married Women ...... 29 “ Unmarried Women ...... 24 — 53 “ Missionary College Professors, besides 2 ordained m en 3 “ Missionary Laymen (Business Agents) ...... 2 “ Medical Missionaries (men 5) .. 5 “ Missionary Nurses ...... 2 88 “ Missionary Instructors (3 years) men 7, women 23 ...... 30 “ Matrons (College 3, Institute 1 ) . '4 “ Assistant Missionary Physicians, men 2, women 2 ...... 4 “ Assistant Missionary Physician’s wife (Mrs. Askren) ...... I “ Assistant Missionary Nurses (3 years) European 8, Ameri­ can 2 ...... 10 “ Assistant Evangelist and Orphan­ age Superintendent ...... 1 50 Total Foreign Workers ...... ¡3^ 2. E G Y P T IA N — No. o f Ordained Ministers, with one in the Sudan ...... 63 “ Licentiates ...... 16 “ Theologues ...... 12 “ Other Presbyterial Workers . .. 7 98 ** “ Harem Workers (men 2, wom­ en 35) ...... 37 “ Shopmen 10, Colporteurs 33 . . . 43 “ School Teachers (men 336, wom­ en 189) ...... 525 (Protestant Teachers 433, Oth- ers 92) 6°5 Total Native Workers ...... 703 Total Workers, Foreign and Egyp­ tian, on field, December 31st: Protestant, Foreign ...... 138 Protestant, Egyptian ...... 611 749 Others, Moslems, Copts, etc g'l

**Copied from last year’s Report. Egypt—Summary of Statistics. 153

II. W O R K . SYNODICAL AND PRESBYTERIAL (INCLUDING SUDAN.)

No. of Synods (Synod of the Nile: Mediterranean Sea to Sobat River and onwards) ...... 1 “ Presbyteries ...... 5 “ Ministers— (a) Egyptian Pastors ...... Si (b) Egyptians without charge ...... 12 ----- 63 (c) Americans without charge: In Egypt ...... 22 (d) In Sudan ...... 5 Stated Supplies in Egypt ...... 3 30 93 Licentiates ...... 16 “ Theologues ...... 12 “ Lay Preachers ...... 7 35 128 “ 'Ministers installed during the year ...... 2 Ministers ordained during the year ...... 2 “ Students licensed during the year ...... 7 “ Students received during the year ...... 4 Congregations organized during the year ... 1 2. C O N G R E G A T IO N A L— E G Y P T . No. of Stations and Congregations in Egypt...... 277 “ Organized Congregations (having at least one Elder) ...... 81 “ Other places where services are held or Sabbath- schools, or schools, etc...... 196 277 “ Evangelistic Circuits ...... no “ Pastoral Charges ...... 7* " Congregations and Stations in Pastoral Charges 83 Congregations and Stations served by supplies, licentiates, theologues, teachers, and others.. 194 . 277 Membership in Egypt, December 31, 1912— Men ...... 6,119 Women ....I.'...... 5.925 12,044 Increase (19 12)— By Profession ...... 79° By Certificate ...... 247 i,Q37 Deer ease (1912 )— By Removal ...... 3*7 By Death ...... 140 457 Net Increase (1912) ...... — — 580 No. in Attendance, Sabbath Morning, average ...... 24,088 “ Protestant Community (estimated) ...... 30,000 Baptisms— Adults (Moslems 4) ...... ^...... 5 Infants (Moslem 1) ...... 875 — - 880 Buildings (places having buildings) ...... 96 J54 Egypt—Summary of Statistics.

Amount spent by Egyptians on Church Buildings, 1912 ______$ is,qiu Amount paid by Mission on Church Buildings, 1912 ...... Nothing Salaries paid by people to Pastors and other Presbyterial Workers ...... $23018 No. of Self-supporting Churches ...... 2c Contributions of Churches in Egypt, 1912: (1) For Churches and Congregations : Salaries (7 5 ^ per cent, of total salaries) ...... $23,038 Buildings, (entirely self-supporting) ...... 15,919 Congregational Expenses, (self-supporting) ___ 5,525 ------$44,482 (2) For Home Sustentation Effort: For Weak Congregations, Synod- ical “ Home Missions” ...... $3,133 For Weak Congregations, Local Mission Work ...... 1,683 $4,816 Help to Pastoral Schools (self- supporting) ...... $565 Sabbath-school Leaflet (self-sup- porting) ...... 767 $ i ,332 ------$6,148 Ministerial Relief, (self-support­ ing) ...... $470 Poor & Orphanages (self-sup­ porting ...... 4,611 Synodical Fund, (self-supporting). 191 $5,272 (3) For Missionary Effort: Mission Work in the Sudan (self- supporting) ...... $885 Mission Work Among Moslems in Egypt ...... 438 Mission Work Among Women in Egypt ...... 361 $1,684 ------$13,104 Total contributions for all Religious Purposes in Egypt ...... $57,586 Total amount received from America for Church in Egypt, in­ cluding $75 special for Ministerial Relief ...... $7,575 Egypt, 885I per cent; Mission & Church in America, 11H per cent.

3. S A B B A T H SCH O O LS IN E G Y P T . No. of Sabbath-schools ...... Pupils in Sabbath-schools : Men ...... 4,687 Women ...... 3,163 7,850 Boys ...... 4944 Girls ...... 2,874 7,818 ^ 15,66» “ Teachers in Sabbath-schools— Men ...... 417 Women ...... 181 * ^9° • Total Scholars, Officers and Teachers 16,266 Cost of Leaflet paid from Sabbath-school Contri- ^ fautions (self-supporting) ...... ^ Egypt—Summary of Statistics. 155

Contributions of Sabbath-schools (included in church contributions) ...... $2,895 **Sabbath-school Paper (Negm el-Meshrik) copies weekly ...... 1,500 Sabbath-school Lesson Leaflet, • copies distributed weekly ...... 1,200

4. WORK FOR WOMEN IN EGYPT. General : No. of places where women attend the regular Sabbath Services ...... 224 Attendance at Sabbath Services— Women ...... 7,123 Girls ...... 2,639 9,762 No. of women and girl communicants, December 31, 1912 5,925 Special— **No. of special workers in homes (harems)— Men ...... 2 Women ...... 35 37 Number of Women receiving instruction in homes (harems) — Regular pupils in homes— Protestants ...... 1,183 Copts ...... 1,936 Mohammedans ...... 257 Jewesses and others ...... 60 3,436 Irregular hearers in homes ...... • 1,936 Total number of Women being taught in their homes ...... 5,372 Attendants at special prayer meeting for women— Women ...... 3,839 Girls ...... 2,602 6,441 No. of schools for girls and young women alone in Egypt ...... 45 “ girls attending girls’ schools ...... 5.51 ? women and girls under influence of Gospel, about ...... is-ooo '‘''Women’s Societies— Presbyterial Societies ...... 3 Missionary Societies and Girls’ Missionary Societies 35 ------38 **Members of Missionary Societies— Women ...... 1,027 Juniors, girls ...... 1,277 r . ^’3° 4 Contributions, Women’s and Junior Missionary So­ cieties (included in church and congregational contributions) ...... $1,218 5. SCH O O LS IN E G Y P T . No. of Schools: Girls’ ...,\V...... 45 Bays’ .. 148 193 **Copied from last year’s Report. ( ______156 Egypt—Summary of Statistics.

No. of Teachers: Women ...... 189 Men ...... 336 525 Protestants 433 Others ___ 92 S2S No. of Pupils: Girls ----- S.SI7 Boys .... 11,434 16,951 No. of Schools under direct care of Mission 28 “ in outstations under care of Synod 165 193 Special Schools: No. of Boarders. Day Scholars. Total. Theological Seminary, Cairo ...... 12 12 College—Assiut College ...... 709 157 Assiut-Pressly Institute (Girls) . .. . 174 145 319 883 302 —— 1,185 Cairo Girls’ College ...... 79 360 439 Luxor Girls’ Day and Boarding School ...... 65 177 242 Fowler Orphanage—Girls' Day and Boarding School ...... 35 72 107 Ezbakiyah, Cairo, Girls’ Board­ ing School ...... 67 208 275 Tanta, Girls’ Day and Boarding School ...... 234 242

Total Schools, Special ( 8 ) ...... 1,149 r.353 2,502 Central Station Schools—including Special Schools: Schools Pupils Boys ...... 9 2,526 Girls ...... 19 3,807 — 28 ------6,333 Preparatory and Elementary Schools: Schools Pupils Boys • 139 .8,593 Girls . 26 2,025 - — - 165 — ^-10,618

Total Schools 193 Total Pupils 16,951 Religion of Pupils: Protestants: Boys ...... 3,204 Girls ...... 1,286 4,490 Copts: Boys 6,012 Girls 2,871

Moslems: Boys 1,856 Girls 860 2,716 Others: Boys 362 Girls 500 . 862 ' i 6.951 Egypt—^ummary of Statistics. 157

Nationality of Pupils: Egyptians ...... 16,028 Others ...... 923 16,951 School Finances: Paid by people of Egypt: Tuition Fees, all Schools ...... $62,039 Boarding Fees, Colleges & Girls’ Boarding Schools ...... 36,268 Subsidy towards self-support by Egyptians to supplement income Native Schools.. 15,685 ------$113,992 Paid from Endowments, Donations, Miscellan­ eous, etc., through Mission ...... 9,005 Paid by Mission Treasury only ...... 39,189

Total cost of 193 schools in Egypt ..... $162,186 Church in America paid ...... 24*4 per cent. People in Egypt paid ...... 70 per cent. Other Sources paid ...... 5 ^ per cent.

6. BOOK D E P A R T M E N T . Scriptures Distributed: (1) British and Foreign Bible Society...... 13,868 $759 (2) American Bible Society ...... 35,347 4,302 General Distribution: (a) Total scriptures ...... 49,215 5,061 (b) Religious Books ...... 16,226 2,576 (c) Educational, etc., books ...... 34,496 6,407

Total books sold and value ...... 99,937 $14,044 Stationery sold, value ...... 2,320

Total sales ...... Vols. 99,937 $16,364

7. M E D IC A L W O RK. No. of Physicians (men) ...... 5 “ Assistant Physicians (men, 2 ; women,2)) ...... 4 9 Nurses (missionary) ...... 2 Foreign Assistant Nurses (American 2, European 8) 10 Egyptian Assistant Nurses ...... 13 25 House visits ...... 4,971 Village visits ...... 210 “ Villages visited ...... 81 “ Clinic cases treated ...... 58,958 “ Operations performed ...... 1,585 “ Hospitals ...... 3 Patients in hospitals ...... 3,841 Total patients in clinics and hospitals ...... 62^799 Receipts, Physicians’ and Hospital fees and medicines ...... $31,576 158 Egypt—Summary of Statistics.

III. FINANCIAL SUMMARY.

. Received from native sources in the work of the various departments of evangelistic effort as carried on by the American Mission and the Native Protestant Church in Egypt during 1912. (a) Evangelistic, Congregational, Sabbath-school,Harem, etc. .. $57,586 (b) Educational, including college and all schools ...... 113,992 (c) Book department ...... 16,364 (d) Medical department ...... 31,576

Total receipt from Egyptian sources ...... $219,518 Appropriated by General Assembly, May, 1912, for 19 12-19 13 ... 147,766 For every dollar sent by America, Egypt gave a dollar and 49 cents. 81______

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MAP OF ¡7 Aswan« 1st Catetrode I \(8vene) Sikct Jcbeli.or Sikeiai c EGYPT \Berenicc) j Engraved from latest information and surveys to illustrate Tropic of Cancer THE HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN MISSION IN EGYPT. BiSHAREEN Published by the United Presbyterian Board of Publication.

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29 31 longitude 33 35 £.F.PI»k, Eagt., K r. THE

57 th Annual Report

American United Presbyterian Mission

INDIA

FOR THE YEAR 1912 India—Introduction. 161

INTRODUCTION.

A large measure of success has attended the work of the year and with a few exceptions the health of the workers has been good. Mrs. Belle Gordon Lytle and Mrs. T. F. Cummings, who had returned tb America after several years’ work in India, and little Margaret, daughter of the Rev. and Mrs. W. T. Anderson, were called to their reward. The coming of the Rev. and Mrs. E. V. Clements, the Rev. and Mrs. F. N. Crawford, and the Rev. and Mrs. W.- D. Mercer and Misses Minnie E. Beatty. S. Jeannette Hopkins, and Olive R. Laing and the return of the Rev. and Mrs. Chambers .and Misses McCullough, Gordon, Simpson, and Jameson, brought cheer and encouragement. The conditions in the villages continue much the same as last year. While the success of the false teachers, who offer material benefits to all who join them, has not been great it has been sufficient to make more prominent the great need that exists for instruction, and effort has been concentrated on the instruction of the Christians to the neglect of those not yet evangelized. The number of adult baptisms, as a result, has decreased from 2,986 in 1910, and 2,373 in T9 ir to 1,086. The net increase in membership has been 2,168 but the contributions have decreased on account of drought and high prices and lack of instruction, and the number of self-supporting congregations has fallen to 30. The schools and hospitals have been well patronized and though the preaching of the Word has been vigorously opposed in some districts, yet where the work has been carried on most regularly large numbers are more ready to hear than ever be­ fore and have in several instances requested that the Gospel be preached to them as well as to others. This readiness of the non-Christians to listen, and the progress being made by the Christians who are being taught, demand that those who are IÓ2 India—Introduction. united to Christ pray that laborers be thrust forth and their own lives and property be placed at his disposal for great work. R o b er t M a x w e l l , Editor-in-Chief. Editing Committee. S. C. P i c k e n W. B . A n d e r s o n H a r r is J. S t e w a r t M i s s H a z e l B e n n e t t “ A . L . C l e l a n d “ E. J. M a r t i n India—In Memoriam.

IN MEMORIAM. ZlDrs. Belle <5ori>on X^tle.

BY MISS EMMA DEAN ANDERSON.

“And I heard a voice from Heaven saying, Write, Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from henceforth: yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labors; for their works follow with them.” Mrs. Belle Gordon Lytle fell asleep in Jesus during the past year. She was one of God’s quiet, humble workers whose life counted for very much and whose influence still affects the lives of many in this land. For eighteen years Mr. and Mrs. Lytle labored most faith­ fully among the people of India. To them God gave the blessed privilege of encouraging and strengthening the hands and hearts of two of the first three men who gave themselves to the self- support work. In fact, it was largely due to the blessed in­ fluence of the life and teaching of these faithful servants of the Master that almost all of the young men who attended the Seminary at the time, are found among the leaders in church work to-day. It is hard to think of the work of Mrs. Lytle apart from her husband,* as she was his constant and faithful companion in all his work. The call to the ministry came to Mr. Lytle after their marriage and for some time he felt it would be an im­ possibility to engage in this work on account of lack of means, but Mrs. Lytle encouraged him to enter college, promising to help by her labors. How faithfully she kept her promise is shown by the fact that he was able to go through college and seminary without a break. She possessed a strong vigorous body and was ever ready to uphold her husband in all the differ­ ent departments of missionary work. She was a real home­ maker, and the beautiful life of the Lytle home had its effect on the lives of the students of the Seminary and the district workers, who were always welcomed there. Mrs. Lytle was a good singer and her enthusiasm in singing the Panjabi Psalms, which her husband had versified, had very much to do in winning for those sweet songs of Zion the place they have in our praise to-day. 164 India—In Memoriam.

The beauty and strength of the life of this noble woman shone forth most brightly when suddenly God took her dearlv beloved husband and left her alone with her daughter Grace. Without a murmur she accepted God’s will for her, and even in her own deep sorrow she spoke words of comfort and cheer to the sorrow-stricken workers and students, who felt so keen­ ly the loss of their splendid leader. She bade them live out that which her husband had taught them and to follow him as he had followed Christ. To witness her struggle in giving up India, the sacred spot where rested the precious dust of her heart’s companion, the land to whose beloved people she and her husband had so freely poured out life itself, was heart­ breaking. Her confidence in her Heavenly Father and desire to do his will, her duty toward her child, and the hope that she might one day return to India, enabled her to do this, but even up to the time of her last sickness she entertained the hope of coming back to India. Although to-day she is before the throne of God, yet the influence of a consecrated life remains with us, and we, her fellow-missionaries, hold her memory sacred, and thank God for giving her to the India Mission.

/IDrs. Ubomas f. Cummings.

BY MRS. J. H. MARTIN.

It seems hard to realize that she, with whom I spent so much of sixteen years in India, has gone from this life ! We had been here a year when Anna Wallace Cummings came out a bride. The next summer we lived nearr together on the hills and most of the following summers we were neighbors, often sharing the same house. So Mrs. Cummings’s life was lived near to mine. Our children were near the same ages and had pleasant times together. We each were called to give back, to Him who gave, our third child. So we had our sorrows together. Mrs. Cummings was truly a devoted wife and mother, sparing herself in no way, but ever doing what she felt to be her duty to the precious ones entrusted to her care. Her great desire was to see them trained up to be useful men and women wherever God wanted them. Though not very strong, she never seemed to think of what was best for herself but always of her husband and children. So even when she realized that the end was near she requested that they let her death cast no shadow over the home. The world to-day is surely crying loudly for more such devoted mothers—women who are willing quietly to do their duty in the home. India—In Memoriam.

Mrs. Cummings was well-educated and would have made a success as a teacher, but instead she came to this land and showed to those around what a Christian home should be, and who can measure the influence of such a life! Some one remarked, “Her children are her monuments.” I am sure she would desire no other. “

THE EFFECT ON OUR WORK OF MODERN MOVE- MENTS IN HINDUISM AND MOHAMMEDANISM.

BY MR. W. E. NXCOLL.

In an article of the length and purport of the following it is manifestly impossible to treat the subject in hand exhaust­ ively. We feel, therefore, that we may legitimately lay special stress on the word “ our/’ in the title, and confine our statements at least to the conditions in North India, if not to the limited area of our own Mission field. We may in the first place well ask ourselves, “ What are these modem movements?” “ Are they modern?’’ “Are they movements ?” It will be generally admitted, I believe, that there is activ­ ity along a number of lines in the communities above mentioned, and without tarrying to examine the subject critically we will probably not be far wrong in assuming that there are real move­ ments—evidences of something that at least resembles life—a sine qua non it would appear, of a real movement. When it comes to the term “modem” we are manifestly on debatable ground. Change there is, without doubt, in the man­ ner, methods, means, motives, and manifestations of these two great religions, but there are not a few who regard the present problems and position of the Church in India as paralleled in the early centuries of the Christian era. We will, however, not go far amiss if we consider the subject as it stands. These movements are manifesting themselves in our midst in a number of ways—educationally, socially, economically, na­ tionally, and purely religiously. Educationally the movement is widespread and seemingly firmly established. The Arya Samaj, Brahmo Samaj, Dev Samaj, and the Mohammedan community are active and alert; colleges and high schools and in many cases village schools are well conducted and largely patronized. There are not a few commendable instances of self-sacrifice on the part of teachers and professors serving on very meagre salaries, and the lay com­ munity have generously contributed towards the cost of build­ ings and maintenance. In some places these schools have come into keen competition with long-established Mission institutions and have drawn more or less heavily upon their p a t r o n a g e and in some instances an unhealthy condition of rivalry has arisen. India—Effect of Hinduism and Mohammedanism. 167

When one remembers that at least one of the primary ob­ jects of Mission schools is the general enlightenment of the people, and that any measure which dispels ignorance is, in some ways, a preparation for the extension of the Kingdom, we cannot help but feel that the principal influence of this educa­ tional movement is beneficial to our work. From all we can learn, special stress, as a rule, is not paid to the distinctive re­ ligious teachings of the sect supporting the school. The pupils are not thoroughly grounded in their religious beliefs and even graduates possess a very limited knowledge of their sacred books. There is no doubt a formal setting forth of the principles of the sect and a more or less pronounced appeal in an attempt to augment religious prejudice. The boys become apt in imi­ tating the master’s forensic attitude wiien he discusses reli­ gious questions in public with a Christian preacher, and many of them are quite well informed regarding time-worn objections originating from the days of Tom Paine onwards and pub­ lished widely in the vernacular and Anglo-Indian press. We may not, therefore, be able to say God-speed to all of their educational efforts, but let us not be narrow in our view. The main products are a loosening of the superstitious ties to ancient creeds and the general enlightenment of the masses, and these in our humble opinion will contribute to the progress of the Kingdom of God in India. Regarding social movements our direct information is ex­ tremely meager. We foreigners enter so little into the real social life, especially of the non-Christians, that it is difficult to estimate the influence and effect of modern movements m that sphere. It is doubtless true that Hinduism, especially, is a social institution. Believe what you wish but do not violate the social practices of the brotherhood. The privilege of draw­ ing water from a caste well looms large in the vision of an “untouchable,” and the partaking of food on the same mat with a Brahman is a sure passport to paradise. It is not sur­ prising, therefore, to find the social element strong in these movements. The “ Shuddhi” (cleansing) ceremony is being widely used. Holy water sprinkled over the unclean removes all taint. The Arya Samaj is especially active along this line in certain portions of our field. I was somewhat amused last summer when reading some appeals, appearing in an In­ dian paper, for the support of this work among the Megs in Sialkot City, to note how careful the writer was to call atten­ tion to the fact that it was purely an error that this class were regarded as “untouchable,” inasmuch as they were careful to observe all caste rules, rites, and ceremonies. i6S India—Effect of Hinduism and Mohammedanism.

The principal detriment to our work from this feature of these movements is the arrogance which this bit of worldly ad­ vancement and privilege gives. We would hardly regret to see more respectability, clean­ liness, and self-respect, among these classes but the present effect is undoubtedly to defer at least, anything in the way of mass movements from among these classes. 1 have read with interest the most of the articles and ad­ dresses in a little book—“ The Depressed Classes” compiled by G. A. Natesan, wherein a goodly number of high caste Hindus give expression to their ideas on these movements. His Highness the Gaekwar of Baroda explains this social disability as follows:— The common man, who never bothers to search for the reason of a practice which is sanctioned by custom or by what he calls religion, believes it sin to touch one of the depressed classes, the expiation for which is a bath, the shaving of the iace, or the handing over of -a substantial fine to the Brahmans, .bortunately, in practice, it is found that the law, divine though it is supposed to be, is honored more in the breach than in the observance. For instance, the penance can be avoided by the sprinkling of water or by the touch of a Mohammedan. That his father did it before him, and that the nebulous collection ot custom and superstition which does duty for religion with him prescribes it, satisfies his reason. You cannot argue with him lor his religion is beyond argument, being based on facts which if written are more or less inaccessible, and not open to logical attack. The more educated put forth a complicated occult theory in justification of this practice. Beyond the hu­ man form, invisible to ordinary mortals, floats his nebulous body, his aura, composed of the material which decided the composition of his nature, his character, his morals. When one touches anojther, the aura of both, projecting beyond their ma­ terial bodies, interpenetrate each other. If one of the two happens to be a low man of bad morals, his objectionable aura 'sticks to the pure aura of the other, and this, acting on his self, spoils his morals and character. I do not pretend to com­ prehend this theory. I have set it forth as I received it. It seems to me, however, that it argues too much. It requires us to avoid contact with evil-minded people, even bad Brahmans. This, however, we never see done. On the other hand, to re­ fuse to touch all depressed classes on this ground is to assume that every single individual of these classes is an evil man with an impure aura floating around him. This also does not ac­ cord with experience. Some of the most depressed of these classes have produced persons who by their saintliness earned an all-India reputation and respect even from Brahmans and other high castes. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, GUJRANWALA, INDIA.

ST U D E N TS’ dormitories .

THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY— MAIN BUILDING. India— Effect of Hinduism and Mohammedanism. 169

The Hon. Mr. T. V. Seshagiri Aiyar of Madras says, “ I niust here pause to pay a word of tribute to the work of the Christian missionaries. I am not concerned with their endeav­ ors to gain converts. They have materially contributed to the advancement of these classes. Habits of self-respect and clean­ liness have come to them. The work of Foreign Missions is waking up the educated classes of India. It has made them realize that they would be losing ground if they neglect to raise these depressed classes. “I am not sorry that Hindus are leaving their traditional faith in consequence of the endeavors > of the missionaries to raise these depressed classes. I am not afraid that the great religion of this land will thereby lose its hold upon its children. I am only sorry for the disunion and social disintegration which this involves.’’ Lala Lajpat Rai of Lahore writes, “There can be no unity, no solidarity, so .long as they (the depressed classes) are what they are at present. They must come up and occupy their proper place in the social hierarchy before we can,, with .per­ fect truth, call ourselves a nation. At present they are no­ where. They are with us, it is true, but -they are, not of us. Their fidelity is being put to a severe strain, and unless we recognize the justice and humanity of their cause, and recog­ nize it in time no blame could attach to them if they were to separate themselves from us and join the ranks of those who are neither with us nor of us.” So much at least for the theoretical aspect of the social movement. It is undoubtedly true that the political possibili­ ties under the reform schemed are not being overlooked by these ardent propagandists of the new movements. This is abund­ antly evidenced by a reading of these articles. With that feat­ ure, however, we are not concerned. We believe that the In­ dian Christian has political rights., as an Indian and a member of the Indian race and nation, but we would regret to see the iormation of such political sect or party. The activity of the leaders in this social reclamation- is certainly a loud call to us to pass in review our methods ot dealing with social questions. These vast communities when won to Christ must have a social life. What are we doing to develop it or lead it into right channels. Our. conventions and melas are something, but just a beginning. Especially in com­ munities where vast numbers of these people are leaning to­ ward Christianity our leaders must be alert and resourceful. All things considered I am inclined to look upon these social features of the new movement as retarding, but not necessar­ ily preventing the advancement of the Kingdom in our midst. The limits of my paper will not permit me to dwell more at length on the political and economic aspects of these move­ 170 India—Effect of Hinduism and Mohammedanism.

ments. The latter, to my mind, is very important. No doubt many are sick and weary of the cry, “ Give us land,” and some may be disposed to attribute wholly to unworthy motives the onrush from some of these classes. I have not been able to determine to what extent these movements in Hinduism and Mohammedanism are affecting this economic situation, but as the social fabric- is reconstructed, changes are bound to occur in the industrial relations of these people and it would be well for us to be prepared to extend a helping and directing hand: not that we should leave the Word of God and serve tables, but we cannot hold ot*r own, to say nothing of making progress, by simply teaching the creed, Commandments, and Shorter Cate­ chism. This brings us naturally to the most important feature of the question—i. e., the distinctly religious. Whatever may be the real motive or motives of these move­ ments the outward and ostensible one is religious. The ap­ peal for assistance and support is made on* that basis. This feature of the question has much wider application than any of the others mentioned, because of the fact that not only among the outcastes and untouchables is there spiritual unrest, but seemingly the entire body of religious thought is in a state of flux. As expressed in one of the findings of the National Con­ ference recently held in Calcutta under the presidency of Dr. Mott, “ There are also many indications that the movements among these classes (the depressed classes) are spreading to the caste people. Indeed in some parts of India these move­ ments have already begun. It is doubtful how long the door will remain open. Strong forces are at work tending to close it.” Many of these strong forces can be designated as modern movements—largely emulations of the methods, at least, of Mis­ sions. The Rev. C. F. Andrews notes in his recent book, “The Renaissance of India,” “A leading thinker, who was not him­ self a Christian, said to me a short time ago, ‘We are all feel­ ing now the need of a new religious impulse if the national movement is to go forward. The heart of India is eternally religious and cannot understand anything unless it is stated in religious terms. Our national thinkers at the first often ne­ glected this fundamental lact, and we ourselves are only just com­ ing to see the full importance of it. But what this new religion will be, which will hold India together, we cannot even imagine. Hinduism can never do it. Islam cannot either. No mere eclec­ tic religion, such as Theosophy, can help us. You will prob­ ably say that Christianity is the supreme religion of the future, and we in India are looking anxiously towards it, as they are also in Japan. But the Christian religion in its present outward aspect does not greatly attract us; though its teaching, as seen India—EJject of Hinduism and Mohammedanism. 171 in the Sermon on the Mount, is very beautiful and thoroughly ‘Indian.’ We are really waiting, expecting, hoping, for the new impulse to come. When it does come, we shall recognize it and turn to it, and our present difficulties and disappointments will be ended.’ ” “The Indian student of modem days, therefore, is full of unrest and dissatisfaction in his religious life (perhaps the un­ rest there is greatest of all), but he is not, on the whole, irre­ ligious. He is eager to talk with any one who sympathizes with his difficulties, but his own supreme difficulty is to act in ac­ cordance with his new beliefs.” “The reforming movements gain a great deal of their popu­ larity from the fact that they are half-way houses between the old and the new. Those which appeal to national sentiments, such as the Arya Samaj, and demand least domestic change, are the most popular. Those which demand complete separa­ tion from caste (and therefore great domestic change), such as the Brahmo Samaj, are either stationary or declining.” Where there is real spiritual hunger, we believe that we have little to fear from these movements. With the bread of life alone can this hunger be assuaged. Temporary satisfaction is often doubtless secured by some of these subterfuges, but if we are faithful in preaching and especially in living a pure true Gospel the ultimate results will be great ingatherings into the Kingdom and the salvation of immortal souls. Let us not be in any sense slaves to the curse of statistics, nor tremble unduly at the success of “ those who oppose themselves.” Delay, retro­ gression, disappointment, there will doubtless be. The exceed­ ingly sad thought is that many will pass over the Dorder un­ saved. Because of this fact we feel that in this aspect of the question these blind leaders of the blind are a real hindrance to the progress of the Gospel. Our remarks throughout have had primary reference to the modem tendencies in Hinduism, since they are most prominent and virile, especially in our field, but there is no doubt that the reformation in Mohammedanism, centering about the names of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and Aligarh has resulted in releasing many of the followers of Islam from bigotry and prejudice. True the tendency has been to be satisfied merely with a reformed (if that is possible) Mohammedanism but un­ questionably the spread of education and the idea of brother­ hood promulgated have helped to open many a Moslem’s heart to the Gospel message. We conclude therefore, that there is much in the educa­ tional, social, economic, and national features of these move­ ments that, while presenting temporary barriers, is destined to be ultimately advantageous to the progress of the Kingdom. 1 72 India—Effect of Hinduism and Mohammedanism.

In the religious realm, however, we believe they are a positive hindrance, begetting false hopes, lulling suspecting but restless souls to spiritual death, checking mass movements, clothing sinful practices with respectability* and perhaps secretly rather than openly, directly opposing the work of Christian Missions, in other words, devices of the arch-enemy of the souls of men. The limits of our paper do not permit a treatment of what our attitude should be in each particular, but with a sympathy for and appreciation of all that is good and helpful let us not be blind to the deceitfulness of sin and the necessity for vigi­ lance and aggressiveness, faith, hope, and love, to meet the crisis that is upon us. Indiar—Work Among Christians. m

WORK AMONG CHRISTIANS. ORGANIZED WORK. CONGREGATIONS This year’s, report shows no great increase in the number of organized congregations, in membership, nor in contribu­ tions. In many places the proselytizing: of Roman Catholics and other sects, offering material aid to the people, has made it difficult for the Church to hold its own. We rej oice to say that in many cases this turning aside of the weaker ones has made workers and teachers more alert to the needs of the Church, and has strengthened the faith and purpose of our best people. The scarcity of crops has made the problem before the pastors of self-supporting congregations more complicated than ever. May we not all pray for them in their hour of difficulty. Looked at from the point of statistics, the year’s work among the organized congregations of Gujranwala is not en­ couraging. There is only one self-supporting congregation in the district, and the pastor of this one with a number of his people went to the canal colony this year. For two years an effort has been sustained in the Othian-Galotian congregation to have a pastor called. Babu Shadi Khan, a licentiate, and one of the most experienced and trusted evangelists in the dis­ trict, has been living upon what the people would pay him in salary, but at great sacrifice on his part. Presbytery has de­ clined to ordain him until the people would adequate^ support him, and he has declined to leave the field. In most of the con­ gregations progress is very slow. The people are ignorant and know nothing of organization. They just now need much wise counsel. An elders’ conference was held in Gujranwala. It was arranged in the season when the farmers were least busy. The attendance was good, and the elders seemed to get some­ thing of a vision of the opportunities possible to their office. Some of them are getting enough of a missionary spirit to go out and preach and teach in the neighboring villages. Very special effort is being made to train the eldership. On the bor­ ders of the district there has been some disturbance caused by the coming of the Roman Catholics to entice the people away. Providentially these attacks were made in places where there were elders of strong enough convictions and character to hold their people firm. An eldership with vision and devotion will be the saving of the Indian Church. 174 India— Work Among Christians.

The Rev. Barkat Masih, pastor of Gujranwala congregation reports that the church has grown in numbers and in spiritual­ ity. The Sabbath services, Sabbath-schools and weekly prayer meetings, and house to house visitation, have been regularly maintained. Peace and harmony have prevailed in the church which seems to be preparing for the coming of her Lord. In the city and surrounding villages the number of Christians is increasing. In view of this, presbytery placed the Rev. Karm Baksh in charge of two sections of the city and several vil­ lages, in the hope that another self-supporting congregation might be organized. Efforts are made to hold Sabbath ser­ vices in as many villages as possible. The coming of the Semi­ nary has largely increased the number of these places in which regular services are held, and has added much to the life of the congregation. Six adults and 22 infants were baptized. The salary of the pastor was paid in full. We request your prayers for this congregation that it may make progress in spiritual things. In Gurdaspur District there are eight organized congrega­ tions, seven of which are entirely self-supporting, while the contributions of the eighth are nearly on a par with those of the others. The work of building up these congregations has been a noble one, and difficult, and was not accomplished by the hand of man alone. They are not yet on a firm financial basis, and the time may come when some of them may have to give up their record of entire self-support, unless conditions im­ prove soon. The pastors of these congregations are the best workers of the district. They have suffered privations which in America would be thought almost impossible. They have been blessed. The past year has witnessed some changes in the organized work. A new congregation, Sekha, has been added to the number previously reported. A pastor has been called to the Gurdaspur congregation. He and the pastor of Ugru Khaira have been ordained. There has been a slight in­ crease in the membership of the district congregations. The fact that all these congregations have successfully supported their pastors for a year, and some of them for a longer period, shows a vital interest of the people in their church. While a church’s spirituality cannot be measured entirely by its contri­ butions, yet the gifts of this Indian Church so lately called out from heathenism shows that she does possess some spiritual life. The Rev. Gunda Mall reports that work among Chuhras in Ihelum City has opened up during the past year. Four entire families were baptized. Although they do not live near the church they gladly come and take part in the ordinary church services. These people learn well, and have family worship in their homes. Some of them spend much of their spare time in India—Work Among Christians. 175 teaching their non-Christian relatives and friends about the Christ whom they have found. In addition to his work for the congregation the pastor does considerable bazaar preaching. The baptisms for the year numbered 24. Of these 14 were adults and 10 children. The Christian community numbers 87, an increase of 17 over last year. The present membership of the church is 45. There is peace in the church now and we earnestly long for the day when the old leaven will have spent its force, a n d Jhelum become a glory to God and his Christ. Numerically, the three congregations of Khangah Dogran District have just held their own. Martinpur congregation has been ministered to very efficiently, and the congregation is in a prosperous condition. Roranwali congregation was vacant until September. This congregation is not self-supporting but re­ quested that Hakim Rai, a junior graduate of the Seminary, be sent to them in the hope that he might become their pastor. In Satialli congregation 22 adults were baptized during the year. The congregation was vacant for over five months. The Rev. Buta Mall resigned at the March meeting of Presbytery, and went to a congregation in Pasrur District. His people at Satialli were not happy without him, nor wa? he happy away from them so he returned in August and took up his old work. Even this short separation was not without harm to the congrega­ tion. In his absence some of the people went to the Roman Catholic Church. The pastor of Lyattpur congregation reports 204 members, against 216 last year. The increase bv profession was 42 and by certificate 108. A good spirit has prevailed. Manpur con­ gregation has no pastor, but plans are being made to settle the Seminary graduate who is now teaching them. Thirty mem­ bers have gone over to the Roman Catholics. Last year their contributions were*Rs. 130. This year they have fallen to Rs. 95. This is due to their having no pastor, and to the vigorous efforts of the Roman Catholic agents. The congregation has begun to gather strength again, and we have reason to believe that it will soon be as strong as ever. In Pasrur District two new congregations, Bhaler and Ratta Jathol were organized from Kalaswala congregation. In an effort to relieve pastors, a new district, Talwandi, was formed from part of three self-supporting congregations. One of these pastors had 55 villages in charge, another 41, and a third 34. This overburdening of pastors weakens the cause of self-sup­ port, but there seems to be no remedy at present. The con­ gregation is neglected and in a short time spiritual indifference comes, and indignation at the delinquent pastor makes the peO' pie indifferent to his needs. Pasrur District has 11 congrega­ tions, two of which are without pastors at present. The work has been very much strengthened by the coming of the Rev. 176 India— Work Among Christians.

Qadir Baksh. to Baddomali congregation. Light winter rains have tended to increase the difficulties of pastors. The Pasrur City congregation has prospered under the Rev. Jamil-ud-Din No further losses through the efforts of the Roman Catholics are reported in the city. The congregation has contributed nearly Rs. 600 for all purposes. Two days before Christmas the congregation met and cleaned the church, and plastered the outside wall. More than 400 people attended the services and treat which followed on Christmas day. The regular attend­ ance is little more than half this number. The Rev. W. T. Williams, pastor of Rawal Pindi congre­ gation, reports that the past year has been, in many respects, a very trying one. In the beginning of the year he was unable to do any regular visiting on account of illness in his home. Later, however, he and his wife were able to visit regularly the mem­ bers of the congregation. There have been many cases of sick­ ness among the members of the congregation, but not more deaths than in previous years. These times of care and anxiety in the families have drawn several people nearer to God, and have taught them the practical use of prayer. The former con­ gregational home missionary has been employed by the Salva­ tion Army, but another has been temporarily engaged with the hope of securing a permanent worker. This man will labor among the poorer non-Christian people of the city who are so willing to be taught. The spiritual progress of the congregation is satisfactory, and the members are feeling more and more, their responsibility for carrying the Gospel message to the peo­ ple of the city. They have faithfully contributed to the pas­ tor’s salary, home mission, poor, and graveyard funds. The total amount contributed for all purposes is approximately Rs. 1,200. The congregation in Sargodha City has been without a pas­ tor for the last nine months, the Rev. B. M. Rai having re­ signed. Several of the members removed 011 account of the re­ trenchment in the hospital work, and the remainder are some­ what discouraged by the consequent diminution in membership and contributions. The majority, however, continue to con­ tribute to the pastor’s fund and are endeavoring to make up the debt incurred the previous year. It is hoped that they may soon have a good pastor. The Sakesar peoole, under the pastorate of the Rev. Mangu Mall are prospering. The pastor and con­ gregation have undertaken the work of several neighboring vil­ lages, and so are doing home mission work. They are now also ready to support their own school teacher. The pastor at Wes- tonpur has been released. The Rev. Hamid-ud-Din Salik still continues to shepherd the people of the Christian community at Bhera. The Rev. 'Karm Baksh has resigned from the pas­ torate of the Chak 87 congregation. The Rev. Farman Din is the stated supply of that congregation, but the people are rather India— Work Among Christians. 177 indifferent and especially delinquent in the matter of giving. The people in the congregation of Chak 74 are in a prosperous con­ dition spiritually. They have called as pastor the Rev. Mallu Chand from Martinpur, and he has accepted the call. Two new congregations have been formed in the Government Remount Depot, near Sargodha City. These two congregations are self- supporting, as are also the Sakesar, Chak 74, Chak 87, and Sargodha City congregations. The Rev. J. W. Ballantycie reports from Sialkot:— "There has been but little change in the status of the congrega­ tions of Sialkot District. The two pastors have had difficulty in securing a living from the people. This shortage in contribu­ tions was due, in part, as the pastors themselves admit, to a relaxation of their efforts in the regular teaching work. That this conclusion was correct is now being verified. We had ex­ acted a, promise from both pastors that they would visit and give a lesson to the Christians of each village in their charge on stated days of the week. The pastors were both surprised at the quickness with which the people responded to their regular visits. The failure of the people to come to their usual stand­ ard reflects conditions which are rather general. Two factors unfavorable to our work must be taken into account. First, the proselytizing propaganda of the Roman Catholics and the Sal­ vation Army. Second, an abnormal and rather sudden spread of lawlessness among the people generally. The activities of the Roman Catholic priests and their agents have been as un­ tiring as they have been unscrupulous. One never knows when they are entering new sections of the Church, or how it is they recognize so quickly the weak places. They have not made much progress during the year in the way of winning over the people, but they have succeeded in keeping their minds in a disturbed condition, and have excited their avarice. The hopes of greatly improving their worldly position, which are, to a certain extent, in the minds of many of our people when they become Chris­ tians, have been greatly excited by alluring promises, and while these promises are now being taken at their proper value, the very fact of having the attention turned towards worldly mat­ ters has done much real harm. The Salvation Army agents en­ tered our district during the past summer, and not only began their work among some of our people who were under suspen­ sion, but took on a worker that had been trained in our Mission, directing him to do all that he could to win over our Christians. Their course of action is much regretted because their higher officers have been accorded courtesies by missionaries in gene­ ral, and they are regarded by the Christian denominations at home as doing a good work in India. Their presence in our midst has not made much impression, however, and their meth­ ods are generally disapproved. The condition of lawlessness which has obtained of late has affected many of our people 178 India— Work Among Christians.

seriously. That such a state exists is only too apparent. The district police officer told me during the summer that the amount of crime in the district had increased 50 per cent, dur­ ing the last three years. As a consequencc of this lawlessness our -Christians have not suffered especially at the hands of non- Christians. Cases of oppression and injustice from without have been fewer this year than usual. The trouble is more serious. The Christians have been guilty of gross evils among themselves. There have been a number of very aggravated cases of the abduction of wives,—the wives, of course, being will­ ing parties in all such cases. The fact that the Church has been unable to cope with the trouble, and that injured parties have invariably been unable to get redress in the courts, has only emboldened such offenders. This is the most difficult situation with which we have had to deal since entering the work, and the end is not yet. The things we have mentioned are general throughout the country. Lawyers who have had to deal with such cases say that they are in the trend of Indian society to­ day, which is intoxicated with prosperity, and has gone mad after material things. This is no doubt true the world over, and is causing alarm in Christian communities at home. How much greater the cause for apprehension when the Christian community is in the initial stage of its forfnation. How we wish for stronger and better equipped leaders! How we wish that the people were better taught! God can effect this, how­ ever. We know that He is able for this, and only He is able. Herein is the favorable factor, that He has given many effec­ tive and acceptable leaders, and the great majority even of the lower grade have been remarkably loyal. The congregations in Zafarmal District have prospered during the past year. The bounds of the Ainowali congregation have been enlarged, and the Rev. David is doing good work. It is hoped that the people may be stronger because of the attacks of the Roman Catholics, and also that the shortage in the har­ vest may be blessed to both pastor and people. The Chhima congregation has been prospering. The bitter persecution of the Rev. Arura Mall by the non-Christians has subsided, and the work is proceeding smoothly. The outlook for the new year is very hopeful. The work in Zafarwal is as usual. The at­ tendance at Sabbath services has been rather low. Those of the villages near at hand come only occasionally. The weekly visits of the Rev. Mulaim-ud-Din to some of the villages have proved very helpful to the Christians, and in one village especially, the people were ready to recite' miracles and parables which they had learned at different times. The increase in membership in these congregations has not been great during the year, but the spiritual condition has improved. We deplore the fact that in a number of cases a mud shrine, or some ancient custom, still India— Work Among Christians. 179 holds a place in the minds of the people—not that they have left Christianity, but that they have not altogether given up the idea that these things are necessary to their religious life. Heath­ en marriage customs are still too common. The buying and selling of girls goes on as formerly. We hope the day will soon come when our Christian people will consider it very wrong to give and take money for their girls. The contributions have fallen off this year, but this is due principally to the shortage of the harvest. SABBATH SCHOOLS. In the Sabbath-school of the Christian Training Institute at Sialkot, 4 boys passed in the All-India Examination in July. The contributions amounted to Rs. 16. A group of five boys conduct ,a Sabbath-school service for Christians in a village about four miles distant from the school. In Gurdaspur City and Awanka there are well equipped Sabbath-schools. The services in the congregations consist of a church service in which there is preaching and teaching by the pastor. There is a constant endeavor to bring the eldership up to the place where it will be able to supply the teaching force for real Sabbath-school work. To accomplish this the presby­ tery has made inquiries concerning the elders in each congrega­ tion, and has taken steps for the removal from office of those who are not really spiritual leaders. The Sabbath-school at Jhelum congregation meets regularly and has an attendance of about sixty. There are six teachers and five classes. A weekly teachers’ meeting is held. Contributions for the year amounted to Rs. 25. The Sabbath-school of the Pasrur congregation has a mem­ bership of 241 pupils and 14 teachers. The contributions for the year amounted to Rs. 102. In the All-India Examination 21 entered for the oral examination, and 20 passed; 50 entered for the written examination, and 41 passed; one of these took the highest grade for India in the Teachers’ Division of the Per­ sian Urdu. A teachers’ meeting is held regularly every week. The Sabbath-school work in the district is carried on largely in connection with the day schools, where over 1,000 boys are taught the Sabbath-school lessons and enter the All-India Sab­ bath-school Examination. In Madhopur, Pathankot District, a Sabbath-school was open from April until November. The Sabbath-school les­ sons of the first six months were taught. Forty-two boys were enrolled in this school. Aside from the regular Sabbath-school, in connection with the Rawal Pindi congregation, nine others are maintained. The most of these are connected with some one of the different schools about the city. The average attendance is from 15 to 50, so 180 India—Work Among Christians.

that altogether from 300 to 400 boys are receiving instruction every Sabbath. The attendance is purely voluntary at all these schools. There is a good Sabbath-school in connection with the con­ gregation at Sargodha. When not in camp missionaries and other workers go out to neighboring villages and teach the les­ sons to the Christians. In the evening they all meet in the city church and hold Sabbath-school before the preaching service. This school, with its branch schools, has had a number of passes every year in the All-India Examination, and sends a delegate to the annual convention. There is also a good Sabbath-school at Sakesar under the care of that congregation. Several from this village entered the examination last year. The Sabbath-school at the Girls’ Boarding School, Sialkot, has been carried on as usual. Nasiban Jassu, one of the school’s own girls, now a teacher, has been the superintendent. Zafarwal congregation has the only well organized Sab­ bath-school in the district. The offerings hnve not been so large as usual. In the other congregations there are no regularly or­ ganized Sabbath-schools, but the pastors conduct informal ser­ vices in a number of villages every Sabbath.

CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR SOCIETIES. There has been much interest shown in the meetings of the Christian Endeavor Society of the Girls’ Boarding School, Sialkot. Rs. 21 have been given to home mission work. There are eight Christian Endeavor Societies in the Girls’ Industrial Home, Pasrur, with 120 members. The number in each society is kept small in order that each member may take an active part in the meetings, and that every teacher in the school may have charge of a society. Miss Ishar Das, the head teacher, has charge of the Senior society and oversight of all. She, with a band of girls from the Senior society has regularly visited a village on Sabbath afternoons, and the Christian women and girls there show much progress in Bible knowledge. The prayer room committee has purchased a lamp for the prayer room, and has six rupees collected for a carpet. Aside from the regular Endeavor meetings a voluntary meeting for prayer is held in the prayer room on Sabbath evenings. At this meeting special requests are made for prayer. A little seven-year-old boy said one evening, “ Please pray for the boy who asked for prayer on the last evening of the Sialkot Convention.” Such requests as these are made:—“ Pray for the King,” “ Pray for the Viceroy, that he may get well,” “ Pray that the war may stop, so that there may not be so much bloodshed.” These re­ quests are made by village girls from eight to eleven years old. This shows that education has broadened their vision. India— Work Among Christians. 181

The three Christian Endeavor Societies of the Christian Training Institute, Sidkot, have continued their meetings throughout the school year. The many picture cards with Scripture verses, received from friends at home, have been ap­ preciated by the boys who learn and recite the verses in Urdu. Many more cards are now needed, as the supply is exhausted. The Senior Christian Endeavor Society of Gurdaspur has very few members; but of these few some are taking an interest in teaching others, and are advancing along the line of Christian work. The vice-president has developed an interest in Sab- oath-school work, and one young member has shown decided ability as a Junior leader. Two other members have shown more interest than usual in the Women’s Missionary Society. A small contribution was sent to the president of the Punjab Union to. aid in paying the expenses of the traveling secretary. The Juniors have learned many verses and Psalms. One evening in Septem­ ber they gathered at the ladies’ bungalow, and after reciting what they had learned, received a treat for which money had been sent by a Sabbath-school class of little girls in Atlanta, Georgia. In Khangah Dogran District there is about the same num­ ber of societies and members as last year, 13 societies and 133 members. All the societies have sub-committees appointed for practical work in the villages, such as evangelistic, Sabbath-keep­ ing, good language, peace making, etc. Recently the semi-annual convention of the district was held at Khangah Dogran. There were about 80 present. According to the usual custom, eight cents was charged each delegate for boarding and lodging during the convention. This covered most of the expenses. Good ad­ dresses were delivered by Mr. Jalal-ud-Din, who is next to the highest official in this tahsil, and the Rev. Mahtab Din of the Church of Scotland Mission. A part of the 104th Psalm was sung by the representatives of the different societies, in turn, as a contest. The story of the latter part of Christ’s life was also told, from the Passover to the Crucifixion. The entire arrangement, as well as the program, was carried out by the Indian people themselves, the missionaries being merely inter­ ested visitors. Bands of Hope have taken the place of Juiiior societies in some parts of Pathankot District. There are six of these bands, with a total membership of 32. This year the children wear the Band of Hope badge. They are taught temperance songs and verses. Encouraging instances of help in overcoming tempta­ tion are reported. Under present conditions the drink habit is increasing and great effort is needed to save Christian children from this evil. i82 India— Work Among Christians. WOMEN’S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES.

During the past year our Women’s Missionary Societies have maintained a small quarterly paper called Bashir-un-Niswan (“Giver of Good News to Women” ). It has been much appre­ ciated and has a great field for usefulness. No new societies were formed in Gujranwala District last year. The leaders of Badoke and Galotian societies moved away, and with them interest seemed to go too. Nearly always the leader is the only woman in the village who can read. Sev­ eral women from Galotian, with their leader, a young girl living in the village, walked over 20 miles to attend the synodical meet­ ing in Sialkot last spring. The Women’s Missionary Society in Gurdaspur is in a flour­ ishing condition. There are 25 members, and half of these are from the villages. Some village members are as faithful in at­ tendance as the city ones, and contribute one anna each per month. There is only this one society here which holds a regu­ lar monthly meeting. The three which were organized out in the district meet very irregularly. In the city society a thankoffering meeting was held in July, and the collection amounted to Rs.25. The monthly contributions for the year were Rs. 48, which is expended in a scholarship for an orphan girl, and for the pres­ byter ial and delegate funds. The Jhelum society, in addition to its regular work, sup­ ports an orphan girl in Pasrur school. One missionary society in Khangah Dogran District was entirely broken up this year because of a quarrel among the people. Many times, however, there is reason to thank God for His grace working in the heart» of the women. The village thankoffering fund is increasing from year to year, and in many villages the women have made great advances in the Christian life. It is inspiring to hear some of their reasons for putting money into the thankoffering. One woman, according to the promise mentioned in last year’s report, put in a rupee, because her wandering boy returned home. Many put in money because of restoration to health. The Indian sister who never failed to remind the members of the time and place of the women’s meeting left Lyallpur in March. Since her departure the meetings have not been so reg­ ular. During the summer months the meetings were well at­ tended and the programs interesting and helpful. The thank- offering, including the offering of the village women, was Rs. 63. One woman gave Rs. 5 for the work of the Home Missionary Society, as a thankoffering for restoration from illness. Of the two village societies organized during the year, one has been dis­ continued because of the removal of its leader. The Women’s Missionary Society of Pasrur reports 66 mem­ bers, with contributions for the year amounting to Rs. 53> an^ a India— Work Among Christians. 183

thankoffering of Rs. 67. The attendance at the monthly meet­ ings has not been so good as it should have been, but more than half of the members attend regularly and have taken an interest. Some of those who cannot attend the meetings have sent their contributions, and some have sent verses. Missionary societies have been organized in several villages, and in these villages the women have learned more Bible stories than the men. It is encouraging to find women who cannot read willing to teach others. Pathankot City society holds regular meetings when the school is in session. The membership for the past year was 25, an increase over last year. The Magazine programs have been used for the meetings. The society supported a teacher in the girls’ school last year. The thankoffering was Rs. 75. The district reports three societies. Thankofferings are taken at the time of the missionaries’ yearly visit. The death of a faithful helper in this work is a matter of great grief to the women. She was very faithful and loved her Bible. The missionary society of Rawal Pindi City meets on Thurs­ day afternoon of each week. There are 28 members, most of whom are capable of leading a meeting, and the meetings are taken in turn. During the year the study was the Acts of the Apostles. Contributions amounted to a little over Rs. 150. Dur­ ing the year five business meetings were held. The Sangla Hill missionary society has met regularly dur­ ing the year. It has few members who can read, but they have been faithful in attendance. The contributions amounted to about Rs. 45. The thankoffering for the entire district was Rs. 60. This represents much self-denial and devotion on the part of the women. This special offering has increased the spirit of giving among our women. Not only do they look forward to their special offering, but they have been more faithful in giving their regular contributions. One woman who has five daughters brought them all to the thankoffering meeting and each of them had her own offering. One of the daughters had been named “Disgusting,” because she was not wanted in a home that had so many daughters, but when the family was baptized this year this daughter was baptized “ Beloved.” The Sargodha City society continues to do faithful work, though the number of members has decreased, owing to several removals from the city. The members take turns in leading and the subjects are usually on work in other lands. As the women themselves look up material on the subjects, their knowledge of work in other fields has greatly increased. During part of the year the weekly meetings for sewing were discontinued. The JBhera society has but four active and two associate members. They keep up their meetings and their interest. Each member chooses and talks on her own subject. Their thankoffering amounted to Rs. 9. The Sakesar society is in a flourishing con­ 184 India—Unorganized Christian Work.

dition, nearly all the women of the village being members. One new society has been organized during the year, and the other three village societies have nearly died. However, just at the close of the year they show signs of life, and we hope that they will make progress this year. Sialkot society has 20 members enrolled. This is only a small proportion of the women of the congregation. No meetings were held while the lady missionaries were away on their sum­ mer vacations. This is one weakness of the Indian people. Many of them persist in thinking that they cannot direct any organization by themselves. The contributions amounted to nearly Rs. 33. The society in Ainowali has not held regular meetings. The Zafqrwal society held eleven meetings during the year. From the contributions money was given to buy matting for the church, and also toward the purchase of. the new Sialkot Convention tent. The thankoffering service was held at the time of the Bible school, when the district members were present, and an offering of Rs. 45 was received.

UNORGANIZED CHRISTIAN WORK. WORK AMONG VILLAGE MEN. The work of shepherding the multitudes of baptized Chris­ tians who are not included in organized congregations under pastors, is what takes most of the thought, labor and prayer of the “ district missionaries.,, Perhaps the most outstanding fact is a lack of efficient laborers sufficient to carry on this vast work. Dr. Brown writes with regard to Sargodha District: “ The situation in respect to this work is not in the least improved since last year. On the contrary, now at the end of the first half of the financial year we find we have overspent our appropriation and must dismiss some workers. It makes one heartsore to have the ignorant Chris­ tians begging for both secular and spiritual teachers, when in­ stead of being able to grant their requests, we must dismiss workers already employed. Only about one third of our Chris­ tians have anything like regular teaching in Scripture. Most of the remainder we see perhaps once a year, but there are some whom we have never been able to visit at all. There is, too, a great lack of interest on the part of many of our teachers.” The Rev. J. W. Ballantyne, Sialkot District, says: “Would that we had more workers who are not only worthy but better educated. The process of educating them is slow, and from the educated all are not ‘chosen.’ ” The Rev. A. M. Laing, of Gurdaspur, re­ ports: “ Nothing seems plainer than the need of the unorganized communities for more teaching.” The Rev. H. C. Chambers says regarding Khangah Dogran: “ As compared with other India—Unorganized Christian Work. 185

districts of the Mission this one is pretty well off for workers, but even here less than one fourth of the villages having a con­ siderable Christian community have a teacher. The shepherding of these is a great problem, as nearly all the workers are in charge of schools, which, in order to attain any sort of success or permanent results, require the whole time and attention of the teachers.5’ The Rev. A. B. Caldwell, of Sangla Hill, re­ ports: “ The provision for those baptized is not satisfactory. The Christian teacher is so confined to his own place that he is unable to visit any village in his own territory more than once in ten days, and some villages only once a month. We have not the means to employ both school teachers and catechists in every circle of villages.” Dr. Martin, of Lyallpur, says: “Our great need is for trained pastors. It is hard to find men fitted for that work. Our Mission’s great work is the training of such men.” In Pasrur District “ the scarcity of teachers and preachers is everywhere felt. In the southern part is a vast area where there is no worker.” Another important fact of a discouraging nature is the con­ tinued activity of proselytizing agents, especially Roman Cath­ olics. This is quite closely connected with the widespread lack of workers, and follows largely as the effect its cause. One writes: “In every part of our district our hearts have been sad­ dened by the inroads made by the Roman Catholics among our people. Village after village has gone over to them, and we grieve the more because we know that in most instances the people were not being adequately instructed or cared for by us. Some say plainly that they were not being visited and taught. Few if any villages which were receiving regular instruction from any worker have gone over.” The Roman Catholics are reported as active in Zafarwal, Pasrur, Sialkot, Gujranwala, Khangah Dogran, Sangla Hill, Lyallpur and Sargodha—in fact, wherever we have Christians in large numbers. The movement, however, seems to have spent its force. Dr. Martin reports that 450 mem­ bers have gone to the Roman Catholics in Lyallpur District, but that the best of those who have gone will come back as soon as they realize their mistake. Dr. Brown says of Sargodha: “ Many of those who went over to the Roman Catholics last year have come back to us and among those who still adhere to them there is very evident dissatisfaction.” The Rev. J. G. Campbell says: “At the beginning of the year all the elder and leading men of Pasrur District were called in for Presbytery and a conference on Roman Catholicism. The results were most gratifying and go to show that here as in all countries knowledge is the great essen­ tial in combating error.” From Sialkot District comes the following: “Some of our unlettered village men do not hesitate to talk with the priests and tell them they are leading the people astray by teaching them to walk contrary to the Gospel. When the priest came to one vil­ 186 India—Unorganised Christian Work, lage he inquired for one of the Christian men by name, and after a few remarks asked him for a drink of water. With oriental hospitality the man brought buttermilk. A few days later the priest came that way again, inquired for that same brother, and asked if he would kindly give him food, as he was hungry. The best the house afforded was set before the priest, and after he had eaten the brother respectfully addressed him, saying, ‘Padri Sahib Ji, come to our village as often as you w ill; you are wel­ come to eat and drink of whatsoever we have in the house, but the thing you desire can never be.3 When the priest found he could accomplish nothing by his attempts to ingratiate himself with these people, he ceased to call.” Dr. Martin remarks: “ In one way the testing has been of great profit to the people, for it has led to intellectual activity. They have been compelled to think and decide.” In spite of the difficulties—the lack of teachers ana the opposition of enemies—real progress has been marked. To be sure there are many instances of unfaithful teachers and unfaith­ ful learners, of old sins and idolatrous practices reverted to, of a stubborn continuance in and connivance at wrong. But on the other hand “ such striking instances of success keep appearing on every side that workers cannot be discouraged. There is abundant proof that from among this people God can build Him­ self a Church that will show forth the glory of His power.” Progress in knowledge is one of the encouraging features. Dr. Martin, of Lyallpur, says: “The scheme for regular progres­ sive Bible study has worked well and the results have been most encouraging. The pastors and teachers are improving in their ability to teach the people and the people are more and more learning to appreciate the lessons.” The Rev. J. G. Campbell says: “ The people of Pasrur show some progress this year under the new course of Bible stories which sets a definite aim before them. In one village visited, people who one year ago were heathen Chuhras could recite five stories and had some knowl­ edge of the things of the Kingdom. This, however, was the home village of the teacher.” A peculiar and difficult work is that reported by Mr. W. E. Nicoll as carried on among the Christians, not connected with the regular congregation, in Rawal Pindi. Faithful and success­ ful teaching has been done among the workmen in the brick­ kilns, a fluctuating community and difficult to reach. Also reg­ ular services with a gratifying increase in attendance were held in the Cantonments. Increased liberality is another mark of progress. In some quarters a falling off in contributions is noted, but is accounted for by recent failures of crops; whereas in other places a decrease is attributed to defections to the Roman Catholics. An encour­ aging report from Lyallpur says: “ The improvement of these unorganized circles in the matter of liberality is most marked, India—Unorganised Christian Work.

Last year the contributions were Rs. 418.; this year they are Rs. 475» an increase of 11 per cent,, and this in spite of a loss 0f 19 per cent, in membership.” Another mark of growing spiritual life is an increased ex­ perience of the value of prayer. The Rev. A. B. Caldwell writes concerning the Christians of Sangla Hill: “ Not a few have learned the efficacy of prayer and have spoken of how the Lord has heard them and delivered them from their trouble.” That these weak Christians are letting their, light shine is proved by the verbal testimony and the changed attitude of their non-Christian neighbors towards Christianity. This is realized on comparison with those districts where large Christian com­ munities are not found. In these, bigoted opposition is the rule; whereas of the districts that contain large numbers of Chris­ tians many report that the Hindus and Mohammedans are will­ ing, even anxious, to hear the truth. Verily Christ is in His Church and is powerful in its members. The presence of these Christian communities, however weak and imperfect they may be, is of itself a mighty evangelistic agency.

WORK AMONG VILLAGE WOMEN. Miss Buchanan, of Gujranwala, reports: “ Sometimes the bright and often the dark side of our work for women is brought to light in the close contact with the people during the camping season. There is an eagerness to learn, and a wonderful change of attitude toward the education of girls. Many of bur workers and village elders have been faithful in teaching, and it has been gratifying, on many occasions, to hear favorite Bible verses re­ cited by every woman present. In many cases the eagerness to learn depends very largely upon some enthusiastic woman who is a natural leader or has had some opportunity for education. Many Bible stories, too, become familiar when someone with a musical gift teaches the people to chant them.” Miss Corbett, of Gurdadpur, reports: “ Work among the Christian women of the district was carried on as usual, practi­ cally all the villages containing Christians being visited during the camping season. A few women learned well from the pas­ tors and teachers, but most of the teaching by these is erratic and poorly done. Much of the fault lies with the women them­ selves, but a goodly share of the blame must be placed at the door of the teacher. A few women completed the Cummings Cate­ chism and have a fairly good understanding of it. The message we bring concerning the risen glorified Christ coupled with the assurance that as He lives we shall live also, always arouses an interest. We are in danger of failing to give them this full Gospel and of dwelling too long on the rudiments. We need to have more faith in our poor women, more faith in our teachers, and immeasurably more faith in the cause, and in the Lord Whose the work is.” i88 India—Unorganized Christian Work.

Misses Martin and Cowden, of Khangah Do gran, report: “ One of the most heart-breaking things we must endure is the pleading of those who have no teacher. We try to explain to them that we must wait until God’s people give more money to the support of His work. But the poor ignorant people go away hurt or angry, and the ache in our hearts grows as we see them go back to a life surrounded by evil. Then the Roman Cath­ olics or some other sect go to them and say, ‘We will give you land if you come to us. You will not need to give any collection or t«ike the trouble to learn anything.’ As a result many turn to these husks.” Miss Beatty, of L,yall\pur, reports: “ There seems to be a great advance among the Christian women since last year. In one village the women had been so very indifferent that they would not attend the services, much less try to learn. This year sev­ eral of them came to meet us looking very happy. Some said they could tell three Bible stories, some four, and some six. That was why they were so happy. Heretofore it has been very hard to get girls to attend school, but the time has come when we must tell them that the schools are already full. A t the beginning of the year we tried hard to get six or eight girls from one village. We got only two of them. It was hard for the father as the other people accused him of lack of love for his daughters, and the grandfather also opposed their being sent away, but the father had learned a number of Bible stories, and this little taste of knowledge had given him a desire for the education of his girls. So he stood firm and the girls went to school.” Miss Elizabeth Lawrence, of Pasrur} reports: “We were in one village where no lady missionary had ever been before. We asked the women if they had given up their idols and old cus­ toms. They assured us that they had. Then we asked them, ‘Whom do you worship now?’ They said, ‘No one. We have had no one to teach us.’ The women of another village were so anxious to learn that they walked four miles to our camp to be taught. The Indian girls who help us in the work, taught the women for two or three hours. It is pitiable to have these peo­ ple baptized and then to leave them with no one to shepherd them. We are encouraged almost every day by some evidence of progress among the Christian women but we found one vil­ lage where the faith of the women made us rejoice especially. They were baptized during the Synod’s evangelistic campaign last winter. All of the Christian men of the village (thirteen) had been taken to Sialkot in chains on what we hope was a false charge of murder. We expected to find the women mourning and refraining from food and thought we might be able to com­ fort them somewhat. But we ourselves were comforted by find­ ing that the women were eating their bread and not weeping. Their faith was beautiful. They said, ‘Our men are in Gods hands. He will free them because they are not guilty.^ The way they prayed reminded us of the Sialkot Convention.” India,—Unorganized Christian Work. 189

Miss R. T. Wilson of Pathankot reports:—“In one village an old woman refused to have their idol, Bala Shah, torn down, and hence could not be baptized with the rest of the people. On our return this year we were very glad to find our prayers an­ swered, the idol gone and the old woman ready to receive bap­ tism. We were also pleased to find that the heathen mourning customs had been left off when friends were taken.” Misses Hill and Brotherston of Sangla Hill report:—“Four encouragements are prominent in our work among the Chris­ tian women: (1) Attendance in the village services is increasing. (2) A larger number are able to lead in voluntary prayer. (3) They are learning to give. (4) The mothers are more willing to send their girls to school. On the other hand we are not un­ mindful of the ignorance of even the simplest truths among our women. There are many careless ones, who are easily led astray by false teachers and who go back to their old habits of wearing charms and worshipping spirits. But in no part of our work is the power of the living Word of God to transform the lives of those who are taught it, more apparent than in our work among the village Christian women. They do indeed become new creatures. Their greatest need is for more teachers. We long for the time when our Punjabi pastors and teachers shall realize the great importance of teaching the women. We thank God for a deeper realization of this fact on the part of many, and take courage for another year/’ Misses Anderson and Cleland of Sargodha report:—“The work among the Christian women is very encouraging. We have been more surprised at the progress they have made con­ sidering all they had to contend with, than at their lack of prog­ ress. It is the old cry over so much of our district, ‘No worker, no teacher.’ Almost five months were spent in camp. Our record shows that we two have taught almost 3200 women and children, able to understand. This year for the first time we are endeav­ oring to hold a thankoffering service in every camping place, and the interest manifested by the women has been most encourag­ ing. When the women give their thankofferings we urge them to name something for which they are thankful, and the two things which are usually mentioned are ‘God the Father’ and ‘the Lord Jesus Christ.’ This service opens up a new avenue of thought to them and they are blessed in remembering and re­ counting their blessings. At one place where we had said noth­ ing about a thankoffering the women gave it to us of their own accord.” Miss Moore, of Sialkot, reports:—“ As in preceding years most of our time and strength ha« been devoted to the baptized people of our district, for the instruction of whom our force of workers is quite inadequate. There are many indications of awakened interest, and some women have discovered that they can learn and tell a Bible story as well as any one.” 190 India—Unorganized Christian Work.

“ Usually the larger girls learn well, but it is a special pleas­ ure, because rare, when a grandmother or great-grandmother leads off in reciting the lesson. We see much yet to be de­ sired, as we look on our people; we can realize the progress they have made only as we look into the dark depths whence they have come; then we praise God and take courage, being con­ fident that He which hath begun a good'work in them will per­ form it until the day of Jesus Christ.” Miss Hamilton, of Zafarwal, r e p o r t s “ In this work we find our greatest reward, our greatest happiness, and often our deep­ est disappointment. The ability to learn, and faithfulness in liv­ ing up to Christian standards varies as much in these low caste people as in a given number of people in America. Invariably those villages where teaching has been faithfully done give us the best welcome. At one village the people had not been noti­ fied of our coming, and the men were off in the fields at work. The women were picking cotton, and on hearing of our arrival, came in with bundles on their heads, singing a Psalm as they came. They said, T f we had known you were coming, we would not have gone to the fields today.’ We heard them recite, had worship and several baptisms, and came away leaving them quite happy.” CHRISTIAN MELAS. The part that the women have taken in the melas and the interest which they have shown is a marked feature of several of the reports this year. In non-Christian melas the women have a very minor part where they have any at all, but in Christian melas and gatherings they are given a place. In July the first conference for village elders was held in Gujranwala. Its purpose was to give these elders a realization of their responsibility in being chosen for the Lord’s service. Although special messages had been sent, only six elders’ wives were present; but these six became so enthusiastic that it is hoped that every elder will bring his wife next year. An effort was made to let the women feel that smce their husbands had been chosen by the people they, too, must help in teaching the women in their villages. Nearly three hundred attended the annual Christian mela at Gurdaspur. After some games and two addresses an oppor­ tunity was given for the representatives of various communities to bring in their collections from the preceding harvest. These amounted to nearly Rs. 200. In Lyallpur a women’s mela was held to which the women were asked to bring their thankofferings. Unfortunately on the day chosen there was a religious festival when the Mohammedans make a free distribution of food to the poor, so it required some sacrifice for the women to leave their villages and come to Lyallpur for the mela. No inducement was offered to them to India— Unorganized Christian Work. 191

coinè, but on the other hand they were asked to bring a thank- offering with them and furnish their own food as well. About 200 women came. The program consisted of two short addresses by Indian sisters and one by Miss Hill and the thankoffering ser­ vice. The offering amounted to about R s. 30. Some of the women returned to their villages that evening, while others slept on the verandas or on the ground. Several said, “ Why should we care for the food the Mohammedans give us today? This is our feast.” Their songs of praise that night proved that their offerings were from happy, thankful hearts. In Samgla Hill the time was changed from March to July. Because of a number of weddings occurring at the same time the attendance was not so good. However, 400 men and 90 women were present. Three addresses were given on “ God with us,” “Walking with God,” and “ Results of Walking with God.” Spe­ cial stress was laid on the necessity of a religious life in the home. The appreciation of the addresses shown by the people was augmented by the fact that the missionary who delivered them had at one time worked in this district. Quite a number of young men received prizes for being able to recite from 10 to 20 portions of the Psalms ; and some, who a year or two ago were unable to read even a single letter, obtained rewards for ability to read the Holy Scriptures. The women not only at­ tended the general meetings, but had special meetings of their own. M'iss McConnell, of Lyallpur, helped in these meetings. The women took a great interest, responding readily when an opportunity was given to lead in prayer. They were deeply touched by the recital of one of the women of the trials and ef­ forts of Chandra Lela as she sought salvation at the many shrines and holy places of India, and at last found Christ. One woman was much impressed by an address in the meeting on the duties of parents to their children, especially in giving them to God’s service. Afterward holding her baby girl in her arms she said, “When my girl grows up she is to choose for herself. I am going to educate my children for God’s service.” Two Christian melas were held in Zafarwal. One was held in that part of the district where the evangelists work and the other for the three congregations. Both were well attended and fairly successful. In the first the villages were well represented and the day of fellowship was enjoyed by all. Men came, bring­ ing their offerings, and one thing was noticeable, viz. : the offer­ ings were all in money. The largest amount given by one man was Rs. 5. Singing was the main feature, and bands of men from each village, or two or three villages, vied with each other as to who could sing the best. In Zafarwal, where the three con­ gregations met, the Rev. W. T. Anderson gave an address, and the day was profitably spent. The Christian melas are held with the purpose of developing a larger spirit of unity among the Christians, and are growing in popularity year by year. 192 India—Unorganized Christian Work.

BIBLE SCHOOLS.

All year the missionary looks forward to the Bible school and prepares for it. He values it because he then comes into closer touch with his workers than at any other time. It is perhaps of even more value to the lady missonary for it is seldom that she meets with the workers’ wives except in the Bible school. The workers and their wives, too, enjoy the Bible school, and are re­ markably patient with the usually very inadequate and sometimes uncomfortable quarters. One speaks of this in connection with his Bible school and thinks that since the Bible school is a per­ manent institution, more suitable quarters will have to be pro­ vided. The Bible school in Gujranwala was well attended and the interest was good. Many received spiritual blessing, which has been manifest in their work during the year. The school was not all pleasure, for almost all of the families were accommodated in small tents, and the April sun was trying, indeed. But a spirit of happiness and patience pervaded the camp despite the trials. Misses Cowden and Jane Martin helped in the teaching of the women’s classes. The study of First Corinthians was most profitable. With Miss Cowden’s assistance the women learned several new Psalms. Miss Buchanan writes, “ Months after our Bible school in visiting in one circle of villages, our hearts were made glad to find that the wife of the faithful old worker had been helping to teach the women in many of the villages. The women said, ‘She never came before but now she comes often and she walks, too.’ When we told her how glad we were that she had been interested, she said with joy written all over her face, ‘O h! it’s just since pur last Bible school I decided that I, too, wanted to do something for Christ.’ ” In Gurdaspur not only the workers, but also the elders and deacons were invited to the Bible school. A good spirit prevailed throughout. The Revs. W. T. Williams and W. T. Anderson of Rawal Pindi assisted. One feature was a contest in teaching lessons from the village course. Ten lessons were to be taught by each one of the pastors to a man of his own field. The man taught, afterwards recited what he had learned. To the surprise of all, the first places were taken by old men. The study in the Lyallpur Bible school was the regular course of lessons for the villages. The Rev. J. W. Ballantyne gave a series of lectures. All went away from the school hungry for another one, but unless the estimate asked for is granted, it will not be possible to hold one the coming summer. Year by year the expenses of such things increase and the appropriation remains the same. The Bible school in Pasrur was held in April. The literate women studied the books of Ezra and Nehemiah and the illiter­ ate women learned Bible stories. They all promised to teach the India— Unorganized Christian Work. 193

stories in their villages, and the fruits of these promises are being seen this winter. Miss McCahon gave great help in teach­ ing the women. About twenty-five persons in all, school teachers, catechists, and some of their wives were in attendance at Sangla Hill. The prophesies concerning Jesus Christ, His birth and life to the end of the first year’s ministry, were the subjects for instruction. The lessons aroused interest in the workers for they furnished infor­ mation which would enable them to explain the Christian religion to converts and inquirers. In Sargodha the Bible school was a source of great blessing both to missionaries and workers. The book studied was I John. Miss McConnell helped the ladies in teaching the women, and the men’s class was taken by the Rev. J. A. McConnelee and Dr. Brown, dividing the time and the subjects between them. The first evening service was conducted by Mr. McConnelee and was a good preparation for the days following. Mr. W. E. Nicoll in his excellent talks on the Atonement gave many a new under­ standing of this great subject. The Rev. R. McC. Patterson of Guj rat also rendered valuable help. It is known that several of the workers dedicated themselves more definitely to the Lord’s service. The Spirit’s presence was plainly manifest. During the Sialkot school some troubles arose which threat­ ened disaster, but they had the effect of bringing to light dis­ orders which were dealt with and brought the missionaries and their workers into closer sympathy with each other. The Rev. J. A. McConnelee and Fazl Din rendered valuable assistance to the school. The most of the workers’ wives were present and studied the life of Christ, learning to tell the Bible stories that are to be taught in the villages. Not the least interesting feature of the Bible school was the children’s class, where each day a Bible story was learned with the help of the large picture roll. The Bible school in Zafarwal was held for two weeks in July and it was a time of spiritual refreshing to missionaries and workers. All the evangelists and school teachers, with their wives and children were gathered together and classes were held for all. The study of the book of Genesis was taken up in story form and proved very helpful'. Miss Anna Hamilton helped with the women’s classes and all were glad to have her among them again. Mr. Nicoll gave his addresses on the Atonement, and the Rev. Barkat Masih of Gujranwala gave a study from the book of Galatians. The help of both was appreciated. The school closed with the observance of the Lord’s Supper. 194 India—Sialkot Convention. THE SIALKOT CONVENTION.

BY THE REV. HARRIS J. STEWART,

This “ Convention for the deepening of the spiritual life” is held annually in Sialkot at the “ north compound” of our Mission and is very largely attended by our missionaries, workers, and Christian people. It has been greatly used of God for strength­ ening the spiritual life of our Church in the Punjab, and in many ways has exerted a great influence on the work of our Mission. Out of deference to United Presbyterian principles, the Psalms have always been used in its meetings and have become very popular. For these and other reasons, a report of the Sialkot Mission would seem to be incomplete without some reference to this important and influential religious gathering. In the Sialkot Convention we find an illustration of the principle that a prepossessing exterior does not necessarily ac­ company qualities of the most precious and lasting value. The costly treasure may be borne in earthen vessels. The pomp and show and glamor of life find little place at Sialkot. Even the comforts of life are hardly to be found. But the exceeding riches of grace in Christ Jesus are abundantly poured forth, which though hidden from those that perish, yet are manifested to those who are being saved. A stranger, who had never visited Sialkot before, would be struck with the transitoriness of the arrangements which meet his sight on arrival at the Convention grounds. A dusty lane conducts him into a small encampment, consisting of tents of various sizes, set up among the trees or in the more open ground of the Mission compound. An inscription in cloth, red and white, informs him that one small tent is the “ Enquiry Office ” Another marks the office of the “ Convention Secretary,” another of the “ Treasurer” and another the “ Bank;” while still another marked “ Ticket Office” designates the place where he may buy the tickets that pass as currency in the Convention Restaurant. This small tent, the “ Ticket Office,” is fronted with a rough lat­ tice work of bamboo, having a small cash-window in the center. Books also may be purchased here,—Bibles and Bible ^ portions in various languages, Psalters, and other religious literature. Other tents, large and small, for living quarters, are set up in dif­ ferent parts of the compound. The missionary’s bungalow in the center, and the building of the Christian Training Institute, are used for the accommodation of the women. A plain building, some distance away on the Scotch Mission compound, contains beds for about a dozen, and the Hunter Memorial Chapel, also belonging to our Scotch neighbors, is used as a prayer room. Two large circular tents are very noticeable and characteris­ tic features of the Convention. One stands near the entrance to the camp, in the region of the ticket and inquiry offices and is used for the restaurant. Here both Indian and European food is India—Sialkot Convention. 195 served at cost price. The other large tent is situated in another corner of the compound, and is used as the “ Meeting Tent,” or auditorium, where all the general gatherings of the Convention are held. A few benches on either side of the platform accom­ modate those who cannot sit comfortably on the floor, but the mass of the audience sit cross-legged in oriental fashion on the cheap matting with which the ground beneath the broad canopy is carpeted. With such temporary provision as has been described,—and let it be remembered that canvas is but scant protection against the powerful sun of the Punjab,—the Sialkot Convention lives and thrives, and does its influential work. The tents are soon struck and folded away, and the compound dismantled of its convention furniture. The crowds of workers, villagers, and missionaries, depart and the regular routine of life is taken up. The material evidences of the Convention disappear; but in many a heart the Christ of the Convention, “ Who is powerful in” His people, is found working more mightily than ever before, filling the life with new joy and glory, with greater zeal and more ef­ fectiveness in service. The Convention goes, but “ He remain- eth.” The methods used in 1912 were much the same as in former years. At eight o’clock in the morning all met in the auditorium tent for the Bible study hour. The subjects were “ Christ for U s” and “Christ in Us,” and the twofold theme of the work of re­ demption as completed by Christ on Calvary, and as applied by the Spirit in the heart of the believer, was clearly and powerfully presented. In the afternoon were sectional meetings for young men, for Christian workers, for women, etc. Following the sec­ tional gatherings was an English meeting addressed by different missionaries. In the evening again all met in the large tent for a platform meeting, which this year partook largely of the char­ acter of an evangelistic service. We have heard of peculiar and unusual phenomena in con­ nection with former meetings of the Sialkot Convention. These were largely absent in 19 12 ; yet there was abundant evidence that the Word of God was spoken in demonstration of the Spirit and of power. The Convention bespeaks your prayers for the mighty work­ ing of Christ’s Spirit in and through it. 196 India—Evangelistic Work.

EVANGELISTIC WORK.

WORK AMONG NON-CHRISTIAN MEN IN VILLAGES. The lack of both foreign and native workers prevents our giving to the work among non-Christians the time and attention it deserves. The constantly growing Christian community yet demands much help and teaching. Until these are more able to help and care for themselves the missionary’s time for non-Chris­ tian work must necessarily be very limited. The growing inter­ est among non-Christians causes this lack of workers to be felt all the more keenly. From nearly every district the report comes that practically the only teaching that could be given to non- Christians during the year was indirect teaching, that is, what they heard in meetings for Christians. The Rev. W. B. Anderson of Gujranwala reports: “The temptation to leave the Christian community, and go to the non- Christian is often very strong. Neither Hindus nor Mohamme­ dans have ever before seemed so ready to listen to the message in a really earnest mood. Of course this does not mean that op­ position has died out, but it means that Christianity has so far proved itself in the places where it is established even among the lower classes, that its right to be heard must be recognized. No very large numbers have been baptized this year. This is not be­ cause many are not asking for baptism, but it is because the force of workers has deliberately given itself up to the teaching and training of those already in the Church. If teachers were avail­ able, literally thousands could be baptized in this district within the next year. The time has come when the present force must choose between teaching those already baptized, and taking in larger numbers to remain untaught within the Church. The very work of teaching the present members of the Church, however, is resulting in the preaching of the Gospel to the non-Christians. Many of them are watching with interest the effect of the Gospel upon the despised low castes. The logical result of this watch­ ing must be assent to the truth of the Gospel.” The Rev. A. M. Laing of Gurdaspur reports: “The baby or­ gan never fails to attract large numbers of non-Christians. The farmers seldom hear musical instruments, and think it a treat to hear Indian tunes played on the organ. At one village the better class of non-Christians gathered around, waited patiently till the Indian-Evangelistic Work. 19 7 service was over and the teachings of the Christian religion ex­ plained and then asked for more music. In conversation with them they showed some interest in what had been said, and earn­ estly applied for a mission school to be started in their village. We have had ten such applications from non-Christians for mis­ sion schools.” The Rev. H. J. Stewart writes: “ The report of evangelistic work in Jhelum District for 1912 is largely a report of work not done—a work of omission. The district was without a resident male missionary from November, 19 11, until November, 1912. During this time the superintendency of the district was in the hands of Mr. W. E. Nicoll, who already had his full share of work in Rawal Pindi City seventy miles away, and hence could pay but an occasional visit to the work in Jhelum. Apart from the work connected with the hospital and schools and the organized work of the church in Jhelum City, two workers of inferior grade, as regards education and sufficient training, were all that were left to carry on the work of preaching in the district. Hence the large field of this predominantly Mohamme­ dan district lay fallow for a year. At the Annual Meeting of the Mission in October, 1912, the Rev. H. J. Stewart was appointed to district work in Jhelum. Since his arrival the usual itinerating work has been carried on with the help of four native evangelists. In November and December the missionaries itinerated in a little comer of the district north of Jhelum City. Opposition and ar­ gument are usually met with, though in most places the cour­ tesies have not been denied. The attitude in general is said to be more favorable than that of former years. But ridicule and contempt, contradiction and abusive language, may be expected everywhere. On the whole the message and the messenger are not wanted. The work is a work of faith. From the human standpoint it looks like the height of folly to carry it on. After listening to a lengthy discussion with a company of Mohamme­ dans among whom he sat the only one of his religion present, an elderly Hindu, of more than average intelligence said to the young missionary, ‘Do not put so much energy into it. You are only pouring water into the sand of a desert.’ If the water were of this world only we might well heed the advice, but we have the assurance that ‘the river of God is full of water/ and our confidence is in that supply. The great need oi Jhelum at present is that of laborers. If there be no channels for the flow of the water of life, how can we expect it to reach the thirsty desert? The present force of missionaries and workers can hope to touch but a very small portion of this !arge district. T ray ye, there­ fore, the Lord of the harvest that He send forth laborers into His harvest/ ” On his return from furlough in October, the Rev. H. C. Chambers was again located in Khangah Do gran, in charge of the same work which he had had before going home, and the Rev. 198 Indiar—Evangelistic Work.

W. M. McKelvey, who had been in charge for a year was trans­ ferred to Sialkot District. These men both report of the work in this place: “ The greatest thing about this work in Khangah Dog- ran is the part which is yet to be done. Tens of thousands of all classes, especially Mohammedans, have never heard the Gospel message. In one village where our camp had been pitched twice in eight years, an old man was asked why his people remained out- castes. His reply was characteristic, ‘We have not had anyone to tell us any other way.’ There are some twenty families of his class in that village who would probably become Christians if they had a teacher. Two weeks were spent at fairs, preaching to large crowds and many tracts were given away and Gospel portions sold. At one of these fairs many Junglies, the original inhabitants of these districts listened peaceably and intelligently. It seemed hardly credible that about ten years ago -these same wild tribes had tried to kill a preaching party of missionaries by rid­ ing them down with their camels. The leading maulvi of that place gave great promise of becoming an earnest inquirer, but we have not seen him since. Our lack of time to follow up the seed soon gives Satan a chance to snatch it away. One result of the work at this same place was the offer of land and a house for a worker and a rest room for missionaries. They also requested us to open a middle school for boys, in which we might teach the Bible with practically no opposition.” Of the work in Lyallpur, the Rev. J. H. Martin, D.D., re­ ports:—“ The attitude of non-Christians is largely that of indif­ ference. However, among educated young men there is a real spirit of inquiry and many come to our residence to converse on religious matters. During this camping season I have been re­ turning to the City every Sabbath to hold a service in English, and almost no Sabbath has gone by without some inquirers and often there were several. This spirit of inquiry is much more manifest than it was last year. A prominent Hindu remarked the other day that India is sure to become Christian, and he seemed to rejoice in the thought. He said that when India does become Christian it will be in a day that some leader will step out and people will follow him. When asked why he did not take the lead he said he had been urged to do so by some of his friends but did not yet feel ready to take the step. Large numbers of Chuhras from Amritsar District, who had been untouched by the Gospel, have come to Lyallpur and offer a promising field. Work has been begun among this people and our great need is for workers to evangelize them/* The Rev. J. G. Campbell reports from Pasrur: —“The only way in which the missionaries of Pasrur District have been able to work among non-Christians has been by preaching to and in­ structing the Christians within the hearing of the non-Christians. The great advantage of this is the ability to present the Gospel without interruption. We are beginning to hear many com­ India—Evangelistic Work. 199

plaints from Mohammedans that we spend much time on the Christians and little on them. We have found the people recep­ tive in all villages except one. The Arya Samaj has been at work in this village, and as a result my reception in the bazaar approxi­ mated a riot. The people could only ridicule and deride, they could not give an adequate answer to the Gospel message. A Sikh boy, 15 years old, has come to us. He insisted on having his hair cut, which is a violation of the Sikh religion, and he lives and eats with the Christian boys on our compound. The present force of both foreign and Indian workers is painfully inadequate. One evening a large delegation of men came to the tent after dark. They were representatives of one hundred outcaste peo­ ple of the neighboring village, and said they had come to get re­ ligion. By putting them in the care of an already over-burdened teacher we were able to arrange for their instruction, but we can­ not do this for all the people. In one part of the district thou­ sands would become Christians if any one could be sent to teach them. They are ready to leave their old faith and so are in dan­ ger of being led away by any false teacher who comes to them. All this is in the region included in the new district which has been so long promised but never realized. The harvest is great and the fields ready for the sickle in that great district. Here is a golden opportunity for some individual or for some church to take up a special work in financing this new station and district. For perhaps no place in the world would greater and more speedy returns be realized on money invested.” The Rev. J. H. Stewart reports from Pathankot:—“The past year has been one of apparent defeat rather than of victory. The Arya Samaj has entered our district and taken over a large num­ ber of the Doms whom we had hoped to see converted to Chris­ tianity. They called in an influential man from Lahore and went through a ceremony of cleansing these low-caste people and of introducing them into Hindu society. They use worldly induce­ ments and made many false promises. Some of our workers are encouraged by this movement rather than discouraged, inasmuch as they consider it to be a step towards Christianity. Had the district been effectually manned with efficient workers we might possibly have been able to report an ingathering of hundreds. The Arya Samaj has opened schools in some places. ‘“The Maharajah of Jummu State some years ago dismissed all members of the Arya Samaj from Government service and prohibited the teaching of their doctrine. So when the news came that the Doms in that part of our district which lies in Jummu State were about to become Aryas, they were threatened with deportation and various other punishments if they persisted in this intention. They were glad to give up their purpose, and we are hoping many of them will soon decide for Christ.” The men’s Bible class for non-Christians in Pathankot, which is conducted by Miss M. J. Campbell, has met at noon every Sab­ 200 India—Evangelistic Work.

bath during the year excepting in August and September. The attendance is seldom under 40, and one day 58 were present. At least 200 different men have had the Gospel message given to them in this class. Sikhs, Hindus, Mohammedans and Chuhras attend and give the most earnest attention to the Bible lesson. The men themselves work up the membership. They have their own secretary and treasurer. Rs. 15 were collected by them dur­ ing the year. One branch of this class is , a flourishing night school for working men and boys. Twenty pupils are in nightly attendance, learning to read Urdu and Gurmukhi. People come long distances to hear the men sing the Songs of Zion. The Rev. W- T. Anderson of Rawed Pindi reports:—“In any place where people can be reached, in the public square, in a private yard, on the corner of the street, anywhere, sitting, stand­ ing and even walking to and from the villages, the message has been given and the witness has been borne to the love of God which is in Christ Jesus our Lord. There are more than 1700 villages, towns and cities to evangelize, and only one group of itinerating missionaries and evangelists, two resident workers in two different places, and one school teacher to bring the living water to all this wide and thirsty field. “ More time than usual has been spent in itinerating. Besides the winter tour we were able to make a journey among the foot­ hills and up into the mountains in April and .May. Still we reached less than one fifth of our field. No preacher in our home churches gets, more encouragement than do we from the in­ terest with which people listen. One banker came like Nico- demus late at night and secretly. After preaching in the village bazaar we have often been followed to the tents by the people who wished to hear more. “Two years ago on the occasion of our first visit to Hazro, one of the large cities, we were cloded and stoned. Last year, though no stones were thrown, the opposition was still very strong. But this year a banker wrote me about opening a high school there, so I went to look over the field. We preached in two banks the first day, the police station and the home of the honorary magistrate on the second day, and the third day we went into the open bazaar preaching and selling books at will. We had a most delightful time though the majority of the people are not desirous of haying a mission school.” The Rev. A. B. Caldwell reports from Sangla Hill:—“The attitude of non-Christians seems to have changed for the better. We do not meet with the same degree of scorn as we did years ago, and there is a willingness to discuss the Christian religion in a spirit of toleration, and to take a reasonable view of its teach­ ings. The question these days does not seem to be so much ‘What efforts should we make to destroy the Christian religion?’ as ‘What shall we do to strengthen our own religion?’ and with it ‘Why should we prove ourselves faithless by leaving our own re- THE VILLAGE EVANGELIST. HOI.Y PI.ACE AND HOLV MEN. 77/it man i.\ t h e i ■ li.i-ioits leat her o f a b o u t ¡2 villages. Men so holy that they never bathe and -wear seat rely /fix saiai >.y 1 s i? Per month. He has two boys in the any clothes. Within the doot ,u e the gods whom M i 'sst.,11 ffijgh Silt.i,,l ft,in;,i ¡‘¡ndi. t h e \ .sn-. e . India—Evangelistic Work. 201 ligion and becoming Christians ?’ There is a marked inclination among the educated to read the Bible and books on our religion.” When the Rev. J. A. McConnelee went on furlough in the summer Dr. M. M. Brown was put in charge of Sargodha Dis­ trict. He reports:—“ We have the magic lantern with us in our touring, and at almost every camp we show pictures of the life of Christ, which large numbers of Hindus and Mohammedans, as well as Christians, gather to see. The medical work draws many who would otherwise not hear the message. Some of the people are seemingly hungry for the truth and others are very bigoted. We find that outward opposition and objection are often but a mask to hide the conviction of the heart.” Of the work in Sialkot District, the Rev. J. W. Ballantyne reports:—“The movement of the Megs towards the Arya Samaj has been disappointing to them, as many of the benefits held out have not been realized, but the movement has not been arrested. These people are not yet ready to throw in their lot with Christ’s people. Their leaders admit that this is the way of real blessing, but at present they seek other benefits than Christ in His Word promises.” The Rev. S. C. Picken reports from Zafarw al:— ‘The one thing that has marked the non-Christian work of this year has been the eagerness with which men have listened to the Gospel story. In many cases, they begged to know about the Gospel and many portions of Scripture were sold and many tracts were dis­ tributed. Several times we were asked by the headman of the village why we did not come oftener. One said, ‘We want to know about Jesus Christ, and yet you come only once a year.’ After buying a Gospel another headman said, ‘We want you to come and tell us about Jesus Christ and your religion/ Every­ where we have been, the field is ripe, ready to harvest while the workers for this great work are very few.”

OTHER EVANGELISTIC AGENCIES.

The most important of evangelistic agencies is the Word, the printed Word as it is placed in the hands of those who can read. There is more or less, sale of Scripture portions and dis­ tribution of Christian literature in all our districts but only a few of them have men especially set apart for this work. It is encouraging to note that the Gurdaspur reading-room, with its Christian literature, is stall much patronized, though a public library has been opened. There is little distribution of literature in the villages in comparison with what might be done. The pastors and other workers have not realized their opportuni­ ties along this line. By means of an arrangement with the British and Foreign Bible Society, a special work in colportage has been started in Poisrur. This is carried on by all the evangelists, and the sale of 202 India—Evangelistic Work.

Bible portions is remarkable, as there has usually been compara­ tively little demand for reading matter in this district. The in­ crease in the number of schools and of people learning to read creates a greater demand for literature. The effect of the reading of the Word is evident from an in­ cident reported from Pathankot. A man who purchased a New Testament less than two years ago no longer gets angry and swears as he once did. One day a friend, who became angry with him, could not provoke him to wrath so inquired the reason and .was told that it was because of a book he had been reading. This friend wished to read the book, so now the two read together. A young man was very indignant with his friend for having bought a Gospel and said, “ You will be getting baptized next.” Mr. W. E. Nicoll reports the work in Rawal Pindi as fol­ lows:—“Bazaar preaching has been carried on. The attendance averages from one to two hundred and usually the people are ready listeners. A t one of the iast services a young Moham­ medan, who said it was the first time he had ever heard, came to us after the service and desired to have arrangements made for his further instruction. On Christmas morning, a movement instituted by a number of the Indian Christian young men re­ sulted in the distribution from house to house in all parts of the Uity and Cantonments of about 10,000 hand bills, setting forth the true meaning of the day and what Christ really came into the world to do. That afternoon and for a w;eek following, preach­ ing bands went out all over the City and a service was held in practically every section. The congregation is ready to take a more active part in this work than it has formerly done. We at­ tended the annual fair in the City and found opportunity to give tne Gospel to large crowds of people. In the early part of the day we went all about the grounds preaching and selling books and in the late afternoon held services in our tent. “ In Rawal Pindi district about the only opposition apparent is in connection with the book work. In places it is evident that the people have been warned not to buy our books. Yet this has had but little effect as, outside of Rawal Pindi City, we have sold ..xore books this year than last. A t one village I was handing out books from the buggy as fast as I could make the change, ih e Evangelist who was in the midst of the crowd overheard one of their leaders say, “What fools! A few years ago these Christians could not give their books away, now; they will not give them, demand pay for them, and these people, fools that they are, will pay for them.” We sold 300 portions there in four days! During the year my helpers and I have sold 3722 Testa­ ments of which four were full Bibles, 18 whole New Testaments and the rest Gospels, portions of Scripture and controversial books. India—Evangelistic Work. 203 “In a village near Hazro we found a man who seemed to be almost a Christian. After the riot of 1907 he had picked up a partly burned copy of the Bible in the Rawal Pindi bazaar. He held the Mohammedan belief that the Bible as it now exists is not worthy of acceptance as it has been altered by the Christians. Curiosity prompted him to take this copy, and he became so in­ terested that he bought a whole Bible. He has sold seven Bibles among his own people. There seems little now, except his old associations, to keep him from confessing Christ.” Many opportunities are offered for personal talks with those who come to the reading-room in Sargodha and many hungry souls are found. The man who is in charge of the reading-room in Bhera is a former maulvi. He was severely beaten not long since by some Mohammedans who were angry with him for hav­ ing become a Christian. This treatment has made him very bold.

WORK AMONG NON-CHRISTIAN WOMEN IN ZENANAS. Zenana Work is very hard to report in any adequate way. One has written, “How unsatisfactory at best a missionary’s re­ port is! There are prayers and tears, and travail of soul that one certainly would not want recorded, but they are a part of every true missionary’s experience. Then there is the exceed­ ing j°y-” Many are the heart aches connected with this work. Many are the wrongs in the homes visited. There is year after year of patient, loving teaching, with very little result as far as one can see. Many of those who come to a saving knowledge of Jesus Christ are frightened, and dare not take the necessary step, and some of the braver ones who do step forth are terri­ bly misused and some are made away with. May we not all pray more fervently for a new era in the very homes of India, a time when her women may know Him Who gave His life for their redemption! Then, and not till then, may we hope to see India redeemed. Miss McCullough, of Gujranwala, writes:—“As I have had charge such a short time, I will give the report of the year’s work as given to me by Mrs. Murray. During the year she made 128 visits in the homes of the City. Mostly to Hindu and Mo­ hammedan houses. Thirty-five women and six girls received regular lessons with Bible instruction.” Mrs. Murray says: “A former pupil who died last July was well acquainted with the Gospels, and was like a Christian m her ways. Whenever I met her she would speak with tears in her eyes of the religious teaching and prayers she had enjoyed with her teacher, Mrs. Solomon. On the whole the zenana work has been pleasant and encourag­ ing. There was no opposition to the Gospel, and I had no diffi­ culty in gaining access to new houses.” An advanced pupil ex­ pressed a desire for baptism, but was prevented by her husband. 204 India—Evangelistic Work.

Miss Dickson reports:—“ The zenana work in Gurdaspw City is carried on almost entirely by one elderly Bible woman. She was very ill for two months during the hot season, and on this account one of the Mission ladies made a special effort to give more time than usual to the work in the City. There are a number of women and girls who are quite eager to take reading lessons and are also willing to accept regular Bible teaching. Others want the reading lessons without the Bible, while still others enjoy the visit of the missionary, but only wish to learn crocheting and knitting. Some men have shown a decided will­ ingness to let the Gospel be taught in their homes, and seldom do we meet with any real opposition from that source. What we have to overcome more often is decided indifference on the part of the women. We have had no houses actually closed to us, but have ceased visiting some because the women showed us so plain­ ly, by their indifference to the subject, that they did not want our message. A number of Gospel portions have been sold.” Miss Logan writes:—“ The zenana work in Jhelum City was in Miss Morrison’s charge until she went on furlough in October. For a time there was no Bible woman, but during the greater part of the year regular Bible teaching was given in thirty homes. In most of these homes a real spirit of interest has been mani­ fested. Some women have been reading the Bible, others have committed verses or the Ten Commandments, and all have seem­ ed to delight in the Psalms. A few Hindu homes have been vis­ ited, but most of our work has been among Mohammedans.” Misses Cowden and J. E. Martin tell, as follows, of the work at Khangah Dogran:—“ We have secured a Bible woman in Khangah Dogran. In the summer months we made a canvass of the city with her, making friendly visits here and there to open the way for regular instruction in the homes of the school girls. Now there are more houses open than the Bible woman can en­ ter. On all hands they are saying, ‘Come to our house today.’ We have told them plainly what our message is and how we are constrained by the love of God to come to them, and it is not without its effect. Although the work is new there are many people convinced of the truth as it is in Jesus. They say, ‘Well, really, your way is right.’ We want them to go a step farther and follow it, making it their own. A woman in the newer part of the City calls us her sisters, and her house ours. She, too, says our way is the right way.” Miss McConnell writes:—“ There were many sad hearts among the Mohammedan women in L y allpur last March when our earnest, consecrated Bible woman, Bibi Nur-ul-Nissa, retired from service. Partial blindness and failing health necessitated her discontinuing the work which she had done in prayer, and faith, and joy. When her Mohammedan friends learned of her inten­ tion to leave Lyallpur, several of them offered her a home. Dur­ ing the nine years of her faithful witnessing for Christ in Lyall- India—Evangelistic Work. 205 pur City she has not had the joy of seeing one of her pupils bap­ tized, but the assurance that some were giving Christ a secret love has been her encouragement. Husbands, perceiving that their wives were learning to believe in Christ, have closed their doors to her. More than one woman has been sent away to be no longer under the influence of Christian teaching. Only the life beyond can reveal how many have been brought into the Kingdom through the'earnest words and prayers of this servant of God. The Bible woman who succeeded Bibi Nur-ul-Nissa has visited about 38 Mohammedan and 4 Hindu houses, more or less, regularly. The Bible has been taught in all. Unknown to his par­ ents a Mohammedan High School boy has been attending our Sabbath-school and church services for some months. He has signified his desire to be baptized, but fears his father’s opposition. His first knowledge of the Gospel was received as he listened to the Bible sermon with his mother in the home. O f the mother the Bible woman once said, ‘If she becomes a Christian she will be a devoted follower of Christ because she is such a good Mo­ hammedan.’ Sometimes she has seemed very near the Kingdom, then has hardened her heart at thought of the cost of confessing Christ. Many times her arguments have been silenced by God’s Word. During my first visit to her she said, ‘You Christians are in error in believing that Jesus really died and rose from the dead,’ but she listened thoughtfully to the record of His death and resurrection. Not long ago she quoted Christ’s promise to send the Comforter as a prophecy of the coming of Mohammed, but had nothing to say to the evidences that these words could refer only to the Holy Spirit. Recently she said to me, ‘You claim that Jesus Christ was God. He never made such a claim.’ She listened without comment to His own declaration in John ro: 30-39. One woman who listens gladly, says, ‘My sister ruin­ ed my life. When I was a young girl a Bible woman taught me to read, and I wanted to be a Christian. My sister learned of my desire and she and my father hastily planned my marriage. I knew nothing of it until I was told to put on my wedding clothes. Now how can I leave my three children to become a Christian.’ She is urged to trust and serve Christ in her home, and to pray to Him to open the way for her to identify herself with his peo­ ple. A brother has forbidden her to receive us, but as her hus­ band has not closed the door, we visit her at an hour when the brother is always absent. The wife of a professor in the Govern­ ment school always seems to receive the Gospel message as God’s words for her own soul. Bibi Nur-ul-Nissa returned to Lyallpur in the summer to spend two months visiting the zenanas. One Mohammedan woman said to her, ‘Bibi Ji, you have come in an­ swer to my prayers. I have been asking Christ to send you back to teach me/ ” Mrs. Jones, of Pasrur, writes that no one has been bap- tized, but there is an increased interest, and a change in some 206 India—Evangelistic Work.

lives. She says, “ The other day I met a Mohammedan woman an old listener, whose face brightened as soon as she saw me When she asked me to read something I inquired how long she would merely listen. I told her she must believe and confess. She breathed a sigh and said, £Yes, I have listened a long time; I do believe the Word of God.’ She does not know why she has not confessed. She and many others like her need the touch of the Holy Spirit. Pray for these poor souls and for me that I may be used through Him to win them to the Master whose ser­ vant I am.” The Misses Wilson write:—“Aiuch to our regret the Bible woman in Pathankot City had to be dismissed, and no one suit­ able has been found to take her place. We are often called to new places and are seldom refused a hearing; very few, however, are ready to give up their old faith and accept Jesus Christ as the only way of salvation. This year we sold a number of Gos­ pels and other books, and distributed many tracts and pictures. The children are especially pleased with the illustrated Loving Message paper and the bright Sabbath-school cards from home. By these means we get many opportunities to teach the children who usually flock to us while we are teaching the women.” There are three Bible women in Rawai Pindi city. The number of houses on the regular visiting list is 78. Miss White writes:—“ Zenana work is not such as would appeal to persons seeking for results which can be shown to the world. These can­ not be tabulated. Sometimes a visitor wishes to see an Indian home, and I take her with me to some of the houses. The pu­ pils usually do just the opposite of appearing the bright little women many of them really are. Zenana work is done among all classes of people living in the City. Men are becoming con­ vinced of the need of education for women. They know that a mission teacher will teach the Bible, but in spite of this two lead­ ing Hindu men have asked for Christian teachers for their chil­ dren, and one of them was willing to pay Rs. 40 per month for such a teacher. Many women are very anxious to learn English, and we teach what we like as long as we teach in this language.” Misses Hill and Brotherston report from Sangla H i l l ‘Dur­ ing the summer months we spent one day each week with the Hindu and Mohammedan women. We found more that were willing to take regular lessons in reading than in former years. One pupil who had lost all interest began her reading lessons again. She is a Hindu and takes much interest in the Gospel. Another woman has begun to read. Her husband was very much interested and if our visits were long delayed he often ex­ pressed concern for his wife’s progress. A Mohammedan woman who can now read the Gospel of Luke, took'her books with her when she went away on a visit in order that she might keep up her lessons. She is very fond of the Psalms, her favorite be­ ing the 51st. She always sings with us. We have found all classes of women most friendly and willing to be visited.” India—Evangelistic Work. 207

The work in Sargodha City is still being carried on by the Eng­ lish assistant, Miss Stowell, and an Indian Bible woman. They haVe had 24 regular pupils reading. Miss Stowell tells of houses having been closed as soon as pupils showed any alarming interest in the Gospel. Several of the pupils were glad to finish the read­ ing lesson that they might bear something from the Bible. More than one, when asked, “ What would you like to hear?” has re­ plied, “Tell me of Jesus Christ.” A young Hindu woman, who was forced to discontinue her lessons, said one day, “ My heart goes out to what I hear from you.” Her face would often light up as she listened to the Word. At the end of the year only five remained who were learning to read. In eight Mohammedan and four Hindu houses the message is given regularly. Mrs. Shahbaz continues the work in Bhalwal and the surrounding villages. She has a small dispensary which is the means of bring­ ing many women to her house, all of whom hear the message. She also visits a number of women in their homes, and is ac­ quainted with nearly all the women in Bhalwal. The prejudice which at first prevented many of the caste women from coming to her has passed away, and now many of them come for medi­ cine. When a Mohammedan woman of good family came one day. for medicine she refused to listen to the Gospel message. She said, “ You Christians are very treacherous, your only aim is to ruin other people’s faith through your medical work. I will never listen to you.” A month later her little daughter was taken sick, and she sent to Mrs. Shahbaz by a servant woman, but told the servant not to ask for medicine if M'rs. Shahbaz was inclined to be angry with the girl. The girl was treated very kindly and received medicine that cured her. The woman came again and when Mrs. Shahbaz started to talk of the Saviour she said, “ There is surely something to your religion that keeps you from becoming angry when you are mistreated.” Now her house is always open and when she is not visited once a week she wants to know why. Miss McCahon writes of the work in Sialkot City :—“ Nothing new or startling has occurred in zenana work this year. The en­ couragements have not diminished nor have the discouragements increased unless it be in the fact that both the Bible woman and the zenana missionary are becoming less able to carry on the work or to enlarge it on account of age. Fifty Mohammedans and ten Hindu women, who can read, have been regularly visited, and 480 Mohammedan and 47 Hindu women, who cannot read, have heard the Word.” Miss L. B. Hamilton, of Zafarwal, writes:—“For four months in the spring and summer the district missionaries are in Zafarwal station. After a sufficient time has been devoted to work in nearby villages and Bible school, little is left for the needy City in which there is now no Bible woman. I made sev­ 208 India—Evangelistic Work.

eral zenana visits and the people listened eagerly. In this city an idol stands in the temple beside the public bathing place, and across from this a large mosque has been built recently. The Arya Samaj holds meetings in the garden nearby. May the time soon come when the truth will be so sought after that the mission church may be filled with worshipped: Zenana work is also car­ ried on in Shakargarh. In one home where two little daughters had been taking reading lessons, one of them began to read the Koran, and now refuses to read the Bible. They listen respect­ fully when the message of Christ’s love is presented to them, but the mother declares that they must be faithful to the familv ties.”

WORK AMONG NON-CHRISTIAN WOMEN IN THE VILLAGES. Since the purdah system is not prevalent in the villages the opportunity of giving the Gospel message to the non-Christian women often comes when the Christians are receiving their reg­ ular lesson. Curiosity leads many to stand and listen, and some­ times to ask questions. In this way they hear the truth, and lis­ ten more readily than if the message were given directly to them. One woman in Gujranwala District asked with much surprise. “ Oh, did you come to talk to us ? Why, we are Mohammedans.” Miss Buchanan writes, “ Hindu and Mohammedan women learn willingly verses from the Psalms One girl who was eagerly learning was called away several times by members of her family, but each time slipped back to us. The opportunities for becom­ ing acquainted with the non-Christian women come often, but the question arises, ‘Is there time for these, when so many Christians need help and training?’ ” , Miss Corbett writes concerning Gurdaspur:—“ There are non-Christian houses in many villages where regular visits are expected every time the camp comes to the circle. Many seemed to have become more hungry and we saw continually the great dearth of comfort in the lives of the old women, the unhappy, and the suffering. Two widows sat by me in a village one afternoon, and listened to the wonderful invitation, ‘Come unto me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.’ They were w eary; they were heavy laden; and rest seemed the one thing desirable to them now and forever. After the long lesson, and many questions, and reading to them much of the love and power of Christ as displayed toward women, the question, 'Are you sure these things are true?’ came straight from their hearts. I could not trust myself to answer, but attempted to show them from His own words that Jesus gave Himself for the whole world, that He arose from the dead and ascended, and that those who believe in Him shall rise also and rest to all eternity—in Him. With tears in their eyes, and the light of a new hope India—Evangelistic Work. 209

shining in their faces they went away, saying, ‘There is no such good news for women in our religion.’ ” Perhaps it could hardly be said of Ihelum District that the fields are white to the harvest. Until November of the past year there were no district missionaries in Jheium. Misse's Logan and Gordon report:—“ Since November, 58 visits haye been made in 43 villages, and many women have heard at the tent. As a rule, we find the women friendly and glad to receive us in their homes. Some reject the message and utter terrible blasphemies when Jesus is spoken of as the Son of God. In one village we were not allowed to enter any house. We stayed for a little while in the street, where some women gathered about us, but a man came along and drove them away with a whip. Many have listened earnestly, some learning a Bible story, verse, or Psalm, well enough to be able to repeat it to others. A few years ago, a young man and his wife from this district became Christians, but were so persecuted that they had to leave the village. This young man is itinerating with us this winter, and visited his mother and his wife’s relatives.. They received him cordially and ate with him, but pleaded with him to return to his old faith. The mother said that we had not done right in taking him from them. The women here are much more bigoted than in districts where they have in their midst the witness of the Christian community. There is, however, much encouragement in the work this year.” The ladies of K hang ah Do gran have been able to reach a section which had not been visited for eight years. They report that everywhere the message was gladly received. In many places they were urged to stay on and tell more. They met with some of the aborigines who are densely ignorant, yet staunch be­ lievers in their prophet. Many came to the tent and heard the message of love and forgiveness. No one from this tribe has yet accepted Christ. While people have come in great numbers to hear, there are still thousands and thousands who are utterly^ indifferent to the Gospel. The lady missionaries of Lyallpur are often called to Hindu and M'ohammedan quarters of villages, and on such occasions nearly always receive good hearings. In one village when Miss Beatty was explaining the Way of Life a woman remarked, “ if that is the only way, what can we do, and how can we learn about it? We cannot read, and there is no one to tell us.” A Hindu woman who was able to read declined to buy the book offered. When she heard the missionary talk to the other wom­ en, however, she sent her little girl to get money from her hus­ band. In a short time he appeared and told his wife not to r^ad such books. She waited until he went away, then bought her book. Another woman, sitting near, said, “Why, is it only one cent? I will take one too.” Miss McConnell writes: “ Of the non-Christian women in these villages the most interesting is a 210 India—Evangelistic Work.

wealthy Sikh widow, a woman of unusual intelligence. About twenty years ago when traveling, a gentleman at a railway sta­ tion, gave her a Luke’s Gospel. She read it and later lost the book, but the impression it made has been lasting. A few years ago she made a long pilgrimage, visiting many famous temples and shrines in search of peace, but acknowledged it a fruitless search. She has been reading the Gospel again and says she believes that Christ died for her, and that He alone can save her His life of service for others has greatly impressed her. She says she prays often to Jesus Christ, and that the more she prays the more her heart tells her to pray. She has great com­ fort, she declares, for she knows ihat Christ hears her prayers.” There seems to be a general spirit of interest among Mohammedans in Pasrur. Sometimes this is shown by argument, and at other times by close attention and consent to everything said. Miss Elizabeth Lawrence tells of a Christian woman who asked that the ser­ vice might be delayed a few moments, until she could call some Mohammedan woman who wanted to hear. One old Mohammedan woman, who came in late last year and insisted that the lesson be repeated for her benefit, came again this year. Her plea had been, “Tell me now, I may not be living next year.” A second old woman had been with her the first time, but had died during the year. As the missionary sat teaching the women that day she breathed a prayer that this one might accept Christ before it was too late. That day Mohammedan and Christian women alike, bowed their heads in prayer and repeated that Christ is the only Saviour. May their hearts be enlightened as well as their minds, that they may accept Christ. Miss C. E. Wilson reports from Pathankot:—“Believing God’s promise concerning His Word we have gone out early and late carrying the good news of salvation to as many as possible in 115 towns and villages of this district, in 777 places, 297 new houses or courts, to 5560 hearers. Many heard the Word gladly and assented to it as being true and wonderful. Others heard with indifference, and a few rejected it.” The missionaries re­ port as one very unusual day’s work a visit to a village seven miles distant, where they had six very good hearings, and were able to give the Word to 80 adults. Several of the best homes of the village were open to them. The mistress of one of these homes was a Brahman widow, who was much interested and listened well. She admitted with tears that she was a great sin­ ner. She was sure of this because seven of her eight children had died. Five other villages were visited that day. Very sad instances are reported of women who need comfort. Three widows of one home, two of whom were childless, could not be comforted and declared that God was cruel to them. Several women had almost blinded themselves through excessive weep­ ing for lost children. The missionaries try to point these sor­ Ìndia—Evangelistic Work. 2 11 rowing women to Him Who is the source of all comfort and in some cases their efforts have been appreciated. Nearly all the Chuhras in* Pathankot District have already become Christians, but there are other low castes, such as the Doms, Chumars, and Kumhars. There has been a decided movement among these people toward Christianity. The Arya Samaj, taking advantage of this awakening, has undertaken to prevent them from be­ coming Christians. Misses M. A. Lawrence and A. M. Hamilton write:—“ As we think of the work among the women of Rawal Pindi District the thought that fills the heart first of all is one of praise and thanksgiving that God has sent us to witness for Him in this great field. Very few of the women in these villages have ever seen a lady missionary, or heard the good news, so we praise and thank the Lord, that to these, top, the Gospel has come. The next thought which comes to us is one of the vastness of the work, hundreds of villages to be reached, thousands of women to be taught. Our audiences vary greatly in character. In only one village have we been uiiable to get a hearing. Some women are indifferent, others are bigoted. The Mohammedans often say things to us and about us which you would not like to see written here. They laugh and jeer at the message, and say things about our blessed Saviour hard to endure, and are per­ fectly satisfied with their prophet, with their religion, and espe­ cially, with themselves. In other villages we find the people very willing to listen. Hungry, pleading eyes of bright Hindu and Mohammedan girls seen in the villages are constantly before us. In one home there were three young women all wives of one man, a wealthy chief. The youngest wife was a beautiful girl. As we read and talked of Jesus and life in Him, her eyes filled with tears and she said, ‘Oh, that I might have the opportun­ ity to learn to read, and to lead this life !’ The second wife, more hardened, listened with mingled indifference and longing; the third had had a quarrel and, angry and jealous, sat away off at one side of the court-yard. There was wealth in that home, but neither love nor happiness, for the influence of Mohammed was there, not that of Jesus. There are few women who can read, yet during the year we have sold more than 100 copies of the Gospel to women and girls. One woman read a chapter, then getting out her money said: ‘Oh, these are such precious words! I must have this book.’ In one part of this district there are several very small villages of two or three families each. Often in these we have had precious opportunities of talking to the families all together. We have been encouraged because God has been making even our very tents witness for Him. Many whom we cannot reach see our camp arid know why it is there. One day two women came to the tent. One was in deep sorrow be­ cause of the death of a son; she said, ‘I saw the tents and I said to this sister, “ Come, let us go over there and get comfort.’’ ’ ” 212 India—Evangelistic Work.

Misses Hill and Brotherston, of Sangla Hill, report:—' One single phrase, ‘the ministry of friendship,’ sums up our work among the Hindu and Mohammedan women of Sangla Hill Dis­ trict. Our efforts have been to reach, and make friends in, at least one non-Christian home of every village that we visit. This year, in a very marked way, we have reaped the reward of our effort. In many villages we have formed real friendships and our hearts have been touched by the love and the confidence placed in us. These women watch for our coming with as much interest as the Christian women, and often come to our tent be­ fore we visit them. In several villages these friendships have been formed with the wife of the Mohammedan priest, as she often is the only woman in the village who can read. This has opened the way to sell or give a Gospel. Many of the Hindu and Mohammedan women have sat throughout our village service, and we recall one mother and daughter who joined in the singing with the Christian women.” Misses Anderson and Cleland write:—“ In our Work among the non-Christian village women of Sargodha District we were enabled to give the Gospel to over 2000 women. In this work we have had more encouragement than ever before. In many places where formerly we met with bitterness or indifference we now find real hunger. Three young girls of one village and a woman of another seemed convinced as they listened to the story of the Saviour's love, and paid they would become Chris­ tians if they could get permission from their friends. Much of the curiosity we have usually found seems to have disappeared and the number who have come to see has lessened, while the number who come to hear has increased. One Hindu woman, when asked what she would do at the judgment day, replied, ‘We shall let someone answer for us.’ ‘Whom will you get?’ we asked. ‘Jesus Christ, the One of Whom you have been speaking,' was the instant reply. Later she asked us to tell them some way whereby they might become pure. Another woman made this request, ‘Give me some word whereby Satan will leave my heart. There he sits and all my prayers and fastings, and everything I have done have had no effect Tell me how to get rid of him.’ A few have professed their faith in Christ, and seem to be really Christians. The dissatisfaction with the old religion, the hunger of so many, as well as the increasing numbers who secretly be­ lieve, and of those who are willing to confess Christ, confirm our conviction that la mass movement among the caste people will come in the near future. This is an inspiration to us to be more diligent in sowing the seed, and is a stimulus to our faith and prayers.” Miss Moore, of Sialkot District, writes:—“ Almost without exception we have been cordially received by all classes, and not a few women have shown deep interest. One group of Mo­ hammedan women urged us vto come and teach once a week. 212 India—Evangelistic Work.

Misses Hill and Brotherston, of Sangla Hill, report:—“One single phrase, ‘the ministry of friendship/ sums up our work among the Hindu and Mohammedan women of Sangla Hill Dis­ trict. Our efforts have been to reach, and make friends in, at least one non-Christian home of every village that we visit. This year, in a very marked way, we have reaped the reward of our effort. In many villages we have formed real friendships and our hearts have been touched by the love and the confidence placed in us. These women watch for our coming with as much interest as the Christian women, and often come to our tent be­ fore we visit them. In several villages these friendships have been formed with the wife of the Mohammedan priest, as she often is the only woman in the village who can read. This has opened the way to sell or give a Gospel. Many of the Hindu and Mohammedan women have sat throughout our village service, and we recall one mother and daughter who joined in the singing with the Christian women.” Misses Anderson and Cleland write:—“ In our work among the non-Christian village women of Sargodha District we were enabled to give the Gospel to over 2000 women. In this work we have had more encouragement than ever before. In many places where formerly we met with bitterness or indifference we now find real hunger. Three young girls of one village and a woman of another seemed convinced as they listened to the story of the Saviour’s love, and said they would become Chris­ tians if they could get permission from their friends. Much of the curiosity we have usually found seems to have disappeared and the number who have come to see has lessened, while the number who come to hear has increased. One Hindu woman, when asked what she would do at the judgment day, replied, ‘We shall let someone answer for us.’ ‘Whom will you get?’ we asked. ‘Jesus Christ, the One of Whom you have been speaking,’ was the instant reply. Later she asked us to tell them some way whereby they might become pure. Another woman made this request. ‘Give me some word whereby Satan will leave my heart. There he sits and all my prayers and fastings, and everything I have done have had no effect. Tell me how to get rid of him.’ A few have professed their faith in Christ, and seem to be really Christians. The dissatisfaction with the old religion, the hunger of so many, as well as the increasing numbers who secretly be­ lieve, and of those who are willing to confess Christ, confirm our conviction that \ mass movement among the caste people will come in the near future. This is an inspiration to us to be more diligent in sowing the seed, and is a stimulus to our faith and prayers.” Miss Moore, of Sialkot District, writes:—“ Almost without exception we have been cordially received by all classes, and not a few women have shown deep interest. One group of Mo­ hammedan women urged usvto come and teach once a week. 214 India—Educational Work.

EDUCATIONAL WORK.

VILLAGE SCHOOLS. The improvement of the village schools is one of the great needs of the Christian community. They are the hope of the Church of tomorrow. While Christianity may do much for the men and the women, yet if their children remain uneducated the next generation will be no better than this one. This genera­ tion of children is living for tomorrow. The responsibilities of today will soon be upon their shoulders. The Rev. W. B. Anderson, of Gujranwala, reports:—“After the work of organizing the people into congregations, no other work seems nearly so important as that of the village schools. Every effort is being made to extend and improve them. The value of labor is rapidly rising and the possible earnings of each boy is a strong temptation to his father to keep him away from school, but the results of years of effort are beginning to tell and each year more boys are found in the schools. “ One of the greatest pleasures during the present year has been the investing of two special gifts in the work of educating the village children. One gift is that of $50.00 per year from a lady in America. This gift entirely supports .a-village school, paying for the teacher, keeping up supplies, and buying books for the children. Another gift is that of $10.00 a month given by a man and his wife. This amount is supporting four village schools. Even at a distance of 12,000 miles the donors seem sat­ isfied with the returns from their investment, and if they could come and see what their gift is actually accomplishing they would be much more than satisfied. No wonder! Think of going to bed at night with the consciousness that while you sleep quietly the sun is awakening a hundred little brown boys and girls who will go to school that day and be taught by four teach­ ers who are supported from your earnings. If men at home only knew the blessing of it they would rather have such an invest­ ment than railway stock and bank shares.” The Rev. A. M. Laing reports:—“In Gurdaspur District there are 17 village schools. A number have been closed because the local Christians would not support them properly and because Christian teachers could not be obtained. The most lamentable fact is the exceedingly small number of girls reading in the vil­ lage schools.” |

f India—Educational Work. 215 The Rev. H. C. Chambers reports that the school teachers of Khangah Dogran District are all Christians. Every year more are added to the list. It will be a glad day when trained Christian teachers are found to m an the village schools. The arrangements that are being made by the Mission for the better preparation of the primary school teachers by giving them a good normal school training is one of the most hopeful things in con­ nection with our village school work. The Rev. J. H. Martin, D.D., reports:—“ The educational system in Lyallpur District has not improved, the great difficulty being the inability to secure Christian teachers. The Govern­ ment has recently increased its number of schools and we have been offering scholarships to any Christian who will attend them. We have eight schools in this district with 233 pupils on the roll, of whom 121 are Christians, 22 being girls.” The Rev. J. G. Campbell, of Pasrur, writes:—“ Out of 30 teachers 17 are Christians. In the 30 schools we have an enrol­ ment of 988 pupils—424 Christians, 413 Mohammedans, and 151 Hindus. The Government Inspector speaks very well of our schools, a fact due to the faithfulness of Munshi Kakku Mall, the Mission School Inspector. Many schools could be opened in prominent centers if funds were available.” M'r. W. E. Nicoll reports from Rawal Pindi:—“ But one village school is maintained. It is. primarily for the children of Christian people living in a section of the Cantonments. An ef­ fort was made to carry on a school for girls in the same place but it was not successful.” The Rev. A. B. Caldwell, of Sangla Hill, reports:—“ The num­ ber of schools is about the same as last year, but the grade is higher and the number of pupils larger. The progress of Christian pupils has been about the same as that of the non-Christians. The Christian teachers number 11 and non-Christian 4.” Dr. Brown reports:—“ In Sargodha District we have been supporting 13 schools, some of which are in a flourishing condi­ tion. Some schools have been closed principally because of the in­ difference of parents. It requires great tact, love, and patience on the part of the teacher to keep the school in good running order. The parents as well as the children need education and this is the work of the teacher.” The Rev. J. W. Ballantyne reports for Sialkot District:—- ‘‘Our village schools are not keeping pace with the Government primary schools but are gaining in influence and efficiency. The number of Christians reading is about the same as last year. The fact that we have had during, the year over 20 boys and 2 girls reading in 7 different Government primary schools is most sig­ nificant. The advantages to be gained by the Christian com­ munity from having their children read in the Government schools is only beginning to be realized.” 2 l6 ìndia—Educational' Work.

The Rev. S. C. Picken, of Zafarwal, writes:—“ Nineteenvil- lage schools have been carried on with 389 boys and girls reading in them. Out of the 21 teachers employed 18 are Christians. The equipment is small yet who is able to estimate the power and in­ fluence wielded by such schools in our villages. We rejoice that in a number of cases Christian boys are attending Government schools. This is a long stride forward *or only a few years ago it was impossible for Christian boys to be entered in the Govern­ ment schools. In the work we see improvement over last year. Instruction in the secular branches is steadily improving. More boys are reading in the higher classes. The teachers are paying more attention to getting the boys through the first class and thus fewer boys are dropping out of the schools. Bible instruction this year has been more satisfactory. Our main difficulty is in trying to get the people to understand the value of education."

BOARDING SCHOOLS FOR CHRISTIANS. CHRISTIAN TRAINING INSTITUTE, SIALKOT.

Manager, The R ev. T. E. H o llid ay, d.d. Headmaster, M a u l a B a k h s h , E s q u ir e , b .a . Enrolment December 31st, 1912— Hindus 9 Mohammedans 34 Christians 165 20S Receipts: Fees and Government grant ...... $3,364 Granted from Mission funds ...... 9,078

Total expenditure ...... $12,442 Dr. Holliday reports:— The Christian boarders in April numbered 182. Five boys were entered in the boarding house of the City Mission School and 20 lower primary boys were with­ drawn by the district superintendents because of the overcrowd­ ed condition of the school. There are still 22 more than the Government code allows. The health of the students has been good. Mrs. Holliday has looked after the dispensary work, the garments for 40 poor boys and the bedding of the school, and has conducted the meetings of the Junior and Intermediate Christian Endeavor Societies. Only a few minor changes have taken place in the staff. A new high-grade teacher has proved very helpful in kindergarten work. Both teachers and taught have been diligent and about a score of boys were rewarded for having passed in each exami­ nation throughout the year. The results of the annual examina­ tion showed even a higher per cent, of passes than heretofore. Nine of the ten boys in the third middle class received certificates. India—Educational Work. 217

Five are now pupils in the City Mission High School. Two of these are at the head of their class. A class for the training of teachers for village primary schools has just been started and good results from the training of these fourteen men are expected. During the year the interest in the literary club has increas­ ed to the detriment of athletics. Four communion services were held during the year. Spe­ cial meetings were held in August, in which the Revs. W. T. An­ derson and Jamil-ud-Din rendered assistance. Sixteen united with the church on profession of faith. One elder has been or­ dained. The contributions amounted to Rs. 198, part of which was given toward the support of two workers in Sangla Hill and Pasrur. The school is much indebted to kind friends in the Third Church, Pittsburgh, for a liberal Christmas gift, which brought gladness to many hearts“ and provided 37 bound copies of the Psalms for use in the services, and also to several friends at home who have sent gifts for the support of boys. Needs— 1. More boarding accommodation. 2. Three recitation rooms already approved by the Mission to cost Rs. 1300.

BOYS’ VERNACULAR SPECIAL CLASS, PASRUR.

Manager, T h e R e v . J . G . C a m p b e l l . Mt. Campbell reports—The class is made up of 20 boys from the Christian homes of our district. The teacher is a high school graduate well qualified for his work and enthusiastic in it. The boys live in the servants’ quarters on the Mission com­ pound and recite in an old store room, which was cleared out for this purpose. The manager of the school feels very much the need of special intercession on the part of all for these picked boys, chosen to be trained as teachers and religious leaders for our Christian communities. GIRLS’ BOARDING SCHOOL, SIALKOT.

Managers, M is s F. C . M a r t i n M i s s M . R. M a r t i n . Enrolment, December 31st, 1912— Christians 190 Receipts: Fees, Government grant, and special gifts .... $1,290 Granted from Mission funds ...... 3,240

Total expenditure ...... $4,53° Miss F. C. Martin reports:—India is a land one of whose proverbs is, “ Woman is a great whirlpool of suspicion, a dwelling place of vice, full of deceit, a hindrance in the way of heaven, the gate of hell.” In this land about 40 years ago Miss E. G. Gordon gathered some little orphan girls together in Sialkot and India—Educational Work.

opened what is now known as the Christian Girls’ Boarding School. Truly the promise, “And I will bring the blind by a way that they know not; in paths that they know not I will lead them • I will make darkness light before them, and crooked places straight,” has been fulfilled. The year 1912 closed with an enrolment of 190 and never have the prospects of the school been brighter. . The work has been carried on with fewer interruptions than usual. The teach­ ing staff remains the same. The visit of the Government In­ spectress is always a source of great pleasure and satisfaction as she points out progress that the girl teachers have made and comments on efficiency along every line. The life of the school depends largely upon the teachers. As Pundita Ramabai says, “ The one thing needful for the general diffusion of education among women in India, is a body of women from among them­ selves who shall make it their life work to teach both by precept and example their fellow countrywomen.” Five of the teachers are girls who had their training in the school and are now teaching and training their Punjabi sisters. They know the girls and the lowly homes from which they come and many things that a foreigner can never know. As one of the Indian pastors said, “ When you think we have not risen very high you do not know the struggle that many of us have made to come even to the surface.” The health of the pupils and teachers has been good. Fourteen girls have united with the church during the year. Their daily conduct speaks of a spiritual life which is truly grati­ fying.

GIRLS’ BOARDING SCHOOL, GUJRANWALA.

Manager, Miss H a z e l B e n n e t t . Miss Bennett reports:—This school was closed early in July for the summer vacation because the buildings were not fit for the girls to live in during the rains. In August a heavy rain so damaged the building that the school was not reopened. Not­ withstanding the opening of the new school in Sangla Hill the need for a boarding school in Gujranwala still exists. Never before have the people of the district been so keen on having their girls educated. They much regret the closing of the school. The pupils did well at the annual inspection and the Inspec­ tress commended the tone of the school. The health of the school was good. India— Educational Work . 219

GIRLS’ BOARDING SCHOOL, SANGLA HILL.

Manager, Miss F. J. J a m e s o n . Enrolment December 31st, 1912— Christians 21 Total expenditure—all from Mission funds ...... $267 Miss Jameson reports:—We rejoice greatly that ihe long- talked-of, long-prayed-for, and greatly needed Sangla Hill School has become an established fact. The school opened No­ vember fifteenth in a most humble manner; servants’ houses, horse and buggy sheds, being used for the accommodation of thè girls. Part of the new buildings are in process of construc­ tion,, but nothing can be ready for use before April. Never before were the people so anxious to send their girls to school, so our quarters were at once filled and many girls had to be content with the hope that in April a place might be given them. Indian Christians and missionaries all look forward eagerly to the day when the new buildings will be ready. In the mean­ time the girls most cheerfully endure inconveniences and appre­ ciate the fact that God is permitting them to enjoy privileges de­ nied to many. GIRLS’ BOARDING SCHOOL, SARGODHA.

Manager, Miss A. L. C l e l a n d . Enrolment December 31st, 1912— Christians 25 Others 3 28 Total expenditure, all from special gifts ...... $242 Miss Cleland reports:—There have been 28 girls, all from Sargodha District, in the school during the year. Only two or three of them have been in school before. They learn so quickly and eagerly that they soon have a Bible knowledge quite exten­ sive, compared with that of their people,, and they will be able to instruct them when they return home. Some orphans, have come from homes where they were treated unkindly and are now quite happy here. A girl of twelve was sold to a man who was taking her home to make her his wife. She was rescued and brought to us. Her brother has tried every means to get her away, but so long as her mother does not demand that she be given up she can remain with us. A Mohammedan woman brought her two girls to the school. Fearing that she did not understand we told her that the girls would have to eat with the Christians, to which the Mohamme­ dans usually object. “ I do not mind,” she replied. “ But they may become Christians,” she was told. “All right, if they do I will probably become a Christian myself,” was her reply. She 220 India—Educational Work.

has come to see them several times and it is hard to tell whether mother or daughters are happier over their being in school

AVALON GIRLS’ HIGH SCHOOL, PATHANKOT.

Manager, Miss M. J. C a m p b e l l .

Enrolment December 31st, 1912— Christians 60 Others 5 65 Receipts: Special gifts ...... $2,126 Granted from Mission funds ...... 652

Total expenditure ...... $2,778

Miss Campbell reports:— In October the sum of Rs. 30,000 sanctioned by the Mission in 1910 for the erection of the building was received. In addition to this, a gift of Rs. 3000 has come and been used in the erection of a wall around the school buildings. A new front to the school has been finished and occupied and the school quarters are in process of construction. New classrooms and furnishings are an imperative need. Land upon which to erect the buildings has already been bought. The Government has sanctioned a monthly grant of Rs. 165. There are 59 boarders and 6 day pupils in the school, and many have been refused admission because of lack of room. Three girls have been baptized. One wras a Mohammedan, aged 16, of a Rajput family, who was sent to us last October by one of our zenana pupils. This woman in her shut-in life has learned to love Jesus Christ, and is teaching others about Him. After a few months’ instruction the girl was baptized and her ambition is to learn the Bible well and go out and lead others to Christ. Several Mohammedans have asked us to receive their daughters as boarders. After six years of service in the school Miss Schwab left for America in August. The school is richer spiritually because of her earnest prayers and her continued interest. Since October Miss Louise Scott has been giving most valuable aid in the edu­ cational work. The Government Inspectress highly commended the staff and school and made special mention of the work done in the English and kindergarten departments. In the Bible ex­ amination every girl passed. Twelve of the orphans saved money from their allowances for food and paid one girl’s way to the Sialkot Convention. She, a recent convert from Mohammedanism, was much blessed and brought back such an excellent report that the whole school has participated in the blessing. HO VS’ INDUSTRIAI. HOMI-:, Cl’JRA N W AU , INDIA. India—Educational Work. 221 INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS.

BOYS’ INDUSTRIAL HOME, GUJRANWALA.

Manager, T h e R ev. O sbo rne C rowe. Assistant, A. A. B i s w a s , E s q u ir e . Enrolment, December 31st, 1912— Christians 68 Receipts: F e e s ...... $ 136 Earnings ...... 9,906 Granted from Mission funds 3,340

Total expenditure $13,382 The Rev. Osborne Crowe reports:—This institution has much to be grateful for in the past year. The health of the boys has been excellent, and their conduct, with few exceptions, satis­ factory. Some have united with the church on profession of their faith, and quite a number give evidence of spiritual prog­ ress. The results of Bible study were good as shown in the All- India Sabbath-School Examination and in the examination held by the Industrial Home Board. In athletics, the hockey team has been victorious the past year although strong picked teams competed against it. Cricket and football also, are played with energy and skill. 'Financially the Home has had the best year of its exist­ ence in increased earnings in all departments. The carpenter department continues to be the most promising. Some large orders have been filled, such as furniture for the Y. M. C. A. building at Lahore and the Rang Mahal School of the same city. The new branch of building work, especially brick laying, has made .encouraging progress. Twelve boys now work at this trade and some who commenced about 18 months ago are now earning Rs. 15 a month. Some large contracts, one for Rs. 90*000, were declined because of pressure of work and lack of equipment. There seems to be no limit to the orders for furniture, building material, and furnishings that could be se­ cured. The commissioner of Lahore Division, when he visited the school recently, said that this was a good proof of the popular­ ity of the institution and an indication of the quality of the work done. He said that industrial training is supplying a great need in the country. Not so many are in the weaving depart­ ment, but better work is being done. The tailor shop cannot make progress until an efficient Christian tailor, willing to teach the boys, can be found. One of our own boys i$ teacher in the shoemaking depart­ ment and we hope that under him this, work will develop. An efficient Christian staff is needed, also equipment in the line of machinery. This would help greatly towards making the institution self-supporting and give a better opportunity for teaching the boys the finer parts of wood-working. 222 India—Educational Work.

We ask that the sympathy and prayers of those who have taken a kindly interest in the school may be continued.

GIRLS’ INDUSTRIAL HOME, PASRUR.

Managers, M iss E . J. M a r t in , M i s s M . C. H orm el.

Enrolment, December 31st, 1912— Christians 132 Receipts: Fees, Government grant and special gifts .... $1,305 Earnings ...... 70 Granted from Mission funds ...... ■. 1,667

Total expenditure ...... $3,042 Miss Martin reports:—The attendance from March until June was larger than it has been for several years and the 3rd, 4th and 5th classes have had a greater proportion of the girls than ever before. There were 17 in the 5th class, but 5 of these dropped out after the summer holidays. The remaining 12 all passed the Inspectress’s examination with credit. The In­ spectress commended the work in all of the classes, mentioning especially the .methods used in the infant and kindergarten classes. She wrote, “ Great credit is due to the teachers and pupils for the past year’s work.” In speaking of the needlework she says, “ The plain sewing of even the little ones was very good.” She also praised the singing and drill. The most of the Bible teaching nas been done by Indian teachers and in general their work made a good showing in the examinations. The results of the Bible work were best shown in the All-India Sabbath-School Examination when all the girls who took the written examination passed, one girl -getting 90 per cent. There is a good healthy spirit shown by the girls and teachers. Love for and interest in one another with an absence of objectionable rivalry has been very marked. The Christian teachers, all old pupils of this or the Sialkot Boarding School, have been most helpful to the spiritual life of the school. Several have sought refuge in the school during the year and the teachers and girls have taken a great interest in them, especially in teaching those who had not been baptized. One death occurred during the year but the general health of the school has been good. Grateful acknowledgment is made to the friends who have so faithfully kept up scholarships fo r the orphans. One of the missionaries gave Rs. 150 to the school. This was a personal gift from home. The Oakdale, Pa., Women’s Missionary So­ ciety sent Rs. 192 for a carpet for the school chapel. Rs. 15 came from the Fowler Orphanage in Cairo, Egypt, and blind Nawab of Khangah Dogran sent a rupee for the orphans. india—Educational Work. 223 CITY GIRLS’ SCHOOLS.

Most of the reports of the schools have been encouraging and speak of growth and development and added interest in things spiritual. The Gujranwala school has had another prosperous year. The Inspectress commended very highly, especially the work of Miss Mukerji, the efficient Headmistress. Ten girls passed in the middle examination and one in the junior normal. Several of the girls who passed the middle examination have continued in the school although they are the daughters of high-caste people who think it a disgrace for their daughters to earn money by teaching. They are pupils in the normal class but teach nearly as much as is required of regular teachers. There are nearly always some widows in the school either as regular pupils or taking special lessons from Miss Mukerji. The school has proved itself the friend of the widow. Miss Mukerji makes ,an effort to know her 250 girls personally and to come into touch with their home lives. A small school for Christian children was opened in Gujran­ wala City. This is being supported by a Bible class in the Fourth Church, Allegheny. It is taught by one of the famine orphan girls from the Girls’ Industrial Home, Pasrur, who is now the wife of a Christian worker. Miss Gordon reports the total enrolment for the Jhelum School as 90. With the exception of two Christian girls all are Mohammedan and Hindu. Hindu girls are now in the minority where once they were in the majority, because of an Arya Samaj school which has been opened. There are three teachers, two Christian and one Hindu. The Government Inspectress was pleased with the school. All the classes receive daily Bible teaching. At the Christmas entertainment the singing and reci­ tations of the little girls would compare favorably with that of some of our primary schools at home. Misses Cowden and J. E. Martin, of Khangah Dogran, re­ port:—“In the Martinpur school are two Christian teachers and 45 girls. The money has been provided for a new building which will be a great improvement over the present quarters. The school at Khangah Dogran was opened in June and in spite of its being closed twice on account of small pox and plague the attendance has been good, sometimes reaching 40. The Head­ mistress is an earnest Christian, on fire with missionary zeal. She places the Bible first. Her pupils love to sing the Psalms and recite Bible verses and stories. The parents complain that the girls pray in their homes. A young Hindu teacher became so interested in the Bible that her brother insisted on her leaving the school. Pray that the seed sown may take root and bring forth fruit in due season.” 224 India—Educational Work.

Of the Pathankot day school for Mohammedan girls, Miss Campbell says:—“ The school had to be closed from November to January because of plague, but notwithstanding its ups and downs the little school is a center of light in the town. The at­ tendance has been about 35. The Women’s Missionary Society has supported one of the Christian teachers.” Miss White, of Rawal Pindi, reports a total enrolment of 299 with an average attendance of 189. All of her seven teach­ ers except one are Christians. The school outgrew its old quar­ ters and in November moved into a much more suitable build­ ing in a better location. As many women wished to learn Eng­ lish a special class was made for them. Any coming for English only were to pay a special fee, but those who entered the other classes as well were to pay the regular fees. Six women availed themselves of this privilege and all entered the other classes. Two girls, the first candidates from this school, took the middle examination in March and passed. After her marriage Mrs. Samuel resigned as Headmistress and her place was taken by Mrs. Ponsonby, wife of Professor Ponsonby, of Gordon Mission College. She is an educated and accomplished Indian lady and well fitted for this position. Miss Cleland, of Sargodha, reports:—“Because of the Pathan woman who came to us last year, the Mohammedans opened a school and many of the former Mission School pupils have not been allowed to return to us. Two or three Moham­ medan girls and one boy, however, attend. The school for Christian boys was closed early in the year and many of the boys now attend the girls’ school.” Miss M. R. Martin reports of the work in Sialkot City:— “ Of the six teachers two are Christians, two Hindus and two Mohammedans. Several changes in the staff have taken place. One of the Christian teachers entered the normal training class and there was no Christian teacher available to take her place. The school has held its own and the Government Inspectress thought there was much improvement in the quality of the work done. Two Christian girls were enrolled. Two-thirds were Mohammedans and the remainder Hindus and Sikhs. “ The work being done in three languages, Urdu, Gurmukhi, and Hindi, a larger staff is required than if only one language were taught. Mrs. Masih Diyal teaches Bible classes in the school half of the day and visits the homes of her pupils the other half. Her earnest faithful teaching and her consistent Christian life are powerful influences in the school. “ A gala day was Christmas, when the girls came out to the Boarding School and together with the Boarding School girls each received one of the beautiful dolls that friends in America had given Miss Jameson for them. The pyramid of dolls made a beautiful sight and how they did enjoy them! They had the hall to themselves and it was crowded. They Indich—Educational Work. 225 were allowed to point out aiid admire the various dolls to their hearts’ content. Then they had their picture taken each with her doll in her arms and the sight of their happy, beaming faces would have well repaid those whose work of love made this happiness possible.” Miss L. B. Hamilton reports an attendance of 22 Hindu and Mohammedan, girls in the' Zafarwal school. An experienced teacher has been secured and the increased attendance is due to her efforts. The civil magistrate, a Hindu, sends his little girl to the Christian in preference to the Hindu school. The Bible instruction has improved and girls passed well in their examin­ ation. HIGHER EDUCATION FOR BOYS. DHARIWAL MIDDLE SCHOOL.

Manager, T h e R ev. A . M . L a in g .

Enrolment, December 31st, 1912— Hindus 79 Mohammedans 53 Sikhs 64 Christians 16 212 Receipts: Fees, Government grant and contribution of the New Egerton Woolen Mills Company ...... $1,249 Granted from Mission funds ...... 313

Total expenditure ...... $1,562

Mr. Laing reports:—The most encouraging feature about this school is the fact that there are eight Christian boys reading in the middle department who will soon be ready for work. Ow­ ing to the impossibility of securing a Christian Headmaster and other Christian teachers the chief value lies not in its evangelistic power but in providing secular training for future workers. Two Christian teachers are on the staff, the second master and the Bible teacher.

JHELUM MIDDLE SCHOOL.

Manager, T h e R ev. H a r r is J . S t ew art. Headmaster, F a z l I l a h i, E sq u ire, b .a ;

Enrolment, December 31st, 1912— Hindus 78 Mohammedans 115 Sikhs 24 Christians 3 220 Receipts: Fees and Government grant ...... $785 Granted from Mission funds ...... 494

$1,279 226 India—Educational Work.

Mr. Stewart reports:—Under the efficient Christian Head­ master there has been steady improvement. God has blessed the school with success. There are n teachers on the staff, 3 Hindus, 2 Sikhs, 3 Mohammedans, and 3 Christians including the Bible teacher. The chapel service is held regularly and each class is given Bible instruction daily. Attendance at Sab- bath-school has been very good, numbering 150. Visitors, guar­ dians, boys from the Government school, and teachers fre­ quently attend the Sabbath-school. There are some inquiries among the boys and teachers. One interesting feature of the school this year was that many of the boys after their own Sab­ bath-school came to attend the one in the church. At Christmas time when the missionaries gave an entertainment and treat, many of the non-Christian boys sang Psalms and Christmas songs and had a share in the distribution of the candy. The need of the school is a building of its own. The rented quarters even after many alterations and additions are far from satisfactory. The football team won the trophy in the annual district tournament.

THE SANGHOI MIDDLE SCHOOL.

Manager, T h e R ev . H a r r is J. S t ew a r t.

Enrolment, December 31st, 1912— Hindus, 26 Mohammedans 106 Sikhs 8 Christians 1 141 Receipts: Fees and Government grant ...... $401 Granted from Mission funds ...... 475

Total expenditure In spite of repeated changes in the staff this school has shown continued progress. It will be remembered that on the occasion of the baptism of a young boy who was a student of the school some years ago, very strong opposition was raised by the Hindu community, and a rival school started. This opposition, though less bitter and active, still continues. Leading citizens of the Mohamme­ dan community testified to their interest in our school by fur­ nishing prizes to be given on the occasion of the annual inspec­ tion in December. The daily Bible teaching is done by a graduate of the Semi­ nary and unusual interest is taken in the Bible lessons. A hope­ ful inquirer, one of the students, called frequently at the home of the Bible teacher during the early part of the year, at first to argue against Christianity, and later to learn to pray. He de­ clared his belief in Christ and his intention of becoming a India—Educational Work. 227

Christian, but at this juncture had to leave and has not re­ turned. The presence of one Christian family, that of the Bible teacher, has a marked effect on the community as shown by com­ parison with thousands of other villages in the district where the influence of Christ is unknown.

SIALKOT HIGH SCHOOL.

Manager, T h e R ev . J. W . B a l l a n t y n e .

Enrolment, December 31st, 1912— Hindus 61 Mohammedans 593 Sikhs 13 Christians 30 697 Receipts: Fees and Government grant ...... $4-37^ Granted from Mission funds ...... 294 Total expenditure ...... $4.672 The Rev. T. L. Scott, D.D., was in charge of this school until he was relieved in December to give his whole time to work in the Theological Seminary. Mr. Ballantyne reports:—After a period of 15 years the school plant shows great improvement. It is now fairly com­ plete. E. McMullen, Esquire, who had been Headmaster for 26 years, resigned. His absence from the school is noticeable. He was always highly regarded for his integrity and kindheart­ edness. While he had been a great factor in the school, he was growing old and unequal to the more exacting duties of head- mastership which the new regime demands. The increased number of Christian boys reading in the school is a noticeable feature. There are now 17 Christian pupils in the different classes of the primary department and 13 in the secondary. A Christian leads his class in the fourth grade. There seems to be no discrimination against the Christian boys. Teachers and their non-Christian class fellows accord them all the consideration to which they are entitled.

RAWAL PINDI HIGH SCHOOL.

Manager, T h e R ev. E . L . P orter, d.d.

Headmaster, B . S a m u e l , E s q u ir e , e .a . Enrolment, December 31st, 1912— Hindus 468 Mohammedans 49 r Sikhs 133 Christians 30 1122 Receipts: Fees and Government grant ...... $5.562 Granted from Mission funds ...... 1,246

Total expenditure $6,808 228 India—Educational Work.

The Rawal Pindi High School has had a very successful year. That the secular instruction in the school is satisfactory is shown by the Government Inspector’s remarks, “ The staff is not only sufficient, but efficient as well.” A lady teacher has been employed in the kindergarten de­ partment. This is an innovation for an Indian boys’ school but the experiment has proved satisfactory. The Rev. W. Caleb was secured in June to teach Bible lessons to the higher classes and have general charge of the religious instruction. A s the Manager’s time is mostly taken up withcollege work, the hurden of the supervision and management has to a very large degree fallen upon the Headmaster. Mr. and Mrs. Samuel have exercised a careful oversight of theChristian boys in the hostel and have done much to create in the boarding house theatmosphere of a Christian home.

GUJRANWALA HIGH SCHOOL.

Manager, The Rev. Robert Maxwell. Headmaster, B. C. Chatterjea, Esquire, b.a Enrolment. December 31st, 1912— Hindus 236 Mohammedans 221 Sikhs _ 35 Christians 21

Receipts: Fees and Government grant ...... 513 $4.622 Granted from Mission funds ...... 1,106

Total expenditure ...... $5,728 The Rev. Robert Maxwell reports:—The gifts of the Church in response to the appeal of the business men have provide! funds and a new plant is now in process of construction. Rec­ ognition was not withdrawn by Government and a large amount was contributed toward the site ^nd erection of new buildings. In April a new Hindu High School was started which helped in reducing the number to nearly that required by Gov­ ernment Inspectors. Owing to the reduced enrolment the in­ come from fees and of Government grant has decreased, thus the amount paid for Mission funds for the maintenance of the school has more than trebled during the last year. Another reason for this increased appropriation is the addition to the staff of Hakim Din, B. A., B. T.,* the first of our Christian boys who has attained this degree. The annual inspection has not been held. In the matricu­ lation examination 29 out of 37 boys were successful and in the middle 4 boys won scholarships. The school did well in sports, winning the district cham­ pionship in hockey. The Men’s Educational Board reports that

* Bachelor of Teaching. STIIKF.NTS AND KACÜI.TV, GORIlltN MISSION COM-KO K, « 4WAI. PINDI, INDIA. India—Educational Work. 229

the'teaching of the Bible and the discipline were good. It urged the necessity of having Christian boys, especially small boys, accommodated in apartments by themselves instead of with Hindu and Mohammedan boarders. As soon as funds are available a new boarding house will be erected, providing sepa­ rate buildings for the Christians. The school has been fortu­ nate in securing Wazir Chand, B.A., a student of the Theological Seminary, to teach Bible two hours a day. We wish to thank all who contributed to the building fund and thus made possible the maintenance of the school. We re­ quest everyone to pray that this school may not only be a place for acquiring culture but that it may become a light to lighten the Gentiles. GORDON MISSION COLLEGE, RAWAL PINDI.

STAFF.

The Rev. E. L. P o rte r, m .a ., d.d., Principal and Professor of English. Henri. R. Ferger, Esquire, b.s., Professor of English and Mathematics. Ralph R. Stewart, Esquire, b.a., Professor of Botany and Zoology. Peter P o n so n by, E sq u ire, m .a ., Professor of History. Lala Manohar Lal, b.a., b .t ., Professor of Physics and Chemistry. M. A bdul R a h m a n , m .a ., Professor of Persian and English. L ala, S ada N a n d , m .a v Professor of Mathematics. S. J aggat S in g h , m .a ., Offg. Professor of Philosophy. Maulvi M o h a m m a d A k r a m , Professor of Persian and Arabic. Pandit H a ri C h a n d , Shastri, Professor of Sanskrit. ¡Dr. Porter reports:—Maulvi Badr-ud-Din, Professor of Persian and Arabic, died November 3rd. He has been a mem­ ber of the staff from the opening of the College classes in 1894. He was an authority on classic literature and greatly esteemed by his students. The number of students in attendance is the largest in the history of the institution. On the opening of the College in September, 67 were enrolled in the first year class and many were turned away for want of room in the science laboratories. In the University examinations the results of the B. A. were disappointing, but in the intermediate the College secured first place in the pass percentages in the science and stood well in the arts departments. In the quinquennial report of the Gov­ ernment on education in the Punjab the Hon. Mr. Godley, Direc­ tor of Public Instruction, writing of the special characteristics of individual colleges says, “ Gordon College has been marked by its high percentage of passes.” The influence exerted on the lives of the students is seen in the most marked degree among the residents of Gordon Hall. This is evident in the change of attitude of the non-Christian stu­ dents toward caste and in the evangelistic spirit and social ser­ 230 India—Educational Work.

vice of the Christian students. The Mohammedan students have joined the Christian students’ mess and eat at a common table. The Hindu students have two messes, one for vegetari­ ans and one for the others. The members of each mess eat at a common table, thus abolishing the custom of individual dining so universally prevalent among Hindus. Three of the non-Christian students attended the Mott- Eddy lectures in Lahore and enrolled themselves as inquirers. Many others expressed a desire to go but influences were hrought to bear to prevent them. Professors Ferger ancT Stewart have their quarters in Gor­ don Hall and have done much for the social and religious life of the boarders. Under orders of the University Rs. iooo have been spent on the library during the last two years. The books now num­ ber 1625. A new catalogue has been printed. The number of books issued to the students almost doubled during the year. Thanks are due Professor Ponsonby for his painstaking care as honorary Librarian. From the first of April, 1912, the Government increased the annual grant from Rs. 3600 to Rs. 8000 on condition that the increased amount be used in securing better equipment. While this does not reduce the amount expended by the Mission, it gives great relief in providing for the necessary expenditure which the College was not otherwise able to make and adding to the permanent efficiency, of the institution. Thanks are due the chaplains of the various churches of Rawal Pindi Cantonments and others for the addresses given to the students. Also to Mr. Fred J. Ferger, of Chattanooga, Tenn., for two silver medals. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, GUJRANWALA.

FACULTY.

T h e R ev . R obert S tew art, d.d., l l .d. T h e R ev. T . L . S cott, d.d. T h e R ev: L a b h u M ali,. Dr. Stewart reports that during the past year there have been 22 students in attendance, 12 in the Seminary proper and 10 in the Theological Training School. A class of 5 graduated in June, one dropped out on account of sickness and one did not return, thus leaving 15 in attendance at the close of the year. The intellectual and literary qualifications insisted upon for admission to the higher department prevented some applicants from joining the Seminary. We rejoice that one person was add­ ed to the roll who has passed his B.A. degree. The location of the institution has been changed during the year from Sialkot to permanent quarters in Gujranwala. This India—Educational Work. 231 took place in the early part of July but the classes were not held in the new places until the beginning of the Seminary year in No­ vember. The formal opening of the new buildings was held December 27th when a suitable program was carried out. It is a matter of rejoicing that after 35 years of diversified experi­ ence, the Seminary is located in a permanent home. At this time it might be well to mention those persons who from a financial point of view have been our chief helpers. Archibald Stewart, Esq., of Indiana, Pa.; Archibald Lendrum, Esq., of East Greenwich, N. Y .; The Rev. Samuel Kerr, D.D., of Harmony, Pa., and a recent benefactor who desires that his name be not published. 232 India—Medical Work.

MEDICAL WORK.

MEMORIAL HOSPITAL AND DISPENSARY, SIALKOT.

Miss Maria White, m . d . Miss E. W. Maconachie. Miss White reports:— If the hospital and dispensary work stopped with the care of the body there would be a painful same­ ness in our reports but the bringing of physical relief is not the whole work of the medical missionary. The Gospel teaching, the close soul to soul contact, with both Christian and non-Christian is more important than the dispensing of medicines. The Bible teaching has been listened to, Psalms and Bible verses committed to memory, and, as in former years, many have declared for Christ but have not been able to come out and be baptized. One little Arya girl asked for baptism and twice left her home to come to live at the hospital. She was refused the first time as she was only 12 years old and a minor in British law. When she came the second time she was granted permis­ sion to stop in the hospital for one night but has stayed two months though at liberty to go and come as she chooses. We have not had so many indoor patients as last year. I believe the reason has been the Balkan war. Not only was the fast of Ramazan observed as never before but a number of special fasts were ordered. Women and laboring men suffered much from observing these fasts, only those very seriously ill being allowed to take medicine. Heretofore the fast of Ramazan has not seriously affected the attendance at the hospital. The daily average attendance has been 45, and 346 major and 974 minor operations have been performed. Visits were made in 124 homes and 32 villages. The city Bible woman made regular visits in 40 homes. The Gospel has been heard with attention and parts of it memorized. During the fall a day watchman has sat by the front door of the hospital and taught the men who came to bring their women and children. The students of the Girls’ Boarding School and the Chris­ tian Training Institute have been cared for as usual and I am glad to report that tuberculosis has disappeared from the former and the number of cases in the latter has greatly decreased. Summing it all up we can say with thanksgiving, “Thou crownest the year with thy goodness.” India—Medicai Work. 233 Miss Maconachie reports:— The past year has been one of encouragement. The patients respond readily to kindness and seem anxious to hear of Christ’s Gospel and Christ’s love. Our Bible woman as well as the nurses teach them every day. Sab­ bath afternoons a service is held at which all are present. Those who are able come for morning and evening prayers with the staff. The seed is daily sown and it is necessary that we be much in prayer that the spirit of the Lord may work mightily in the hearts of those who have received the message. Some weeks ago a poor woman, whose husband was the ser­ vant of an officer in Cantonment, was brought to us suffering from pneumonia. She was from Southern India and had been in the Punjab only a short time. From the first there was very little hope of her recovery and when she realized this -her faith in the Saviour did not waver. Her consideration for the nursing staff was unusual. In the morning she would say, “ The nurse took such good care of me last night. I could not get her to take a rest.” The day before she passed away, while she was still conscious, I was praying with her when she stopped me and said, “Ask the Lord to take care of my little children.” Her faith and hope while passing through the dark valley were an inspira­ tion to us all. We have six little children in the Babies’ Ward, five of whom are about two years of age and the other a babe. Our nursing staff remains much the same as last year. The head nurse, Miss Jackson, is very capable and a great help in training probationers.

WHITE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, PASRUR.

Miss M a r ia W h it e , m .d. Miss White reports:—My visits to the White Memorial have been a comfort and rest as the work there is lighter than at Sialkot. The attendance at both hospital and dispensary has been very good. During the year Mrs. Maidment was away on sick leave for three months and at the same time the place of the Bible woman was filled by a young school girl so I was compelled to make frequent visits. One day while talking to the women I asked, “Has Christ done anything for you?” A Mohammedan woman replied, “ Yes, He sent you and you have built this hos­ pital and you care for and love us. Mohammed never sent us any help. We women are nothing to Mohammed.” Mrs. Maidment writes, “ Our daily work begins with sing­ ing and prayer. The Bible woman teaches the patients from the picture rolls. Sometimes the women are so interested that they bring their friends to hear the Bible stories. They often admit that what we say is all true.” 234 India—Medicai Work. During the year .80 patients have been admitted to the hos­ pital, 15 villages visited, and 42 visits made to the homes of the people. GOOD SAMARITAN HOSPITAL, JHELUM.

Miss J. P. S im p s o n , m .d. Dr. Simpson reports:-—Statistics are rather dry in them­ selves but it has been interesting in making out the hospital report for the Government this year to see the growth of our work. It has never been rapid and occasionally on- account of a healthful season or for some other reason the numbers may be a trifle less than for a preceding year, as in the past two years ths number of out-patients has been less than formerly, but on the whole there is a steady increase along -every line. Our in-patients this year were 5 15 ; last year 300; out-patients this year 7620; last year 6779; operations this year 305; last year 254. We have the same efficient hospital assistant as for the past two years. She was married in July to Fazl Ilahi, B.A., Headmaster of the Mission middle school. She lives outside the hospital, which is not quite as satisfactory, as she cannot have the same oversight of the in-patients as before, but she does her work quite faithfully. Three of the nurses were married, too, leaving only three of the old staff. Two new workers who have had 8 years of training and bid fair to become good help­ ers have been employed. We have joined the interdenominational committee which has a course of instruction for nurses. They will be examined every six months and we hope this will increase their efficiency. A dresser recently employed is a Mohammedan woman. She heard the Gospel in Bhera dispensary and was unhappy with her husband, the postmaster, so when he began to make ar­ rangements for a second wife she secured a divorce and came here. She has a good reputation, is a bright faced young woman, and learns fairly well. We hope to see her baptized very soon. A number of surgical patients have expressed gratitude for relief afforded by operations. An old servant had an abdominal operation performed by Dr. Heston the day before I took charge in May. She is now with the deputy commissioner’s wife who tells me that the Ayah never ceases to sing the praises of our hospital. Bible teaching goes on regularly in the hospital and many seem very much interested. India—Medicai Work. 235 KALA DISPENSARY.

Miss J. P. S i m p s o n , m .d . Dr. Simpson reports:—The attendance has been 2925 new cases with a total of 6846. Mrs. Lahna Mall writes:—“ Women of the town and neigh­ boring villages have been coming to me and have listened to the Gospel.”

SARGODHA HOSPITAL.

M. M. B r o w n , m .d. Dr. Brown reports:—The past year has been one of vicissi­ tudes. On account of lack of funds most of the staff have been dismissed and the Malakwal dispensary closed. In the fall the Sargodha City dispensary was closed and the compounder is itinerating with the missionaries. This is all the medical work that is being carried on at the close of the year. The hospital is to be reopened in March with Miss Wini­ fred Heston in charge.

BHERA DISPENSARY.

M. M. B ro w n , m .d. Dr. Brown reports:—Last year you were requested to pray for Bhera as no conversions had taken place there and the work had been carried on for years. Now we are rejoiced to re­ port that during the year two women have professed conversion and one has proven her sincerity by forsaking all and enduring persecution. Others have shown great interest and we request you to continue to pray for more fruit in Bhera. The attendance at the daily clinic has been good except during the time of the excitement about the woman who confess­ ed Christ. The workers were afraid at that time that the work would be stopped altogether but people soon began to come again and before long the attendance was normal. The workers, Miss Aldridge, Bible woman; Miss Preril Masih, hospital assistant, and Miss Abdulla, compounder, con­ tinue to do faithful work. m

SUMMARY OF MEDICAL STATISTICS, INDIA, 1912

»ó

S Q 8 Work. India—Medical C-H-C Institution s ' &1

new 1

Total . 3 1 1 29 184 1,450 2,075 53,298 136,669;3,328 5,543 India—Needs. 237 NEEDS. Opportunities for presenting Christ to the non-Christians continue to increase but the needs of the Indian Church are re­ ceiving the special attention of the missionaries. . Of the con­ gregations as a whole the Rev. W. B. Anderson writes:— “ In many places the proselytizing of Roman Catholics and other sects offering material aid to the people has made it difficult for the church to hold its own. . . . The scarcity of crops has made the problem before the pastors of self-supporting congregations more complicated than ever. May we not all pray for them in their hour of difficulty.” The Rev. J. W. Ballantyne writes:—“How we wish for stronger and better equipped leaders! How we wish that the people were better taught!” M. M. Brown. M.D., writes of the village work:—“ It makes one heartsore to have the ignorant Christians begging for both secular and spiritual teachers, when instead of being able to grant their requests we must dismiss workers already employed. Only about one third of our Christians have anything like regu­ lar teaching in Scripture. Most of the remainder we see per­ haps once a year, but there are some whom we have never been able to visit at all.” Misses J. E. Martin and Cowden write :•—“ One of the most heartbreaking things we must endure is the pleading of those who have no teacher. We try to explain to them that we must wait until God’s people give more money for the support of His work but the poor ignorant people go away hurt and angry, and the ache in our heart increases as we see them go back to a life surrounded by evil. Then the Roman Catholics or some other sect go to them and say, ‘We will give you land if you come to us. You will not need to give any collection or take the trouble to learn anything.’ As a result many turn to these husks.” Of the need of enlarging our work the Rev. J. G. Campbell writes:—“ In one part of the district thousands would become Christians if any one could be sent to teach them. They are ready to leave their old faith and so are in danger of being led aWay by any false teacher who comes to them. All this is in the region included in the new district which has been so long prom­ ised but never realized. The harvest is great and the fields ready for the sickle in that great district. Here is a golden opportunity for some individual or for some church to take up a special work in financing this new station and district. From perhaps no place in the world would greater and more speedy returns be realized on money invested.” 238 India—Missionaries and Workers.

MISSIONARIES AND WORKERS.

ON THE FIELD, DECEMBER 31st, 1912.

GUJRANWALA.

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. W. B. Anderson, Miss Hazel Bennett, Miss L. m ’ Buchanan Indian Workers—Pastor Elect— Shadi Khan, Othian-Galotian Evangelist— The Rev. Jiwan Mall School Inspector— S. Stephen School Teachers— Christian, 12; non-Christian, 28 Other Workers, 8; Licentiates, 4

The City The Rev. and Mrs. Robert Maxwell Miss R. A. McCullough Indian Workers— Pastor— The Rev. Barkat Masih, Gujranwala Evangelist— The Rev. Karm Bakhsh Bible Women— Mrs. Murray, Mrs. Bhagtu Mall School Teachers— Christian, 3. The Theological Seminary— The Rev. Robert Stewart, D.D., LL.D. 'The Rev. T. L. Scott, D.D. Indian Professor— The Rev. Labhu Mall The Boys’ Industrial Home— The Rev. and Mrs. Osborne Crowe Indian Staff—Assistant— A. A. Biswas, Esquire Christian Teachers— Haveli Ram, Khushal Chand, Sant M asih; non-Christian, 2 The City Girls’ School— The Rev. and Mrs. Robert Maxwell Indian Staff— Headmistress— Miss K. M. Mukerjie Christian Teachers; 5; non-Christian, 8 The Boys’ High School— The Rev. and Mrs. Robert Maxwell Indian Staff— Headmaster— B. C. Chatterjea, Esquire, B.A Christian Teachers— Hakim Din, Esquire, B.A., B.T.; Wazir Chand, Esquire, B .A .; La1>- ha Mall; non-Christian, 24

GURDASPUR.

The District— The Rev. A. M. Laing, Miss K. M. Corbett, Miss L. G. Dickson Indian Workers— Pastors— The Rev. Gulaba, Khaira I The Rev. Aziz-ul-Haqq, Awankha The Rev. Imam-ud-Din. Tibbar The Rev. Allah Ditta, Khaira II The Rev. James, Gurdaspur Pastor Elect— Barkat Masih, Sekha School Teachers— Christian, 6; non-Christian, 12 Bible Women— Mrs. Dennison, Allah Rakhx India—Missionaries and Workers. 239

JHELUM.

The District— The Rev. Harris J. Stewart, Miss M. E. Logan, Miss E. M. Gordon Indian Workers—Pastor— The Rev. Ganda Mall, Jhelum Other Workers, 4 Middle Schools— The Rev. Harris J. Stewart Jhelum City— Headmaster— Fazl Ilahi, Esquire, B.A. Christian Teachers— John Isaac, Bindra Bun Sanghoi Christian Teachers—Daniel McAuley, Isa Das The Good Samaritan Hospital— Miss J. P. Simpson, M.D. American Nurse— Miss S. A. Howell. Indian Staff—Hospital Assistant— Mrs. Fazl Ilahi Nurses, 6

KHANGAH DOGRAN.

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. H. C. Chambers, Miss H. M. Cowden, Miss J. E. Martin Indian Workers—Pastors— The Rev. Mallu Chand, Martinpur The Rev. Buta Mall, Satialli Evangelist—■ The Rev. Fazl-ud-Din School Teachers— Christian, 18 Other Workers, 4

LYALLPUR.

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. J. H. Martin, Miss L. A. McConnell, Miss R. B. Beatty For language study, the Rev. ana Mrs. E . V . Clements, the Rev. and Mrs. W. D. Mercer Indian .Workers—Pastor— The Rev. Muhmmad Husain, Lyall- Evangelist— pur Bible Woman— The Rev. Paul Nasar Ali School Teachers—'Mrs. A . Shah Other Workers, 11 Christian, 6; non-Christian, 2

PASRUR.

The District- The Rev. and Mrs. J. G. Campbell. Miss Elizabeth Lawrence, Miss V. M. Scott Indian Workers—Pastors— The Rev. Jamil-ud-Din, Pasrur The Rev. Wadhawa Mall, Bann Baj- , wan The Rev. Ida, Bhodi The Rev. Allah Ditt, Dhoda Pastor Elect— Salik, Kali Bible Women— Mrs. Jones, Ruth, Jawai School Inspector— Munshi Kaku Mall School Teachers— Christian, 18; non-Christian, 13 Other Workers, 8 The Girls’ Industrial Home— Miss E. J. Martin, Miss M. C. Hor- r j • mel Indian Staff—Headmistress— Miss Ishar Das Christian Teachers, 4; non-Christian, 2 Other Workers, 3 240 India—Missionaries and Workers.

The White Memorial Hospital— Miss Maria White, M.D. Indian Staff—Hospital Assistant—'Mrs. Jane Msiidment Nurse— Miss Begum Faqira Mall Bible Woman— Mrs. Failbus Other Workers, 2

PATHANKOT. The District The Rev. and Mrs. John H. Stewart Miss C. E. Wilson, Miss R. T. Wil­ son Indian Workers—Bible Woman— Clara School Teachers— Christian, 2 ; non-Christian, 1 Other Workers, 5 ; Licentiate, 1 The Avalon Girls’ High School— Miss M. J. Campbell American Teacher— Miss Louise Scott Indian Staff—Headmistress— Miss G. Mahli, F.A. Christian Teachers— Miss Ethel Dina Nath, Mrs. Jona­ than, Fazl Bibi; non-Christian, t City Girls’ School— Miss M. J. Campbell Indian Staff— Christian Teachers, 2; non-Christian, 1

RAWAL PINDt The District— The Rev. and Mrs. W. T. Anderson, Miss M. A. Lawrence, Miss A. M. Hamilton Indian Workers, 2 The City— Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Nicoll, Miss J. L. White Indian Workers—Pastor— The Rev. W . T. Williams, Rawal Pindi Colporteurs— Elder Beni Parshad, Chambel Das, ‘ Wali Dad Bible Women— Mrs. Baptist, Mrs. Thomas, Miss Ab­ dul Masih School Teacher— Christian, Imam-ud-Din Other Workers, 2 The City Girls’ School— Miss J. L. White Indian Staff—Headmistress— Mrs. Peter Ponsonby Christian Teachers, 6 ; non-Christian, x Gordon Mission College— The Rev. and Mrs. E. L. Porter Staff— Henri R. Ferger, Esquire, B.Sc., Pro­ fessor of English and Mathematics Ralph R. Stewart, Esquire, B.A., Professor of Botany and Zoology Peter Ponsonby, Esquire, M.A., Pro­ fessor of History and English Lala Monohar Lai, B.A., B.T., Pro­ fessor of Physics and Chemistry M. Abdur Rahman, M;A., Professor of Persian and English Lala Sada Nand, M.A., Professor of Mathematics . . S. Juggat Singh, M.A., Officiating Professor of Philosophy ■Maulvi Muhammad Akram, Profes­ sor of Arabic Pandit Hari Chand, Shastn, Profes­ sor of Sanskrit India—Missionaries and Workers. 241

The Boys’ High School— The Rev. and Mrs. E. L. Porter Indian Staff— Headmaster— B. Samuel, Esquire, B.A. Christian Teachers, 10; non-Christian, 34

SANGLA HILL.

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. A. B. Caldwell, Miss K. A. Hill, Miss L. S. Broth- erston Indian Workers— School Teachers—Christian, 1 1 ; non-Christian, 3 Other Workers, 6 The Girls' Boarding School— Miss F. J. Jameson Indian Staff—Christian Teachers, 2

SARGODHA.

The District— M. M. Brown, M.D., the Rev. R. E. Ayers, Miss E. D. Anderson, Miss A. L. Cleland Indian Workers—Pastors— The Rev. M. Rai, Sargodha The Rev. Mangd Mall, Sakesar Stated Supply— The Rev. Farman Din, Chak 87 Evangelists— The Rev. H. D. Salik, the Rev. I. D. Shahbaz. the Rev. Labhu Mall, the Rev. Faqira Mall Bible Women— Miss Stowell, Rachel School Teachers— Christian, 12 Other Workers, 7 The General Hospital— M. M. Brown, M.D. Indian Staff— Hospital Assistant—B. Samuel Bible Woman— Mrs. David Other Worker, 1 Bhera Dispensary— ^ _ M. M. Brown, M.D. Indian Staff—Hospital Assistant—»Miss Prem Masih Bible Woman— Miss Aldridge Compounder, 1

SIALKOT.

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. W . M. McKelvey, Miss Henrietta Moore Indian Workers— Pastors— The Rev. Gulam Masih, Chawinda The Rev. Karm Dad, Bawa Lakhan School Inspector— Mathias School Teachers— Christian, 1 1 ; non-Christian, 11 Other Workers, 17 The City— The Rev. J. W . Ballantyne, Miss Elizabeth McCahon Indian Workers— Pastor— The Rev. Gulam Masih, Sialkot Bible Women— Mary Anna, Bhajan School Teachers— Christian, 5 The Christian Training Institute— The Rev. and Mrs. T. E. Holliday For language study, the Rev. and Mrs. F. N. Crawford Indian Staff— Headmaster— Maula Bakhsh, Esquire, B.A. Christian Teachers— The Rev. Katha Mall, Gulab Khan, M. B. Scott, non-Christian, 8 242 India—Missionaries and Workers.

The Girls’ Boarding School— Miss F. C. Martin, M iss'M . R. Mar­ tin For language study, Misses M. E Beatty, S. J. Hopkins, 0 . R. Lain« Indian Staff—Headmistress— Miss R. Qutb-ud-Din Christian Teachers, 7; non-Christian, 2 The City Girls’ School— Miss M. R. Martin Indian Staff—Christian Teachers 2 ; non-Christian, 4 The Boys’ High School— The Rev. J. W . Ballantyne Indian Staff— Christian Teachers, 2 ; non-Christian, 23 The Memorial Hospital— Miss Maria White, M.D., Miss E. W. Maconachie Indian Staff— Sub Assistant Surgeon— Sonahli Singh Bible Women— Mrs. Zorah James, Nahali, Mrs. Dina Nath Compounders, 2 ; Nurses, 8

ZAFARWAL.

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. Picken, Miss L. B. Hamilton, Miss D. B. Whitely Indian Workers— Pastors The Rev. Arura, Chimma The Rev. David, Ainowali The Rev. Mulaim-ud-Din, Zafarwal Bible Woman— Leah School Inspector— Munshi Elishah Bhajna School Teachers— Christian, 18; non-Christian, 3 Other Workers, 14

MISSIONARIES ON FURLOUGH.

The Rev. J. S. Barr, D.D. The Rev. E. E. Campbell. The Rev. and Mrs. D. R. Gordon. The Rev. and Mrs. J. A. McArthur. The Rev. and Mrs. J. A. McConnelee. The Rev. and Mrs. H. S. Nesbitt. Mrs. M. M. Brown. Mrs. J. W . Ballantyne. Mrs. A. E. McClure. Miss E. G. Gordon. Miss N. A . Hadley. Miss Mary Kyle. Miss E. M. Minger. Miss J. B. Morrison. Miss N. J. Spencer. Miss M. M. Wilson. India—5 tatistical Sum mary. 243

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31st, 1912.

I. F I E L D

Number of square miles ...... 24,223 Total population ...... 5.433.095 Total number of cities ...... 35 Total number of villages ...... 9,339 Number of cities and villages in which thereare Christians 1,396 Total Christian community (including members, bap­ tized children and catechumens) ...... 54.240 Net increase in Christian community in 1912 ...... 2,211

II. WORKERS

AM ER ICA N — Number of ordained missionaries ...... 19 “ Lay missionary...... 1 “ Married women mission­ aries ...... 16 “ Unmarried women mission­ aries ...... 33 “ Medical missionary, man .. 1 “ Medical missionaries, women 2 “ Short term teachers ...... 2 “ Short term missionary nurse ...... 1

Total Americans at work on the field ...... 75

INDIAN—Number of ordained ministers _____ 36 Licentiates ...... 11 “ Theological students ...... 22 “ Colporteurs ...... 11 Bible women ...... 25 “ Christian teachers ...... 202 “ Medical assistants ...... 29 “ Other Christian workers ...... 104 “ Non-Christian teachers ...... 209

Total number of Indian workers ...... 649 Total number of workers, American and Indian .... 724

III. THE CHURCH

INDIAN MINISTERS—a. Pastors ...... 22 b. Stated supply ...... 1 c. Missionaries ofthe Synod 2 d. Professor in the Seminary 1 e. Bible teachers ...... 2 f. Evangelists ...... 8

Total ...... 36 244 India—Statistical Summary.

Number of ministers ordained during the year ...... “ Pastors installed ...... “ Students licensed ...... Total number of organized congregations ...... Number of congregations organized during the year.. Number of congregations having pastors'...... Total number of pastoral charges ...... Total number of unorganized circles ...... Other places where services are held ...... Total membership ...... Increase by profession ...... 2,947 • “ certificate and restoration ...... 4,188

Decrease by death ...... 406 “ removal and suspension ...... !. : ...... 4.551

Net increase, 1912 ...... Number of adult baptisms ...... 1,086 “ Infant baptisms ...... 1,725

Total baptisms ...... Contributions from the Indian Church— To Missions ...... $656 To pastors’ salaries ...... 2,403 To Synod and Presbytery funds ...... 332 To general purposes ...... 1,482

Total contributions from the Indian Church to Church work ...... Paid from Mission treasury toward Church and evan­ gelistic work ...... Total number of self-supporting congregations ......

IV. SABBATH SCHOOLS

Number of Sabbath-schools ...... Number of teachers ...... Number of pupils in Sabbath-schools ...... Contributions ......

V. YOUNG PEOPLE’S SOCIETIES

Number of societies ...... Number of members ...... Contributions ......

VI. WOMEN’S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES

Number of societies ...... Contributions ...... India—Statistical Summary.

VII. SCHOOLS

Theological Seminary ...... x College ...... I High Schools for boys ...... 3 « “ for girls ...... x Middle Schools for boys ------5 “ “ for girls ...... : ...... 3 Industrial School for boys ...... ‘ ...... 1 “ “ for girls 1 Primary Schools for boys ...... 181 “ ’ “ for girls ...... 10

Total number of Schools ...... 207 Number of students in the Theological Seminary __ 22 College ...... 156 boys in High Schools ...... 3,624 girls in High Schools ...... ” 70

Total pupils in High Schools ...... 3,694 Number of boys in Middle Schools ...... 1,204 “ girls in Middle Schools ...... 806

Total pupils in Middle Schools ...... 2,010 Number of boys in Industrial School ...... 68 girls in Industrial School ...... 132

Total pupils in Industrial School ...... 200 Number of boys in Primary Schools ...... 4,754 girls in Primary Schools ...... 511

Total pupils in Primary Schools ...... 5,265

Total number of pupils in all schools ...... 1 1 ,347 Total number of Christian pupils in all schools ...... 3,019 Number of teachers, men ...... 340 “ “ women 71

Total number of Indian teachers ...... 411 Number of missionaries engaged chiefly in educational work, men ...... 6 Number of missionaries engaged chiefly in educational work, w om en ...... 8 Number of short term teachers ...... 2

Total number of missionaries in school work ___ 16

Total number of teachers ...... 427 Total expenditure ...... $70,446 Income from fees ...... $14,898 Government aid ...... 11,519 Industrial earnings ...... 9,976 Outside sources ...... 5.509 ------$41,902

Total paid from mission treasury toward schools, 1912. $28,544 246 India—Statistical Summary

VIII. MEDICAL WORK

Number of. hospitals ...... 4 Number of beds ...... 184 Number of In-patients ...... M50 Number of operations, major ...... 426 Number of operations, minor ...... 1,649 Total number of operations ___ 2,075 Number of dispensaries ...... Number of Out-patients, new ...... 53,293 Number of Out-patients,' return visits 83,376

Total attendance at dispensaries ...... 136,669 Total expenditure ...... $10,928 Amount received in fees ...... $1,109 Amount received in Gov’t aid and local receipts . 1,748 $2,857 Total paid from Mission treasury towards medical.work $8,071

IX. ZENANA WORK Number of Bible women ...... 25 Number of Zenana visits ...... 11,370 Number of Hindu and Mohammedan women under in­ struction ...... 464 Total expenditure ...... $1,686 Income from outside sources ...... 587

Total paid from Mission treasury towards zenana work, 1912 ...... $1,099

X. READING ROOMS AND BOOK WORK

Number of reading rooms ...... 10 Number of Colporteurs ...... 11 Number of Bibles and portions sold ...... 5,908 Number of other books sold ...... 5,919 Total expenditure ...... $1,087 Income from sales ...... $4T9 Income from outside sources ...... 14S $564

Total paid from Mission treasury towards reading rooms, 1912 ...... $523

XI. BUILDINGS

Number of school houses erected, 1912 ...... 5 Total cost of buildings erected in 1912 ...... $843 India—Statistical Summary. 247

XII. FINANCIAL SUMMARY

Amount received from Indian Church and people:— For Church work ...... $4,873 For school .work ...... 24,874 For medical work ...... 1,109 For book work ...... 419

Total amount received in 1912 ...... $31,275 N. B.—This is an increase of 21.7 per cent, over last year. 248 India—Statistical Summary. India—Statistical Summary.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY BY DISTRICTS, INDIA, 1912. J 1 1 1 1

D is t r ic t s 01 ' ' • 0 0 f i s è s Work Work 1 ’S Christian Christian Teaçhers Enrolment Enrolment : Christian Boys Enrolment : Christian Girls Industrial Industrial School Earnings Non-Christian Non-Christian Teachers Pees Government Government Aid Native Ordained Native Ordained Ministers Other Church Workers Adult Baptisms Members in Young People’s Societies Total Enrolment Membership Schools Membership Membership in Sabbath-schools Increase Increase by Profession Infant Baptisms Net Net Increase Christian Community Reading-rooms Bible Women Missionaries Missionaries Young People’s Societies | Book Book Sales Colporteurs Colporteurs | Total Indian Contributions to Church to 1 1 Self-supporting Congregations | | Licentiates and Students of Theology | Organized Congregations 1 1 1 1

Gujranwala . . . 13 3 7 10 7 1 2,842 492 695 146 171 6,201 1,646 5 465 4 157 41 2,361 370 70 33 54 9,361 29,717 7,124 1 2 102 Gurdaspur • • 3 5 6 9 8 7 2,166 170 *15 162 153 4,168 1,267 2 80 2 8 23 783 162 19 10 22 2,559 . . . 1,473 1 2 1 281

Jhelum • • 5 1 6 1 . 45 14 9 14 10 63 368 3 200 3 699 4 2 7 15 2,455 . . . 1,272 2 1 1 . • •

Khangah Dogran 4 3 2 8 3 2 1,425 115 44 114 181 3,210 1,366 22 440 13 133 16 312 164 48 17 2 65 . . . 388 1 . . Lyallpur . • 4 2 4 11 2 1 1,984 150 *314 91 106 3,442 1,357 1 42 . , 8 233 99 22 6 2 11 241 1 1 1 15 Pasrur v • 6 3 5 14 11 8 7,373 1,264 908 78 262 13,738 2,044 25 1,257 8 120 26 1,124 471 164 26 16 38 210 1,754 4

Pathankot . . . 2 1Í 1 269 30 *1 23 24 441 432 3 120 4 193 15 68 8 3 3,022 . . . 96 1 1 4 20 Rawalpindi . . 11 2 1 11 1 1 287 52 67 13 28 890 1,431 10 875 2 30 8 2,196 46 10 19 41 14,757 . . . 12,783 2 3 3 767 r Sangla Hill . • 9 • 3,616 61 351 61 149 5,738 585 14 280 19 371 155 35 13 4 180 . . . . • 1 « • o CO '- t Sargodha . • i 8 14 7 6 3,948 56 87 56 105 7,568 2,306 7 15 387 181 56 14 64 2 5 14 Sialkot • • 11 4 22 8 3,355 256 198 138 208 5,828 1,012 61 2,042 3 83 24 2,327 356 265 30 48 12,222 . 8,760 4 67 y Zafarwal . . 3 14 8 3 2,231 271 139 184 319 4,391 ! 792 17 345 20 411 193 54 19 3 25 511 1 * Synod’s Home Mission . - I 1 34 16 6 111 77 13 i

Grand Total . . 76 36 33 140 52 30; 29,525 2,947 2,168 1,086 1,727 54,240 14,619 170 6,453 32 531 207 11,347 2,216 803 202 209 44,695 29,927 34,656 10 25 11 1,256 1 ♦Decrease. MAP OF THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN MISSION FIELD IN INDIA.

72 73 74

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75 .Fiäk, F.ngr., K.Y. 76

EXPLANATIONS:—Main Mission Stations are in Capitals and Underscored. Other large towns,.not yet occupied, are in Capitals. Large centers, in which there are Christians, are marked by cross within circle. Villages, in which there are Christians, are marked by cross only. Other villages marked by small circle. The inset map, in upper right hand corner, shows the United Presbyterian Mission Field in relation to the whole of India. THE

12th Annual Report

OF T H E

American United Presbyterian Mission

IN

T H E SUDAN

FOR THE YEAR 1912 Sudan—Introduction 253

INTRODUCTION.

BY THE REV. J. K. GI2FEN, D.D. The work for 1912 has shown nothing unusual, although there have been many things to encourage us, and evidence of His blessing. The interest shown by several persons among the Shilluk* people and the desire of some for baptism, we count among the greatest encouragements. The report, too, that the people are taking more interest in the missionaries, and that they listen better, and attend the clinic better, all points in one direction. Professor Westermann, when he visited the Mission two years ago, predicted that the Shilluks would be very slow to come in, and still slower in accepting the Gospel. He thought that of all the native Africans that he had seen, the Shilluk was the most conservative and independent. But he added, “ They will be worth gaining.” This had been our own thought of them. Any evidence that any of them has been touched is eagerly looked for. The welcome that the missionaries received by the Nuers at the advance station, was encouraging indeed. The people really seemed glad to have them. It was no doubt largely the bene­ fits of the physician’s skill that attracted them, but even so, it is great gain to have their confidence. The difficulties that the mis­ sionaries have encountered have largely been in matters of trans­ port, and these should be overcome by the missionaries them­ selves, with the help of the -Church. A little better financing will soon remove these, along with the gaining of experience by the missionaries. No doubt the lack of what we considered proper transport has delayed the actual beginning of work; but soon there will be houses and transport, and the initial difficulties will largely disappear. It is a matter of great gratitude to us that life has been spar­ ed. There has been some illness, but no death to record, and the illness has not been of such a nature as to create any great anxiety. Considering all the conditions of life in a country like this, the health of the missionaries has been wonderfully good, with very little sickness that could be attributed to the country or the climate, and in every case there has been satisfactory recovery. Then, too, our missionaries have nearly all come re­ cently into the Sudan and are not as yet fully acclimated.

* In former Reports, the name used was Shu Ha, a close resemblance to the tribal name ockolo; but the more widely known and the now gen­ erally accepted form of the name is the one bearing an Arabic ending, namely Shilluk. 254 Sudan—Introduction.

The coming of the Rev. Ghubrial Mikhail to the congrega­ tion of Khartum has rejoiced the hearts of all. The change that has been wrought has been wonderful. It seems to us all that he is the man sent of God. The congregation has taken on new life and energy. From the beginning of the new year (1913) it has become self supporting. Besides this it has raised over $500.00 for repairs. A call has been presented to Rev. Ghubrial and we hope that in the next report we may be able to write that it was accepted. On Tuesday the 22d of October, 1912/M r. C. B. Guthrie, of Doleib Hill Station, and Miss Anna M. Barackman, of Khartum North Girls’ Boarding School, were united in marriage. It was a very nice, quiet wedding. The guests at the ceremony were the teachers and girls of the school with a very few others, and every one wished them a long and happy life. This year brought to the Mission Miss Elsie E. Grove and Mrs. Magill, who are quite an addition to the force. Also the re­ turn from furlough of Rev. G. A. Sowash and family. The lat­ ter have been placed in Omdurman, and Miss Grove in the Girls’ Boarding School for the present. Next year we hope for others. The attitude of the Government has not changed much, or at least not in outward appearance. The Mission feels very strongly the attitude of the Government in closing the store at Doleib Hill, where scores of people came every day for trading and at which an opportunity was given for instruction. Else­ where in this report the matter has been mentioned in detail. Poor crops for the past two years have made the prices of food very high. The poor people have felt it very much. The general financial state of things in the Nile Valley has been un­ satisfactory. I think that I am right in saying that there is but one merchant in Khartum of any importance who has not be­ come bankrupt within the past year or two. On inquiry of this one merchant, a few days ago, he replied, “ Generally conditions are better than they have been for some time. We are on a bet­ ter business basis than ever before. There are more substantial and permanent works being initiated by the Government than before. But there is no money. I believe that from now on the Sudan will make steady advancement; but the rate of advance­ ment will depend on the amount of capital that may be available and how that capital is invested.” This seems to me to be a fair statement of the condition of the country at large. Sudan—Evangelistic Work. 255

EVANGELISTIC WORK.

BY THE REV. J. K. GIFFEN, D.D.

STATISTICS.

Number of places where services were held ...... 12 Number of organized congregations ...... 1 Number of native (Egyptian) preachers (ordained) ...... 2 Number of church members— Men ...... 100 Women ...... 55 155 Attendance Sabbath morning services— Men ...... 262 Women ...... 189

451 Hearers in villages, but not in congregations, at Do- leib Hill, Sabbaths ...... 39 Workmen’s meetings ...... 55 94 545 Total contributions for Church purposes ...... $1,365.64

NORTHERN SUDAN.

The evangelistic work of 1912 was very much more encour­ aging than it was the year previous. All of the work of North Sudan is more or less bound up in the congregation of Khartum. The work of 19 11 is a blank page of history. The congregation was without a pastor for nearly one whole year. Previous to that, from the indiscretion of the preacher who had been here, the congregation was in a very bad state. With the coming of Rev. Ghubrial Mikhail, in October, 1912, the old wounds began to heal and there was a new life apparent. In this one man the congregation was united, and began to work. It is almost mar­ velous what they have since accomplished. The first sign of life was in the attendance at church services. And then they began to pay out their money. From the beginning of 1913 they have been independent of any financial help. They have paid their pastor’s salary and have spent over $500.00 on their church build­ ing. They put in a new tile floor, plastered the walls, glazed the windows, painted the pews and pulpit and put in electric lights. They have made out a call for the Rev. Ghubrial, and have good reason to believe that he will become their pastor. The Lord has certainly blessed them. The church is full on the Sabbath and for other meetings, and in every department life is apparent. To some extent this spirit has been felt in other places. At Athnra they have had a preacher, and with fairly good success. 256 Sudan—Evangelistic Work.

There too, life is manifest in their desire to have a church of their own to worship in. They applied to the governor of the province who gave them a very fine piece of land, just where they wished it in the town of Atbara. They have collected for a building about $700.00 from among themselves, and some from outside. A building will cost them, as estimated, $2500.00. A t Wad Medani the meetings have been carried on by the colporteur evangelist. They are reported as well attended. How­ ever there, as in every place where there is neither missionary nor native pastor, there is not much aggressive work. But this can hardly be expected so long as the Government takes the posi­ tion that missionaries must not do any “ aggressive work among Moslems.” We are told that there must be no “ proselyting” whatever they mean by that. Of course it is not possible to teach the Gospel of Jesus Christ to a Moslem and not proselyte that Moslem. That certainly is our desire: viz., that all men every­ where, may know Christ. At Haifa, Port Sudan, Dongola, Dueim and Kordofan our Evangelical Christians are keeping together and are keeping up their life in meeting together for reading the Word and for prayer, and sometimes, in exhorting one another. Were it not for this the life of these Christians would be swallowed up in the sin of the world. So far as we can see, the Government has not made much progress toward religious liberty, or rather liberty for Christi­ anity, for the Moslems have all the liberty that they could wish. The Government has not failed to place its displeasure on all sorts of mission work, or . rather, I should say, Christian mission work. On the other hand while discriminating against Christian Missions, it has made special effort to help in the propagation of the faith of Mohammed. This can hardly be supposed to be be­ cause all of our Christian Government officials have embraced the Moslem faith. It is generally supposed to be through fear, and this is the interpretation of the Mohammedans themselves. The Mohammedan might understand toleration— religious lib­ erty; but he cannot understand why Christian officials should bind the hands of Christian missionaries and give aid and coun­ tenance to Mohammedan propaganda. No more can we. From every quarter, from our own missionaries and others, from the clerks in Government service, and even from some Government officials themselves, there comes the report of the spread of Islam among the pagan tribes to the south. Traders go everywhere, robbing the people of anything that they may, or is of use to them, and at the same time by teaching, and by inter-marriage or by concubinage, are insinuating themselves and their religion among the Blacks. On a short trip up the Zaraf last year Mr. Tidrick reported that at a certain point they came across six or seven Arab traders who had been there for some time, and who had built themselves houses apparently intending Sudan—Evangelistic Work. 257 to stay. No Christian missionary is allowed to do this sort of thing. At Doleib Hill the Government closed our trading store, which had been a feature of our work from the very beginning, and which we prized most highly, and moreover, the people had also come to prize and would come from long distances to trade* with the Mission. From fifty to one hundred or more of the people would congregate there every day for the purpose of buy­ ing and selling. We very much regret that the Government has seen fit to discriminate against the Mission and the people among whom the Mission exists, in favor of a few traders that are hardly considered a blessing by anyone. YOUNG MEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. Along with all of the work, this Association has received some of the inspiration that the Rev. Ghubrial brought us. Then too, at his coming, the Copts, or at least many of them, became very friendly with us. It went so far that the Coptic priest, Aboona Morkus, was invited to address these young men. It was won­ derful to hear a Coptic priest speak as he did, and especially to a Protestant audience and in the place of the American Mission. He took for his subject, “ Pride,” and in the course of his re­ marks he said, “ It was pride that kept the Copts from accepting the teaching of the American missionaries from the very begin­ ning of their work in the Nile Valley. It was pride that sepa­ rated them from us and us from them, and formed us into two bodies of Christians, and it is pride that keeps us apart.” He then exhorted to unity of work and worship. This same priest made a dinner in honor of Rev. Ghubrial, and invited also the missionaries. I think never before have I heard of a Coptic priest thus honoring the Evangelicals. The meetings have recently been well attended and the spirit is something of the. old time spirit of good feeling and fellowship. In fact the Evangelicals at the present time are not only at peace with themselves, but with all other Christian bodies. And it is a peace not from the giving up of any principle or any thing that is held sacred and good, but rather born from the use of God’s ap­ pointed means of grace, which always begets love. We should say here that the Copts are holding meetings that are more or less evangelical, and at which the Scripture is read and explained and prayer is offered. Besides this I think I am right in remarking that there are no other meetings than those held, by the Mission and Evangelicals connected with it, in the Arabic language. 25$ Sudan—Evangelistic Work. SOUTHERN SUDAN. DOLEIB HILL.

Mr. Oyler writes that the regular service in Shilluk has been held each Sabbath. The attendance has shown a slight improve­ ment, and those who attend pay better attention. This is most encouraging, and is what we have been praying for and expect­ ing. It means very much that the missionaries are able to speak to the people in their own language. He writes further:—“The average attendance at church each Sabbath was twenty-seven. This number does not include missionaries. During the time that I was absent the visits to the villages were not continued on the Sabbath; but the average number spoken to each Sabbath while I was here has been twenty-six. The average would have been higher had I not been prevented from preaching at times on account of rains. “ For six months I had the meetings for the workmen, and the weekly attendance at these was forty. A ir of the workmen were required to attend, and sometimes there were others. Those who would not be attentive were suspended. “ Early in January a short trip was made up the White Nile, and five different villages were visited. Usually only a few peo­ ple would be found together, but occasionally larger audiences were gathered. Altogether one hundred and eighty people were addressed. Many of those we met were acquainted with the Mis­ sion through having worked here in the industrial department. They were friendly and ready to listen. “In February a trip was made by boat up the Zaraf river, primarily to explore the country. Here we met the Nuer, and it was my first visit to a Nuer village. The return trip was made overland from the mouth of the Zaraf river to the Mission, and it provided a much better opportunity to see the country than did the boat trip. The road was through Shilluk country and re­ quired a little more than a day. We passed twenty-four villages, and as nearly as we could count there were one thousand houses in the district. The night was spent at Adawng where we were very hospitably received and entertained as the guest of a former patient. “ Abdullah, who has been under instruction for some time, is asking for baptism. Also Acoquin classes himself as a Christian. Wagbil, Ashen, K ir and Loiny are all very deeply touched. Fadl-el-Moula, who used to work here, returned for, a few days and asked for religious instruction. He says that he expects to return here to work and also that he may have religious instruc­ tion. “ The people seem to have a better spirit than they used to have. They are not so critical and understand us better. They are also readier to talk about their old religion than they were Sudan—Evangelistic Work. 259 a year ago. After listening to their recitals of the results of their groping in the dark, we Can be thankful that we have an infalli­ ble guide to the things of the Spirit, and also that we have a faith of which we need not be ashamed. We know WTiom we worship; but they know not. “A large part of my timé has been spent on language. Some progress has been made, but our knowledge of the language is yet far from perfect. For four months of this year I have also had the oversight of the industrial and medical work, and this has taken much time from the regular evangelistic work. On Sabbath afternoons we have had talks with some of the men who are here for work and who really desire instruction. This is -an enjoyable time as it is so very informal. There are many oppor­ tunities to speak a personal word to the people who call or to those who work here. The great barrier is their indifference to sin. When told that all men are sinners, one man said they were not. They have not yet been convicted of sin. We pray that their wall of self-righteousness may soon be broken down.”

BEGINNING OF WORK AMONG THE^NUERS.

BY THE REV. ELBERT m 'CREERY.

Ten years ago, after his visit to the Sudan at which time he visited our Mission Station at Doleib Hill, Lord Cromer used the following words in presenting his report to both houses of Parlia­ ment:— “ I understand that the American missionaries contem­ plate the creation of another Mission post higher up the Sobat. It is greatly to be hoped that they will carry out this intention. They may rely on any reasonable encouragement and assistance which it is in the power of the Sudan Government to afford.” That which was the hope and desire of the Mission (what shall we say concerning the desire of our Lord?) was delayed for a full ten years,—a decade before the Church was ready to move. And shall we say that she was then ready? For it was in July, 1911, that the Sudan Association, with no advance ap­ propriation, said we must begin the work, but that $375.00 must meet all of the expenses. Your two missionaries to the Nuers were appointed, but it was another ten months before work could be laid down and all preparations made for the trip. The means at hand seemed very inadequate; but the Master of the vineyard was preparing all things needed. It meant a journey of 50 miles, going 200 miles beyond the nearest post- office or telegraph, on a portion of the Sobat river navigated by Government steamer for about five or six months each year. 260 Sudan—Evangelistic Work.

Two suggestions which had been made by friends in Amer­ ica more than a year before, seemed to indicate that the Lord was then preparing equipment for the new work. The first was in the form of a question as to what was our need for a launch. The second came from a man whose heart was fully in the Sudan. A smali legacy was coming into his hands for Missions and as his longing was to see the Gospel taken to the Nuers, he said that he wished this money might go for a barge or something of that nature which might be used by the missionaries in going up and down the Sobat as a carrier of the Gospel message. Well, He did provide! A small barge with one cabin and a mosquito room was fitted up by the Steamers Department of the Sudan Government at Khartum North, and a small launch was sent out from America. The barge was named The Evangel and the launch, Erskine. Special gifts came in, so that with the leg­ acy the entire cost of launch and barge was covered. Then through the interest and generosity of a friend with the Pitts­ burgh Steel Co., sufficient fencing was given us to fence in our houses when built at the new location, giving us a nice little com­ pound with each house. Truly the Lord has been good to us in the provision He has made for these temporal needs. We are truly grateful for all His goodness, and we appreciate greatly the part of the kind friends into whose hearts He has put the desire to further His cause with their means. While preparations were being made for the material side of the trip, much prayer was offered by the Mission that the Lord would prepare the way before His messengers and that He would kindly dispose the Nuers toward the missionaries. Truly these prayers were answered for from the first day among them until we came away, we were most kindly treated by them and no ill will was ever manifested toward us. People began coming to the Doctor the first day we reached Kwain-lual-twon and it was not long before he was giving more than ninety treatments a day. The first trip extended from May till September, 1912. Dur­ ing this time we lived on The Evangel which was tied up just a short distance up stream, and on the opposite bank from the old military station at Nasser, about 200 miles up the Sobat river. The start from Khartum was made with the Erskine towing the Evangel. When we had proceeded about 16 miles our batter­ ies gave out on us and no more could be secured short of Cairo. As this would take several weeks and as a Government steamer was leaving in a few days it was thought best to be taken in tow by the steamer. We were 21 days in making 750 miles. The batteries which were ordered from Egypt reached us in about six weeks after we had reached our destination. We hoped then to get some use of the launch but found out that our spark coils were poor and unreliable. We were thus deprived of the use of Sudan—Evangelistic Work. 261 the launch almost entirely during the trip. On the return trip we drifted down the Sobat, averaging about 20 miles per day. From Tewfikiah to Khartum we were again towed by a Govern­ ment steamer. We have been not a little disappointed in the launch as she is too light for our work. We hope that there may be an oppor­ tunity of selling her and of getting a craft suited to our needs. With our small barge, if we had a reliable launch that would run in. about two feet of water, we then ought to be able to have communication with the outside world practically all the year, and, in case of serious sickness, would be able to get out at least to where we could get a Government steamer. We need greatly a good, strong reliable launch and hope we may soon be able to substitute for the one we have, another which will be able to meet our needs. And now just a word on the language. During the days of preparation in Khartum we were able to get an old Nuer who had been brought down there in Dervish days. With him we made a start on the language. To begin studying a language which has never been written presents numerous difficulties. Then to make such a study of it as to be able to embody in this pagan language the Gospel message, requires not only time and patience but much painstaking. Realizing to some extent what still lies before us, before the language will be mastered, we hesitate to say very much of what has been accomplished in language work lest we give the impression that the task is nearly finished, when in reality it will be a number of years before the language will be completely under control. Having said this, however, we may add that a large amount of material has been gathered covering nearly all points of grammar. On most of these points the missionaries are now quite sure of their usage. The study of the coming year should clear up other of these points and give us a much larger store of material from which to make our deductions. As to the people, we feel that they will prove to be quite re­ ceptive. They have seemed to us to be more open to impression than the Shilluk people and we trust that through His blessing the time may not be long between the sowing of the seed and the harvest. A little story of their own idea of creation which I was able to get from one of them, was to me exceedingly interesting, be­ cause of its likeness to our own belief of the Creation. It was as follows:—“ God created heaven and the earth in one day. God created the Nuers from dust. We, the Nuers, know the place (Lich) in which God created us. God created all things except himself. Trees were created by Him. Rain was created by Him. Grass was created by Him. All things were created by God.” 262 Sudan—Evangelistic Work.

May this not be God’s point of contact from which the mis­ sionary may begin in giving them God’s own message? Will you not pray much that it may not be long before we may be able to speak to them in their own tongue, the glad news of salvation ? In a letter dated July ist, Dr. Lambie writes as follows:— “W e had not finished tieing up before the natives began coming to see us. Although the novelty has somewhat worn off by this time they still come in large numbers, sit on the bank and stare. We furnish no little amusement, judging from the amount of laughter that goes on. We soon had a visit from the sheikh oi this village, whose name is Leem. “ Inspector Wauhope told us of the governor’s wish that we do not go beyond Kadbeg. We are, as a matter of fact, just about a mile this side of it. There is no doubt that this is the center of a very large population. There is also no doubt that the Mohammedans are coming into all of this country in large num­ bers. We see some of them every day, traders who have been here or are coming and going. They all know that this is a rich field for trading. Some of them have been away beyond at Garjok and other places in the interior. It seems out of the ques­ tion to get in ahead of them now. The Church has delayed too long. This is not the time of year to visit Garjok even if we were permitted to do so, and it is a day’s journey or more in­ land. When oui* batteries come we hope to visit the Torbar dis­ trict which is about 30 miles below here and is also a very large center. A great many patients have come to us from each of these places.” Sudan—Educational Work. 263

EDUCATIONAL WORK. STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of schools for boys ...... 5 Number of schools for girls ...... 2 7 Number of teachers in boys’ schools ...... 7 Number of teachers in girls’ schools ...... 5 12 Number of pupils enrolled: Boys ...... 250 Girls ...... 168 418 Of the above there were, Christians ...... 170 Moslems ...... 216 Others ...... 32 418 Amount of fees for instruction . $859.00 .. Boarding .. 159-75

$1018.75 ' It is interesting to note that more than half of all the pupils in the schools are Moslem, and of those designated as “ others” in the above statistical table, many are also non-Christian. Be­ sides this, many of those that are denominated “ Christian” in the above table, come from homes that are Christian in name only. By this name they are distinguished from Moslems and Pagans. To be exact, only 32 of all the pupils came from real Christian homes. Another fact worthy of note is, that these schools furnished about 140 for attendance at every Sabbath morning church ser­ vice, and about 125 of these were Moslems, and this is practically all of the Moslems in attendance at the church services.

BOYS’ SCHOOLS. The Boys’ Schools are in number the same as last year, al­ though the attendance is less. On the other hand the condition of . the schools and the instruction that has been given is better than last year. Two of the schools have met with a good deal of opposition on account of their teaching the Bible and being Chris­ tian. This is rather encouraging, and yet it decreases the attend­ ance. I think that I cannot do better, concerning these boys’ schools, than to quote from the monthly reports and statements sent out from our Station Committee. 2Ö4 Sudan—Educational Work. “A t the end of May the school of Omdurman closed for two months’ vacation. All of the boys had tests,—some written and some oral—and the improvement has been very marked dur­ ing the year. This year they memorized verses from Proverbs two or three times a week. Beside this, portions of the Bible were read and explained by the teacher every morning. Even the smallest pupil at the end of the term knew many of the verses thus learned.” “ For the last of May and June school examinations were in order. The Atbara school held its examination on the 14th of June. It was a pleasure to be there. The school had enrolled during the year about 80 pupils, and with a daily average attend­ ance of about 50. For two or three years there has been an op­ position school at Atbara. It has been conducted by a Christian that was at one time dismissed from the Mission service for in­ competency and generally bad conduct. Let me explain that he is not an evangelical Christian, but a Copt; and he has done everything possible to injure our school. He has doubtless de­ tracted from the influence of the school, and reduced the num­ bers of the pupils that we might otherwise have had; but after all I think he will rather do us good, because we have the inspiration that comes from opposition, and then we have the opportunity to show good work by simple contrast.” “I was most agreeably surprised in the Atbara school. The teacher certainly deserves great credit. He had evidently taken very great pains. Before my arrival he had arranged with a Mr. Parker, an Englishman, who is chief accountant For the Gov­ ernment railways, to examine the classes in arithmetic. This was a pretty hard test for the boys. The problems were written in English and translated into Arabic by another than the master of the school. The problems were as complicated as a sentence from the London Times, and while they were within the bounds of what the pupils should know, yet were scarcely within the bounds of justice. Still several of the pupils solved all of them and all were able to solve some of them.” In like manner an Egyptian army officer was given the con­ duct of the examination of two classes in Arabic grammar. The officer was evidently an Arabic scholar, and he was also a gen­ tleman. One of the ladies of the Church Missionary Society Mis­ sion at Atbara examined the classes in English. The master himself examined some classes in geography. There were prob­ ably two hundred people present, nearly all of whom were Mo­ hammedans, and they were evidently greatly pleased. At the end of the examination there were some speeches made, some of which were just the ordinary complimentary kind, in which the Eastern speech maker delights to indulge. But one of these speeches was out of the ordinary, and came from a captain in the Egyptian army. In clear, simple and faultless Arabic he said: “ I wish to speak of three things. First I wish to say a Sudan—Educational Work. 265 word to the teacher and the pupils.” (And he spoke to them very kindly. He had two sons in the school.) “ Second, I wish to say a word to the missionary.” (He then very politely spoke of the necessity of more frequent visits to the school, and also of the advantage of having more teachers in the school.) “ I wish to speak to my brethren the Moslems. What we have seen here today should shame us, shame us as Moslems. While our sheikhs are caring for nothing but their own ease these people come over the seas to teach our sons and daughters.” And then for about five minutes he gave them such wholesome advice and such scathing criticism, that I began to tremble and to feel ashamed for the Moslems. However it was all well said and all well taken. They cheered him as he sat down. The writer has ever been an advocate of these schools, but more than ever before I give these schools the first place of im­ portance in our work. At our last meeting of Association, and at the Conference that preceded it, the poor schools received some adverse criticism. There was a great deal said about the “Government Program,” and the lack of boldness in teaching the Gospel, etc. But after all, what is the matter with the pro­ gram? I think that it is rather the Government than the pro­ gram that is all wrong. It is the spirit and the morale of the school that counts. Largely this depends on the teaching staff and not the program. These schools are not -Christless, and much less do they lend any influence for Mohammedanism. It is very difficult to secure such men as we could wish for these schools. Thé trouble is that few of those who wish to teach school are perfect. It is not easy to find young men whose ideals are up to the to'p notch. Moreover it is not easy for young men when in the face of many difficulties and discouragements to live up to their own ideals. Missionaries, from their own ex­ periences should know this, and should not have to be told it by anyone. But is it not strange that more is expected of a Christian, a native of Egypt or the Sudan, than is required of a Christian who is a native of the United States? I wish that we could give these schools more time in the superintendence. I would that we could give them better equip­ ment in men and rooms and furniture. I would like to see the best that could be done with them, for the possibilities are tre­ mendous. We make no apology for them, but we make an ap­ peal that they have more time and better support all around.

THE BOYS’ HOME. For the first time the Boys’ Home has been put on an equal­ ity with other Mission agencies. It makes a very great differ­ ence in the way we do things and what we undertake, to know that it is to be for years of time and not for the passing moment. I he Home has made progress this year. 266 Sudan—Educational Work

One boy, Rizkullah Shanudeh, who had been in the Home from the beginning, was sent to Assiut this year to continue study there. Rizkullah had given us more trouble and worry than any other boy we have had and we were glad that he has shown signs of improvement of late. Soon after going to Assiut he was admitted to membership in the church of the College. Here in Khartum we set the limit for this year at 30 boys, and the Home has been full all the year. We will not be able to increase this number unless there is an increase in our accommodation and appropriation. We have estimated for 40 boys next year in the hope that it will be granted. It is much easier now to take on new boys than it was at the beginning. Those who have been here for some time help to control the wild ones. All of the boys are poor and homeless. One little fellow who had been with us for a short time only, in April, was taken ill and sent to the hospital. Two operations were performed, but the boy died. The mother, who is a poor ignorant woman, was greatly vexed over the matter, and refused to be comforted. We were all grieved; but take comfort in the thought that we had tried to do something for the boy, and that the best we knew. This year we were able to convert an old drying shed for cement blocks into a dormitory for the boys. This has been a very great comfort to us, and a great help in keeping order and enforcing cleanliness. Previously the boys slept in the open under the sky. This method has its advantages, as there can be no lack of ventilation; but our new dormitory is so well venti­ lated that there is no danger from bad air, and it is clean and orderly as well. The sides of the building are only matting fas­ tened to studding, and extend up to within two feet of the roof. There is a roof of boards covered with ruberoide. The floor is hard, made on the earth. Not very expensive, and very simple, but we are all very happy with the accommodation that it af­ fords. There are thirty beds in this one room, and we hope to make room for ten more and have them all full before the end

of WS- ... The plan for the conduct of the Home is to maintain it on the family system; that is, just sufficient number of boys under charge of one Mission family to keep that family busy, and to hold the boys well in hand. It is essential that the missionary come into contact with the home life of the boy, that all eat at the same time and place, that the play ground be near by and can be observed at all times, and that the missionary look after the food and the beds and washing, and the clothing and dressing. In other words that as nearly as possible a home be provided for every boy, a place where any well behaved boy would like to live, and to which he will long to return. Reader, will you not help us to make this possible? Sudan—Educational Work. 267

t h e g ir l s ; b o a r d in g a n d d a y s c h o o l .

The: total* number of boarders enrolled ...... 52 . Day pupils ...... 80

Free boarders ...... 34 ^ Paying boarders ...... 18 Free day pupils ...... 20 . Paying day pupils ...... 60

Religious: Protestant Christians ...... n Copts' ...... :...... 34 Moslems ...... I 77 Others ...... 10 Nationalities: Sudanese ..... 70 Egyptians ...... 60 Syrians ...... 2

Amount of tuitions received ...... $214.62 Boarding fees received ...... 1 59-75 ------$374-37 A comparison of statistics for the past year with those of the preceding shows a decrease in the amount of tuitions received and the number of pupils enrolled. One explanation of thefor­ mer condition is that a greater proportion of free pupils have been received this year. This may seem at first thought as a retrograding condition; but when we consider the homes of that class for whom we are here primarily, the Sudanese girls, and the wages of two or three piasters a day which the bread winner receives, it speaks of accomplishing our purpose of reaching these girls. The smaller enrolment may be accounted for in different ways. The opening month and part of that preceding, Miss Barackman, with the new responsibility of the head of the school, was alone and was left little time for getting into the homes and soliciting new pupils or for urging the return of those too indif­ ferent to come unsolicited. Then an unusual amount of sickness prevailed during the year causing the loss of some; and several serious cases of sickness with an epidemic of measles in January and February took extra time and prevented our getting into the homes. There were also the removals and other causes usual in any year. There has been an encouraging increase in numbers in the opening of the new school year with a high daily average. In spite of the diminution in numbers there has been growth apparent in the lives of the girls and this, after all, is what counts. Far better that there be ten girls in school with definite results, than two hundred who leave at the end of the year un­ changed. The year has witnessed changes too, in the force of workers. We were gladdened in the fall by the addition of a new mission­ 268 Sudan—Educational Work. .

ary to our ranks, Miss Elsie Grove, and were grateful for answered prayer in behalf of Bradford, that her health per­ mitted her to return to the work. Soon after the arrival of these workers, occurred the marriage of Miss Barackman and Mr. Guthrie, on October 22nd. The ceremony was performed in our pretty chapel by Dr. J. K. Giffen, assisted by Rev. Paul J. Smith and the Rev. Ghubrial Mikhail. It was witnessed by the mission circle, the teachers of the school and the girls, and a few English friends. This fall the fourth Syrian teacher was em­ ployed, making a force more adequate to the demands of the work. We now have the satisfaction of being able to utilize the second story of our building. The rooms have been finished temporarily and a stairway provided. A neat and spacious veranda on the east of the main building not only affords com­ fort but adds greatly to its beauty. When we have the verandas on the south and west which are necessary to make the rooms habitable with any degree of comfort during the hot weather, we may well be proud of our building. The Sabbath services have continued throughout the year. The preaching service at 4 P. M. has been in charge of Dr. Gif­ fen, assisted by the Egyptian teachers of the boys’ schools. There has been an average attendance at this service of 52, with an encouraging increase in the number of boys from the adjoin­ ing Boys’ School. The average attendance at the Sabbath-school in the forenoon was 27. A service of the teachers and the mis­ sionaries was held each Sabbath evening, and was a valuable means of establishing a bond of fellowship and sympathy among the workers. We were greatly cheered and helped by the visit of Dr. Charles Watson in March. We felt that we had more than realized the blessings for which we had been praying as a result of this visit

H A L F A G I R L S ’ S C H O O L .

Number of teachers ----- Number of pupils ...... 37 Amount of fees received $233.00 This school has been open since July, 19 11, and has been very successful and helpful to all of the work. Through the influence of the school Sabbath meetings have been held for both men and women, conducted by one of the men. These services are well attended. The school has also been well patronized, and the num­ ber of pupils is as many as one teacher can well instruct. Sudan—Medical Work. 269

MEDICAL WORK

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of physicians ___ 2 Number of clinic treatments 4858 Hospital cases 14 House visits . 223 Operations .. 28 Average treatments daily 62 Total .receipts ...... $31378 The medical work for this year has suffered from various causes. At Khartum, the physician, by the direction of the Mis­ sion, spent the greater part of his time in the study of Arabic. At Doleib Hill they have had no physician, except as an occa­ sional visit was given by one passing. Even the laymen there, who had charge of the work, were hindered not a little by changes necessitated from the contingencies of the other work and workers. However the above statistics do not show all that was done, but it is as nearly all as . we were able to secure. It is under rather than over the actual work done.

NUER STATION. This is the advance station on the Sobat, and has not really been named. Dr. Lambie is the physician in charge of the medi­ cal work there, and he reports as follows:— “After more or less vicissitudes the two missionaries ap­ pointed to work among the Nuers, reached the Upper Sobat the 4th of June, 1912. Soon after we landed a man with a sore ankle wanted to know if we could give him some medicine for it. We told him to bring us a sheep and promptly the same afternoon he returned with a very nice one. Also Le'em, the village chief, asked for some medicine for his lumbago, and so the medical work was started. “ At first we had a tent to serve as the doctor’s office, but after this had twice blown down and broken our bottles and spilled our medicine, we moved to a mud hut that a trader had vacated. This did very well until the trader returned and then we had to move again. Moving did not seem to discourage the Nuers as they continued to come in increasing numbers dur­ ing our efforts to get located. “ Most of the patients had something very real the matter with them. Not fashionable diseases either. At least half of them had some more or less permanent deformity as the result 270 Sudan—Medical Work.

of their diseases. Yaws, in a peculiar form, claims a large num­ ber of victims and those who recover could scarcely be recognized by their own mothers as it destroys the whole nose and most of the upper lip if not treated. “ One day a Nuer woman and her daughter turned up from somewhere and proceeded to make a grass hut near our house boat which was tied to the shore. She worked for two days building this little round hut not more than seven feet in diam­ eter, not five feet high in the center and not more than two feet high at the sides. I did not know what she was about as we were not able to understand what she said. It was built entirely of grass, and resembled a diminutive haystack from the outside. Inside she plastered it with mud. The afternoon of the second day a strange sight might have been seen. A young man ap­ peared bearing on his head a sort of raft or stretcher-like ar­ rangement of poles tied together with ropes. On the stretcher was something that looked less like a man than any man I had ever seen before. A long body shriveled up to almost nothing in thickness and bent together so that it was impossible for him to straighten it out. The body was simply covered with ulcers. The old man’s son, for it was he who bore him on his head, carefully deposited his burden in the little grass hut that the wife and mother had been making. Some one else brought in a fat sheep and with the aid of the family the old man painfully crawled a few inches at a time to the place where I was treating the sick a few paces away. I usually refuse such cases as he seemed utterly beyond help, but his wife, and in fact the whole family, had been so faithful in getting him there, that I was in­ fluenced against my will to take him. His old wife took care of him, and she did it very tenderly, never seeming to weary of the querulous old and naked cripple. She would heat water and bathe him from head to foot, she would feed the corn stalk fire that would keep heat in his fleshless limbs, and withal seemed so cheerful and kind about it that I was deeply touched. ‘Come and put medicine on grandfather/ she would summon at least once a day. Once while she was tending him a scorpion stung her . and she came in great distress for something to relieve the pain. As a kind of last resort I gave him an injection of Salvarsan, the wonderful remedy that Dr. Ehrlic, of Germany, has recently perfected. Medicine and prayer, sometimes together, work some wonderful faith cures although the doctor’s faith was almost nothing in this case. Before we left Nasser the sores on his body were healed over but he was still very weak, and he had remained in a crouched up position for so long a time that his limbs would not straighten out and permit him to walk, A re­ port has come from him in December, 1912, that he is now able to walk about and is quite recovered. Certainly nothing! that the missionary did brought about this cure. Time after time He Sudan—Medical Work. 271 shames us for our weak faith in an endeavor to lead us out into a fuller and more uncompromising belief in his omnipotence and love. “Rain and various circumstances permitted only 54 working days in the two months and a half that we were at Nasser. The first twenty-nine days the patients treated increased from 3 to 96, the highest number reached. In these 29 days, 1527 treat­ ments were given. The last month the patients were discour­ aged by us from coming as we had our time taken up in antici­ pation of leaving and did not wish to take more on and not give them adequate attention. The number of patients many days seemed to be limited only by the time and strength of the physi­ cian/’ In a letter dated August 1st, 1912, Dr. Lambie wrote of the beginning of their work. He says:—“ We are now in the midst of the rainy season. We have been having rains almost every day during the last week, and the country is like mush. It seems to agree with the vegetation though and also the mos­ quitoes. The frog chorus at night is almost deafening and one can imagine that they make noises almost like anything. Mr. McCreery put tin around the gunwales of the Evangel and since then we have kept as dry as need be. “ The first of the month Mr. McCreery finished the one room. The windows are a source o f wonder to the people. They come in troops to look at their reflections in the glass. It is not floored nor plastered yet. It has been so damp that the walls have not dried out, so that they are not quite safe. “ Language work, medical work and experiments with the launch have taken up the rest of the time. We have been ham­ pered on the language by inability to get teachers at the time that we wanted them. Still, considerable has been done, largely by Mr. McCreery. The patients have held up very well, treat­ ments averaging 60 a day, or thereabouts, not including Sab­ baths, and have been as high as 90. I feel that the medical part of Mission medical statistics is only half of the story, and the small half at that. What has been done for the patients spirit­ ually, though not always accessible to the statistician, is probably written in large letters in God’s statistics. This only by way of emphasizing that a knowledge of the language is necessary for personal work for all lay workers. We want to ask your prayers for Divine help and guidance on this language, that we may soon be able to tell them of Him that came to sa\e, in their own words, without a translator/’ 272 Sudan—Medical Work.

STATISTICS FOR ADVANCE STATION.

Physician ...... 1 Treatments in clinics ...... 2600 Operations performed ...... 2g Average treatments per day ...... 4g Fees, 97 sheep and 2 oxen ...... $70 An average work day when 50 patients were treated, showed the following diseases in their relative prevalence: Yaws ...... 1 ...... 1 2 Trachoma with trichiasis ...... 9 Trachoma simple ...... ■ 7 Leprosy ...... 7 Syphilis ...... 6 Tuberculosis ...... 2 Unclassified ...... 7 50

DOLEIB HILL STATION.

BY T. A. LAMBIE, M.D. In the way of statistics for the medical work carried on at Doleib Hill during the year 1912, nothing very definite can be given. The medical work was carried on almost entirely by lay missionaries. The work in tropical countries, is often very puzzling to a regular physician, as the writer can testify, and it is doubly so to the lay missionary. Besides, each missionary has his own work, and but little time can be given to keeping records. In spite of the fact that Doleib Hill had the services of doctors for about two months in the year only, yet a very useful work has been done throughout the year. This was largely done by Mr. Tidrick and Mr. Oyler, assisted also by Mr. Guthrie. There are certain diseases that are rather common about the Station for which there are specific remedies and these missionaries are able to do things for the natives with these remedies of which they had knowledge, that to them were little short of miracu­ lous. The first of the year there were a number of people there who needed operations and a letter was sent to Dr. Finley of the Egyptian Mission asking him if he could come up for a short visit and help out with the patients. This he kindly consented to do, and performed a number of important operations that none of the lay missionaries felt able to attempt. Among the number operated on there was one Deng Nya Bek. He had a tubercular disease of the foot that was in very, bad shape, threatening his life. Mr. Tidrick gave him some of the medicine which “ if one smells he dies,” (Shilluk designation for chloroform) and Dr. Finley amputated the part. His health improved very rapidly after the operation and he was soon quite well. He gave Mr. Tidrick a calf which was to pay for a wooden leg, a thing which was never before seen in Foda Shulla. WAR PAINT AND COSTUMES OF SH1LLUK WARRIORS. Sudan—Medical Work. 273 The leg could not be had in Egypt so they sent to France for it. It has not yet arrived at the end of 1912, but Deng is still here waiting for it. In the meantime he hops about in quite an agile manner with the help of a stout pole which enables him to go four or five feet at a hop. In the last two years there has been a marked increase in the number of Shilluks coming to the Hill for medical treatment. Two years ago practically all of the patients were Dinkas and Nuers with only an occasional Shilluk. Now the reverse is true. It is much more satisfactory this way as formerly no one could converse or do evangelistic work with them on account of the lan­ guage barrier; but now all of the missionaries at Doleib Hill have enough of the language to enable them to do personal evan­ gelistic work with the Shilluks. A man came to the Mission saying that his son had been bitten by a snake. The young man was at a night dance, when he accidentally stepped on the snake and it retaliated by biting him. They sent for one of the native medicine men but he re­ fused to work his charm except the father should first give him a sheep. The father objected to paying in advance. Abdullah heard the conversation and told the father that if he wanted to give a sheep to give it to the Mission and get treatment there. He came to the Mission but did not offer to bring the sheep. The young man was treated and recovered. The little child of one of the medicine men had gotten one of the barbs from a head of grass stuck in his throat. His parents had taken him to several different medicine men, each of whom had extracted a sheep in payment; but they were not able to charm the straw out. Abdullah saw the father and advised him to bring the child to the Mission. When the tweezers were be­ ing put into the child’s mouth the mother was very much excited. She was not going to permit it. But when the straw was easily removed she was very grateful. We have found at the Hill that it does very little good to give the people medicine to take to their homes to use there. Often they take the bottle home and hang it up on the wall as a sort of fetich. Castor oil is of very little use as a fetich unless it is swallowed, and so we have those that are taking medicine come at least once a day and apply the fetich ourselves, although it is not always castor oil. This insures their getting at least one dose of medicine a day. It makes more work, and also makes the total number of treatments given greater than if the same number of people were treated in a more enlightened place. The writer stopped here in November and December, 1912, on his way to the Nuer Station, intending to leave the wife and children until a place could be made for them at the new station. The smallest number of treatments given on any one day during these two months .was 8, and the largest number 32; An average ' 274 Sudan—Medical Work. day was 18. During the seven weeks there were 800 treatments given. Mr. Oyler thinks that the patients treated during the year would average about 20 a day. The need for a physician at Doleib Hill is most urgent. Who will hear the call? The Lord’s work is suffering because some one has either not heard or will not heed. KHARTUM STATION.

STATISTICS. Physician ...... 1 Hospital cases ...... 14 House visits ...... ^ ...... 223 Clinic patients ...... — ...... 1558

Males ...... 955 Females ...... 840

Christians ...... 603 Moslems ...... >...... 1090 Jews ...... 102

Fees ...... $243-78 Dr. Magill reports as follows:—From March 16th to Octo­ ber 8th there was no medical work done at Khartum Station. The above figures therefore represent just a few days more than five months’ work. At the meeting of the Association in March, Dr. Magill was directed to stop medical work until October and to use the in­ terim in the study of Arabic. He was further directed begin­ ning with October, to reside in Khartum and, with the exception of two hours a day for medical work, to spend his time in the study of Arabic. It was judged best to sacrifice the work for a time in order that the language might be mastered. There seems to be good reason for believing that a doctor and nurse and trained assistants, living at the clinic and giving all their time to medical missionary work could build up an extensive and far- reaching work. A t present, cases have to be sent almost daily to the Government hospitals, because one doctor, without assistance and without a nurse, or some reliable 1person to look after pati­ ents, cannot, in justice to the patients, attempt to treat them. No form of work carried on by the Mission can reach so many people of all classes, and in so intimate a manner as the medical. The schools and preaching services, as at present con­ ducted, may reach its hundreds, but the medical work reaches its thousands, and in a way which appeals forcibly and instantly. Some of the readers of this know for themselves, how grateful is the relief when after days and nights of agony some trifling operation, like the extraction of a tooth or the opening of a felon, is done. The Sudanese have in many ways shown their appreci­ ation of such relief. Men and women earning from fifteen to Sudan—Medical Work. 275 twenty cents a day on which they must feed themselves and two or three others, have not much to give, and yet this class I find the most grateful. To help the helpless, to bring comfort and relief to those who without-our service must suffer, is the aim of this depart­ ment ; and we are confident that whatever support is given shall accomplish much good. It is only just in this report to mention that the Church Mis­ sionary Society which has been carrying on medical work in Omdurman, has a well conducted clinic, which is well attended, largely by the poorer class of people. This year they have also succeeded in securing funds for a hospital, and are to begin the erection of hospital buildings very soon. It is from these Mission clinics and missionary doctors that the great mass of the people look for relief from their pains and aches. But more than that, the kindly life and service of the physician is of more value than all his skill in administering medi­ cine and in the performing of operations. Many of the physi­ cians in the service of the Sudan Government have skill, but few of them can give the Christ life and touch, which is of the greatest value. 276 Sudan—Industrial Work.

INDUSTRIAL WORK. DOLEIB HILL.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Store expense ...... $5.307-on Store receipts ...... 5,054.00 Goods in stock ...... /-.... 1,400.00 Total receipts onthé field from all sources...... 6,544.00 Total number of laborers on the basis of one week ...... 2,264 Average present at daily workmen’s meetings ...... 55

Mr. Guthrie reports:—Through the efforts of Mr. Tidrick the store trade increased. The natives came farther and in greater numbers than ever before. Some days as many as 170 either bought or sold. The store-keeper, Ibrahim Ishkhanian. an Armenian Christian, was constantly busy. Since Mr. Tidrick left for America the other missionaries have had charge of this work. In December an order was received from the Sudan Gov­ ernment to close the store on January 1st, 1913. This stops a very effective means of reaching and influencing the people. The store drew the people away from Mohammedan traders and Mohammedan influence. Thousands who would have gone to Tewfikiah and traded with Mohammedans have traded here and then returned to their villages. This trade was constantly grow­ ing and our influence over the people by this means was ex­ tending. There was no compulsion on our part; but the people came here to work and then to trade. They preferred to trade with us although in many things our prices were higher than those of the traders. We cannot but regret the loss of this agency, which drives these people to the Arab trader, and to mingle with the immoral life of Tewfikiah. The Arab trader and the Arab trader’s methods, are always demoralising. We here wish to make our protest that the Mission has not only been deprived of an efficient agency, which it has built up at a consid­ erable cost of time and money, and also the missionaries of their rights as accorded to other free citizens of the Sudan; but the missionaries and the people have been discriminated against in favor of a few Arab traders. We feel sure that the Government is mistaken in their policy, and that they did not intend the in­ jury of the people and the destruction of the Mission work for the sake of a few traders whose presence is always a doubtful good. We cannot help but believe that the Government has in some way, by some person, been misled and misinformed, and the result and the injustice done is so apparent that they will rectify their mistake speedily. Sudan—Industrial Work. 2 77

To buy a milk cow from a Shilluk is almost an impossibility. So when the opportunity came to buy Nuer tax cows from the Government, Mr. Tidrick did so. It may surprise some of the readers of this to learn that these Sudan cows seldom give more than a quart or two of milk per day.. The old riding and Jack donkeys that have been owned by the Mission for several years, were sold and three female and a male were purchased. These were of good stock and it is hoped that donkey raising will prove profitable. The Industrial Training Building was roofed and the other work that was necessary to complete it was done by the mission­ aries with Shilluk helpers. Nyidok (Abdullah) proved to be very useful and has learned to handle some tools very well. There was much repair work on buildings that required time. Also the wind mill required much attention. During March, April and May the temperature was so high that none could work well in the sun between n A. M. and 4 P. M. The average maximum temperature for 90 days was 104 degrees. A day school was carried on for several months. All of the pupils were either workmen or children of workmen. So far it has seemed impossible to arouse enough interest so that any are willing to come from the villages. The experiment with bersim (a kind of clover or lucerne) scarcely warrants us coming to any conclusion. The orchard and garden are about as last year. 278 Sudan—Summary of Statistics.

SUMMARY OF STATISTICS, SUDAN, 1912.

WORKERS. Missionaries. Ordained ...... 5 Medical ...... 2 Industrial ...... 2 Unmarried women ...... 3 Wives of missionaries ...... 8 20 School teachers—'Men ...... 6 Women ...... 6 12 Evangelistic colporteur ...... 1 Missionaries of Synod (ordained) ...... 2

Total workërs ...... 35

EVANGELISTIC. Number of places where services were held ...... 12 Organized Congregation ...... 1 Church members—Men ...... 100 Women ...... 55 155 Attendance Sabbath morning: Men ...... 262 Women ...... 189 ------451 Church contributions ...... $ 1,365.64 f. EDUCATIONAL. Number of schools for Boys ...... 5 Girls ...... 2 7 7 Number of teachers in Boys’ Schools ...... 7 Girls’ Schools ...... 5 12 Number of pupils enrolled—'Boys ...... 250 Girls ...... 168 418 Amount of fees for tuition ...... $ 859.00 Boarding ...... 159-75 $ 1,018.75

MEDICAL. Number of patients treated ...... 485s Hospital cases ...... J4 House visits ...... 223 Operations ...... 2° Average patients daily ...... * 0 0 Medical receipts ...... $3°3-7°

EXPENDED BY THE PEOPLE FOR ALL PURPOSES. Church contributions ...... $1 »365-6-4 Educational ...... I,0n 7S Medical ...... 383-7^ $2,768.1/ Alphabetical List of Missionaries. 2/9

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries . Names. Field. Entered [ Retired Died. Acheson, Rev. J. W. Egypt. 1912 1 Acheson, Mrs. Alice B. ! 1912 Adams, Rev. C. C. (t 1908 Adams, Mrs. Nellie U 1908 Alexander, Rev. J. R., D.D. u 1875 Alexander, Mrs. Carrie 11 1876 Anderson, Rev. Wm. B. India. 1897 Anderson, Mrs. Mary B. « 1897 Anderson, Rev. W. T. W 1891 << Anderson, Mrs. Jean 1891 Oct. 3, 1892 Anderson, Mrs. Minnie C. (( n e e Parks.* Andrew, W. H. Trinidad. 1851 1851 Mar. 30, 1879 Andrew, Mrs. “ 1851 1851 Ashenhurst, Rev. J. O. Egypt. 1887 1897 Ashenhurst, Mrs. Adella A. 1897 n e e Brown.* Ayers, Rev. Ralph E. India. 1911 Ayeis, Mrs. Violet M. nee Scott.* Baird, Rev. J. W. Egypt. 1912 Baird, Mrs. Maude R. ; 1912 Ballantyne, Rev. J. W. India. ! 189Ó Ballantyne, Mrs. Blanche C. “ 1895 Banks, Rev. Joseph Trinidad. 1843 1853 April 26,1859 Barnett, Rev. James, D.D. { Syria 1846 1854 1 Egypt. 1854 1875 Oct. 2, 1884 Barnett, Mrs. Margaret L. u 1866 1875 Barr, Rev. James S., D.D. India. 1861 Barr, Mrs. Mary « 1861 May 1, 1905 Bell, Prof. Chas. S. Egypt. 1907 Bell, Mrs. Myra L. it 1907 Boyd, Rev. J. Howard H 1902 Boyd, Mrs. Mary H. 1902 Brandon, Rev.Wm. J., Ph.D. India. 1900 Sept. 24, 1911 Brandon, Mrs. H. Lillian « 1900 Brown, Montrose M., M.D. « ìyoó Brown, Mrs. Carrie M. « 1905 Caldwell, Rev. A. B. « 188 L Caldwell, Mrs. Amelia M. 1881 Caldwell, Rev. R. W. Egypt. 1911 Caldwell, Mrs. Margaret T. 1911 Campbell, Rev. E. E. India. 1904 Campbell, Mrs. Grace 1904 April 6, 1910 Campbell, Rev. J. G. << 1909 Campbell, Mrs. Mabel Y. 1909 Carson, Rev. Ralph E. f Egypt. 1895 \ The Sudan. 1902 1909 Carson, Mrs. Clifford The Sudan. 1902 1909 Chambers, Rev. Hubert C. India. 1903 Chambers, Mrs. Ethel F. << 1903 Clements, Rev. Ernest V. u 1912 Clements, Mrs. Sara E. « 1912 Coventry, Rev. Wm. R. Egypt. 1900 Coventry, Mrs. Lydia B. 1900 Oct. 31, 1909 Crawford, Rev. Frank N. India. 1912 Crawford, Mrs. Kate E. 1912

* Married tn the Mission. See pp. 284. 285, 286. 280 Alphabetical List of Missionaries.

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries —C o n t i n u e d . Namts. Field. Entered'. Retired. Died.

Crawford, Rev. John Syria. 1867 1878 1906 Crawford, Mrs. Mary B. a 1857 1878 Crowe, Rev. Osborne India. 1896 Crowe, Mrs. Sarah Jane it 1896 Cummings, Rev.Thos.F. D. D it 1890 1909 « Cummings, Mrs. Anna A. 1890 1909 Aug. 9, 1912 Currie, Rev. Ebenezer Egypt. 1865 Oct. 18, 1869 if Currie, Mrs. Nettie 1865 March 9,1866 Ewing, Rev. S. C., D.D. it 1860 April 3, 1908 Ewing, Mrs. Catharine A. it 1860 Fife, Rev. Elmer E. India. 1890 1896 Fife, Mrs. Mary S. it 1890 1896 Finley, Harry L., M.D., Egypt. 1906 Finley, Mrs. Grace G. Egypt. 1906 Finney, Rev. Thos. J., D.D. it 1882 Finney, Mrs. Nannie McC. it 1882 Frazier, Rev. James A. Syria. I 1851 Aug. 30,1868 Frazier, Mrs. Elizabeth “ 1 1851 July 29, 1851 Frazier, Mrs. Johanna it ! 1854 1868 Dec. 26, 1907 Giffen, Rev. Bruce J. Egypt. : 1903 1906 Giffen, Rev. E. Morrison 1890 1907 Giffen, Mrs. Frances M. t( 1890 1907 Giffen, Rev. John, D.D. it 1875 Gifien, Mrs. Mary E. Oct. 16, 1881 nee Galloway.* Giffen, Mrs. Elizabeth E. it nee Newlin.* ( Egypt. Giffen, Rev. J. Kelly, D.D. 1881 1900 \ The Sudan. 1900 Giffen, Mrs. Grace /Egypt. 1881 1900 \ The Sudan. 1900 Gilmor, Rev. Wm. P. Egypt. 1912 Gordon, Rev. Andrew, D.D. India. 1866 1 Aug. 13, 1887 Gordon, Mrs. Rebecca C. i < i 1865 1888 Feb. 5,1900 Gordon, David Trinidad. 1843 Dec. 24,1844 Gordon, Mrs. it 1843 1845 Gordon, Rev. David R. India. 1895 Gordon, Mrs. Grace W. “ 1895 Gordon, Mr. James W. “ 1866 1871 Gordon, Mrs. Eleanor J. it 1866 1871 Grant, Andrew F., M.D. Egypt. 1904 Grant, Mrs. Harriet H. it 1904 Guthrie, Mr. C. B. The'Sudan 1908 Guthrie, Mrs. Anna M. it it nee Barackman* Hart, Rev. Samuel G. Egypt. 1892 Hart, Mrs. 1892 Harvey, Rev. Wm., D.D. ti 1866 Nov. 20, 1908 Harvey, Mrs. Henrietta M. it 1866 Hattie, Alexander, M.D Syria. 1867 1860 Henderson, Rev. F. D. Egypt. 1906 Henderson, Mrs. A. Geno it 1911 Henry, Vellora M., M.D. it 1891 Henry, Mrs. E. Captolia tt 1891 Hickman, Prof. W. W. it 1909 Hickman, Mrs. Alice E. a 1909 Hill, Rev. R. A. India. 1856 1860 Tune 22, 1901 Hill, Mrs. «< 1866 1860 • - 9,1875

* Married in the Miulon. See pp. *84, 285, 286. Alphabetical List of Missionaries.

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries —C o n t i n u e d . Names. Field. Entered. Retired. Died.

Hogg, Rev. Hope W. Egypt. 1887 1894 Hogg, Mrs. Mary E. tt 1894 nee Work.* Hogg, Rev. John, D.D- tt 1860 Feb. 27, 1886 Hogg, Mrs. Bessie ft 1860 1888 Holliday, Rev. Thomas E. India. 1889 Holliday, Mrs. Mary Hays “ 1889 Hoyman, Mr. F. S. Egypt. 1909 Hoyman, Mrs. Loretta A. if 19 11 nee Mitchell* Hunt, Rev. James G., D.D. it 1897 Hunt, Mrs. Florida P. it 1897 Johnston, D. R., M.D. u 1868 1875 Feb. 20, 1897 Johnston, Mrs. Maggie J. tt 1868 1875 Kerr, George Trinidad. 1844 Dec. 15, 1844 Kruidenier, Rev. Jeremias Egypt. 1889 D.D. Kruidenier, Mrs. Henrietta tt 1889 Kyle, Rev. H. J. India. 1895 1899 Kyle, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth u 1895 1899 Laing, Rev. A. M. 1911 « i Laing, Mrs. Margaret C. 1 nee Hormel* ) I Lambie, Thomas A., M.D. The Sudan ! 1907 Ì Lambie, Mrs. Charlotte tt tt 1909 | nee Claney* i Syria. 1851 1857 Lansing, Rev. Gulian, D.D. \ Egypt. 1857 Sept. 12, 1892 f Syria. ! 1851 1857 Lansing, Mrs. Maria G. \ Egypt. i 1857 July 6, 1865 Lansing, Mrs. Sarah B. Egypt. Nov. 26,1889 nee Dales.* Lansing, Elmer E., M.D. Egypt. 1884 1888 June 1, 1898 Lansing, Mrs. Hattie E. 1884 1888 Lytle, Rev. D. S. India. 1881 Nov. 8, 1899 Lytle, Mrs. Isabella G. “ 1881 1900 1912 McArthur, Rev. J. A. India. 1904 McArthur, Mrs. Sue C. it nee White* McCague, Rev. Thos. Egypt. 1854 1861 McCague, Mrs. Henrietta tt 1854 1861 Mar. 24, 1902 McClanahan, Rev. Neal tt 1909 McClanahan, Mrs. Jennie S. a 1909 McClenahan, Prof. Robt. S. tt 1897 McClenahan, Mrs. Marg’t J. 1897 McClenahan, Rev. W. L. tt 1898 McClenahan, Mrs. Jessie J. tt March 4,1906 nee Hogg.* McClure, Rev. Robt. Reed India. 1897 April 27,1900 McClure, Mrs. Alice E. it 1897 McConnelee, Rev. John A. tt 1895 McConnelee, Mrs. Alma C. tt 1895 McCreery, Rev. Elbert The Sudan. 1006 McCreerjr, Mrs. Hannah ( ( it nee McLean* McFarland, Rev. K. W. Egypt. 1892 1901 McFarland, Mrs. Anna H. 1892 1901 McGill, Rev. Ralph G. tt 1905 McGill, Mrs. M. Flora. tt 1906 McKee, Rev. Jas. P., D.D. India. 1870 1894 Nov. 1. 1899 McKee, Mrs. Margaret «1 1870 1894 ♦Married in the Mission. See pp. 284, 285, 286. 282 Alphabetical List of Missionaries.

.A lphabetical L i s t o p M issionaries —C o n t i n u e d . Names. Field. Entered Retired. Died.

McKelvey, Rev. Joseph China. 1868 1870 Aug. 24, 1910 McKelvey, Mrs. Adelaide 1868 Nov. 20, 1868 McKelvey, Rev. Wm. M. | India. 1902 McKelvey, Mrs. Cora M. 1902 f Egypt. McLaughlin, H. T., M.D 1898 1900 \ The Sudan. 1900 /Egypt. McLaughlin, Mrs. Lena 1898 1900 \T h e Sudan. 1900 March 2, 1911 Magill, Hugh R., M.D. The Sudan. 1904 1909 1911 Magill, Mrs. Marian F. ti it 1912 Martin, Rev. J. Howard ,D. D. India. 1889 Martin, Mrs. Elizabeth “ 1889 Martin, Rev. Samuel, D.D. “ 1866 Dec. 24, 1910 Martin, Mrs. Lydia L. “ 1866 Dec. 3, 1886 Maxwell, Rev. Robert “ 1900 Maxwell, Mrs. Maud Pollock ; “ 1900 Mercer, Rev. W. D. “ 1912 Mercer, Mrs. Irene C. “ 1912 Moore, W. T., M. D. I Egypt. 1910 Moore, Mrs. Alicia B. ! “ 1910 Morrison, Rev. George W. j India. 1887 1902 Morrison, Mrs. Edna j “ 1887 April 7, 1890 Morrison, Mrs. J. L. i “ 1902 nee McGarey* ! Morton, Rev. J. H. India. 1901 April 29,1910 Morton, Mrs. Mary Edith “ 1901 Murch, Rev. Chauncey, D.D Egypt. 1883 Oct. 15, 1907 Murch, Mrs. Amelia S. “ 1883 ; 1908 Nesbitt, Rev. H. S. India. 1904 Nesbitt, Mrs. Elizabeth India. 1904 i Nevin, Rev. J. C. China. 1860 j 1878 May 14,1913 Nevin, Mrs. Amanda S. “ 1860 I Sept. 27, 1867 Nevin, Mrs. Kate “ 1871 j 1878 Nichol, Rev. A. M. Egypt. 1874 | 1884 July 20, 1887 Nichol, Mrs. Emma C. “ 1874 1884 May 21, 1904 Nichol, Rev. Wm. M. “ 1889 ! 1899 Nichol, Mrs. Laura K. “ 1889 1 July 17, 1890 Nichol, Mrs. Amanda E. “ 1899 nee Jamieson.* Nicoll, Prof. Wm. E. India. 1901 Nicoll, Mrs. Clara Blanche “ 1901 Oyler, Rev. D. S. The Sudan 1909 Oyler, Mrs. Lillian J. “ “ 1912 nee Pieken* Patterson, Rev. J. F., M.D. Syria. 1872 1877 ! Mar. 23, 1882 Patterson, Mrs. Isabella M c D. “ 1872 1877 I Paulding, J. G., M.D. Syria. 1846 1856 ! April 30, 1875 Paulding, Mrs. 1845 1856 , Philips, Rev. H. E., Ph.D. Egypt. 1908 Philips, Mrs. Daisy 1908 Picken, Rev. Samuel S. India. 1909 Picken, Mrs. Mary L. 1909 Pinkerton, Rev. B. F. Egypt. 1865 1869 Pinkerton, Mrs. Fidelia 1865 1869 1871 Pollock, A. W „ M.D. 1903 Pollock, Mrs. A. W. 1903

* Married in the Mission. See pp. 284, 285, 286. Alphabetical List of Missionaries. 283

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries —C o n t i n u e d .

Names. Field. Enterea Retired Died.

Porter, Rev. E. L. India. 1891 Porter, Mrs. Jane L. “ 1891 March 7,1894 Porter, Mrs. Winifred L., ti 1895 Porter, Prof. Wm, L., it 1905 1911 Porter, Mrs. Carolyn B. ti 1905 1911 Ranson, Rev. A. J. 1909 Ranson, Mrs. tt 1909 Reed, Rev. W. H. Egypt. 1895 Reed, Mrs. B. E. 1896 Roy, Rev. Mark S. 1911 Roy, Mrs. Ida B. it 1911 Rule, Rev. A. H. 1872 1878 Rule, Mrs. Jennie M. “ 1872 1873 Russell, Prof. Chas. P., it 1907 Russell, Mrs. Margaret G. it 1911 Scott, Rev. John Trinidad. 1845 1846 Aug. 4, 1877 Scott, Mrs. « 1845 1846 Scott, Rev. T. L., D.D. India. 1874 Scott, Mrs. Mary A. “ 1874 Oct. 25, 1880 Scott, Mrs. Anna E. it 1882 Smith, Rev. Paul J. The Sudan 1911 Smith, Mrs. Ida May u a 1911 f Egypt. Sowash, Rev. Geo. A. 1896 1903 \ The Sudan. 1903 Sowash, Mrs. E. J. Egypt. 1896 Sept. 4, 1900 Sowash, Mrs. Katherine The Sudan. 1903 Stevenson, Rev. E. H. India. 1856 1868 Sept. 10, 1880 Stevenson, Mrs. 1856 i 1863 Sept. 30, 1907 Stewart, Rev. Harris J. « 1911 ! Stewart, Rev. J. H. “ 1908 j Stewart, Mrs. Euphemia “ 1 1908 ! Stewart, Rev. Robert, D.D. 1881 , Stewart, Mrs. Eliza F. 1881 nee Johnston.* f Egypt. 1866 1876 Strang, Rev. David, D.D. 1 “ 1896 I 1906 1866 Strang, Mrs. Gamella f “ ! 1876 I " 1896 Sept. 6, 1896 Strang, Mrs. Mary F. Egypt. 1900 1906 Thompson, Mr. Andrew Trinidad. 1847 ; 1849 Thompson, Rev. A. A. Egypt. 1906 ! Thompson, Mrs. Lydia M. 1906 ! Thompson, Rev. F. Scott it 1911 ! Thompson, Mrs. Carrie May ti 19 11 ! Thompson, Rev. J. S. India. 1894 1898 Thompson, Mrs. Mary Maud a \ 1894 1898 Tidrick, R. W. The Sudan j 1906 i Tidrick, Mrs. S. Luella U ti | 1908 Walker, Rev. R. W. Egypt. 1904 Walker, Mrs. Elizabeth M. 1 1905 nee McCrory,* Watson, Rev. Andrew, D.D. « 1861 Watson, Mrs. Margaret ti 1861 White, Rev. J. P. it 1894 1900 White, Mrs. Anna May “ 1894 1900 Wilson, Charles A. 1905 Wilson, Mrs. Maude M. “ i 1905 Work, Rev. S. A. U i 1904 Work, Mrs. S. A. “ 1 1906 Zwemer, Rev. S. M., D. D.f “ 1912 ¿wemer, Mrs. Amy E. “ 1912 * Married in the Mission. See pp. 284, 285, 286. T Missionary associated through the courtesy of the Reformed Church in America. 284 Alphabetical List of Missionaries.

Alphabetical List of Missionaries— C o n t i n u e d . Un m a r r ie d W o m en . Names. Field. Entereit Retired Died. Alexander, Miss Minnie R. India. 1906 Anderson, Miss Emma D. tt 1881 Atchison. Miss Alda B. Egypt. 1904 Barackman, Miss Anna M.* The Sudan. 1909 Barnes, Miss Ella M. Egypt. 1911 Beatty, Miss Minnie E. India. 1912 Beatty, Miss Roma tt 1909 Bell, Miss Margaret A. Egypt. 1901 Bennett, Miss Hazel India. 1908 Beveridge, Miss Margaret A. Trinidad. 1843 1845 Boyd, Miss Myra L. Egypt. 1902 1906 Bradford, Miss Fannie G. The Sudan. 1907 Brotherston, Miss Lena S. India. 1906 Brown, Miss Adella A.* Egypt. 1886 Brown, Miss Grace 44 1894 1902 Buchanan, Miss Carrie M. a 1893 j Buchanan, Miss Lois India. 1910 Cabeen, Miss Ida L. Egypt. 1909 Calhoun, Miss Eliza India. 1869 1884 Campbell, Miss Mary J. “ 1884 Campbell, Miss T. M. Egypt. 1870 1878 Claney, Miss Charlotte J * gt 1905 1909 Cleland, Miss Anna Laura India. 1903 Connor, Miss Harriet M. Egypt. 1880 1892 Corbett, Miss Kate M. India. 1886 Sept. 2 6,1913 Cowden, Miss Mary H. (( 1905 Criswell, Miss Anna Belle. Egypt. 1905 Dales, Miss Sarah B.* f Syria. 1854 1858 I Egypt. 1858 Nov. 26, 1889 Dickey, Miss Sallie E. India 1895 1907 Dickey, Miss Cora B. Egypt. 1896 1907 Dickey, Miss Mabel B. tt 1912 Dickson, Miss Laureila G. India. 1897 Drake, Miss N. Belle, M.D. Egypt. 1903 1908 Embleton, Miss M. M. India. 1891 1907 Ferner, Miss Helen J. Egypt. 1900 Finney, Miss Minnehaha ti 1894 f Syria. Frazier, Miss Mary A. 1876 1877 I Egypt. 1878 1898 French, Miss Elsie M. 1909 Fulton, Miss Edith M. India. 1894 Mar. 80, 1906 Galbraith, Miss M. E. China. 1875 1876 Galloway, Miss M. E.* Egypt. 1875 Oct. 16, 1881 Gibson, Miss Jennie L. it 1908 May 15, 1905 Gilbakian,Miss Agavnie,M. D India. 1907 Given, Miss Annie F. it 1886 1896 Gordon, Miss Elizabeth G. it 1855 1900 Gordon, Miss Ella M. i t 1898 Gordon, Miss Euphemia E. tt 1881 1889 Grove, Miss Elsie E. The Sudan. 1912 Hadley, Miss Nancy A. India. 1904 Hamilton, Miss Anna M. tt 1902 Hamilton, Miss Laura B. ti 1908 Hammond, Miss Alfaretta Egypt. 1904 Hart, Miss Sarah tt 1861 June 28,1869 Heston, Miss Winifred India. 1910 E.T.,M.D.

•Married in the Mission. See pp. »79-383. Alphabetical List of Missionaries. 285

Alphabetical List o f Missionaries— Continued. U n m a r r i e d W o m e n . Names. Field. Entered. Retired. Died.

Hill, Miss Kate A. India. 1896 Hogg, Miss Jessie J.* Egypt. 1887 March 4,1905 Hogg, Miss Rena L. 1899 Hopkins, Miss Jeannette India. 1912 ■ Hormel, Miss Margaret C.* a 1909 Hosack, Miss Isabel Egypt. 1912 1 Jameson, Miss Flora J. India. 1903 j ! Jamieson, Miss Amanda E.* Egypt. 1892 ! j Johnston, Miss Eliza F.* U 1869 1 1881 ! Johnston, Mrs. S. E., M.D. India. 1890 i ! April 9, 1902 Kerr, Miss Mary Egypt. 1908 i Kyle, Miss Ella O. if 1883 I June 5, 1912 Kyle, Miss Mary India. 1904 Laing, Miss Olive R. “ 1912 ; Lawrence, Miss Elizabeth it 1909 Lawrence, Miss Mary A. it 1893 1 Lawrence, Miss C. C., M.D. Egypt. 1896 ; Lockhart, Miss Maggie G. 1874 1 1878 ! June 6 882 Logan, Miss Mary E. India. ! 1891 McCahon, Miss Elizabeth India. 1876 McCall, Miss Trinidad. ! 1851 1851 i McClenahan, Miss Eula Egypt. ; 1908 f McClure, Mrs. Alice E. India. ! 1900 1 McConaughy Miss Anna M. Egypt. j 1903 ! McConnell, Miss Lillian A. India. ! 1902 ! McCracken, Miss Lois A. Egypt. ; 1912 McCrory,Miss Elizabeth M* 1906 McCullough, Miss Rose A. India. 1879 McDowell, Miss L. J. Egypt. 1892 1912 : McGarey, Miss Lavina J.* India. > 1889 1 : McIntyre, Miss Aulora R. The Sudan. 1911 McKown, Miss Martha J. Egypt. 1860 1894 j Jan. 30, 1897 McLean, Miss Hannah C.* The Sudan. 1906 i McMillan, Miss Adelle Egypt. 1896 i j Mar. 10, 1907 McMillan, Miss Carol. E. « ! 1906 : j Martin, Miss E. Josephine India. 1895 j Martin, Miss Fannie C. f t 1896 1 Martin, Miss Jennie E. ft { 1906 . Martin, Miss Mary R. ft 1890 1 Martin, Miss E. Roxy Egypt. 1901 ! Mason, Miss Olive T. 1912 1 Minger, Miss Emma M. India. 1902 ! Mitchell, Miss Loretta A.* Egypt. 1909 1 Mitchell, Miss Zella W. K 1902 1906 | Moore, Miss Henrietta India. 1898 1 Morrison, Miss Jennie B. it 1896 I Newlin, Miss Elizabeth E * Egypt. 1880 Paden, Miss Marion A. << 1902 Parks, Miss Minnie C.* India. 1891 , Pattison, Miss Mary M. Egypt. 1912 Pieken, Miss Lillian J. * u 1907 1918 Platter, Miss Mary A., M.D. India. 1894 1908 Scott, Miss Violet M.* f t 19 11 Simpson, Miss J. Phandora, ft 1902 M.D. Smith, Miss Margaret A. Egypt. 1872 Smith, Miss Nellie C. a 19 11 Spencer, Miss Nannie J. India. 1894 * Married in the Mission. See pp. 279-283. 286 Alphabetical List of Missionaries.

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries —C o n t i n u e d .

U n m a r r i e d W o m e n . Xam fs. Field. Entered. Retired.

Strang, Miss Isabella Egypt. 1878 1887 Strang, Miss Matilda ti 1886 1894 Teas, Miss E. Dorcas ti 1896 Thompson, Miss Anna Y. « 1871 Underwood, Miss Alice B. « 1902 1904 Walker, Miss Laura B. it 1904 Watson, Miss Anna B., M.D. it 189« Welsh, Miss M. E. India. 1869 1872 White, Miss Josephine L. » 1884 White, Miss Maria, M.D. it 1886 White, Miss Sue Cooper.* it 1906 Whitely, Miss Lora B. it 1911 Williams, Miss Roe O. Egypt. 1911 Wilson, Miss Cynthia E. India. 1875 Wilson, Miss Margaret M. 1904 Wilson, Miss Rosa T. 1886 Work, Miss Bertha B. it 1904 1908 Work, Miss Mary E.* Egypt. 1890 Work, Miss Ruth A. ti 1904 Young, Miss Susan A. India. 1891

* Married in the Mission. See pp. 279-283. Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer. 287 APPENDIX A. TREASURER’S REPORT For year ending April 30th, 1913 STJMMAHT RECEIPTS. SCHEDULE A. Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. Presbyteries ...... $222,086 43 Sabbath Schools ...... 13,722 76 Individuals ...... 10,482 50 Young People’s Societies ...... 4>643 54 Bequests ...... 10,398 70 Ladies’ Missionary Societies ...... 291 75 Interest ...... 1,265 25 Endowed Funds Income ...... 1,724 97 Miscellaneous Funds ...... 9,478 16 Total Appropriation ...... $274,094 06 SC H ED U LE B. Women’s Board— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly ...... 97,683 52 SCHEDULE C. Endowed Funds, Principal and Income and Miscellaneous Funds— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly ...... 76,275 70 SCHEDULE D. Investments and Loans— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly ...... 48,269 40

Total from all Sources ...... $496,322 68 Balance in Egypt from preceding fiscal year merged into this year ...... 4,497 05 Balance in India from preceding fiscal year, merged into this year ...... 2,006 91 Balance in Sudan from preceding fiscal year, merged into this year ...... 5,816 51 Balance, April 30, 1912 ...... 10,274 54

$518,917 69 DISBURSEMENTS. SCHEDULE A. Egyptian Mission ...... ,$163,525 36 SC H ED U LE B. India Mission ...... 151,499 62 SCHEDULE C. Sudan Mission ...... 36,115 50 SCHEDULE D. Expense of Missionaries outside of Fields...,. 32,008 09

SCHEDULE E. Miscellaneous Funds 6,100 59 SC H ED U LE F. Interest on Loans and A nnuities ...... 4,559 26 SC H ED U LE G. Administrative Expenses ...... 17,336 88 SCHEDULE H. Investments and Loans 69,213 25

Total Disbursements ...... $480,358 55 Balance, General Fund, April 30, 191S.... 38,559 14

$518,917 69 288 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer.

D E T A ILE D STATIEIMilEIsrT RECEIPTS. SCHEDULE A. Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly— Sect. 1—From Direct Contributions— Presbyteries ...... $222,086 43 Sabbath Schools ...... 13,722 76 Individuals ...... 10,482 50 Young People’s Societies ...... 4,643 54 B equests ...... 10,398 70 Ladies’ Missionary Societies ...... 291 75 Interest ...... 1,265 25 ------$262,890 93 Sect. 2—Endowment Funds Income— Sterrett and Agnes Cummins Memorial Fund $ 59 40 James Junk Fund ...... 300 00 Ella Jane Dysart Fund ...... 30 00 L. and M. E. A. Fund ...... 60 00 James S. McNary Fund ...... 195 00 Mary L. Pratt Fund ...... 18 00 Mary Sterritt Memorial Fund ...... 28 58 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund ...... 39 00 Mrs. Jane E. Mack Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 E liza Christie Fund ...... 459 99 Joseph and Eliza Barr Memorial Fund 95 00 Elizabeth Adair Currie Fund ...... 120 00 James and Agnes Sankey Memorial Fund.... 60 00 R ev. W. W. Barr, D.D., Memorial Fund 30 00 Robertson Memorial SSind ...... 30 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial Scholarship... 50 00 Mrs. Agnes A. Clark, Jessie and Mary Clark Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Thom as S. and M ary J. M cClanahan M em ­ orial Fund ...... 60 00 McCarrell-Moore Fund ...... 30 00 ------1,724 97 Sect. 3— Miscellaneous Funds— Sudan Fund ...... $ 2,853 12 New Missionaries Fund ...... 5,661 79 Matured Annuity Donation ...... 963 25 ------9,478 16 Total on Appropriation of the General A ssem bly ...... $274,094 06

SCHEDULE B. WOMEN’S BOARD Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. Egyptian Mission— Salaries ...... $ 15,190 00 Furlough Salaries ...... 2,210 00 E stim ates ...... 17,414 00 , Specials ...... 597 00 T ra velin g E xpen ses ...... 2,423 00

India Mission— Salaries ...... 19,670 00 Furlough Salaries ...... 1,890 00 E stim ates ...... 15,972 00 Specials ...... 13,810 61 Traveling Expenses ...... 2,526 01 Allowance to Children ...... 200 00 Sudan Mission— ¡Salaries ...... 00 Furlough Salaries ...... 120 00 E stim ates ...... 00 Traveling Expenses ...... 67t> 97 683 52 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer. 289

SCHEDULE C. Endowed and Miscellaneous Funds— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assem bly. Sect. 1— Endowed Funds, Principal— Annuity Fund ...... 20,800 00 Kenneth Wilson Smith Memorial Fund ...... 250 00 McCarrell-Moore Fund ...... 1,000 00 Nelson Pratt Memorial Fund ...... 1,000 00 Sect. 2—Endowedo rr . ^ Funds,^ ^ .Income— ? 23-050 00 Rev. John B. Dales, D.D., Semi-Centennial Fund 250 00 Mrs. Eliza J. Dales Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Mr. and Mrs. Geo. S. Brush Endowment Fund ...... 60 00 Egyptian Trust Fund ...... 1 7 1 oi John S. Fowler Egyptian Orphanage Fund ...... 594 61 Wallace Kidd Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Matthew Nickle Me'morial Fund in Trust ...... 51 00 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 764 82 Margaret Wilson Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Robert Dwight Foster Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,129 84 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... '672 97 Pressly Memorial Fund ...... 332 S7 Campbell B. Herron Memorial Fund ...... 180 00 Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial Fund ...... 210 00 Annuity Fund; General ...... 2,013 46 Annuity Fund, Special ...... 440 00 Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund ...... 42 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial Bed ...... 50 00 Charity Porter Memorial Fund ...... 57 0'.' ------$ 7,229 58 Sect. 3—Miscel'aneous Funds— Specials to Egypt ...... $ 1,171 66 Girls’ College, Cairo ...... 2,000 00 Assiut College ...... 9,900 00 Library Endowment Fund, Assiut College ...... 1,150 00 Pressly Memorial Institute, Income Riverside Irrigation District Bond ...... 15 00 Ella O. Kyle Memorial ...... 1,000 00 Specials to India ...... 3,008 77 India Famine Orphans’ Fund ...... 62 85 Sargodha Mission School Buildings ...... 230 00 Martinpur School, India ...... 151 30 Special Bequest to India, Estate o J. L. Browne, Deceased ...... 2,000 00 Urdu Psalter Fund, India ...... 66 00 Nelson Pratt Boys’ School, Martinpur, India ...... 1,000 JO Specials to Sudan ...... 265 00 James A. Elliott, Sudan Boat ...... 50 00 Sudan Orphanage ...... 45 00 Robert Arthington Donation ...... 1.22S 10 Semi-Centennial Fund ...... 10 00 Ladies’ Missionary Societies, for account Women's Board ...... 357 25 Miss Lyda F. Lantz Special ...... 300 00 Special Traveling Refund ...... 32 40 Women’s Board for Account of First Wilkinsburg, Pa., Congregation ...... 600 00 Women’s Board for Account of Piqua, Ohio, Y. P. C. U. 10 00 Elm Grove Cemetery Stock Income ...... 40 50 China Famine Relief Fund ...... 69 05 Special Furlough Account ...... 20 00 ? 24 7g2 gg

Sect. 4—Special School Funds— Gujranwala, India ...... $ 18,741 01 , Alexandria, Egypt ...... 2,472 23 * B y $ 21,213 24 2Q0 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer.

SCHEDULE D. Investments and Loans— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General A ssem bly. Matured Mortgages ...... $ 11,769 40 L oans ...... 36,500 00 ------$ 48,269 40

DISBURSEMENTS, SCHEDULE A. Egyptian Mission— Remitted and paid for Egyptian Account...... $141,432 72 Specials to Egypt ...... 1,768 66 John S. Fowler Egyptian Orphanage ...... 594 61 Pressly Memorial Institute ...... 347 87 Girls’ College, Cairo ...... 2,000 00 Assiut College ...... 9,900 00 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,129 84 Egyptian Trust Fund ...... 171 01 Campbell B. Herron Memorial Fund ...... 180 00 Wallace Kidd Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Eliza J. Dales Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Rev. John B. Dales, D.D., Semi-Centennial Fund.... 125 00 Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial Fund ...... 210 00 Pressly Fund ...... 242 92 Theological Seminary Endowments ...... • 500 00 Robert Dwight Foster Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Rev. W. W. Barr, D.D., Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial Bed ...... *. 50 00 New School, Alexandria ...... 2,472 23 Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund ...... 42 00 Library Endowment Fund, Assiut College ...... , . 1,150 00 Charity Porter Memorial Fund ...... 28 50 Ella O. Kyle Memorial ...... 1,000 00 —------$163,525

SC H ED U LE B. India Mission— Remitted and paid for India Account ...... $111,704$111,704 00 Specials to India ...... 16,319 38 India Famine Orphans ...... 62 85 Gujranwala School ...... 15,985 50 Gujranwala Boarding School ...... 2,755 51 Archibald Lendrum F und ...... 764 82 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... 306 76 Rev. John B. Dales, D.D., Semi-Centennial Fund. 125 00 Sargodha Mission School Buildings ...... 230 00 Charity Porter Memorial Fund ...... 28 50 Martinpur School ...... 151 30 Special Bequest ...... 2,000 00 ; Urdu Psalter Fund ...... 66 00 Nelson Pratt Boys’ School ...... 1,000 00 ------$151,499 62

SC H ED U LE C. Sudan Mission— Remitted and paid for Sudan Account ...... $ 32,914 00 Specials to Sudan ...... 1,330 97 James A. Elliott Sudan Boat ...... 50 00 Margaret Wilson Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Robert Arthington Fund, Paid Dietrich, Reimer and E rnst ...... 937 17 Sudan Orphanage ...... 45 00 Bequest, Estate of Josephine C. Stiles, Deceased 778 36 ______;_____$ - 36,115 50 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer. 291

S C H E D U L E D. Expense of Missionaries Outside of Fields— Traveling Expenses, Egyptian Missionaries ...... ; ____ $ 6,011 10 Traveling Expenses, India Missionaries ...... 5,797 42 Traveling Expenses, Sudan Missionaries ...... 2,205 45 Outfit, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 450 00 Outfit, India Missionaries ...... 900 00 Outfit, Sudan Missionaries ...... 150 00 Tuition Allowance, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 432 76 Tuition Allowance, India Missionaries ...... 570 00 Furlough Salaries, Egyptian Missionaries ...... 6,216 30 Furlough Salaries, India Missionaries' ...... 7,376 07 Furlough Salaries, Sudan Missionaries ...... 620 00 Children of Egyptian Missionaries ...... 250 00 Children of India Missionaries ...... 928 69 Children of Sudan Missionaries ...... 100 00 ------$ 32,008 09

SCHEDULE E. Miscellaneous Funds— Samuel Kerr Fund, Annuity Interest ...... $ 373 00 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund in Trust ...... 51 00 Legal Expenses ...... 26 70 T axes ...... 39 75 Insurance ...... 9 36 Emergency Fund ...... 1,245 14 Special Account, Prof. W. H. Merriam ...... 925 00 Special Allowance, Mrs. H. L. Brandon ...... 500 00 Million Dollar Committee Expense ...... 1,701 49 Million Dollar Committee Expense, Special Publicity... 213 20 Women’s Board Account, First Wilkinsburg, Pa., Con­ gregation .7 ...... 600 00 Women’s Board Account, Piqua, Ohio, Y. P. C.U 10 00 Women’s Board Travel to New Wilmington Conference 25 85 Travel to World in Baltimore ...... 27 34 Medical Examination ...... 23 33 China Famine Relief, Paid Jacob H. Schiff,Treasurer 84 22 M iss C. M. W . F oster T rust Fund ...... 60 00 Genera! Assembly Traveling Expense ...... 185 21 ------$ 6,100 59

SCHEDULE F. Interest— On L oans ...... 1,895 80 On Annuities ...... 2,013 46 On Annuity, Special 650 00 ------$ 4,559 26

SCHEDULE G. Administrative Expenses— Salary, Corresponding Secretary ...... 2,500 00 Salary, Treasurer ...... 500 00 Salary, Associate Secretary ...... 2,000 00 Traveling Expenses, Corresponding Secretary ...... 154 79 Traveling Expenses, Associate Secretary ...... 385 79 Clerical Allowance, Corresponding Secretary ...... 3,571 49 Clerical Allowance, Treasurer ...... 746 00 Laymen’s Missionary Campaign ...... 973 02 Printing, Postage, Rent, Office and General Expenses.. 6,299 72 Miscellaneous Expenses, General ...... 206 07 ------$ 17,336 88

S C H E D U L E H. Investments ...... $ 32,863 25 Loans Repaid ...... 36,350 00 ------$ 69,213 25 292 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer.

INDEBTEDNESS. s Due Reserve Fund ...... $43,374 52 D ue by M issions, etc...... $ 5,446 18 Outstanding Loans, etc. ... 39,327 91 Cash Balance, April 30, 1913 38,559 14 Deficit, April 30, 1913 ------38,697 11 $82,702 43 $82,702 43

SECURITIES AND INVESTMENTS, APRIL 30th, 1913. First Mortgage on Property Knox St., Germantown, Phila...... $2,500 00 219 S. L ex St., P h ila d e lp h ia ...... 4,000 00 “ 5010 Franklin St., Frankford, Phila. .. 3,500 00 “ 5024 Franklin St., Frankford, Phila. .. 3,500 00 “ 1122 Fillmore St., Frankford, Phila. .. 2,000 00 N. E. cor. Howard & P alm er Sts., Phila. 30,000 00 Friendship Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa...... 3,300 00 “ Chartiers Ave., McKees Rocks, Pa... 4,000 00 West P&rk, McKees Rocks, Pa...... 1,250 00 “ Forbes St., Pittsburgh, Pa...... 2,500 00 “ Russelwood Ave., McKees Rocks, Pa... 1,200 00 “ Russelwood Ave., McKees Rocks, Pa... 1,400 00 Orchard St., Esplen, Pa ...... 2,500 00 Heisel St.. Homestead, Pa...... 6.000 00 Jackson St., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa. 3,500 00 Tacoma St., 21st Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa. 3,500 00 W. Carson St., Pittsburgh, Pa...... 3,000 00 “ Ninth Ave., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa. 3,500 00 “ Ridge & Monroe Aves., Chartiers Township, Pa...... 3,500 00 Freeland St., 18th Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa. 2,800 00 “ Stanton Ave., Pittsburgh, P a ...... 1,400 00 Sycamore St., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, P a ...... 2,500 00 Creston, Nebraska ...... 6,000 00 “ Perrysville & Prospect Aves., Ben A von, P a ...... 3,600 00 “ Bellaire Ave., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa. '...... 3,500 00 Mathilda & Yew Sts., Pittsburgh, Pa. 1,500 00 “ Hillsboro St., 20th Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa...... 1,200 00 “ 1918 Perrysville Ave., N. S., Pitts­ burgh, P a ...... 3,000 00 Devilliers St., 5th Ward, Pittsburgh, P a ...... : ...... 2,100 00 Summerfield, Fayette County, Pa. .. 2,700 00 815 Hill St., Sewickley, Pa...... 3,500 00 Lehigh Ave., Borough of West View, Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 2,000 00 232 Birmingham Ave., Carrick, Pa... 3,100 00 W'ainbell Ave., Borough of Dormont, Allegheny County, Pa...... 4,000 00 Race St., Borough of Edgewood, Pa.. 3,000 00 Susquehanna St., 13th Ward, Pitts­ burgh, Pa...... 3,000 00 Biddle Ave., 3rd Ward, Wilkinsburg, P a...... 3,000 00 1022 Portiand St.,’ Pittsburgh, P a..... 4,000 00 Glen Caladh St., 15th Ward, Pitts­ burgh, P a ...... 2,500 00 Churchill St., McKees Rocks, Pa ...... 2,230 60 43rd St., Pittsburgh, Pa...... 3,000 00 Fairhill U. P. Church, Philadelphia.. 4,000 m 116 S. 49th St., P hiladelphia ...... 4,500 lu “ Lang Ave., 13th Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa, 2,300 00 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer. 293

Property 231 S. Lex St., Philadelphia. The following investments came to us from the donors, and are not investments which were made by our Board: First Mortgage on Property Carroll County, Ohio ...... $1,920 00 “ Kossuth County, Iowa ...... 7,900 00 " Swea City, Iowa ...... 700 00 Farmland, Morgan County, Colorado. West Penn Railways Bond No. 4239 ...... , ...... 1,000 00 West Penn Railways Bond No. 4240 ...... 1,000 00 Riverside Irrigation District Bond No. 708 ...... 500 00 Riverside Irrigation District Bond No. 709 ...... 5u0 00 Three Shares Capital Stock Citizens Trust Co., Canonsburg, Pa. U. S. B ond ...... 500 00 Nine Shares Stock Elm Grove Cemetery Co., 'Washington, Iowa, in trust. Five Shares Preferred Stock The Houston, Stanwood & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Ten Shares Preferred Stock The Brownell Co., Dayton, Ohio. , With the exception of a few of the above investments, they represent the principals of specially endowed and annuity funds, which are required to be kept invested. ROBERT L. LATIMER, Treasurer.

Philadelphia, May 5, 1913. To the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America. Gentlem en: I hereby certify that I have examined the accounts and vouchers of Robert L. Latimer, Treasurer, for the year ending April 30, 1913, and find same correct. The cash balance, securities and investments have been verified by me, and I also certify same to be correct. Respectfully submitted, JOHN A. STEWART, Auditor. 294 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

DETAILED STATEMENT OF TREASURER.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF RECEIPTS. From May ist, iç i 2 to A p r i l jo t h , IÇ1 3 .

PRESBTT ERIES.

A lbany ...... $3,436 59 L e Claire 950 00 A lle g h e n y ...... 19>,692 31 Los Angeles . ,874 99 A rgyle .221 77 M ansfield ...... ,502 00 Arkânsas Valley .. 1,347 41 M ercer ...... ,691 82 Beaver Valley ----- 605 97 Monmouth ... ,912 19 Big Spring ...... ,520 65 Monongahela . ,117 23 B oston ...... 039 76 Muskingum . .v ,222 45 Brookville ...... 371 32 New Jersey .. ,119 69 B utler ...... 913 01 New York ... 994 61 C a le d o n ia ...... 154 44 Ohio First ... 944 34 Cedar Rapids ...... 180 56 O klahom a 213 06 C hartiers ...... ,899 43 Om aha ...... 890 78 C hicago ...... 639 26 Oregon ...... 199 68 Cleveland ...... ,197 59 P aw nee ...... ,382 71 College Springs ... ,318 25 Philadelphia . 037 63 C olorado ...... ,684 02 . Pittsburg ___ 535 47 Concordia ...... 443 25 Puget Sound .. 873 15 Conem augh ...... 698 59 Rock Island ... ,479 90 D elaw are ...... 390 75 San Francisco ,978 47 Des Moines ... ----- 663 82 Sidney ...... ,964 45 D etroit ...... ,316 27 Spokane ...... 229 00 F rank fort ...... 693 13 Steubenville .. 175 65 G arnett ...... ,789 35 Tennessee 785 70 Idaho ...... 555 99 T exas ...... 391 55 Illinois Central ... ,290 78 Uncompaghre . 238 00 Illinois Southern . ,374 29 V erm ont ...... 489 64 Indiana ...... ,639 02 Westmoreland 617 96 Indiana Northern . 631 00 W heeling ...... 362 43 Iowa Northwestern 698 00 W iscon sin ___ 924 53 Kansas City ...... ,358 94 X en ia ...... 5.393 08 K eokuk ...... ,417 32 Kiskiminetas ...... ,799 60 $222,086 43 Lake ...... ,611 83

SABBATH SCHOOLS. The J. G. Paton Bible Sterling, Kansas ...... 44 00 Class, Beaver Falls, Pa $755 01) Fairhill, Philada., Pa. , 43 00 First, Newburgh, N. Y. 278 52 Third, Philada., Pa. .. 40 50 Tabernacle, Youngstown Sewickley, Pa ...... 40 00 Ohio ...... 263 00 Corsicana, Texas, Class Seventh, Frankford, Phil No. 4 ...... 39 35 adelphia, Pa...... 250 00 Gibson, Iowa ...... 34 00 Germantown, Phila., Pa. 154 63 Emporia, Kansas ...... 33 00 North, Philada., Pa ...... 139 00 Carnahan Creek, Kans.. 31 00 Poland Ave., Struthers Second, Cambridge, Ohio 29 61 Ohio ...... 120 00 Bast McKeesport, Pa. . 26 21 Fifth, Philada., Pa...... 109 00 Weiser, Idaho ...... 26 03 Second, Philada., Pa. ... 100 00 Fourth Year Junior Girls Fourth, Cleveland, Ohio. 100 00 Class, Sewickley, Pa.. 25 00 Bellevue, Pa ...... 100 00 Columbus City, Iowa ... 25 00 Second, Wilkinsburg, Pa 90 00 Mrs. Fannie Brook’s Class South Park, Buffalo, N. Y 85 00 Merry Workers, Hunts Oak Park, Philada., Pa. 83 00 ville, O hio ...... 25 00 Springdale, Pa ...... 82 69 Bible Class, Brookville 71 79 P a...... 25 00 Valencia, Pa...... 25 00 Paterson, N. J ...... 71 00 Tarentum, Pa ...... Norris Square, Phila. Mount Pleasant, Ind----- 25 00 P a...... : 54 00 B. O. V. Class, San Diego California ...... 25 03 Women’s Bible Class 24 00 First, Sewickley, Pa. 50 00 Eighth, Philada., Pa. . Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 2 95

Winchester, Kans...... 23 96 Homer City, Pa ...... 3 10 Indiana, Pa ...... 20 00 Toulon, 111...... 3 00 Union, Parks, Nebr...... 20 00 Cedar Rapids, Iowa .... 3 00 Summerfield, Kans...... 19 15 Huntsville, Ohio ...... 3 00 Liberty, Ohio ...... 18 47 Elderton, Pa ...... 3 00 San Jose, Calif...... 17 68 Oklahoma City, Okla. ... 2 55 Hooper, Wash ...... 17 00 Peebles, Ohio ...... 2 50 Wilmington, Del...... 17 00 Meridian Union, Pa ...... 2 41 Fairfield, Iowa ...... 16 18 Eau Claire, Pa...... 2 31 First, Schenectady, N. Milford, Mich...... 2 00 15 00 Third, Des Moines, Iowa 2 00 Chartiers, Pittsburgh, Pa, 15 00 Putnam, N. Y ...... 2 00 Mrs. W. P. Kirkpatrick’s Boynton, Okla...... 1 56 Class of Juniors, Utica, Riceville, Tenn...... 1 00 Ohio ...... 15 00 Allegheny Presbytery ----- 888 92 Salinas, Calif...... 12 50 Argyle Presbytery ...... 422 66 Chicopee, Mass...... 12 15 Beaver Valley Presbytery 793 93 Alpha Class, Clarinda, Big Spring Presbytery ... 351 93 Iow a ...... : ____ 12 00 Boston Presbytery ...... 240 17 Warm Springs, Oregon, Brookville Presbytery .... 90 32 Indian Mission ...... 12 00 Butler Presbytery ...... 300 00 Cranston, R. I...... 10 65 Caledonia Presbytery ___ 303 00 Oxford, Ohio ...... 10 00 Cedar Rapids Presbytery 106 16 Donora, P a...... 10 00 Chartiers Presbytery .... 380 90 New Concord, O hio ...... 10 00 Chicago Presbytery ...... 95 50 Third, Spokane, Wash. .. 9 59 Cleveland Presbytery ___ 126 74 First, Preston, Iow a ...... 9 23 College Springs Presby­ Pasadena, Calif...... 9 00 tery ...... 644 55 Jamestown, Ohio ...... 8 94 Conemaugh Presbytery .-. 19 41 Utica, P a ...... 8 40 Des Moines Presbytery ... 829 02 Shedd’s, O regon ...... 8 34 Detroit Presbytery ...... 1 2 1 80 West Union, 111...... 8 00 Frankfort Presbytery .... 329 19 Men’s Bible Class, Lan- Idaho Presbytery ...... 8 00 singville, Youngstown, Illinois Central Presby­ Ohio ...... 8 00 tery ...... 99 20 Canton, Ohio ...... 7 75 Illinois Southern Presby­ Second, Mercer, Pa ...... 7 47 tery ...... 140 00 North Ave., Baltimore, Indiana Northern Presby­ M d...... 7 00 tery ...... 36 52 First, Mansfield, Ohio ... 6 06 Kansas City Presbytery 163 96 Center, New Castle, Pa. 6 03 Kiskiminetas Presbytery 162 94 East Mansfield, Ohio .... 6 00 Lake Presbytery ...... 144 17 Iretön, Iowa ...... 5 85 Los Angeles Presbytery 114 99 Providence, R. I . 5 6S Mercer Presbytery ...... 389 70 Russellton, Pa ...... 5 00 New Jersey Presbytery .. 65 31 Mrs. Bella Brecht’s Class, New York Presbytery ___ 95 04 Good Hope Mission, Ohio First Presbytery ___ 241 08 Pittsburgh, Pa...... 5 00 Oklahoma Presbytery ... 50 00 York, P a ...... 5 00 Oregon Presbytery ...... 10 00 Walton, Kans...... 5 00 Pawnee Presbytery ...... 49 33 Blairsville, Pa ...... 5 00- Puget Sound Presbytery. 36 00 Marlow, Texas ...... 5 00 Rock Island Presbytery .. 203 00 Mount Nebo, Pa ...... 5 00 San Francisco Presbytery 80 04 Whittier, Calif...... 4 69 Sidney Presbytery ...... 371 36 San Antonio, Texas ...... 4 03 Steubenville Presbytery .. 517 34 Greeley, Kans...... 3 86 Tennessee Presbytery ... 2 1 13 Evans City, Pa...... 3 80 Westmoreland Presbytery 494 79 Cuylerville, N. Y ...... 3 70 Wisconsin Presbytery ... 38 00 Kennard, Pa...... 3 57 Xenia Presbytery ...... 80 34 Golden, 111...... 3 47 Lincoln, Neb...... 3 36 $13,722 76 INDIVIDUALS. Mr. M. P orter through Miss Jennie K. Den­ Rev. R. W. Nairn, D.D. $600 00 ham ...... 200 00 A Friend, Riverside, Calif. 550 00 Mrs. Ada Pringle ...... 195 00 A Friend, per ReV. C. R. Individuals, Wheeling W ...... 500 00 Presbytery ...... 165 00 Friends of Missions, A Friend of Missions, Mount Pleasant, Pa. ... 450 00 Garrattsville, N. Y. .... 157 00 Mr. and M rs. W . P. Rev. Ralph G. McGill, Fraser ...... 400 00 R efund ...... 142 00 A Friend of Missions, Mr. Wm. Wright ...... 125 00 Eighty Four, Pa ...... 250 00 Glad Tidings ...... 1 1 2 00 A Friend of Missions, J. M. H am ilton ...... 105 00 Philadelphia, Pa ...... 250 00 Mr. and Mrs. C. T. Full- Mr. Wm. Hamilton, An­ w ood ...... 100 10 nuity ...... ; ...... 200 00 Mr. James H oven ...... 100 00 Mr. John B eil ...... 200 00 In Memory of Mrs. Nan­ A Contributor, Jersey nie Anderson, De­ City. N. J...... 200 00 ceased ...... 100 00 296 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer

Miss Mary Erw in . 100 00 Mr. Jas. Z. M a c L a y ...... 25 00 The Davidson Family, in Mr. Wm. A. Gillespie ___ Memory of Father and 25 00 Mrs. Robert Killough ___ 24 00 M other ...... 100 00 Washington Heights A Friend, per Eev. J. M. Cong., N. Y ...... 21 50 Atchison, D.D ...... 100 00 Olivet, Pa., Mission ...... Mr. W. J. McLean ...... 20 96 100 00 Mr. John Lam ont ...... 20 00 Mr. F red O. S h a n e ...... 100 00 Mr. R. J. N e ls o n ...... 20 00 “Given for Foreign Mis­ P rof. D. G. C a t h c a r t...... 20 00 sion s” ...... 100 DO Mr. S. W . Boyd ...... 20 00 A Friend of Missions, Al­ Mr. Isaac F. M oore ...... 20 00 legheny, Pa ...... 100 go' Mrs. Sarah P. Wallace .. 20 00 Mrs.' R uth Junk C am p­ W. D. Crawford and Fam­ bell ...... 100 00 ily ...... 20 00 A. M. Thompson ...... 100 00 Miss E. M. R aitt ...... 20 00 Mr. J. M. B r o w n ...... 100 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. N. Jamie­ Mr. Fred G. Bogle ...... 90 00 son ...... 20 00 “Handbook” ...... 86 21 Mrs. Isabella Hamilton .. 20 00 Est. Jas. Rafferty, Income 75 59 Mrs. I. J. F ergus ...... 20 00 A Friend of Missions, Los G. H. GiLmore ...... 20 00 Angeles, Calif...... 75 50 Miss Nellie McCaughan .. 20 00 A Friend of Missions .... 75 00 Friends in Burlington ... 18 00 Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Hoy- M iss M. C athcart ...... 15 00 m an ...... 75 00 A Friend in Cambridge .. 15 00 Cash and Elizabeth, Pitts­ Mr. F. J. McFate ...... 15 00 burgh, P a...... 59 00 Greensburg, Pa., U. P ’s .. 15 00 In Memory of Mother .... 50 00 Rev. E. E. Campbell ___ 15 00 Mrs. Christiana D. Barr 50 00 Mr. John P. Aikin ...... 15 00 Rev. Dr. and Mrs. H. F. R. P. and M. E. McCles- W a lla c e ...... 50 00 ter ...... 15 00 Rev. and Mrs J. P. Fin­ Mrs. Jennie Graham ___ 15 00 ney ...... 50 00 Mr. Chas. Maxwell ...... 15 00 Mr. A. McArthur ...... 50 00 W. C. Porter ...... 15 00 Mr. A. W. Pollock ...... 50 00 Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Jos. Chase City, Va., Freed­ K yle ...... 15 00 man Congregation ...... 50 00 Wm; H. Black ...... 15 00 Rev. R. G. Ferguson, D.D. 50 00 J. W. Park ...... 15 00 Miss Lila D. Green ...... 50 00 Mr. J. C. H einrich ...... 15 00 F rien d ...... 50 00 Traveling Expense Re­ W. J. Randles ...... 50 00 fund ...... 15 00 Mr. Robert K err ...... 50 00 From Members of Presby­ A F riend ...... ' 50 00 terian Church, Paw­ Miss Charlotte Buck ___ 43 97 nee City, Neb...... 14 00 Mrs. Mary E. Service ... 40 00 Wm. B. Billingsley ...... 14 00 Mrs. M ary J. W a t t ...... 40 0J Miss Anna A. Milligan .. 13 00 Y. M. C. A., Allegheny Miss S. Nettie Robert­ Sem inary ...... 3S 09 son ...... 12 00 Mr. T. S. F razer ...... 35 00 Mrs. Jennie E. McCleery 12 00 Trustees Rafferty Trust Mr. J. M ason Prugh ...... 12 00 Fund, Second, Alle­ Rev. and Mrs. Earl D. gheny, P a...... 35 00 M iller ...... 11 00 Mr. J. H. Schlater ...... 30 ud Four Friends, per W. Ada B. Philips ...... 30 00 Wallace Miller, Treas. 10 95 Mrs. Isabella Porter .... 30 00 Mrs. Martha I. Timerson 10 00 Mrs. Samuel McKee ----- 25 00 Mr. Geo. B. Sim s ...... 10 00 Mrs. Nannie M. Knob- Mrs. M. R am sey ...... 10 00 loch ...... 25 00 Mr. Henry Scott ...... 10 00 Mr. Matthew E. Coie .... 25 ( 0 Mrs. T. B. M cKee ...... 10 00 Mr. Wm. Alex. Brown .. 25 00 Mr. Thos. Moffett ...... 10 00 Mrs. S. W . Reed ...... 25 00 Rev. Jas. Y. Boice, D.D. 10 00 Misses Hattie and Lena Mrs. J. E. Lytle ...... 1 0 00 M cQ uiston ...... 25 00 Rev. and Mrs. J. B. Clap- Mr. W . J. A d a m s ...... 2r> 00 perton ...... 10 00 A Friend of Missions, Rev. John Teaz, D.D. ... 10 00 White Cottage, Ohio .. 25 00 Miss Ella Hammond ----- 1 0 00 A R eserve ...... 25 0) Judge Jas. M. Galbreath 10 00 Rev. R. M. Russell, D.D. 25 00 Mrs. Martha A. Welch .. 10 00 C. K. H o lv e r s t o t t ...... 25 00 Jas. H. McClure ...... 1 0 00 Mr. S. J. E rw in ...... 25 00 Dr. S. C. Shane ...... 10 00 Miss Mary N. Degelman 25 00. Mrs. Mary Clark ...... 1 0 00 From a Friend ...... 25 00 Carroll E. and John S. J. II. stavely, Esq...... 25 00 F ren ch ...... i .. 1 0 00 Rev. Thos. M. Chalmers 25 00 Lillian B. Breckenridge .. 1 0 00 Jesse T. Mack ...... 25 00 A. W. Duncan ...... 1 0 00 F. N. Seigel...... 25 00 Mr. and Mrs. W. G. Mc­ Mrs. J. B. McClelland ... 25 00 K enzie ...... 10 00 • Mrs. J. R. Nelson ...... 25 00 M iss C. M. W . F oster .. 10 00 Miss Frances E. Wallace 25 00 Mr. Adam H. Cormaek .. 10 00 P rof, O. S. J o h n s t o n ...... 25 00 Rev. John Heslip ...... 10 00 Ruth Braham ...... 25 00 Mr. J. F. Broadbent ...... 10 00 Miss Anna Belle Ferrier 25 00 " T and W ” ...... 10 00 Annual Report­ -Detailed. Statement of Treasurer. 297

's, D. B layney ...... 10 00 Mrs. Marie E. Shane .... 5 00 H. D. Calhoun ...... 10 00 Miss Jeannette Swearin- Mrs. T. A. Shaw ...... 10 00 ger ...... ■; 5 00 Mr. Jas. W. Gilmore .,... 10 00 Mrs. Lizzie Steele ...... 5 «0 J. J. K e n n e d y ...... 10 00 W m . B r o w n ...... 5 00 Rev. J. Allen B arr ...... 10 00 Rev. Geo. E. Raitt ...... 5 00 Big Spring Con...... 10 00 S. L. B yers ...... 5 00 Rev. A . S. A iken ...... 10 00 Katherine K. George .... 5 00 Wm. Little ...... 10 00 Mr. W. P. Barr ...... 5 00 D. E. K ane ...... 10 oo Miss M. E. Douds ...... 5 00 F. R. McKee ...... 10 00 Mrs. Jane Crosbie ...... 5 00 W. P. Dunlap ...... 10 00 Mrs. Geo. W. Bailey .... 5 00 Mrs. W. J. Wilson ...... 10 00 R ev. J. H. H u tc h m a n ___ 5 00 John B. Kerr ...... 10 00 Luella B. Crawford ...... 5 00 Mrs. M argaret S. D oty .. 10 00 C. M. B aldw in ...... 5 00 Claire A. Leigh ...... 10 00 B. W. Ewing ...... 5 00 Robert Blair ...... 10 00 Samuel Reia ...... 5 00 Carrie M, Heed ...... 10 00 Anna Duncan ...... 5 00 J. Oliver Springer ...... 10 00 Margaret F. Anderson .. 5 00 Rev. J. W . Cleland ...... 10 00 Mrs. Julia Cunningham 5 00 Dr. and Mrs. J. C. B oice 10 00 Miss Annie J. McKee .... 5 00 Mr. and M rs. K irk G. Mr. H. S. W estbrook . . . 5 00 Phelps and Mother-in- Miss Elizabeth Lambie ... * 5 00 Law ...... 10 00 Mr. R. W. K nox ...... 5 00 Mr..D. J. McLay ...... 10 00 R ev. J. H. W hite ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. C. O. V ance 10 00 Mrs. Elizabeth Frazer ... 5 00 Stronghurst, 111., Cong. 10 00 Miss Bertha Tinning .... 5 00 Rev. S. J. Shaw, D .D ...... 10 00 Mrs. Ella M. Maxwell .... 5 00 Miss Edna Woods ...... 10 00 Dr. M. E. G arrett ...... 5 00 Mr. Sam uel Y ou n g ...... 10 00 Mary Harper Clark ...... 5 00 Mrs. Robert McQuilkin .. 10 00 Mrs. Jeannette Wilson 5 00 Rev. J. A. Grier, D.D., Miss Ella Junk ...... 5 00 LL.D ...... 10 00 Mr. R. S. Gilkerson ...... 5 00 Mr. J. L. M ontgom ery . . . 10 00 Mrs. Thos. Wier ...... 5 00 Mr. Geo. A. Shields- .... 10 00 Mr. Thos. Wier ...... 5 00 Mrs. M. B eckstead ...... 10 00 Marietta Hamilton ...... 5 00 Rev. J. A. Renwick, D.D. 10 «0 Mrs. Mary N. Calhoun .. 5 00 Miss Joella F. Gowdy .... 10 00 Mrs. Geo. C. S h a n e ...... 5 00 Miss Nettie Ralston .... 10 00 Houston Valley Mission 5 00 Mr. S. R. C o y n e r ...... 9 00 Rev. E. C. Little ...... 5 00 Dr. W . J. W ilson, J r...... S 00 Mrs. Maggie A. Wolf ... 5 00 S. S. L ite r a t u r e ...... 7 88 Mr. A. D. Gilliland ___ 5 00 Tama Indian Mission ... 7 68 Mr. Chas. Maxwell, Sr. .. 5 00 Maps ...... 7 42 Elizabeth Maxwell ...... 5 00 Mrs. M ary B aldw in, Son John C. H u n t e r ...... 5 00 and Daughter ...... 7 00 Mrs. Chas. McCormick .. 5 00 Miss Nannie McIIvain and W. C. McClure ...... 5 00 M other ...... 7 00 Rev. J. S. and Mrs. L . J. Mr. M. L. B onner ...... 7 00 Turnbull ...... 5 00 Miss Eva Adams ...... 7 00 Mr. and Mrs. Wm. A. A Member of the Presby­ Cook ...... 5 00 terian Church, Paw­ J. N. Sprole, Esq...... 5 00 nee* City, Neb...... 6 30 Guy C W iley ...... 5 Qfl Mrs. A nna M. Cam pbell .. 6 00 Miss Jean Morrison ...... 5 00 Mrs. J. P. W alk er ...... 6 00 Nettie Castor ...... 5 00 Geo. L. K issiclc ...... 6 00 Rev. A. S. Vincent, D.D. 5 00 Annual Reports ...... 5 70 John G. M eyer ...... 5 00 Mrs. M. C. R eaves ...... 5 00 Mrs. Alex. Smith ...... 5 00 Individuals, Pawnee Pres- J. A . L idgerw ood ...... 5 00 tery ...... 5 00 A Friend ...... 5 00 Mi-. John B roatch ...... 5 00 Mrs. R. L. M cCullv ...... 5 00 Uev. W . W . B arr, D .D., Mrs. E. A. Brownlee ...... 5 00 Memorial ...... 5 00 Mrs^ E leanor Jam ieson 5 00 Rev. J. R. M cllrov ...... 5 00 Florence Dav's ...... 5 00 Mr. J. D. Yarnell ...... 5 «0 E. E. Kennedy ...... 5 00 Rev. Geo. A. Roseb^i- .. 5 00 J. W. Broden ...... 5 00 Miss Mary P, Peters .... 5

Members of Canton, Wm. Bandeen ...... 2 00 O hio ...... Mrs. E. B. Ifft ...... 2 00 Chas. E. McGahan ... Mrs. M. L. Barr ...... 2 00 Miss Rena Roe ...... Mrs. D. C. L ittell ...... 2 00 Mrs. J. J. Melick ...... Miss Susan’ French ...... 2 00 Miss Laura G. Dorsey A. J. Seigle ...... 2 00 Mrs.' Bell S. Drawbaugh Mrs. E. J. Coryell ...... 2 00 Mr. J. H. Duncan ___ M iss M ary S. B row ne . . . Miss Ada Fife ...... Mrs. A. D. Wilhite ...... Mr. Andrew Kirk and Miss Maria Geary ...... F am ily ...... 00 Mrs. S. H. R ees ...... Rev. J. H. McBane .., 00 Margaret Armstrong .. Miss Edith O’Neill ... 00 Miss Elizabeth McKnigh Mr. W. J. McDowell . 00 Mr. Jos. I. K rohn ----- Mr. W. M. Logan ----- 00 Miss Eva MacConnell 2 00 Mr. J. B. Steward .. 00 Mrs. A. B. Gray ...... 2 00 Mary E. Cassill...... 00 Alice M. Ford ...... 2 00 Miss Mary McElree .. 00 Miss Jessie McKay and Mr. A. N. Fraser ----- 00 Mrs. McKay ...... 2 00 Mr. Clyde Copeland .. 00 Mr. M. M. Libbey .... 2 00 H. M. Neal ...... 00 Agnes E. M urray ...... 2 00 Thos. A. Purdy ...... 5 00 Emma R. and Martha P Mr. P.-Moffat ...... 5 00 W ilson ...... 2 00 Miss May W inter ------5 00 Florence V. Long ...... 2 00 J. H . K y l e ...... 5 00 Sarah G. Gowdy ...... 2 00 Mrs. G. L. & Thos. Reid John G. H all ...... 2 00 M cE ach ron ...... New Wilmington Student Mrs. Margaret Hood ... Volunteer Conference .. Mrs. Mary K. Stewart .. U. P. Members of the Mr. J. M. H uston ...... Missionary Society of W . G. Sm ith ...... the Federated Church Jennie and Mary Rogers Winona Lake, Ind. ... 1 40 Mrs. Maxy Porter Kyle . Legal Expense Refund . 1 25 Mrs. A. H. Porter ...... 5 00 A Sabbath School Scholar Mrs. Seth Craig ...... 5 00 Washington, Iowa , 1 00 W. B. Gilmore ...... 5 00 A Friend, per Rev. J. L Mrs. Robt. M cNeilly ----- 5 00 Shaw ...... 1 00 Ligonier, Pa., T. P. C. U 5 00 Mrs. Harriet E. Magarve Mr. Henry M. Hall . . 4 00 Arch. L. Graham ...... Anna C. Hague ...... 3 50 Alice W. MehafCey ----- Additional Dividend G. Peterson ...... Check, Bank, London . 3 25 Mrs. Jas. Bruce ...... Mr. Wm. McKinley ----- 3 00 Mrs. John McGeoch ...... Jennie E. and Anna M Mrs. Mary Armstrong .. Shaw ...... 3 00 A. H. McWhorter ...... Florence E. Mench ..... 3 00 Mrs. J. F. Harper ...... Mr. John Donaldson ... 3 00 Mr. John, N elson'...... H. W. Rexford ...... 3 00 Jennie Robertson ...... A M. D oig ...... 3 00 Mr. James Latimore ... C. K. Rankin ...... 3 00 Mrs. Rebecca C. Robinson E. J. M cW illiam s ...... 3 00 Miss Elizabeth White ... Rev. Chas. E. Nash ___ 3 00 Mrs. J. C. G ilfilla n ...... Miss Margaret T. Kerr . 3 00 Wm. A. Milligan ...... * Miss Janet M. Lambie .. 3 00 Mrs. Jennie E. Custey . 1 00 Alvin Edmiston ...... 3 00 W . G. W ilson ...... Martha L. Berry ...... 3 00 Ollie Morrison ...... R ev. J. P. G ibson ...... 3 00 Nellie Frazier ...... Mrs. C. H. and V era Geo. L. Parrish ...... S trong ...... 3 00 Mrs. E. Nesbit ...... Mrs. E. J. Gowdy ...... 3 00 E. J. Cruikshank ...... Miss Florence Belle Wil A. E. Clapperton ------son ...... 2 50 Miss Mabel Dobbin ...... Mrs. Chas. M. Erwin .. 2 50. Mrs. C. H. McCormick . Miss Lyda F. Lantz ... 2 50 Mrs. S. E. McClaren ... Bluestone Freedman Mis J. M uirhead ...... sion, Jeffress, Va. ... Mrs. Josephine Glass .. 1 00 Miss Bell Scott ...... Mary A. Martin ...... 00 Miss Martha Strong ... Mrs. Lewis Bauersacks . 00 Mrs. J. E. Wood ...... Mr. Geo. Coulter ...... 00 Rev. Hugh B. Speer .... Martha E. Montgomery . 00 Jas. D. Finley ...... Ula Johnston ...... 1 00 Wm. and Agnes Hutton . Mrs. E. P. Clay ...... 1 00 M ary H ay ...... 2 00 Mrs. Ralph Johnston ... 1 00 Miss Nancy Pollock .... Mrs. J. G. Williams ... 100 R. Elizabeth Milligan .. Mrs. R. H. Thompson ... 100 Rev. David Strang, D.D Mrs. Mary A. Walker ... 1 00 Miss Jennie H. Poole . S. B lanche D e Frane .. 1 00 Laura J. Brunermer . Mr. W. R. Raines ...... 50 Mr. Melville Allen ... Miss Jessie McLennan . Miss Ida Carothers ... $10,4S;.: 50 Miss Laura E. McDonald David A. Foster ...... Annual Report—-Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 299

YOUNG PEOPLE’S SOCIETIES. 00 on Sterling, Kansas ...... 4» 00 Mt. Washington, Pa...... 5 00 East Brook, Pa ...... 84 00 Washington, D. C...... 3 50 Avalon, Pa...... 80 00 Allegheny Presbytery ... 28 00 Romine, Prairie, 111. ... 56 25 Argyle Presbytery ...... 120 01 North Allegheny, Pa. .. 50 00 Beaver Valley Presbytery 1,257 36 Stronghurst, 111...... 40 00 Boston Presbytery ...... 25 00 Caledonia, Wisconsin .. 32 00 Brookville Presbytery .... 5 00 Harvard Heights, Los Chartiers Presbytery 755 00 Angeles, Calif...... 31 25 Cleveland Presbytery ___ 6 00 North Philadelphia, Pa 31 00 College Springs Presby­ Mansfield, Ohio ...... 25 00 tery ...... 568 00 Second, Brooklyn, N. Y. . 25 00 Des Moines Presbytery .. 324 73 First, Washington, Pa. . 25 00 Detroit Presbytery ...... 2 00 International, Norris Illinois Southern Presby­ Square, Philadelphia, tery ...... 12 00 Pa...... 25 00 Indiana Northern Presby­ West Philadelphia, Pa. .. 25 00 tery ...... 62 00 Richmond, Kans...... 25 00 Kansas City Presbytery 1 1 80 West 44th St., New York Le Claire Presbytery ... 17 08 City, N. Y ...... 22 50 Los Angeles Presbytery .. 4 40 West Alexander, Pa ...... 15 00 Monmouth Presbytery ... 309 46 Carrollton, Ohio ...... 12 50 Mercer Presbytery ...... 75 00 East 187th St., New York New York Presbytery ___ 24 50 City, N. Y ...... 10 00 Ohio First Presbytery ___ 28 40 Third, Philadelphia, Pa. 10 00 Puget Sound Presbytery 25 00 Sixth, Pittsburgh, Pa. .. 10 00 Sidney Presbytery ...... 186 2 1 Washington, Heights, N. Y. 8 59 Steubenville Presbytery .. 20 00 Perth, Albany Presbytery 5 00 Westmoreland Presbytery 25 00 Fifth, Philadelphia, Pa. 5 00 Juniors, East 187th St., $4,643 54 New York City, N. Y. 5 00 BEQUESTS. Estate of Mrs. Margaret Estate of Susan Parr, de­ Robb, deceased, income $10 ceased ...... 1,567 50 Estate of Mrs. McClellan, Estate of Miss Edith M. deceased ...... 50 Shontz, deceased ...... 100 00 Estate of Margaret M Estate of Lewis Davis, Work, deceased ...... 100 deceased, income ...... 16 66 Estate of Mrs. M. A Estate of John A. Brook, Gailey, deceased ... 1,000 deceased ...... 2,000 00 Estate of Margaret S Estate of Miss Margaret Boyd, deceased ...... 400 J. Thompson, deceased 1,900 00 Estate of Margaret S Estate of Mrs. Harriet Boyd, deceased, income 45 Jane Witherspoon, de­ Estate of Hannah M. ceased ...... 950 00 Williamson, deceased, Estate of Samuel Ster­ in c o m e ...... 15 ling, deceased ...... 513 86 Estate of Elizabeth E. Estate of Mrs. Mary Jane White, deceased, income 24 Shaw, deceased ...... 500 00 Estate of Rev. Isaac N. Estate of Janet Walker, White, deceased ...... 500 deceased ...... 203 16 Estate of Mrs. W. G. Estate of Anna Walker, Fees, deceased ...... 25 deceased ...... 203 15 Estate of Lodima Jordon Greely, Kansas, Property 225 37 Anderson, deceased ___ 50 $10,398 70

ROBERT ARTHINGTON DONA­ SPECIAL FUND FOR DR. T. A. TION. LAMBIE. July 24, 1912 ...... $14 67 Eighth, Pittsburgh, Pa., October 18, 1912 ...... 606 25 Congregation ...... $50 00 April 16, 1913 ...... 607 18 Washington Heights, N. Y., C. E . S...... 37 50 $1,228 10 Mrs. R. M. Russell ...... 25 00 $112 50 LADIES’ MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. Second, Allegheny, Pa., SPECIAL FUND FOR NÈJW MIS­ Y. L. M. S...... $100 00 SIO N A R IES, 1910-1911. Southfield, Mich ...... 96 00 nderson, Monmouth, 111. 50 00 Ruth Junk Cam pbell $467 00Mrs. Grirrattsville, N. Y 25 00 Mrs. Margaret Junk Mc­ Paterson, N. J., Y. L. M. S. 18 75 D ow ell ...... 467 00 Kansas City Presbytery 2 00 Mrs. Louisa M. Junk .... 466 00

$291 75 $1,400 00 3 0 0 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

SPECIAL FUND FOR PROF. C. S. SPECIAL FUND FOR NEW MIS­ BELL. SIO N A R IES, 1911-1912. St. Clair, Pa., Congrega­ Messrs. Bogle Bros $isoo 00 tion ...... $420 00 First, East Liverpool, Women’s Missionary So­ Ohio, Congregation .... 355 o'! ciety, Allegheny Pres­ Shadyside, Pittsburgh, bytery ...... 100 00 Pa., Congregation ...... 352 46 Rev. H. J. Bell ...... 100 00 Y. P. C. U., Grove City, A Friend of Missions, Al­ legheny, Pa ...... 100 00 Y.P P. C.' r.,' B utler P res- 160 00 Aspinwall, Pa., Sabbath School ...... 75 00 Y b> P.r> C. ' ' Ü.Ï ‘ Slippery 73 50 D. S. Thompson’s Class, R ock , P a ...... 53 oo Eighth, Allegheny, Pa. 56 25 Y. P. C. U., Clinton, Sax- Mrs. Geo. M. Paden ...... 50 00 onburg, P a...... 51 00 Teachers, Knoxville Col­ White Oak Springs Con­ lege ...... 50 00 gregation, Connaquenes- The Misses Anderson __ 25 00 sing, P a ...... 5000 Mrs. Chas. E. Dinkey ... 25 00 Mrs. K y le’s S. S. Class, Bellevue, Pa., Sabbath First, Monmouth, 111. .. 36 60 S chool ...... 25 00 Y. P. C. U., West Liberty, Bellevue, Pa., T. P. S. Slippery Rock, Pa 35 no C. E ...... 25 00 Y. P. C. U., Harmony, Wheatland, 111., Y. P. Harrisville, Pa ...... 30 00 C. U ...... 25 00 Y. P. C. U., Mars, Pa.... 19 00 Piqua, Ohio, Y . P. C. U. .. 3 50 Y. P. C. U., Shiloh, Sax- onburg, P a ...... IT 00 $1,079 75 Steubenville Presbytery .. ic 00 Y. P. C. U., Eau Claire, P a ...... 15 00 Y. P. C. U.t Bethel, Har­ risville, Pa ...... 4 75 $3,069 54

GUJRANWALA SCHOOL, INDIA. Mr. and Mrs. A. Albert Rev. J. O. Ashenhurst .. 12 00 A llen ...... $71 00 Delbert Ashenhurst ----- 1 00 Anonymous, Mt. Wash­ J. S. A nderson ...... 5 00 ington, P a ...... 1 00 A Member of Home Dept., Anonymous, Ireton, la. .. 3 00 Philada., Pa ...... 2 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Aiken 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. Harper Anonymous, Washington, A dam s ...... 5 00 la ...... 5 00 Misses Elsie H. and M. A non ym ou s ...... 5 00 Emma Adair ...... 3 0 00 Mies Margaret F. Ander­ Melville Allen ...... 5 00 son ...... R 00 A Birthday Offering in Mrs. M. H. Acheson ----- 8 00 Memory of one who had Mr. John P. Aiken ...... 15 00 a missionary spirit, Mr. R . G. A r d r e y ...... 10 00 from her sister, Day­ Mrs. Hannah Ardrey .... 5 00 ton, O hio ...... 1 00 M iss M argery L. Allison 25 00 Mr. J. V. A nderson ...... 12 00 Anonymous, Salem, N. Y. 5 00 A Girl, Pittsburgh, Pa... 4 00 Anonymous, Red Oak, la. 5 00 A Stenographer, Pitts­ Dr. and Mrs. Jos. M. burgh, P a ...... 1 00 A ik en and D au ghter 50 00 Eugene Anderson ...... 5 00 Anonymous, Washington, E v a A dam s ...... 7 00 P a ...... 5 00 An Old-Fashioned Meth- A Believer in Missions .. 1 00 . odist, Phila., Pa...... 3 00 Miss Sallie Aiken ...... 2 00 Miss Florence Atchison.. 1 00 A Reader of the Christian Alpha, Class, Clarinda, Union Herald ...... 1 00 la...... 12 00 A Reader of the Christian Adelphia Class, Pigeon Union Herald ...... 48 00 Creek Cong., Pa...... 5 00 Anonymous, Lyndon, A. Junior Xenia Seminary 1 00 K an s...... 2 00 Dr. S. W . A llen ...... 25 00 Mr. A. D. Anderson ...... 5 00 J. C. Allison ...... 5 00 Miss Katie M. Aiken ... 12 Op Always Faithful Class, A United Presbyterian, * East Palestine, Ohio .. 2 00 New Castle, Pa...... 1 00 C. M. A., Sparta, 111...... 5 00 Miss Iva Anderson ...... 7 00 Rev. John L. Acheson .. 2 00 Rev. J. Willard Acheson. 5 00 A Baptist Friend, Phila., A Humble United Presby­ P a ...... 12 00 terian, Kenton, Ohio .. 2 00 A U nited Presbyterian, Miss Mary A. Anderson.. 5 00 V erm ont 12 00 Armstrong Bible Class, A U nited Presbyterian, Butler*, P a...... 12 00 N ew ark 2 00 Thomas Anderson ...... 5 00 A Tither, Norfolk, Va... 2 00 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 301

Miss A n d rew s’ S. S. Mrs. Martha J. Brown 5 00 Class, Kansas City, Mrs. F. L. Bigham ...... 30 00 Mo...... 12 20 Beginners’ Dept., Sharon, Anonymous, per Rev. J. Pa ...... 15 00 D. Rankin, D .D ...... 1 00 Boys, Cranston, R. I...... 1 00 Arden Mines Mission, Birthday Offering, Lin­ Cross Roads, Washing­ coln, Neb., Sabbath ton, P a...... 4 45 School ...... 4 75 Anonymous, Mansfield, Berean Class, Morning Ohio ...... 5 00 Sun, O...... 17 25 Mr. R obert B lair ...... 5 00 Mr. J. M. Brown ...... 25 00 Miss Jeannette E. Beck. 2 00 B oys’ Class, Sabbath Foster and Fletcher Brate 1 00 School, St. Joseph, Mo.. 2 50 Rev. John G. B rodt .... 5 00 Miss Bertha Ball ...... 1 00 Mr Edwin P. Boyd ...... 5 00 y irs Eliza, A. 231air .... 1 00 Mr. C. M. B a ld w in ...... 10 00 Boys’ Class, Seventh, Rev. W. N. Brown ...... 2 00 Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 5 00 Mr. J. T. B ach ...... 2 00 Berean, Adult Class, Dun­ Miss Mary Burnside ----- 9 00 bar, P a ...... 12 00 Mrs. N. I. B l a i r ...... 5 00 Mr. John Bryson ...... 12 00 Miss Fannie G. Bradford 3 00 Mrs. James Black ...... 50 00 Mr. E. J. B eatty ...... 1-2 00 Elmer Bromlee ...... 1 00 Miss Anna M. Beckwith.. 2 00 Mrs. Geo. W. Bailey ----- 5 00 Rev. R. H. Barr ...... 5 00 Jennie Badger ...... 2 00 Rev. Robt. A. Biggerstaff 5 00 Mrs. H. M. Benton ...... 17 70 Winifred and Margaret Berean, Bible Class, Mt. Brate ...... 1 00 Pleasant, Hickory, Pa.. 15 50 Mrs. M. A . B o y d ...... 12 00 Miss Ruth Braham’s Mr. Ralph L. B ailey .... 1 00 Class, Oakmont, Pa. ... 40 00 Mr. and Mrs. D. L. B a- Berean Bible School, Sec­ rackm an ...... 12 00 ond, Monmouth, 111. ... 12 00 S. L. Byers ...... 5 00 Rev. Bett’s Class, La- Mr. W . P. B arr ...... — 5 00 trobe, P a...... 5 00 Mrs. M. B eckstead ...... 12 00 Miss Ida M. Carothers .. 27 00 Mr. W m . H. B l a c k ...... 15 00 Miss Ethel S. Cumming 2 00 E. M. B oaz ...... 5 00 Miss M. Cathcart ...... 5 00 Air. R. L. Brownlee ___ 12 00 Mr. C. J. C r o m b ie ...... 50 00 Miss N I. Baird 25 00 Miss Pearl Craig ...... 1 00 Mr. J. D. B arr ...... 12 00 Rev. E. E. Campbell ----- 15 00 Mrs. A m anda B oyd .... 5 00 K. W. Cleland ...... 3 00 Mr. W . L. B eebou t ...... 5 00 Mrs. Ruth Carmichael ... 2 00 Mrs. M aria B rinson .... 6 50 Mr. R. M. Cannon ...... 10 00 L. J. B runerm er ...... 2 00 Mr. and Mrs. John A. Mrs. H. L illian B randon . 20 00 C raw ford ...... 10 00 Miss Helen Burkhart .. 1 00 J. B. and N. L. Carson 5 00 Rev. and Mrs. Edgar H. Mr. and Mrs. Percy L. Black ...... 5 cc C raig ...... 150 00 Mr. ja s. B othel ...... 2 00 Mrs. J. W. Conaha ...... 1 00 Miss Lillian Breckenridge 5 00 J. N. Crusan ...... 12 00 Miss Margaret A. Balph. 12 00 Mr. Geo. M. Chase ...... 12 00 Miss Nellie E. Bartlett .. 6 00 Miss May Corry ...... : 2 00 Mr. W illis H. B row n .... 50 00 Class of Boys in Mission Miss Stella Burns ...... 5 00 School ...... 5 00 Sara M. B ell ...... 7 00 Mrs. D. L. Cowden ...... 2 no Mrs. M ary B anker ...... 12 00 Mr. Adam H. Cormack .. 10 00 Mr. M. G. B lack ...... 12 00 Mr. and Mrs. L. S. Caster 24 00 Mrs. S. R. B aldw in’s Mr. Seth Craig ...... 5 00 Class, Center, New Cas­ Mr. R obt. S. C larke ...... 2 00 tle, p a...... 2 00 Miss Fannie A. Cleary . .. 6 50 Miss M artha B row n .. 5 00 Mrs. Eloise Crabbe ...... 1 00 Rev. and Mrs. J. ii. B lack 2 00 Rev. M. R. C o c h r a n ...... 5 00 Mrs. L. A. B rock w ay . . . 5 00 James and Nettie Carson 7 00 Boys’ Intermediate So­ Mrs. A. E. Clapperton ... 5 00 ciety, First, East Liv­ Mrs. Mary Clark ...... 12 00 erpool, Ohio ...... 12 00 F J Caldwell k An Mrs. E. E. B o y c e ...... 24 00 Miss A B. Criswell 5 00 Box 58, R. F. D., No. 1, Miss Merle Cook ...... 1 00 Irwin, P a...... 2 00 Ljjella Crawford ...... 5 00 Master James Bradford.. 25 Mr. Geo. Coulter ...... 12 00 Berean Class, First, St. Rev. and Mrs. E. V. Joseph, M o...... 12 00 Clem ents ...... 20 00 Kenneth Burchfield 2 00 Mr. and M r3 - Geo. R. Miss Sarah B everidpe .. 1 00 Crowe and children .. 12 00 Mrs. M. L. B arr ...... 2 00 j C a t h c a r t ...... 25 00 Mrs. W . E. B est ...... ' 12 00 Wr J Cherry 12 00 Benkelman, Nebr. Cong. 7 00 Miss Theola Clark ...... 6 00 m. Bell ...... 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. D. W. Cum­ birthday Gift, Ben Avon, m ins ...... 12 la, ...... 00 12 00 Mr. Robt. Crockitt ...... 12 00 ses BindeV”. ! 12 00 302 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Mrs. Julia Cunningham .. 6 00 Alice B. Dice ...... 3 00 Miss Nannie Carithers .. 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. I. J. D ick ­ Cash, New Castle, Pa. ... 1 00 son ...... Mary E. Cassill ...... 5 00 5 00 Mrs. R. E. D avis ...... 12 00 Mrs. E. J. Coryell ...... 1 00 Miss Jane K. Denham ... 250 00 Miss Bertha V. Caldwell 10 00 Miss Katherine Dayton 15 00 Miss Jane Collingwood 5 00 Mrs. A. J. Durbin ...... 00 Mrs. M. L. Campbell___ 12 00 Mr. and Mrs. Lane A. 1 Rev. and Mrs. J. W. Cle- D uff ...... ; ...... land ...... 1 00 30 00 Willard Moyle Duff ...... 1 t)0 Mrs. M. A. Cherry ...... 5 00 Mrs. P. Elliott ...... 5 00 Mrs. Crosbie’s Class, Rev. W. D. Ewing ...... 5 00 North Shenango, Espy- Miss Mary Ew ing ...... 10 00 ville, Pa...... 5 50 Miss Mary Erwin ...... 12 00 Jas. S. Cam pbell ...... 12 00 Mr. D. C. E d g a r ...... 1 00 M. M. C., Wilkinsburg, Evanston, 111., Congrega­ P a ...... 5 00 tion ...... Mrs. W. N. Cunningham 5 00 30 00 M rs. M. J. E lliott ...... 1 0 00 Mrs. N. Cummins ...... 20 00 Mr. Robt. Edeburn ...... Daisy M. and Marvine 5 00 Miss Sarah D. Elliott .... 100 00 C h a s e ...... 12 00 E m m a G...... 25 00 Prof. and Mrs. J. P. D. A. Esterquist ...... 5 00 C a m e r o n ...... 25 00 Ellwood City, Pa., Mission W. D. Crawford ...... 1 2 00 C l a s s ...... 3 00 Mrs. M. A. Coulter ...... 5 00 Mary E. Elder ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. T. T. Curry 5 00 Mr. W. H. Edmiston ___ 1 00 E. E. Caldwell ...... 1 00 Mr. John Eagleson and Miss Lucile Clark ...... 1 00 fam ily ...... 4 00 Miss Amy Crabbe ...... 3 00 Erskine Society, Wooster, 3 50 Mrs. B. L. Calhoun ...... 6 00 Catherine and Eleanor East Palestine Friend ... 12 0C Culbertson ...... 12 00 Earlham, la., Congrega­ Mrs. J. H. Collins ...... 1 08 tion ...... 1 93 Cash, Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 500 00 Earl E. E lder ...... 2 00 Zella Crawford ...... 5 00 Ever Faithful Class, Paw­ Corner Class, Jamestown, nee City, Neb...... 7 50 P a ...... 12 00 Mr. J. E. Ewing Class, Chas. Corette’s Class, Latrobe, Pa ...... 3 00 First, Washington, la. 12 00 Mrs. G. E arnshaw ...... 12 00 Rev. and Mrs. J. A. Camp­ Mr. A N. Fraser ...... 35 00 bell ...... 20 00 Friend of Muskingum Col­ Miss Ethel Clark ...... 1 30 lege ...... 5 00 Rev. A. J. Crooks ...... 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. C. T. Full- Castroville, Cal., Congre­ w ood ...... 50 00 gation ...... 5 00 Friend of Missions, Pitts­ Cash, Unity Sta., Pa...... 3 00 burgh, Pa...... 5 00 M rs. Sue G. C rabbe’s Miss Jennie P. F ife ...... 5 00 Class, Second, Xenia, O. 12 00 Mrs. H. FergUBon ...... 1 00 Miss Sue Dodds ...... 5 00 Mrs. A. M. Forsythe ...... 10 00 Miss Anna Duncan ...... 5 00 Friend, Hollywood, Cal. 100 00 Mr. J. T. Du Shane ...... 1 00 Friend, Loveland, Col. ... 17 00 Miss Emma L. Dierdorf 1 00 From one who knows the Miss Sara M. D ell ...... 5 00 impossibility of doing J. A. Donaldson ...... 4 00 good work under hamp­ Mrs. Bell S. Drawbaugh 3 00 ered conditions ...... 5 00 M rs. A . C. D e r m o n d ...... 5 00 Friend, Lincoln, Neb. .. 5 00 Mrs. Catherine J. Dickie 6 00 Friend, Cambridge, N. 6 00 Mr. and Mrs. N. E. De R ev. R. G. F erguson G olier ...... 12 00 D .D ., L L .D ...... 112 00 A. W. Duncan ...... 5 00 Friend, A m ity, la ...... 1 00 Mrs. W. J. Donnan ...... 2 00 Miss Ida Forsythe .... 5 00 Mrs. A. L. Dickson ...... 10 00 Friend of Missions ----- 12 00 Miss Katherine Davies .. 5 00 Friend of Missions ----- 100 00 Mr. W. D. Dobbin ...... 5 00 Friend of Missions ... 2 00 S. F. D ...... 1 00 Friend, Allegheny, Pa. 25 00 Anna Davidson ...... 1 00 Mr. John French ...... 2 00 R ev. Sam uel D odds, D.D.,~ Miss Mary M. French . 12 00 P h .D ...... 10 00 Friend, Topeka, Kan. . 12 00 Mrs. A. B. Dickie ...... 6 00 Friend of Missions, Wa Do Good Adult Class, ton, K a n ...... 5 00 Hebron Congregation, Friend, Walton, Kan. 1 00 Wilkinsburg, Pa...... 10 OC Mrs. Theo. Finger ... 12 00 Thos. G. Donaldson ...... 5 00 Miss Amelia Frauens 5 00 Mrs. E. Downie ...... 5 00 Mrs. L. R. F ree ...... 12 00 Mr. and Mrs. Orrin Duke 12 00 Mrs. I. J. Fergus ... 1 2 00 Mrs. A. B. Dunlap ...... 2 50 Friend, Albia, la. .. 3 00 Mrs. Etta Doyle ...... 1 50 Friend of the boys, Plai Rev. and Mrs. J. M. City, O...... 1 00 D uncan ...... 10 00 Friend of Missions, Car N. Belle Drake, M.D ...... 12 00 ter, 111...... 5 0« S. W. D., Cambridge, O. 1 00 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 303

Friend, New Wilmington, Friend of Missions, Can- ...... 12 00 onsburg, Pa ...... 10 00 Mrs. F. E. Foster and Friend, Salem, N. Y. 3 0C Miss Elizabeth Mc- First, Crafton, Pa., Con­ K night ...... 6 00 grega tion ...... 45 91 From three members of Mrs.’ Mollie Flick ...... !. 1 00 one family ...... 12 00 Friend of Missions, Fall River ...... 5 00 Sheakleyville, Pa ...... 1 00 Friend* Cambridge, O. ... 12 00 Mrs. Bella Foster ...... 1 00 Mr. Lew is F ra ser ...... 5 00 Friend of Missions, New A Friend, Los Angeles, Castle, Pa. * ...... 25 00 Cal...... 5 00 Friend of Missions, Free­ Friend, Belle Center, O.. 5 00 port, P a ...... 2 00 Friend ...... 12 00 Friend, Aspinwall, Pa. .. 12 00 Friend ...... 200 00 Friend, Zanesville, O. .... 5 00 Friend ...... 25 00 Friend, Lisbon, O. ... 10 00 Friends from Clarion, la. 5 00 Friend, Coal Valley, 111. .. 12 00 Friend of Missions, Wil- Friend, Bristol, Col. ... 5 00 kinsburg, Pa...... 12 00 From Walters’ Park, Pa 1 00 Friend of Missions, not a Friend, Second, Mon­ United Presbyterian ... 5 00 m outh, III...... 50 Friend, San Francisco, Friend, Seattle, Wash. .. 5 80 Cal...... 12 00 Former Sabbath School J. H. Frazier ...... 2 50 Fairgrove, Mich...... 3 00 Friend, California ...... 1 00 From a Presbyterian who Friend, City View, Pitts­ reads the Christian burgh, P a...... 15 00 Union Herald ...... 1 00 Friend, West...... B ridge­ Friend, Springfield, Mo. 5 00 water, P a 3 00 Friends interested, Pitts­ Alice M. F o r d ...... 2 00 burg, K a n ...... 12 00 Miss Susan F rench ...... 12 00 Friend of Missions, New­ Friend, Pretty Prairie, ville, P a...... 2 00 Kan...... 5 00 Friends of the boys, Liv­ Friend of Missions, Mars, erm ore, P a...... 10 00 Pa...... 5 00 Friend of Missions, Den­ Friend, Knoxville College 5 00 ver, Col...... 1 00 From one who wishes it Friend, Santa Ana, Cal... 2 00 was m ore ...... 1 00 Friend, Boulevard Church Friend of Missions, Cut­ Philadelphia ...... 16 00 ler, 111...... 7 00 Friend, Traer, la ...... 5 00 Miss Anna Belle Ferrier 15 00 Friend, Worthington, Pa. 25 00 Friend, Clarinda, la ...... 5 00 Mr. W m . W . F e r g u s ...... 5 00 Friend, First, New Con­ Friend, N ew Concord, O. 12 0C cord, O...... 6 00 From a friend, Pitts­ Friend, Gladstone, 111___ 6 00 burgh, P a ...... 15 00 Friend, Y oungstow n, O. .. 12 00 Friend, North Diamond From A Friend ...... 2 00 Sta., Pittsburgh, Pa. ... 10 00 Friends from Seattle .... 25 00 Friend, First, McKees­ Friend, Newville, Pa. .. 500 00 port, Pa...... 10 00 Friend, Third Church, Friend, Piper City, 111. ... 5 00 Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 55 00 Friend from U. P. Con­ Friend, Reinbeck, la. ... 5 00 gregation, Olympia, Friend, B uffalo, N. Y. . . . 10 00 W ash ...... 30 00 Friend, McKees Rocks, Mr. Alexander Fullerton 1 00 Pa...... 12 00 A Friend, Pittsburgh, Pa. 5 00 Friend, Marissa, 111...... 17 00 A Friend, Pittsburgh, Pa. 1 00 Rev. J. N. F e r g u s o n ...... 12 00 A Friend, Pittsburgh, Pa. 12 00 Friends, C hicago ...... 20 00 A Friend, Pittsburgh, Pa. 20 00 Friend of Missions, New Family of First Church, Kensington, Pa ...... 2 00 Wilkinsburg, Pa...... 15 00 Miss C. M. W . F oster . . . 8 00 Fourth Church, Allegheny, iriend, Mercer, Pa...... 12 00 P a...... 16 00 Miss M innehaha F innev 5 00 First Church, Xenia, O. 53 96 Friend, Des Moines, la. 10 00 First, Oakmont, Pa., Fish­ Friends, per T. H. Hultz 100 00 erman Class ...... 5 00 Arthur Ferguson ...... 1 00 From Clinton, la ...... 5 00 Friend, St. Clairsville, O. 1 00 Friend of the cause, Bluff - Friend, Colum bus, O...... 1 00 ton, Ind...... 5 00 Carroll E. F ren ch ...... 3 00 Five Volunteers, Tarkio, John S. French ...... 1 00 M o...... 5 00 Friend, College Corner, O. 3 00 Friend from Edgerton, friend, Beaumont, Cal. . 12 00 K an ...... 2 00 friend, Riverside, Cal. .. 12 00 Friend, Ellwood City, Pa. 1 00 £«end, Lawrence, Mass.. 1 00 Friend of Missions, St. From East Palestine, O. 1 00 Joseph, M o...... 1 00 Forward and Onward Or­ Friend of Missions, Cora- ganized Ladles’ Bible opolis, P a ...... 1 00 Class, Seventh, P h ila­ Josephine Ferguson ...... 8 00 delphia, Pa...... 5 00 Friend from Cedarville, O. 3 00 Mrs. M argaret F orsythe 5 00 Mrs. W. B. Forsyth ...... 1 00 304 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Friend, New Sheffield, Pa. 1 00 ! Ruth Atcheson Gordon.. 2 50 Friend,of Missions, Chase 1 i Dorothy Sefton Gordon.. 2 50 City, V a ...... 5 00 j Wm. Gilmore’s Class, Friend, per Mr. James ! Clarinda, la...... 16 50 W ilson ...... 1 OC I Ella Glenn ...... 5 00 Annetta V. Frazier .. 1 00 | Greenside Ave. Cong., Friend of Missions, Ma- East Canonsburg, Pa., rissa, 111...... 12 00 1 M ission ...... 20 00 Friend from Coin, la. .. 12 00 • Grove City, Pa., Cong... >05 00 Friend, Bellefontaine, O. 10 00 Miss Mary Hay ...... 3 00 Friend of the work, New Miss Louella Hays ...... 5 00 A thens, O...... 2 00 | Mr. J. C. H u n t e r ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Ful­ Mr. J. H. Hutchman.... 5 00 ton ...... 5 Ofl i M rs. W . S. H eade ...... 10 00 Mrs. W. Flem ing ...... 1 00 Miss Ella Hammond .... 10 00 Friends, per Mrs. W. D. : Miss M ary M. Hall ...... 5 00 R ankin ...... 38 50 Rev. H. Ross Hume .... 5 0C First Cong., Seattle, Rev. Dr. and Mrs: T. H. W a sh ...... 1 05 H anna ...... 12 «0 Friend, Petrolia, Pa.. 10 00 Mr. J. C. H einrich ...... 30 00 Friend, Midway, Pa ...... 2 00 Mrs. H. W. Heisler .... 25 00 J. M. and S. E dw in | Rae M. Heisler ...... 10 00 F razer ...... 2 00 Miss Bertha H ouston ___ 3 00 Friend, Alexandria, Pa... 1 50 Mr. A. B. Hamilton ___ 100 00 Mrs. H. Ferguson’s Class, Mr. and Mrs. Cyrus Hoov- Wheatland, 111...... 2 00 i er ...... 3 00 Friend of India ...... 3 00 ! Mr. Chas. Huston ...... 18 00 Mr. and Mrs. Geo. H. R ev. Dr. and Mrs. J. G. G ilm ore ...... 50 00 H unt ...... 10 00 P rof. J. S. G am ble ...... 1 00 Hutchinson, Kans., Cnner. 10 00 Mr. W. F. Goldspohn ----- 3 50 i Mr. and Mrs. John Hogg, uirls’ Intermediate Class, | Sr...... 12 00 First, Sewickley, Pa... 10 00 ! Mr. Wm. Hutton ...... 1 00 Mr. W. B. Glasgow .. .. 1 00 A. D. Hutchison ...... 10 00 Miss Joella F. Gowdy ----- 5 00 Herbert Hunter ...... 25 RevJ W . W . Gordon ----- 1 00 Rev. John Heslip ...... 10 00 Mrs. R. S. Ginnes ...... 1 00 Miss Bertha H ogue ...... 1 00 Kate and Joe Gladden... 5 00 1 J. M. H utchison ...... 12 00 Miss Margaret A. Given 20 00 R. A. and Mrs. Hender­ Miss Elizabeth Gillis .... 5 00 son ...... 5 00 \V. 3B. G ilm ore ...... 4 20 1 M. E. H erdm an ...... 12 00 Mr. J. G. Glasgow ...... 12 00 Mrs. M. J. Houston ----- 30 0C Mi'S. M. M. G ibson ...... 5 00 i Rev. and Mrs. H. L. Hen- Judge Jas. M. Galbreath 12 00 S derson ...... 2 00 Mrs. Jennie T. Gibson .. 5 00 Mr. Hamilton ...... 1 00 Misses S. and J. Gilmour 5 00 C. M. H enderson ...... 5 00 Mr. Wm. Grafton ----- 5 00 Alex. M. Hamilton ...... 1 00 M rs. R. S. Grim es ...... 2 00 M iss Glenn O. H en der­ Miss Helen Faye Graham 1 00 son ...... 5 00 Girls’ Mission Circle, Miss Belle Harper ...... 25 00 Princeton, Ind...... 1 2 or Marietta Hamilton ...... 1 00 Rev. and Mrs. W. F. Gra­ I Mr. and Mrs. Chas. R. ham ...... 5 00 H anna ...... 12 00 Mr. and Mrs. Alvin R. Hazel Honeyman and her G raham ...... 15 00 Class, Willing Workers 12 00 “Glad Tidings” ...... 12 00 Helping Hand Class, Mr. Isaac Gillespie ...... 2 00 T arkio, M o...... 12 00 Rev. Dalton Galloway .. 3 00 Mrs. Martha Hunter’s Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Gib­ Class, Latrobe, Pa. .. 5 00 son ...... 10 00 Mr. J. S. Irwin and fam­ Mr. F. R. Gilmore ...... 10 00 ily ...... 5 00 Rev. Walter Getty ...... 10 00 Interested ones at Brook­ “Get the Habit,” Low ings, S. D ...... 20 00 M oor, la ...... 10 00 In Christ’s Name ...... 25 0C Jennie E. Gilmore ...... 5 00 Mr. Iron’s Class, First, L. W. Gordon ...... 2 00 Los Angeles, Calif...... 13 50 Dr. M. E. Garrett ...... 5 00 Miss Jennie M. Inches.. 1 00 C. I. G. Class, Hickory, In M em ory o f Mrs. M. J. P a...... 10 00 Brown’s Mother ...... 25 00 Jas. W. Gilmore ...... 10 00 In Memory of Rev. R. H. Mrs. S. M. G ordon and Mulholland ...... 25 00 daugh ter ...... 5 00 Miss Ella Junk ...... 2 0C R. E. Giffen ...... 10 00 M r.; David Junk ...... 10 00 Miss Katherine K. George 15 00 Mrs. David Junk ...... 2 00 Mrs. Jane Gibson ...... 5 00 Mr. L. P. Junk ...... 2 00 Rev. and Mrs. J. A. Grier, Rev. A. J. Johnson ...... 5 00 D .D ., L L .D ...... 10 00 Juniors of Bovina Center, Garrett Bible Class, First, N. Y ...... 8 00 R ev. W . M. Jackson .... 12 00 Detroit, Mich...... 7 00 1 80 Mr. E. E. Gordon ...... 1 00 Juniors, Oakdale, Pa. ... Annual Report—Detailed, Statement of Treasurer. 305

J. O. C. Class," F irs t,r L os T. B. and E. S. Kelsey.. 5 00 A ngeles, Calif. ' 712 00 M rsv'J. C. K err ...... 12 00 Juniors, Hebron, Pa. .... 5 00! Andrew Kirk and family 5 00 Juniors, Aledo, 111...... 3 00 R. W. Knox ...... 5 00' Juniors, Winterset, la. .. 1' 45 Ml’s. W . B. K night ...... 1 00 Alice Jamison ...... 3 8« Elsie Kenning ...... 2 '(?0' Juniors, First,' Akron, King’s Daughters, Sche­ Ohio ...... 5 00' nectady, N. Y ...... 5 00 Junior and Intermediate M rs. G. N. K e e l i n g ...... l 00 Societies, Second, Chi­ Ardis Dean Keeling ___ 1 00 cago, 111...... 20 00 Eleanor Louise Kennedy . 5 00 Junior C. E. S., First, King’s Daughters, Cen­ Washington, la. ------1 00 tral, Omaha, Nebr...... 13 00 Junior Missionary Society, • John B. K err ...... 13 85 First, Pittsburgh, Pa. 4 00 King’s Daughters, First, Juniors, Ireton, la ...... 5 35 Bufgettstown, Pa...... 5 00 Juniors, Shannon City, Mr. E. Downing Kerr .. 5 00 ‘ la ...... 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. M. T. Kiss­ S. A. J a ck ...... 5 00 inger ...... 5 00 Juniors, Indianola, la... 12 00 Mrs. R. M. Knox, per Mrs. E lizabeth Johnson .. 7 00 Women’s Board ...... 5 00 Junior Missionary Society, King’s Daughters, Fourth, Second, Wheeling, W. Allegheny, Pa ...... 23 75 Va...... 12 00 Mattie B. Keys ...... 6 00 Junior Missionary Society, Mrs. J. W. Liggitt ___ 1 00; Seaman, Ohio ...... 4 00 Miss Jennie R. Lynn .... 5 00 Mrs. Ralph Johnston ----- 1 00 Miss Kate Laughead ... 15 00 Mr. A. M. Johnston .... 25 00 Mrs. Evelyn Lathrop 2 50 Juniors, Tenth, Phila., Mr. J. R. Lldgerwood .... 22 00 Pa...... 12 00' Mrs. A . C. L illie ...... ‘ '5 00 Junior C. E. S., Wilming­ M rs. S. E. L ipps ...... 12 00 ton, D el...... 1 00 Mr. Robt. Livingston .. 50 00 Juniors, Unity, Pa ...... 5 00 Miss Iva B. Laing ...... 12 00 Junior Mission Band, Miss Florence V. Long .. 1 00 McCoysville, Pa ...... 17 00 S. R. L ove ...... 5 00 “Jayhawker” ...... 12 00 Mrs. M. M. Libbey 12 00 Junior Philathea Class, Mrs. Rhoda A. Lawther .. 12 50 First, Los Angeles, Ladies’ Flower Mission, Calif...... 3 00 Smith St., Paterson, O. N. Johnston ...... 5 00 N. J...... 25 00 Dr. A nna M. J a c k ...... 2 00 Mr. Geo. H. Leitch ...... 10 00 Juniors, East Side, Gary, Mrs. M. L eitch ...... 10 00 Ind ...... 2 00 Miss N. E. Lease ...... 6 00 Juniors of Chartiers, Lois Boyd Lake ...... 12 00 Canonsburg, Pa ...... 12 00 Rev. Jas. D. Lytle ...... 1 00 Junior Missionary Society, Loveland, Colo., Cong. .. 10 00 East Greenwich, N. J. W . L anning ...... 10 00 Y., per Women’s Board 14 00 John W. and Sadie Law­ Johnston Eros...... 100 00 rence ...... 12 00 Mr. and M rs. J. E rvin Mr. Wm. Little ..: .. 10 00 Kyle ...... 1 00 Ralph H. Livingston, On­ Miss E. I. Kerr ...... 25 00 tario, Oreg. Sabbath Miss Ella Kerr ...... 12 00 School ...... 12 00 Mr. W illis B. K ilp at­ Mrs. Jean Boyd' Lake .. 12 00 rick ...... 5 00 Miss Elizabeth Lambie .. 1 00 Mr. A. T. K a s l e y ...... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. Ora Leslie . 50 00 Mr. G. I. K irk ton and Mrs. Lambie ...... 5 00 Mr. and M rs. F. V. J. Ralph Lyons ------.... 5 00 K irkton ...... 17 00 Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Lytle 5 00 Lydia E. Kirkpatrick .. 5 00 Mr. R obt. S. L ee ...... 100 00 Mrs. John C. K e l s o ...... 5 00 M rs. H. C. L ytle ...... 5 00 Rev. Jos. Kyle, D.D., M rs. J. G. Lam bie ...... 1 00 LL.D...... 15 00- Miss Janet Lyon ...... 1 00 Miss Mary A. K err ...... 5 00 Mrs. C. W. Laird and Helen T. Kerr ...... 50 Misses Claire and Jes­ Robt M. I£err ...... 50 sie Cleland Leigh ----- 15 00 Mr- and Mrs. Edwin Ladies’ Aid Society, Sec­ K err ...... 5 00 ond, New Wilmington, Mr. ‘ Robt. K en- ...... 15 00 P a...... 12 00 Miss Corinoe Kirkpat­ Miss Lewis’ Class, Sec­ rick ...... 2 00 ond, Philada., Pa ...... 5 00 Miss Florence Kyle ...... 2 00 Miss Janet M. Lambie .. 20 00 Mrs. E lla M cK ee K rau er 12 00 L ad ies’ A id Society, Mr. and Mrs. H ow ard Saundersville, Mass. .. 10 00 Kilgore ...... - 12 .00 A nna M. L o n g ...... 5 0C R* E. K e r r ...... 5 00 Ladies Aid Society, Buf­ Miss Marthabel Kilpat­ falo, Slate Lick, Pa... . 12 00: rick ...... ; 1 . 00; Anna Lindsay’s Class,. Mrs. M argaret' W . K il' Birmingham, la...... 1 00' lough ...... • 12 00 - Loyal Daughters’ - Class, ^ E. K ennedy ...... ■ 5 00 No. 10, Latrobe, Pa. .. 5 Ot 3o6 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Lebanon Cong., Mercer, Ladies* Missionary So­ Pa...... 40 00 ciety, Long Beach, Cal. 5 00 C. L. Valencia, Pa ...... 12 00 Ladies’ Missionary So­ Ladies’ Missionary So­ ciety, North Henderson, ciety, Duncanville, 111.. 15 00 IU...... 12 00 Ladies’ Missionary So- Ladies’ Missionary So­ cièty and Kfeokuk, la., ciety, Sterling, Kans... 12 00 Cong...... 47 00 Ladies’ Missionary So- Ladies’ Missionary So­ ciety, McClellan cieties, Allegheny Pres­ Heights. Davenport, by tery ...... 12 00 la...... 12 00 Ladies’ Missionary and Ladies’ Missionary....So­ Aid Society, First, Den­ ciety, St. Clair....Car­ ver, C olo...... 36 00 negie, Pa...... 14 00 Ladies’ Missionary So- Ladies’ Missionary So­ ciety, Mars, Pa...... 12 00 ciety, Parma, Idaho .. 1?, 00 Ladies’ Missionary So­ Ladies’ Missionary So­ ciety, Romeo, Colo 28 00 ciety, Marissa, 111...... 5 00 Ladies’ Missionary So­ Ladies’ Missionary So­ ciety, Sparta, HL 18 00 ciety, First, Kansas Ladies’ Missionary So­ City, Mo...... 9 65 ciety, Willammette, Ore. 5 00 Ladies’ Missionary So­ Ladies’ Missionary So­ ciety, Clarinda, la...... 15 00 ciety, Laurel Hill, Pa.. * 17 00 Ladies’ Missionary So­ Ladies’ Missionari' So­ ciety, First, Seattle, ciety, Commerce,...M il­ Wash...... 2 25 ford , M ich...... 12 00 Ladies’ Missionary So­ Ladies’ Missionary So­ ciety, First, Erie, Pa... 12 00 ciety, Eljnwood, Des Ladies' Missionary So­ M oines, la ...... 13 00 ciety, Colorado, Presby­ Ladies’ Missionary So­ tery, per Women’s ciety, Jordon’s Grove, Board ...... 19 00 Til ...... 12 00 Ladies’ Missionary So­ Ladies’ Missionary So­ ciety, Philada. Presby­ ciety. San Diego, Calif. 16 50 tery, per Women’s Ladies’ Missionary So­ Board ...... 5 00 ciety, Paxton, 111...... 23 25 Ladies’ Missionary So­ Ladies’ Missionary So­ ciety, Cleveland Pres­ ciety, O xford, Ohio ... 13 15 bytery, per Women’s Ladies’ Missionary So­ Board ...... G 00 ciety, Salem, N. T 15 OC Ladies’ Missionary So- Ladles’ Missionary So­ ciety, Lake Presby- ciety, Southwick, Idaho 7 70 tery, per Women’s Ladles’ Missionary So­ Board 13 00 ciety, First, Xenia, Ladies’ Missionary So­ O hio ...... 10 00 ciety. Indiana Presby­ Ladies’ Missionary So­ tery, per Women’s ciety, Steubenville, Board ...... 12 00 O hio ...... 25 00 I Ladies’ Missionary So­ Ladies’ Missionary So- ciety, Los Angeles Pres­ cièty, Browndale, Pa. .. 12 00 I bytery, per Women’s Ladies’ Missionary So- » Board ...... 12 00 ciety, Richmond, Ohio .. 12 00 i Ladies1 Missionary So­ Ladies* Missionary * So- j ciety, Muskingum Pres­ ciety, Second Division, i bytery, per Women’s F irst, W ashin gton , la . 20 00 ! B oard...... 17 00 Ladies’ Missionary So­ Ladles’ Missionary So­ ciety, St. Claire, Mt. I ciety, New Alexan­ Lebanon, Pa...... 46 00 ; dria, Pa...... 12 00 Ladies’ Missionary So­ Ladies’ Missionary So­ ciety, Renfrew, Pa. ... 12 00 ciety, Tenth, Pitts­ Ladies’ Missionary So­ burgh, Pa...... 5 00 ciety, ReynoldsviUe, Ladies’ Missionary So­ O hio ...... 12 00 ciety, West Beaver, Ladies* Missionary So­ East Liverpool, Ohio... 7 00 ciety, Leeehburg, Pa. .. 12 00 Ladies’ Missionary So­ Ladies’ Missionary So­ ciety, Fourth, Pitts­ ciety, Concordia, Kans. 12 00 burgh, Pa...... 12 00 Ladies’ Missionary So­ Mr. John R. Metz .... 1 00 ciety, Boise, Idaho 5 00 Miss Mary E. Miller . 10 00 Ladies' Missionary So­ Mr. C. J. Mitchell .. 10 00 ciety, First, Canton, Mr. W . R. Matthews 12 00 O hio ...... 12 50 Mrs. Elizabeth Miller 1 00 Ladies' Missionary and Member of Union Cong. Aid Society, Oxford, Monongahela Presby­ P a...... 5 00 tery ...... 5 00 Ladies’- Missionary So­ Mr. E. J. Mackey ...... 1 00 ciety, Pitzer, la. . 5 00 Misses Margaret E. and Ladies’ Missionary So­ Sara A. M oore...... 12 00 ciety, Rooseveflt, Okla... 12 00 Mrs. Geto. M. M iller...... 2 00 Annual Report--Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 3 0 7

Mr. Geo. I. Maxwell .... 10 00 Mrs. E. I. Moore ...... 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. N. J. E. Moline, 111., Cong...... 12 00 M artin ...... •5 00 Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Mason 2 00 Rev. Wm. Murchie ...... 5 00 Mr. J. Duff Mason . 1 00 Members of German Miss Dora M ason ...... 5 00 Evangelical Church ___ 16 46 Blanche Milne ...... 4 00 H. R. and E. E. Mor­ Miss S. E. Marshall ___ 1 00 ton ...... 20 00 A. W. Mabon ...... 5 00 T . P. C. E ., R om ine, Men’s Berean Bible Class, Prairie, 111 ...... 20 00 B eaver, P a ...... 13 65 P. Y. Boggs, W. K. Park­ Mrs. J. J. Melick ...... 5 00 inson ...... 20 00 Miss Katherine B. Mason 4 00 J. Lawrence Montgomery 5 00 Miss Florence M. Mason. 3 00 Mr. Peter Moffat ...... 24 00 Member of Highland Miss Mina J. M urray ----- 12 00 Church, New Castle, Mrs. M. J. M aley . *.... 12 00 P a...... 5 00 H. L. Miner ...... 15 00 M rs John IVTorrow 5 00 Margaret J. Means ...... 5 00 Miss Alice Mahaffey .... 1 00 Mrs. J. P. Matthews ___ 5 00 Mrs. H. P. M eeds ...... 3 50 Milne Family, Monmouth, Ada Dickey Means ...... 2 50 HI...... 5 00 Men’s Brotherhood, First, Mr. Jas. S. M artin ...... 40 00 McKeesport, Pa ...... 7 00 Mr. and Mrs. Andrew S. Member of Second, Pitts­ M iller ...... 12 00 burgh, Pa.T C ong...... 2 00 Miss Victorine M iller ----- 3 00 Robert Marshall ...... 2 00 Mr. Clyde L. Moore ----- 5 00 Mt. Lebanon, Pa., Cong. 35 00 Mr. John G. M eyer ...... 12 00 Mrs. Herman Miller ----- 5 00 E. C. Morley ...... 10 00 Mr. Thos. Murray ...... 12 00 Rev. D. E. Magill ...... 1 00 2Viarv A. M artin ••• • 1 00 Mrs. A. J. Meek and Mrs. J. M uirhead ...... - 12 00 W. E. Borders ...... 5 00 Member of First U. P. E. L. M., Cleveland, Ohio 2 00 Cong, of the Cove, Pa. 5 00 Mr. Ralph W. Martin ... 12 00 M. E . S. M o r r is o n ...... 5 00 MIbs Sara B. M orrow ___ 8 00 Men’s Class, Eleventh, Mothers’ Class, Minden, Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 12 00 N ebr...... 10 00 M. B. Mitchell and fam­ Monmouth, Calif., Cong. . 24 00 ily ...... 5 00 Mr. Merle D. Montgomery 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. W. C. Moyle 1 00 Mrs. Lizzie Milligan ----- 12 00 Ethel and Bessie Moyle.. 2 00 Mr. Jesse T. M ack ...... 25 00 J. T. and M. M. Moore .. 24 00 Miss Emma R. Marshall . 12 01) Mr. Robt. Malone’s Sab­ “Members of Tuscarora bath School Class, C ong.” ...... 25 00 Chartiers, Pa...... 6 00 Lena M. Matthews ...... 2 00 Mr. F. T. Martin’s Sab­ P. M., Caledonia, N. Y.. 1 00 bath School Class, Den­ Mite for Gujranwala, nison, Kans...... 3 25 Monmouth, 111 ...... 5 00 Miss Hazel Mechling’s Rev. T. G. M orrow ...... 5 00 Sabbath School Class, Rev. J. H. Miller ...... 25 00 Latrobe, Pa ...... 2 00 Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Mans­ Mission Study Class, of field ...... 12 00 Miss Lenore Colwell----- 65 00 Moffett and Gilbert Mit­ Miss Mary McElree ----- 5 00 chell ...... 2 00 Mr. A. H. McWhorter .. 1 50 Chas. Montgomery ...... 2 00 Mr. E. J. M cCoy ...... 1 00 Miss Anna Mary Moore.. 10 00 Mrs. Margaret D. McKee 1 00 The Misses Megchelsen.. 24 00 E. P. McVey ...... 10 00 Men's Bible Class, First, Mr. J. D. McKinley ----- 2 00 Los Angeles, Calif. .... 26 00 Mrs. Mary A. McManis.. 5 00 Mr. F red. C. M acM illan. 12 00 Mr. J. J. McKnight .... 15 00 Missionary Committee of Mrs. J. E. McCleery ___ 12 00 C. E. S., H ighland W. A. McBfeen and Moth­ Park, Los Angeles, Cal. 32 50 er ...... 25 00 Mrs.. J. E . M artin ...... 1 00 Hattie and Lena McQuis- Rev. A. R. Munford ----- 12 00 ton ...... 50 00 Member of Homewood Dr. H. T. McLaughlin... 12 00 Cong., Pittsburgh, Pa.. 2 00 Mrs. M. L. McClenahan .. 2 00 Mrs. J. C. Mitchell ...... 12 00 Mrs. Sara C. M cCall ----- 20 00 Mrs. Jane T. Milligan .. 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. W. J. Mc­ Miss Anna A. Milligan.. 20 00 D ow ell ...... 5 00 Mr. and M rs. S. A . M oore 7 00 Miss Margaret E. Mc- Mrs. V iola M ullun ...... 10 00 Clester ...... 12 00 Mrs. Ella M. M axwell'.. 5 00 Mrs.' Mary McKinley and Mr. G eorge M artin ___ 12 00 daughter ...... 6 00 Florence B. Mench .... 2 00 Mr. J. S. M cD aniel ------6 00 Mrs. J. M artin M iller and Mr. and Mrs. W. G. Mc­ „ daughters ...... 8 00 K enzie ...... 10 00 Mr. W . A . M illigan ___ 1 0 0 Miss Fannie Mcllvain .. 3 00 Member of the O. A. B. Mrs. Geo. McCormick----- 20 00 C. Class, H om er City, Mr. F. W. McKee ...... & 00 Pa...... 1 00 Rev. W. H. McMaater, ^ielen M. Milne ■ 5 00 P h.D ...... 5 00 30S Annual Report—Detaited Statement of Treasurer.

M rs. W . C. M oC leery .... 7 50 Mrs. Eva N. Noble ...... 12 50 Mrs. R.- S. M cC ully ...... 10 00 Rev. Chas. E. N ash ...... 3 00 Mrs. M. J. McCahon .... 12 00 Ninth Ave., Monmouth, Mrs. L. J. McFarland ----- 60 00 111., C ong...... 21 50 Elizabeth McFarland ... 50 0« Elizabeth Nelson ...... 5 00 Mrs. Morton C. Campbell 50 00 One who would love to Jeannette McFarland .... 50 00 do more, Monmouth, 111. 2 00 Miss Mary McPJiarl .... 25 00 One Interested, Kimbol- Miss Eleanor McKinley .. 7 00 ton, Ohio...... 1 00 Sarah A. McPherson .... 5 00 One Interested in the Miss Marguerite' McCal- Work, McAlevy’s Fort, lister’s Sabbath School P a...... 1 00 Class, First, Colorado One Interested, Tarkio, Springs, Colo...... 10 00 M o...... 5 00 M r. D. C. M cG ee ...... 12 00 One Interested, Slippery Mr. and Mrs. Peter Mc- R ock , P a ...... 5 00 C ornack ...... 100 00 One who reads the Miss Ada McQuiston ... 5 00 Church Papers ...... 1 2 00 Miss Orpha McKitrick .. 18 00 One who would like to do Mrs. C. B. McConnell----- 10 00 more if he were in po­ W. K. McCausland from sition to do so ...... 1 00 Richmond, Ohio, Sab­ Organized Adult Bible bath School ...... 12 00 Class, Leechburg, Pa... 5 00 M. E. McMillin ...... One who is interested Miss Henrietta McGregor from Bristol, Colo...... 12 00 Mrs. Elizabeth McCreary One who is glad to help. 12 00 H. E. MeClenahan ...... Outlook Class, Second, Mrs. Harriet E. McClellan Washington, Pa...... 17 00 Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Ira One interested in the boys, G. McCreary ...... 10 00 New Castle, Pa...... 1 00 Mr. Hugh McKay’s Sab­ Mr. Wm. R. Paterson .. 5 00 bath School Class, Miss Maria Patterson .... 2 00 North Shenango, Pa. .. 3 00 Rev. J. L. Pinkerton .... 18 00 Mr. and Mrs. Thos. Mc- Mr. and Mrs. S. G. Philips 2 00 K n igh t ...... 12 00 R ev. J. S. P ollock ...... 5 .00 Dr. V. W. McClanahan .. 21 51 Mrs. W. L. Patterson .. 10 00 Mr. John McMillan ...... 1 00 Mr. Clyde Powell ...... 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. T. A. Mc- Philadora Society, of Ce­ P hilim y ...... 2 00 dar Rapids, la ...... 25 00 Mr. and Mrs. Sam’l Mc- Eleanor Wallace Patter­ Crea ...... 12 00 son ...... 25 00 Miss Belie McClymonds Mrs. W. Bruce Park .... 12 00 and her Sabbath School "Price of a Visit” ...... 5 00 Class ...... *...... 12 00 Mrs. M. E. Pappine .... 5 00 Rev. J. Reade McCrory .. 5 00 Primary Dept, and Three J. Logan and Mary Alice Ladies of the Pueblo, M cF arland ...... 3 05 Colo., Cong...... 12 50 Mrs. Martha Clegg Mc­ Master Donald Paul ___ 1 00 Cullough ...... 1 00 Primary Dept., Sharon, Mrs. R. C. McQuilkin ... 50 00 P a ...... 15 00 Mr. J. A. McMorris .... 12 00 Primary Class, First, New Lillian McConnell Mis­ Wilmington, Pa ...... 5 00 sionary Society, Turtle R ev. C. C. P otter and 12 00 fam ily ...... 2 00 Elizabeth McKay Bibie Primary Dept.. Birthday Class, Bellevue, Pa. .. 5 00 Money, Sewickley, Pa.. 1 00 Mrs. W. W. McCallen .. 2 50 Misses Lizzie and Mary Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Mc­ P ainter ...... 10 00 Callen ...... 2 50 Philathea Class, First, Mrs; M. E. McCracken .. 2 00 Los Angeles, Calif...... 12 00 Rev. and Mrs. R. P. Mc- Mr. and Mrs, H. T. Pat­ Clester ...... terson ...... 2 50 Mr. Wm. K. McConnell.. Mrs. Ada Pringle ...... 5 00 Mrs. MJcKeason...... Miss Florence Porter .... 1 00 Albert McKnight ...... W . C. P orter ...... 10 00 Nellie D. McBride ...... Pro Bono Class, Santa Mrs. H. J. McClure .... A na, C alif...... 32 50 Miss Annie J. M cK ee ___ Mrs. G. R. Pinkerton .... 4 00 Mr. J. B. McKitrick .... Mrs. S. J. Patterson .... 1 00 Mrs. H. McCreary’s Sab­ Thos. A. Purdy ....----- 5 00 bath School Class, First, Pittsburgh, Pa...... 1 00 New Concord, O hio ___ 6 25 Rev. Robt. J. Picken ... 10.00 Miss Ida McKee's Sab­ Mr, and Mrs. Robt. M. bath School Class, First, P alm er ...... • 1- 00 2- 00 Colorado Springs, Colo. 24 00 Mrs. R. L. P ollock ...... Mr. George Neal ...... 1 00 Primary Dept., Cam­ H. M. Neal ...... bridge, O hio ...... 13 00 27 00 Primary Dept., Guthrie,' Misses Nullmeyer ...... 2 00 Nada Lumber Camp, Okla...... • a.-oo Primary Class, Hopewell, Stanton College, Stan­ :3 CO ton, K y ...... 4 53 Beloit, Kansas ...... Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 3 0 9

Mr. and Mrs. Chas. Porter 12 00 School Teacher, New H. R. Patton ...... 6 00 Concord, Ohio ...... 10 00 Mr. George Pearson ___ 2 00 Mr. R. W. Sprague ___ 5 00 Primary Class, No. 1, Mr. and Mrs. H. E. Strain 5 00 Ryegate, Vt...... 5 00 R. R. Sloan ...... 12 00 Philathea Class, Marissa, J. E. and E . L . S a p p ___ 20 00 111...... 8 00 F. N. Seigle ...... 12 00 Primary Dept., Home­ Mr. and Mrs. Thos. W. wood, Pittsburgh, Pa... S 00 Spicer ...... £ 00 Queen Esther Bible Mr. and Mrs. Howard H. Class, First, Chicago, Sm ith ...... 12 50 111...... 12 00 Second, New Wilmington, Miss Christine Robinson 5 00 Pa., C ong...... 5 00 Kev. R. M. Russell, D.D., Seventeen Members of LL.D ...... 20 00 Cóng. and Sabbath Mrs. Mary J. Radcliffe... 12 00 School, Washburn, 111.. 40 00 Mr. and M rs. John B. Second, New Concord, R obinson ...... 5 00 Ohio, Cong...... 1 00 Mrs. Elizabeth Redpath.. 5 00' M. S., Des Moines, la. .. 1 00 Irvine Reaney ...... 1 00 Mrs. A. H. Smith and Miss Mary E. Roddy ----- 12 00 Miss Laura Smith ___ 15 00 Mrs. Wm. M. Riddle ----- 5 00 Mrs. C. H. and V era Rev. A. R. Rankin ...... 5 00 Strong ...... 5 00 Mrs. J. W . R eynolds .... 27 00 W. L. Smith and fam ily.. 12 00 RoCk Island, 111., Cong... 20 00 Mr. and Mrs. F. C. Smith 10 00 T. H. Robinson ...... 5 00 Miss Esther Smith ...... 5 00 Miss Belle M. Ross ...... 2 00 Siloam Springs ...... 5 00 Carrie M. Reed ...... 50 00 Mrs. A. H. Schory ...... 25 00 Misses Jennie and Mary * Miss Shield’s Class, Sec­ R ogers ...... 2 00 ond, New Wilmington, Mr. Claire C. Reed ...... 2 00 P a...... 12 00 S. L loyd R eed ...... 5 00 Rev. David Strang, D.D. 2 00 Est. of Carrie Rogers, Second, Xenia, Ohio, Cong. 239 ¿8 D eceased ...... 50 00 Mrs. Alex. Smith ...... 12 00 Mrs. Rebecca C. Robison 1 00 S. P. A., South Zanes­ Mrs. Margaret E. Robeson 12 00 ville, Ohio ...... 5 00 Mr. W . V. R itch ie ...... 12 00 Mr. Henry Smith ...... 12 00 Mrs. R. B. Robinson ... 2,03 A. C. and M. J. Smith .... 3 00 Harold and Robert Ral­ Miss L. A. Shannon ...... 1 00 ston ...... 2 00 Sewickley, Pa., Contrib­ Miss Pearl Riddle ...... 5 00 utors ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. N. Red­ Springfield, Ohio, Cong. .. 1 25 path ...... 12 00 Sara Smith ...... 1 00 Mr. and M rs. L. D eV . Miss Mary B. Shields ... 1 00 Regnier ...... 5 00 Mrs. R. D. Sutton ...... 5 00 C. A. R eece ...... 6 00 Second, Monmouth, 111., Mr. R eece, S r...... 1 00 C ong...... 5 00 Kev. D. A. Russell...... 12 00 A lice M. Stevenson .... 10 00 Geo. R oberts ...... a oo Mrs. Inez Stine ...... 6 00 Miss Jane Robinson ...... 5 00 San Francisco Presby... 3 57 Res Agenda Club, First, Mrs. May C. Storment .. 1 00 ¡Seattle, W ash ...... 8 75 Southfield, Mich., Cong... 15 46 Catherine Ramsey ...... 12 03 Sabbath Schóol Class, iVlr. E. N. Raines ...... 5 00 M oline, 111...... 1 00 Kev. W. H. R eed ___ :... 5 00 Sabbath School Class, Miss M. M. Rohe and No. 8, Red Oak, Iowa .. 24 00 ¡Niece ...... 9 00 Sabbath School Class, Mary and Helen Reeder .. 5 00 C. T. N., Tenth, Pitts­ Mr. W. H. Rutherford.. 12 00 burgh, Pa. 1...... 6 00 Mr. Jos. M. S a p p ...... 15 00 Sabbath School Class, No. 16, Sparta, 111...... 33 00 Dwight Sawhill ...... 2 00 Sabbath School Class, Mr. John G. Struble ----- 10 0o N o. 21, Sparta, 111...... 12 00 Kev. S. J. Shaw, 1_>. D... 20 00 Sabbath School Class, Mr. L ee S perry ...... 8 00 *vir.r Elgin b h i r l e y ...... Washington, Iowa ___ 16 00 20 00 Sabbath School Class, Revv and M rs. A . J. Seigle 5 UU No. 6, Kirkwood, 111... 2 50 fiank a. Smith ...... 20 00 Sabbath School Class, Miss Nannie J. Spencer 22 00 No. 9, Kirkwood, 111... x4 75 Mr.'Thos. A. Stew art ----- 12 00 Second Primary Sabbath Miss M. J. Smith ...... 3 00 School Class, Columbus Mrs; Fred. S eoring 12 00 City, la ...... 2 20 Miss Anna M. Shane ___ 2 00 Sabbath School Class, Mr. 'John Stinson ...... 12 00 No. 19, Fourth, Alle­ Mrs, L izzie J. Steele .... 10 00 gheny, Pa. ..: ...... 7 00 School Girl, Homer City, Pa...... Sabbath School Classes, 1 00 Greeley, Colo...... 29 70 Miss Esther stine ...... 6 00 Sabbath School Class, Mrs. W. R. Sawhill . . . . 1 00 King’s Workers, Win­ Miss Hinda Stew art ...... 8 00 chester, Kans...... 2 06 P*v S. c. Shane ...... • 100 00 Maxwell D» Witt Safford 2 #* 3io Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer,

Sabbath School Class, Fourth, Cleveland, Ohio. 36 00 Denver, Colo...... 2 00 Springfield, Mercer, pa. .. 13 50 Sabbath School Class, Camp Creek Mission .... 12 00 No:' 3, W e st Sunbury, McMahon’s Creek, War- P a...... 6. 80 nock, Ohio ...... 23 25 Sabbath School Class, Mt. Ayr, Iowa ...... 14 50 N o. 18, T arkio, M o. . . 28 00 Greenfield, Iowa ...... 3 00 Sabbath School Class, Second, Chicago, 111...... 140 00 No. 4, Homer City,, Pa. 1 00 Irwin, Pa, ...... 50 00 Sabbath School Class, Earlham, la ...... 4 07 No. 4, Mountville, Ell- Scotland, Ind...... 7 6Y wood City, Pa ...... 24 00 Emsworth, Pa ...... 28 31 Sabbath School Class, H anover, 111...... 32 00 No. 1«, First, Colum- ¡ Jefferson, Brookville, Pa. 5 00 bus, Ohio ...... 12 50 ! Struthers, Ohio ...... 10 00 Sabbatji Schools, as follows: j Chikaskia, Kans...... 2 77 Cedarwood, Colo., Mission 5 00 j Carnahan Creek, Garrison, First, Cambridge, Mass. 12 00 K an s...... 5 52 Pasadena, Calif...... 8 00 I Ligonier, Pa ...... 10 00 King's Mines Mission 6 00 i Second, New Concord, Shushan, N. Y ...... 31 21 : O hio ...... 28 65 South Henderson, Glad- ' : Coilav N. Y ...... 3 14 stone, 111...... 12 Ou ; Second, Mercer, Pa...... 25 00 Bellevue, Pa ...... 50 00 i Burlington, la ...... 21 70 First, Topeka, Kans. .. 18 00 I Lakewood, Pa...... 12 00 Bellefontaine, Ohio ...... 31 50 Morgan Hill, Calif...... 6 60 Florida, Pattersonville, ; Germantown, Phila., Pa. 12 00 N. Y ...... 31 50 ! W ilton, 111...... 15 00 Mission Creek, Kans 12 00 i First, Schenectady, N. Y. 15 00 Walton, Kans...... 15 0U | Bear Creek, Kans...... 5 00 Duncanville, 111...... 27 0u i Salineville, Ohio ...... 12 00 Second, Washington, la.. 14 00 i Plum Creek, Creekside, Chester, W. Va ...... 15 21 P a...... 12 00 First, Turtle Creek, Pa,.. 12 00 Second, Monmouth, 111. 12 00 Olena, Stronghurst, 111.. 33 20 ! Hanover, Hookstown, Pa. 14 00 Winterset, Iowa ...... 12 50 Albia, Ipwa ...... 22 40 Boulevard, Denver, Colo. 12 00 I Hampton, Pa ...... 10 00 Granger, Wash...... 12 00 First, Cleveland, Ohio... 50 00 First, Wilkinsburg, Pa... 100 t)0 Third, Pittsburgh, Pa... 29 16 Crawfordsville, la ...... 6 64 Homewood, Pittsburgh, Red Oak, Iowa ...... 16 00 ! P a...... 64 68 West Allis, Wis ...... 5 00 ! College Springs, lowa ___ 25 00 First, Washington, D. C. 12 00 ! Ninth Ave., Monmouth, Freeport, Pa...... 12 00 I m; ...... 110 18 Blairsville, Pa...... 12 00 I Newton, Iow a ...... 15 00 Second, Wheeling, W.J/a. 12 00 Í A valon, P a ...... 15 00 Richmond, Kansas ...... 12 00 I Canton, Ohio ...... 12 50 De Witt, Iowa ...... 10 00 1 First, Detroit, Mich ...... 12 00 Minden, Nebr...... 21 85 j Atlantic, Iowa ...... 8 00 Crestón, la ...... 12 00 ! Belle Center, Ohio ...... 18 79 M oline, HI...... 6 00 . Henderson, Monmouth, Oakland, Calif...... 12 00 111...... 12 00 Cadiz, Ohio ...... 12 00 Sabbath School and W om­ Central Falls, R. 1...... 12 00 en’s Missionary Society, Shedds, Oregon ...... 16 10 Stanwood, la ...... 24 00 Clinton, Mass...... 12 00 Wm. Davidson Memorial, T arkio, M o...... 54 96 Hamilton, Ohio ...... 2 00 Caledonia, N. Y ...... 24 00 Two Friends of India ----- 25 00 Chicopee, Mass...... 12 00 Mr. J. H. Thompson ___ 2 00 Scottdale, Pa ...... 20 00 ; Mr. M. Lee Thompson .. 5 00 Chaftiers, Canonsburg, Pa. 25 00 Rev. John Teaz, D.D ...... 5 00 Second, Washington, Pa. 190 00 M r. A . S. T hom son ----- 5 00 Ellwood City, Pa...... 16 00 Mrs. James Tinning ...... 20 00 Wyoming, Iowa ...... 5 Ot) Mrs. R. B. Timmons ----- 5 00 Huntsville, Ohio...... 10 00 Two Friends, Washing­ Rushville, Ind...... 12 00 ton, la ...... 2 00 Eleventh, Pittsburgh, Pa. 95 30 Mrs. Ella Thursby ...... 1 00 Caledonia, Ind...... 12 00 Mr. A. M. Thompson ----- 50 00 First, St. Louis, Mo 25 00 Miss Eva B. Thompson.. 10 00 Centre Ridge, la...... 20 00 Mrs. M. M. Thompson.. 2 00 Second, Allegheny, Pa... 25 00 Two Friends, McKees­ M undale, W alton , N. Y. 4 05 y port, P a ...... 24 00 Little York, 111...... 34 38 Two Friends, Pittsburgh, Sixth, Allegheny, Pa 12 00 P a...... 10 00 Easton, Calif...... 12 «0 M r. J. C. Trum bull ...... 12 00 Weiser, Idaho ...... 17 43 Mr. Albert Taylor ...... 12 00 Boyden, Iowa ...... 12 00 Mr. John Thompson .... 1 00 Robinson's Run, McDon­ Mrs. W. T. Terrill...... 3 00 ald, P a ...... 70 00 Two Friends, Sewickley, First, Pueblo, Colo...... 12 50 Pa...... 6 00 Winchester, Kans...... 5 00 The Henry's ...... 12 00 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 311

Rev. H. B. Turner ...... 20 00 Miss Elizabeth M. Warden 50 00 Two Friends, Greensburg, Miss Martha B. Warden 50 00 Pa...... 5 00 Miss Alice F. Warden.. 50 00 Mr. W. Telford ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Wil­ Two Friends, Weiser, son ...... 100 00 Idaho ...... 5 00 Mr. T. P. W ilson ...... 12 «0 Two Philadelphia « Willing Workers, Hick­ F riends ...... 10 00 ory, Pa...... 12 00 The Mays Juniors ...... 12 00 Mrs. Mary M. W eir ...... 12 00 Two Sabbath School Miss Mary Wilson ...... 2 00 Classes, Pittsburgh, Mr. R. H. Williams .... 32 00 K an s...... 12 00 W. Z. Wylie ...... 12 00 Two Friends, Fowler, Cal. 5 00 Mr. Floyd Withrow .. . 1 00 R. J. Totten ...... 5 00 Mrs. Mary Wells and Miss Two Friends of Missions 15 00 Maud Wells ...- ...... 12 00 Two Friends, Alexis, 111. 2 00 M rs. F ann ie ifl. W a s so n .. 25 00 Miss Clementine Taggart 1 00 Agnes Wishart ...... 5 00 The Rea Sisters ...... 5 00 Elizabeth Wishart ...... 5 00 Two Cleveland Friends .. 2 00 Miss Jennie P. Wallace .. 1 00 Third Church, Pittsburgh, Miss J. W. White’s, Sab­ P a...... 12 00 bath School Class, Rix Two Friends of Fourth, Mills, Ohio ...... 5 00 Allegheny, Pa ...... 1 00 Mrs. Mary A. W oods ___ 25 00 Two Friends, Volant, Pa. 2 00 Mr. and Mrs. M. S. Woods 10 00 Two Members, Piper City, Emma R. W ilson ...... 2 00 111...... 10 25 Women’s Bible Class, Sec­ Three Members, Concor­ ond, New Wilmington, dia, K an s...... 12 00 P a ...... 25 00 True Blue Class, First, Anna M. Wilson ...... 12 00 Washington, la ...... 8 67 S. T . W rig h t ...... 12 00 Mr. and Mrs. Edw. Tuggy Willammette, Oakville, and Children ...... 5 00 Oregon, Congregation .. 10 00 The Goldfleld Juniors, Women’s Bible Class, Goldfield, la ...... 9 25 First, Los Angeles, Triangle Class, Fourth, C alif...... 6 50 Allegheny, P a ...... 5 00 Miss Esther W. Wilson .. 1 00 Three Friends, W est Mid­ Mr. John W alker ...... 10 00 dlesex, Pa...... 25 00 Mr. G. W. and Mrs. E. B. J. P ressly T h o m p s o n ----- 1 00 W hetston e ...... 25 00 Mrs. C. F . T ow nley ___ 2 00 Mr. John W ilson ...... 12 00 Mrs. J. C. T e n n a n t ...... 3 00 Mrs. Maggie A. Wolf and Two Friends, interested Rebecca E kin ...... 3 00 in the work, Monmouth, Harriet E. Wilson ...... 2 00 ■ 111...... 10 00 Miss Wright’s Class, Tennessee Presbytery ----- 22 50 First, Denver, Colo...... 12 00 Mr. T. A. Trowbridge.... 12 50 Mr. Mont M. Watson ------12 00 Miss Irene Thompson .. 10 00 Dr. Anna B. W atson ...... 5 00 United Workers’ Class, Winfield, la, C ong...... 25 00 First, Los Angeles, Cal. 1 55 Women's Sabbath School United Presbyterian, Class, McCoysville, Pa. 3 50 Philada., Pa ...... 11 00 Miss Elizabeth White ... 4 00 United Presbyterian Mrs. J. G. W illiam s ...... 1 00 Friend, Unity Sta., Pa. 2 00 Mrs. E. M. W ilson ...... 5 00 Unity Cong., Fairpoint, Mr. and Mrs. C. J. White 5 00 Ohio ...... 21 00 Rev. A. G. Wallace, D.D., Rev. A. S. Vincent, D.D. 5 00 L L .D ...... 10 00 Miss Rhuama Vincent.. 10 00 E dna W o o d s ...... 5 00 Vineyard Workers, Grove J. S. Wood ...... 5 00 City, Pa...... 5 00 Willing Hands Class, B. H. V oris ...... 5 00 Dunbar, P a ...... 12 00 D. D. V an L eu ...... 20 00 M r. H. S. W e s t b r o o k ___ 12 00 Miss Nora E. V iers ...... 1 00 Roy and Edna Wilson ... 10 00 R. C. V an ce and S isters. - 75 00 Mr. and Mrs. Watt ...... 12 00 Mr. L ouis V a n O rden ----- 5 00 R . C. W ilson ...... 5 00 Misses Wallmeyer ...... 5 00 Miss Lyda W herry ...... 10 00 Dr. W . J. W ilson, Jr. .. 5 00 Mr. N. R. Welland ...... 1 00 Miss Mary A. Walker .. 1 00 Mr. Matthew W ilson ----- 10 00 Miss M. A. Workman .... 3 00 Mrs. Martha Woodburn 1 00 Mr. S. M. W rig h t ...... 4 00 Mr. and Mrs. F. C. Wright 12 00 Woods Family, of Red X. T. Z., Beaver Falls, Pa. 5 00 Oak, la...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Yar- Rev. J. H . W h i t e ...... 5 00 nelle ...... 5 00 Misses J. A. and M. E. Young Women’s Mission­ Wright and Callie Grif­ ary Society, First, De­ fith ...... 12 00 troit, Mich...... 15 00 Mias L izzie W ad d le .... 1 00 Mrs. Samuel E. Young M. P. W ilson ...... 1 00 and Sister ...... 35 00 Miss May Winter 5 00 Young Ladies’ Missionary Hev. Dr. and M rs. H . F. Society, Big Spring, Wallace ...... 25 00 Newville, Pa ...... 12 KisB Fannie Warnock .. 5 00 00 3*2 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Young Ladies’ Missionary Linesville, Pa ...... 2 50 Society, Rix Mills, Ohio 5 00 Bethsaida, Tipton, Ind. .. 5 00 Young Ladies’ Organized East Palestine, Ohio .... 25 00 Class, Peter’s Creek, Jamestown, Ohio ...... 1 00 Venetia, Pa...... 12 00 Beaver, P a ...... *./*,/ 10 00 Young Women's Mission­ Ireton, la ...... 12 95 ary Society, Alexander, . Zanesville, Ohio ... ___ 5 00 Crafton, Pa ...... 7 00 Eighth, Philadelphia, Pa. 2 00 Young Ladies’ Class, Bel- Chartiers, Pa ...... 15 00 laire, Ohio ...... 12 00 Eleventh, Pittsburgh, Pa. 5 75 Young Women’s Mission­ Second, New York ...... 15 00 ary Society, Beaver Fort Morgan, Colo...... 5 00 Palls, P a ...... 12 00 Vandergrift, Pa...... 17 00 Young Ladies’ Missionary Second, Wilkinsburg, Pa. 15 00 Society, First, New Salem, N. Y ...... 12 63 Concord, Ohio ...... 5 00 A pollo, P a ...... 25 00 Young Women’s Mission­ Glade Run, Valencia, Pa. 17 00 ary Society, Second, Ottawa, Kans...... 20 00 Philadelphia, Pa .... 25 00 West Kortright, N. Y. ... 2 50 Young Men’s Bible Class, Piper City, 111...... 5 00 Crete, Pa., Cong...... 13 00 New Athens, Ohio ...... 12 00 Young Ladies’ Bible Knoxville, Ohio ...... 12 00 Class, First* Mercer, Pa. 12 00 Homer City, Pa. ______10 00 Y ou n g L ad ies’ B ible Millersburg, Ohio ...... 6 00 Class, Crete, Pa., Cong. 7 00 Sharon, P a ...... 15 00 Young Men’s Bible Class, Stamford, Ont...... 32 25 First, Beaver, Pa 5 25 First, Dayton, Ohio .... 6 80 Young Ladies’ Missionary Ben Avon, Pa ...... 10 «0 Society, Clearfield, la. 12 00 Sixth, Pittsburgh, Pa. ... 10 00 Young Ladies’ Missionary Romine Prairie, 111...... 5 01) Society, Beaver, Pa. ... 12 00 Plain Grove, Pa . 3 50 Young People’s Bible Princeton, Ind...... 5 00 Class, West Liberty, Pa. 11 75 Stafford, Kans., Sr. and Young Ladies’ Class, Sax- Jr...... 4 75 m an, K an s...... 12 00 First, McKeesport, Pa., Young Women’s Mission­ Sr. and Intermed...... 12 00 ary Society, First, Erie, First, Akron, Ohio ...... 6 60 P a ...... 12 00 St. Joseph, Mo...... 2 50 Young Women’s Mission­ First, Crafton, Pa ...... 5 00 ary Society, Shushan, Grove City, Pa ...... 12 00 Argyle Presbytery, per Moline, 111...... 25 00 Women’s Board ...... 12 00 Bellevue, Pa...... 10 00 From Young People’s So- ClaysvUle, Pa ...... 37 00 Middletown, O hio ...... 5 00 Winflefd,' la...... 25 00 Fort Collins, Colo...... 10 00 Second, New Wilmington, De Lancey, N. Y ...... 5 00 P a...... 15.00 Third, Seattle, Wash. . . 10 00 Duncanville, 111...... 15 00 Goldfield, Iowa ...... 14 00 Hanover, 111...... 17 00 Amity, Reinbeck, Iowa .. 25 00 First, Altoona, Pa ...... 5 00 Lewistown, Pa, ...... 5 00 First. Newark, N. J 10 00 North Bend, Neb...... 25 00 New Brighton, Pa 5 00 Mt. Ayr, Iowa ...... 5 00 Aspinwall, Pa ...... 1 00 Twelfth, Philadelphia, Pa. 26 50 Sparta. Ill...... 14 50 Fourth, Philadelphia, Pa. j.4 00 Atwood, Creekside, Pa. .. 24 00 M ars, P a...... 5 00 Fredericksburg, Ohio ----- 2 75 Coi aopolis, Pa ...... 2 50 Traer, la ...... 25 00 Ingram, Pa, ...... 10 00 Pretty Prairie, Kans 12 00 First, McDonald, Pa. ... jo 65 Taylorstown, Pa...... 5 00 Ninth, Pittsburgh, Pa. .. 5 00 Romeo, Colo...... 17 75 Andes, N. Y ...... 3 50 Clinton, Pa...... 13 02 Guinston, Pa ...... 4 60 Loveland, Colo...... 17 60 Wooster, Ohio ...... 11 00 Emsworth, Pa...... 5 00 First, Xenia, Ohio ...... 15 16 Robinson’s Run, McDon­ Second, Xenia, Ohio .,■■ 12 50 ald, Pa...... 5 00 Eilwood City, Pa...... 8 00 A valon, P a ...... 15 00 Mt. Washington, Pa ...... 2 50 Harmony, Harris ville, Pa. 28 50 U nity, P a ...... 15 00 Florida, Pattersonville, Pawnee City, Neb...... 31 00 N. Y ...... 10 00 St. Clairsville, Ohio .... 59 50 M ercer, P a ...... 5 00 Cross Roads, Pa ...... 19 23 North Shenango, Espy- Knoxville, Pittsburgh, Pa. 10 00 ville, P a ...... 6 84 M edia, 111...... 7 56 Los Angeles Presbytery .. 21 fO Jordon’s Grove, 111...... 5 00 Second, W ashin gton , Pa. 22 00 Leechburg, Pa ...... 12 00 First, Oakmont, Pa ...... 15 00 New Bethlehem, Pa ...... 10 00 Pigeon Creek, Pa...... 5 00 Warrington Ave., Pitts­ Wheeling Hill, Claysville, burgh, P a ...... 2 50 Pa...... 12 00 Stanwood, Iow a ...... 2 50 Olathe, Kans., and Miss Blairsville, Pa ...... 25 30 Nell Lorimer, West Colona, P a...... 2 00 Middletown, Pa ...... 14 26 Mifflin, Pa...... 20 00 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 313

Ninth Ave., Monmouth, 111 18 00 , St. Clair, Mt. Lebanon, Shadyside, Pittsburgh, Pa. 41 00 Pa ...... 2 50 First, Omaha, Neb...... 12 00 Cherry Run, Pa...... 10 25 Hampton, Wildwood, Pa. 2 50 Buena Vista, Pa ...... 12 00 Parnassus, Pa...... 5 00 Dunbar, P a ...... ,2 00 Crete, Pa...... 5 00 Earlham, la ...... 2 50 Seventh, Allegheny, Pa. 25 00 Four Mile, Kans...... 2 50 G&rner, Iow a ...... 11 00 Mission Creek, Neb...... x2 00 New California, Ohio ----- 6 00 First, Allegheny, Pa...... 75 00 Third, Dayton, Ohio ----- 2 50 Fourth, Allegheny, Pa. .. 15 00 Fairfax, Iow a ...... 12 00 Hookstown, Pa ...... 4 25 Third, Philadelphia, Pa. 5 00 First Chicago, Ills...... 12 70 Freeport, Pa ...... 12 00 Arlington, Wis...... 30 00 Hickory, Pa ...... 10 00 First, Washington, Iowa 10 00 Irwin, P a...... 5 00 Columbus City, Iowa ... 8 00 Second, Providence, R. 1. 2 50 Morning Sun, Iow a ...... j2 00 Orchard, Neb...... 5 00 Evans City, Pa ...... 2 88 Caledonia, Merrimae, Wis. 2 50 Coulterville, 111...... 10 00 Redlands, Calif...... 2 00 Carnahan Creek, Garri­ Second, New Castle, Pa. 5 00 son, K an s...... 5 00 First, Pittsburgh, Pa. ... 5 00 College Corner, Ohio ...... 4 00 Sewickley, Pa...... 20 00 First, Cedar Rapids, la. .. 5 00 Mexico, Pa...... 3 00 First, Hamilton, Ohio ___ 7 00 Winchester, Kans...... 3 00 Montrose Ave., Chicago, Bergholz, Ohio ...... 30 00 111...... 27 Swissville, Pa ...... 2 50 East Greenwich, N. V. 30 00 First, Wilkinsburg, Pa. J2 00 Cambridge, N. Y ...... 6 75 DufEsville, P a ...... 2 50 Coila, N. Y ...... 4 50 Atlantic Ave., McKees­ Illinois Central Presbytery 24 00 port, P a...... i2 00 Seventh, Philadelphia, Pa. 8 00 Second, Youngstown, Ohio 14 00 First, Baltimore, Md...... 8 00 Fourth, Cleveland, Ohio 2 50 Brockton, Mass...... 10 00 Bloomfield, New Con­ Scroggsfield, Ohio ...... 8 50 cord, Ohio ...... 6 00 Salinas, Calif...... 15 00 First, New Wilmington, Highland Park, Los An­ Pa...... 5 00 geles, Calif...... 3 00 Chartiers, Pittsburgh, Pa. 10 00 First, Washington, D. C. 6 71 Deer Creek, Bakerstown, Oxford, P a ...... 2 50 Pa...... 15 75 Bristol, Colo...... 13 23 Bellefontaine, Ohio ...... 3 90 Wilmington, Del...... 6 00 Somonauk, 111...... 7 75 First, Spokane, Wash. .. 2 50 First, Springfield, Ohi.i 10 60 Bovina, N. i ...... 24 45 Wheatland, III...... 5 00 Second, Los Angeles, Boise, Idaho ...... 2 00 C alif...... 2 50 Deer Creek, New Bedford, First, San Diego, Calif. .. 81 V5 Pa...... 12 00 Lansingville, Youngs­ Pasadena, Calif...... :... i2 00 town, Onio ...... 10 00 Putnam, N. Y ...... 2 50 Third, Pittsburgh, Pa. .. 5 00 Morning Sun, Ohio ...... ■0 00 Greenville, Pa...... 5 00 Lisbon, N. Y., Sr. and Jr. 12 00 First, L o s A ngeles, Cam . 32 00 Cherry Fork, Ohio ...... 5 00 East 187th St., New York 7 00 Mt. Jackson, P a ...... 2 50 Pinckneyville, 111...... 4 00 Carnegie, Pa...... 10 00 Y. P. C. U. and M ission Second, Chicago, 111. ... 8 00 Study Class, Concordia, Hebron, Wilkinsburg, Pa. 5 00 K an s...... 18 00 Lisbon, Ohio ...... 8 00 Y. P. C. U. and Members Richmond, Kans...... 5 00 of Marissa, 111., Cong. .. 18 65 Keota, la ...... 5 65 Intermediate, First, St. Olivet, P a...... 3 00 Louis, M o...... ±0 00 Third, C hicago, lil...... 3 00 Intermediate, Second, Zelienople, Pa...... 10 00 Pittsburgh, Pa...... 8 00 Homestead, Pa ...... 2 50 Intermediate, Wilming­ Fifth, C hicago, 111...... 15 00 ton, D el...... 1 00 Evanston 111 5 00 Aurora, 111...... 1 00 $18,741 01

ALEXANDRIA SCHOOL FUND. East Toledo, Ohio, Sab- i Miss Ida McKee’s Class, „ bath School...... «2 00 ! Colorado Springs, Colo. 1 00 Straight Line Class, Americus, Kansas, Sab­ Jamestown, Pa ...... 10 00 bath School ...... 4 25 Sebring, Ohio, Sabbath Rev. W. H. McMaster, School ...... 12 00 P h.D ...... 3 00 Corsicana, Texas, Sabbath Mr. Chas. R. Hanna ----- 15 00 School ...... 10 00 Two Friends ...... 5 00 Sterling, K an s., Sabbath Miss Margaret McClurkin 5 00 School ...... !.. 90 56 La Crosse, Kans., Sabbath Primary Dept., Sterling, School ...... 1 00 Kans...... 11 20 314 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Mrs. Mary K. Stewart .. 1 00 Intermediate, Second, First, ‘ Mansfield, Ohio, .Monmouth, HI...... 10 00 ISabbath School ...... 100 00 Second, Pittsburgh, Pa. 32 60 Mrs. Bell S. Drawbaugh 1 00 Waterloo, Iowa ...... 20 00 Ladies’ Missionary So­ West Middlesex, Pa...... 1 00 ciety, Colorado Presby­ Cedarville, Ohio ...... 15 00 tery, per Women’s Jamestown, Xenia, Ohio 4 00 B o a r d ...... 5 00 Cedar Creek, 111...... 10 00 A nonym ous ...... 1 00 Logans Ferry, Pa...... 7 75 Anonymous, Le Claire, la. 5 00 East McKeesport, Pa. ... 26 50 From Young People’s So­ Second, Dayton, Ohio ... 3 50 cieties: Woodlawn, Chicago, 111. 3 50 Robinson Run, McDonald, Plain Grove, «olant, Pa. 2 50 P a...... '. 5 00 Rushville, Ind...... 10 00 Florida, - Pattersonville, Chartiers, Canonsburg, N . Y ...... 10 00 Pa...... 10 00 Pigeon Creek, Pa .. 5 00 Chester, W . Va...... 5 00 West Middletown, Pa. .. 14 26 Mt. Pleasant, Frankfort, West Kortright, N. Y. ... 2 50 Ind...... 10 00 Hickory, Pa...... 10 00 McClellan Heights, Dav­ Third, Dayton, Ohio ..... 2 50 enport, la...... 2 2 00 Wilmington, Del...... 6 00 Aspinwall, Pa...... 11 50 First, Springfield, Ohio ... 10 55 Second, Springfield, Ohio 2 50 Olivet, Pa, ...... 3 05 Greenfield, Springfield, Mt. Jackson, Pa...... ,... 2 60 Ohio ...... 2 00 Fairhill, Philadelphia, Pa, 5 00 Valencia, Pa...... 16 00 Fifth, Philadelphia, Pa. 8 00 Monroe, la...... 5 00 Tenth, Philadelphia, Pa. 32 00 First, Steubenville, Ohio 35 90 Tarentum, Pa...... 12 60 Hanover, 111...... 40 00 B eau m on t,’ C alif...... 5 00 New Brighton, Pa, ...... 5 00 Oak Park, Philadelphia, Second, Xenia, Ohio ...... 5 10 Pa...... 20 00Good Hope, Pittsburgh, North Philadelphia, Pa. .. 16 00 Pa...... JO 00 South Philadelphia, Pa. .. 5 00 Economy. Pa...... 12 00 East Toledo, Ohio ...... 1 00 Newburgh, N. Y...... 25 00 Stone Valley, McAlevys Second, Philadelphia, Pa. 5 00 F ort, P a...... 11 00 First, Everett, Wash...... 3 00 West Philadelphia, Pa. .. 30 00 Ireton, la...... 10 00 Savannah, O h io ...... 2 Mundale, 50 Walton, N. Y. 8 30 North Pittsburgh, Pa. .. 10 00 First, Cambridge, Ohio .. 26 35 New Concord, O hio ...... 6 00 Central, Omaha, Neb. ... (¡6 00 Second, Washington, Pa., Eighth, Pittsburgh, Pa. .. 3 00 Jr...... 5 40 Sandy Lake, Pa...... 1 25 Scotch Ridge, Ohio ----- 3 00 Second, Youngstown, Ohio 15 00 Daltop, O hio ...... 2 00 Stafford, Kans...... 14 25 West Sunbury, Pa...... 5 00 First, Buffalo, N. Y ...... 35 00 First, Dayton, Ohio 50 Salem, N. Y...... 12 00 Belle Center, Ohio ...... 2 50, Hamilton, Ohio ...... 6 00 Paschall Ave., Philadel­ Fifth, Chicago, 111...... 15 00 phia, P a...... 2 50 Homer City, Pa...... 5 00 First, East Liverpool, Ontario St., Buffalo, N. Y. 2 21 O hio ...... 5 00 Twelfth, Philadelphia, A ledo, HI...... 32 00 Pa., Jr...... 5 00 T arkio, M o...... 17 00 Salinas, Calif...... 5 00 Krst, Columbus, Ohio ... 10 00 Cplona, Pa...... 60 Sugar Creek, Springfield, Pasadena. Calif...... 5 00 O hio ...... :2 50 Sputh Shenango, James­ First, Turtle Creek, Pa. i0 00 town, Pa...... 26 50 P oole, N eb...... 6 25 Huntsville, Ohio ...... 12 00 Jamestown, Pa ...... 5 00 Elmwood, Des Moines, la. 10 00 Norris Square, Philadel­ Mt. Washington, Pa...... 2 50 phia, P a...... ¿5 00 Alhia, la...... 32 50 Intermediate, Norris Alexis, I1L ...... 1 47 Square, Philadelphia, Idaville, Ind...... 30 00 P a ...... 5 00 North Ave., Baltimore, West New York, N. J. .. 5 00 Md...... 2 00 V erona, P a...... 5 00 Paterson, N. J...... • • • • 6 00 First, Mansfield, O hio ____ 4 00 First, Germantown, Phila­ Second, Cleveland, Ohio 4 00 delphia, Pa...... 25 00 Sebring, Ohio ...... 2 25 Clinton, Pa...... 5 00 Roneys Point, W. Va ...... 5 00 Greenville, Pa...... 3 00 Stewart Station, Trafford, Eleventh, Pittsburgh, Pa. 6 00 P a...... 8 52 Salem, Ind...... 5 00 Kirkwood, I1L ...... ¿2 00 Warrington Ave., Pitts­ 2 50 West Newton, Pa. 85 00 burgh, Pa...... 2 60 First, Kansas City, Kans. 7 50 St. Joseph, Mo...... 1 02 First, Mercer, Pa ...... 17 00 Tingley, la...... 2 26 Second, Mercer, Pa...... 5 00 Dunbar, Neb...... 5 00 Buena Vista, Pa, ...... 4 00 Lenox, la...... 7 50 Second, Monmouth, 111. .. 10 00 First, McDonald, Pa. • • • • 5 00 Indianola, Iowa ...... 15 00 First, Washington, Pa. ... Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 315

Fourth, Cleveland, Ohio .. 4 00 Wilmerding, Pa ...... 9 00 Crawfordsville, Ia .... 20 00 First, Braddock, Pa ...... n0 00 North Buffalo, Taylors- U nity, P a ...... 10 00 town, P a ...... 2:0 00 Harvard ' Heights, Los Winchester, Kans...... 3 00 Angeles, Calif...... 12 00 Center, Midway, Pa...... 5 00 Caledonia, Petroleum, W. Scottdale, Pa...... 4 82 5 00 Rennerdale, Pa ...... 2 00 Weiser, Idano 5 50 Second, Wheeling, W. Va. 12 00 Los Angeles Presbytery .. 12 59 Clifton, Ohio ...... 5 50 ¡Riverside, Calif...... 3 23 Brown Ave., Erie, Pa. ... 5 00 Morgan Hill, Calif...... 4 00 West Charlton, Cranes- Pratt Creek, Ia...... 7 60 ville, N. Y ...... /5 00 First, Wilkinsburg, Pa. .. 2 00 Redding, la ...... 13 50 East Brook, Pa ...... 15 00 Atlantic, la ...... 12 00 Viola, Kans...... 12 00 Morning Sun, Ohio ...... 7 00 Arkansas City, Kans. ... 14 00 St. Clairsville, O hio ...... 6 00 Second, Wilkinsburg, Pa. 15 00 Montrose, Colo...... 5 00 Tenth, Allegheny, P a . ___ 5 00 Nampa, Idaho ...... t> V5 Garner, Ia...... 4 00 Corsicana, Texas ...... 5 00 A lbia, la ...... 12 50 Oxford, Ohio ...... 2 50 Latrobe, Pa ...... i 10 00 Eighth, Chicago, 111. 1 00 Peebles, Ohio ...... 12 00 Golden, 111...... 3 00 Santa Ana, Calif...... 12 40 Clarinda, la ...... ¿6 00 Santa Ana, Calif., Inter­ Whittier, Calif...... U 00 m ediate ...... 20 00 Oil City, P a...... 5 00 Fourth, Pittsburgh, Pa. .. 15 00 Second, Washington, ia. 21 00 Americus, Kans...... 7 75 Barstow Colony, Kerman, Tarkio, Mo., Intermediate 43 00 Calif...... 13 00 Carnegie, Pa...... 3 00 Kings Creek, Burgetts- Canon City, Colo...... 5 6.0 town, P a ...... 7 00 Brockton, Mass...... 10 00 Plum Creek, Creekside, First, Los Angeles, Calif. 15 00 Pa...... 7 35 First, Xenia, O hio ...... 15 00 La Prairie, 111...... 13 50 Second, New Castle, Pa. 5 00 Conneaut Lake, P a ...... 5 00 iiirst, Chicago, 111...... 5 00 Denison, Kans...... 4 80 Second, Chicago, I1L____ 3 00 Neil Ave., Colum bus, Ohio 5 00 Third, Chicago, ill...... 3 00 Mt. Pleasant, P a...... 27 00 Evanston, 111...... 2 00 Boulevard, Philadelphia, Third, Washington, Pa. .. 5 50 Pa, ...... 5 00 South Omaha, Neb...... 7 00 Second, Topeka, Kans. .. 12 00 Rix Mills, Ohio ...... 10 00 Hoopestown, 111...... 8 84 Elmira, 111...... 5 00 Sterling, K an s ...... 6 67 Ainsworth, Ia...... 5 00 Sterling, Kans., Interme­ Newton, Kans...... 2 50 diate ...... 1 1 3 Long Beach, Calif...... 6 75 Herron Hill, Pittsburgh, Calcutta, Ohio ...... 3 00 Pa...... 25 00 Homewood, Pittsburgn, Dayton, Pa...... 15 00 P a...... 15 00 Monessen, P a...... 2 70 Homewood, Pittsburgh, Second, Cambridge, Ohio 25 00 Pa., Intermediate ...... 12 00 First, Omaha, N e o .... 15 00 Prosser, Wash ...... 5 00 Clearfield, la...... 2 50 Torrington, Wyo ...... 5 00 Biggsville, 111...... 3 50 Second, Washington, Pa. 15 00 New A lexandria, Pa. .... 7 67 West Delhi, N. Y ...... 10 00 Connellsville, P a ...... 5 00 Irwin, Pa...... 8 25 $2,472 23 Elizabeth, P a ...... 21 00

JOHN S. FOWLER EGYPTIAN INTEREST. ORPHANAGE FUND INCOME. Mortgage Interest Undes­ 1912. ignated ...... $808 49 May U ...... $90 00 Corn Exchange National July 15 ...... *5 00 B ank ...... 244 92 July 29 ...... a 5 81 Fidelity Trust Company . 21 37 November 1 1 ...... 30 00 Income Riverside Irriga­ December 19 ...... 14 00 tion District Bonds ... 15 00 December 23 ...... 30 00 Income West Penn Rail­ 1913. road Gold Bonds ...... 100 00 January 20 ...... 45 00 Benha, Egypt, Building February 6 ...... 35 80 L oan ...... 60 00 February 18 ...... 179 00 Est. Jas. S. Warden, In­ March 3 ...... 10 00 com e ...... 15 47

$5'>4 61 $1,265 25

BEQUESTS TO INDIA, SPECIAL. SARGODHA MISSION SCHOOL Estate Of j . L. Browne, . BUILDINGS. Qecoased ...... $2,000 00 Mr. H. J. Ward ...... $230 00 ;i6 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

McCARRELL-MOORE FUND PRIN­ MARTINPUR SCHOOL, INDIA. CIPAL. Steubenville Presbytery, 1912. Y. P. C. U ...... $151 30 M ay 20. E states o f M ar­ garet McCarrell and ' Margaret Moore, de­ URDU PSALTER FUND, INDIA. ceased, per Trustees Mrs. Robert Taylor $25 00 General Assembly ...... $1,000 00 Rev. Jos. Kyle, D.D., LL.D, and family io 00 NELSON PRATT BOYS’ • SCHOOL, Miss Mary E rw in ...... io 00 Mr. Wm. Little ...... 5 00 MART1NPUR, INDIA. Mr. and Mrs. Percy C. Estate of Nelson Pratt, Banfield ...... 5 00 deceased ...... $1,000 00 Rev. W. A. Campbell ----- 5 00 Mrs. M. C. R eaves ...... 2 00 KENNETH WILSON SMITH ME­ Miss Matilda H. Peacock 1 00 MORIAL FUND PRINCIPAL. Miss Nannie Mcllvain 1 00 Mrs. J. G. Bull ...... 1 00 1912. Miss Julia F. Hopping .. l 00 O ctober 19. Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Smith ...... $250 00 $6 6 00 ANNUITY FUND PRINCIPAL. SPECIALS TO EGYPT. Miss Alary J. B r o w n $10 00 Los Angeles Presbytet-y, Rev. Wm. M. Richie, Beaumont, Calif., Cong. $360 00 D .D 10,000 00 Miss Mildred Pauline Mc­ Mrs. Henrietta M. Har­ Clelland ...... 171 16 v ey ...... 4,000 00 Mr. C. C. M c D o w e ll 150 00 M rs. E lizabeth M cC racken 1,600 00 Rev. Dr. and Mrs. R. W. Mrs. Annie S. Gradle ... 5 ,^ 0 00 W . K idd ...... 60 00 Benha, E gypt, B uilding .. 290 00 Capt. A. R. O’Brien ----- 60 00 Miss R. Isabelle Stewart 50 00 $20,yj0 00 Philathea Class, First, Colorado Springs, Colo. 50 00 NELSON PRATT MEMORIAL Dr. and Mrs. M. C. FUND PRINCIPAL. R am aley ...... 35 00 1912. Seventh, Philadelphia, N ovem ber 29. E state of Pa., L. M. S...... 35 00 N elson P ratt, deceased $1,000 00 J. O. C. Class, First, Los Angeles, Calif...... 35 00 Tennessee Presbytery, WOMEN'S BOARD. Y. P. S...... 25 00 1912. Miss Laura B. Walker ... 20 00 M ay 9 ...... $3,330 00 Seventh, Philadelphia, June 8 ...... 7,497 00 Pa., Dorcas Teas’ So­ July 8 ...... 7,149 91 ciety ...... 15 00 A ugu st 10 ...... 6,958 00 Miss E. Dorcas Teas .... 15 00 September 3 ...... 160 00 Mr. George Innes, Refund 14 56 September 9 ...... 6,584 00 Meeting Addressed by O ctober 9 ...... 4,813 05 Mrs. W. H. Reed ...... 12 69 October 14 ...... 7,501 61 Atlantic, la., L. M. S U 00 November 11 ...... 7,274 00 Brookings, S. D., Sab­ December 9 ...... 9,932 00 bath School ...... 10 00 1913. Mr. Zenas M cCoy ...... 5 00 January 13 ...... 7,045., 74 Mrs. I. R. Anderson ----- 5 00 February 6 ...... 25 00 Seventh, Philadelphia, February 8 ...... 3,815 00 Pa., Jr. Y. P. S...... 5 00 February 10 .. .•...... 3,382 00 Seventh, Philadelphia, M arch 8 ...... 6,878 00 Pa., Mission Band .... 0 00 M arch 10 ...... 661 98 Mrs. C. F. Crook’s Class, A pril 9 ...... 6,100 00 Missionary Helpers, A pril 11 ...... 4,253 00 Oleander, Calif...... »00 A pril 14 ...... 3,869 00 Class Missionary Helpers, A p ril 19 ...... 144 00 Easton, Calif...... £ 00 A p ril 21 ...... 238 23 Prairie, Ala., Cong...... 5 00 A pril 22 ...... 26 00 Primary Dept., Shady- A pril 24 ...... 66 00 side, Pittsburgh, Pa. .. 3 00 Rev. David Strang, D.D. 2 00 $97,683 52 $1,169 41 SUDAN FUND. Sixth, Pittsburgh, Pa., GIRLS’ COLLEGE, CAIRO. Men’s Association ----- $2,600 00 $1,000 00 Sixth, Pittsburgh, Pa., Miss Mary L. Kennedy Men’s Association, Be­ Memorial to Mrs. Henry quest of William Camp­ Woods, by her daugh­ ter, Mrs. Roberts Le bell, deceased ...... 238 12 1,000 00 A Friend of Missions .... 15 00 Boutillier $2,000 8« $2.$53 12 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 317

ASSIUT COLLEGE. Prof. W. L. Porter ...... 15 00 Mrs. T. B. B lackstone . . . $5,000 00 First, Cleveland, Ohio, Miss Christina A rbuckle 3,000 00 Sabbath School ...... 13 38 Mrs. K. A . Jam ieson . . . 1,000 00 First, Seattle, Wash., Mr. E. B. M ahood ...... 500 00 Y. P. C. U ...... 12 50 Rev. Henry Wallace, Sabbath School Class, LL.D ...... 300 00 Missionary Helpers, Mr. Edw. S. H arkness .. 100 00 Oleander, Calif...... 10 00 Rev. A. R. Rankin ...... 5 00 $9,900 00 Mrs.' C. F. Crook’s Class, Missionary Helpers, LIBRARY ENDOWMENT FUND, Oleander, Calif...... Ralph L. Martin ...... ASSIUT COLLEGE. Philathea Class, Marissa, Mrs. N. F. M cC orm ack .. $1,000 00 111...... Mrs. Eleanor Hanna Gray Mr. H enry M. H a l l ...... M emorial ...... 100 00 Mrs. Emily B. Harris . . Mr. Edw. S. H arkness . . . 50 00 Mrs. J. H. Collins ...... Mr. John P. Thompson .. $1,150 00 $3,001 84 E L L A O. K Y L E M EM O RIAL. Five Friends ...... $1,000 00 SUDAN ORPHANAGE. -Mrs. J. C. Phillips ...... $30 00 SPECIALS TO INDIA. Teachers, Knoxville Col­ Two Visitors ...... $600 00 lege, Knoxville, Tenn. .. 10 00 Mr. Andrew L. Wright .. 300 00 Mrs. J. G. Bull ...... 5 00 Prof. and M rs. O. S. Johnston ...... 200 00 $45 00 Rev. H. S. N esbitt, un­ expended traveling bal­ SPECIALS TO SUDAN. ance ...... 177 49 Mr. Wm. Galloway ...... $250 00 Mrs. J. W . B allantyne, Mrs. A. Werme’s Class of unexpended traveling Boys, Beulah, Kans. .. 13 00 balance ...... 171 22 Mrs. Carrie M. Brown, $263 00 unexpended traveling balance ...... HO 75 Philadelphia Magazine JAMES A. ELLIOTT SUDAN BOAT Club ...... 115 00 FUND. Mr. D. T. R eed ...... 100 00 North Philadelphia, Pa., Mrs. J. B. C urry’s Bible Sabbath School ...... $50 00 Class, Eighth, Alle­ gheny, P a ...... 90 00 Rev. J. A. McConnelee .. 90 00 SEMI-CENTENNIAL FUND. Rev. W . J. B uchanan .... 75 00 Rev. J. S. Pollock ...... $10 00 Ingram, Pa., Men’s Bible Class ...... 72 00 MATURED ANNUITY DONATION. Mr. and Mrs. J. A. M iller 72 00 Miss C. M. W . F oster .. 60 00 Rev. J. M. Adair ...... $963 25 Fourth Church, Cleve­ land, Ohio, Mr. and Mrs. INDIA FAMINE ORPHANS FUND. H. C. K irk patrick .. 60 00 Mr. and Mrs. D. C. Mc­ Mrs. E lla M. M axw ell . . 50 00 Gee ...... $25 00 Mr. L. C. Joh nston’s Bible M r. J. V . A nderson ...... 20 00 Class, F ourth, A lle­ Birthday Offerings, Stan- gheny, P a ...... 50 00 wood, Iowa, Sab­ West Newton, Pa.., Sab­ bath School ...... 17 85 bath School ...... 50 00 Mrs. H enrietta S. Innes .. 50 00 $62 85 Mrs. Carrie M. B row n . . . 40 00 First, Topeka, Kans., LADIES’ MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. Cong...... 39 00 Samuel Torrence and T. Seventh, Philadelphia, Pa. $100 00 G. Peacock ...... 35 00 Seventh, Philadelphia, Rev. E. E. Cam pbell .... 30 00 Pa., Dorcas Teas So­ Third, Pittsburgh, Pa., .. ciety ...... 50 00 , Cong...... 30 00 Fairgrove, Mich...... 33 00 Mr. T. M. Sm ith ...... 26 00 First, Baltimore, Md. .. 32 00 ■Di'- and Mrs. M. C. Norfolk, Va., Freedmen Ramaley ...... 25 00 M ission ...... 5 00 i Is; J- J- Armstrong ... 25 00 Allegheny Presbytery .. 10 00 Adult Bible Class, First, Argyle Presbytery ...... 46 25 Columbus, Ohio ...... 25 00 Caledonia Presbytery 15 00 Mrs. M artin ...... 25 00 K ansas City Presbytery 5 00 Superior, Neb., Y. P. O. U. 25 00 Indiana Northern Presby­ Monmouth, Calif., Sab­ tery ...... 20 00 bath School...... 20 60 Ohio First Presbytery ... 3. 00 Mrs Ella G ibson H anna 20 00 Steubenville ’Presbytery S8 00 M. L. M organ ...... 20 00 Mr. Frank M arshall ___ 17 00 $357 25 3i8 Annual Report-—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

PRESSLY MEMORIAL INSTITUTE WALLACE KIDD MEMORIAL INCOME. FUND INCOME. Riverside Irrigation Dis­ 1912. trict Bonds ...... $15 00 J J & 29 ...... «30 00 February 20 ...... 30 0q MISS LYDA F. LANTZ SPECIAL. 1913. $60 00 A pril 2 6 ...... $300 00 MRS. ELIZA J. DALES MEMO­ SPECIAL TRAVELING REFUND. RIAL FUND INCOME. Prof. R. S. McClenahan.. $32 40 1912. June 29 ...... $30 00 WOMEN'S BOARD ACCOUNT. Monongahela Presbytery, M R. A N D M RS. G EO RG E S. BRUSH First, Wilkinsburg, Pa., Cong...... $600 00 ENDOWMENT FUND Piqua, Ohio, Y. P. C. U.. 10 00 INCOME. 1912. $610 00 September 7 ...... $30 00 1913. ELM GROVE CEMETERY STOCK M arch 13 ...... 30 00 INCOME. 1913. $60 00 A pril 30 ...... $40 60 ARCHIBALD LENDRUM FUND CHINA FAMINE RELIEF FUND. INCOME. Rev. W. C. A dair ...... $11 00 1912. David Junk and family 10 00 July 15 ...... $90 00 Rev. A. S. Vincent, D.D 8 05 July 22 ...... 37 71 Dr. N. Belle D rake ...... 8 00 July 29 ...... 60 81 Mrs. Homer E. Stewart 5 00 September 9 ...... 63 00 Mr. K. M. Abraham ... 5 00 September 16 ...... 34 29 Mr. M. G. Black ...... 5 00 September 23 ...... 12 00 A Friend, Yoakum October 23 ...... 63 00 T ex as ...... 5 00 December 17 ...... 39 00 Outlook Class, Second 1913. Washington, Pa...... 5 00 January 13 ...... 90 00 Second, Washington, Pa January 28 ...... 37 71 Y. P. C. U...... February 6 ...... 60 81 Miss Florence V. Long . M arch 13 ...... 63 00 Boys’ Class, Elm Grove, A pril 7 ...... 67 29 Pa., Union Sabbath A pril 22 ...... 30 00 A pril 29 ...... 16 20 S chool ...... 1 00 $764 82 $69 05 SARAH A. SAWYER MEMORIAL EGYPTIAN TRUST FUND IN­ FUND INCOME. COME. 1912. 1912. September 9 ...... $67 50 M ay 8 ...... $30 00 December 17 ...... 75 00 M ay 18 ...... - * 11 25 1913 October 23 ...... 21 00 M arch 3 ...... 6? 50 November 4 ...... 11 25 November 11 ...... 30 00 $210 00 1911 A pril 19 ...... 11 25 A pril 2 2 ...... 21 00 STERRETT AND AGNES CUM­ April 29 ...... 35 26 MINS MEMORIAL FUND $171 01 INCOME. 1912- <1 Ü0 MATTHEW NICKLE MEMORIAL M ay 18 ...... H November 4 ...... 4 6W FUND INCOME. 191S- a KO 1912. A p ril 19 ...... J fr. A u gu st 5 ...... $39 00 A pril 29 ...... 45 80 MATTHEW NICKLE MEMORIAL $59 4« FUND IN TRUST INCOME. 1912. August 5 ...... $51 00 L. A N D M. E. A. FU N D INCOME- 1912. «¡¡A jo June 29 ...... *80 uu REV. JOHN B. DALES, D.D., SEMI­ 1913. g0 op CENTENNIAL FUND INCOME. January 6 1913. A pril 30 ...... $250 00 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer. §19

PRESSLY MEMORIAL FUND ELLA JANE DYSART FUND INCOME. INCOME. 1912. 1912. June 28 ...... $23 03 June 29 ...... $15 00 August 19 ...... 82 50 1913. October 15 ...... 20 25 January 6 ...... 15 00 1913. April 8 ...... 20 25 $30 00 April 28 ...... 82 50 April 29 ...... 104 34 JAMES S. McNARY FUND $332 87 INCOME. 1912. June 29 ...... $26 70 CAMPBELL B. HERRON MEMO­ A ugu st 19 ...... 25 80 RIAL FUND INCOME. October 15 ...... 9 00 1912. 1913. October 1 5 ...... $18 00 January 6 ...... 26 70 M arch 13 ...... 25 80 April 8 ...... 18 «0 A pril 8 ...... 9 00 April 29 ...... 144 00 A pril 29 ...... , ...... 72 00 $180 00 $195 00 GIBSON TRUST FUND INCOME. MARY L. PRATT FUND INCOME. 1912. 1912. July 1 ...... $180 20 A ugu st 19 ...... $9 00 October 4 13 33 1913. 1913. M arch 13...... 9 00 January 6 ...... 409 75 April 2 ...... 526 56 $18 00 $1,129 84 ELIZA CHRISTIE FUND INCOME. 1912. SAMUEL KERR FUND INCOME. M ay 8 $¡21 61 1912. June 22 54 00 May 18 ...... $79 5« July 15 ...... 36 00 June 29 ...... 68 77 July 29 ...... 8 38 July 22 ...... 36 00 Septem ber 7 ...... 60 00 July 29 ...... 3 00 N ovem ber 11 ...... 21 61 September 9 ...... 27 00 D ecem ber 23 ...... 54 00 October 15 ...... 6 75 1913. October 23 ...... 12 90 January 13...... 6 00 November 4 ...... 79 50 January 20 ...... 30 00 1913. F ebruary 6 ...... 8 39 January 6 ...... 36 30 M arch 13 ...... 60 00 January 28 ...... 51 00 A pril 29 ...... 100 00 February 20 ...... 3 00 March 3 ...... 39 90 $459 99 April 8 ...... 6 75 April 19 ...... 79 50 MARY STERRIT MEMORIAL FUND April 29 ...... 143 10 INCOME. 1912. $672 97 M ay 8 ...... $14 29 N ovem ber 11 14 29 JAMES JUNK FUND INCOME...... 1912. $28 58 June 29 ...... $12 00 July 15 ...... 37 50 JOSEPH AND ELIZA BARR MEMO­ July 29 ...... 37 50 RIAL FUND INCOME. August 19 ...... 33 00 1913. October 23 ...... 30 00 A pril 1913. 29 ...... $95 00 January 6 ...... 12 00 JAMES AND AGNES SANKEY January 20 ...... 37 50 February 20 ...... 37 50 MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. March 13 ...... 33 00 1912. A ugu st 13 ...... 530 00 April 22 ...... 30 00 1913. F ebruary $300 00 20 ...... 30 00 $60 00 MRS. JANE E. MACK MEMORIAL ROBERTSON MEMORIAL FUND 1912 FUND INCOME. INCOME. August 13...... $12 00 1912. October 23 ...... 3 00 July 22 ...... $15 00 1.913. March 3 ...... 15 00 January 28 ...... 15 00

« • . $30 00 $30 00 320 Annual Report—Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

ELIZABETH ADAIR CURRIE MRS. AGNES A. CLARK, JESSIE FUND INCOME. AND MARY CLARK MEMO­ 1912. July 22 ...... $17 29 RIAL FUND INCOME, September 9 ...... 27 00 1912. September 16 15M 71 ay 8 ...... «6 00 1913. October 23 ...... January 28 November 17 29 ll ...... 6 0fl M arch 13 ...... 27 00 1913. b uv A pril 7 ...... 15 71 A pril 22 ...... ' 9 00

$120 00 $ 3 0 00 ROBERT WOOD LYNN MEMO­ REV. W. W. BARR, D.D., MEMO- R IA L B ED . RIAL FUND INCOME. 1912. Mr. Hugh Lynn ...... $5«: 00 September 9 ...... $15 00 1913. ROBERT WOOD LYNN MEMO­ M arch 13 ...... 15 00 RIAL SCHOLARSHIP. $30 00 Mr. Hugh L ynn ...... $50 00 MARGARET WILSON MEMORIAL CHARITY PORTER MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. 1912. FUND INCOME. June 22 ...... $30 00 1912. . £■ . December 23 ...... 30 00 December 23 ...... $28 50 1913. $60 00 M arch 3 ...... 28 50 ROBERT DWIGHT FOSTER MEMO­ $57 00 RIAL FUND INCOME. McCARRELL-MOORE FUND 1912. INCOME. July 15 ...... $30 00 1913. 1913. January 28 ...... $30 uO January 13...... 30 00 MISCELLANEOUS. $60 01 Annuity Fund Income, VIRGINIA M. HANEY MEMORIAL General ...... $2,013 46 FUND INCOME. Annuity Fund Income, 1912. Special ...... 440 00 September 23 ...... $18 00 Come-Packet Furniture October 23 ...... 12 00 Co., Special, Egypt.... 150 1913. Crown Surgical Instru­ ment Co., Special, A pril 7 12^00 E gypt ...... 75 Presbyterian Ministers’ $42 00 Fund, Special, India .. 3 65 THOS. S. AND MART J. McCLAN- Mutual Life Assurance Society, Special, India . •" 2S AHAN MEMORIAL FUND Presbyterian Ministers’ INCOME. Fund, Special, Sudan.. 2 00 1912. M ay 8 $30 00 $ 2 ,4 6 4 64 N ovem ber 11 30 00 $60 00 Special Furlough Account $20 00 Annual Report—Receipts. 321 Receipts from 1859 to 1913. 1859 ...... ; 8,574 00 1897 Ordinary Sources, . $ 120,520 74 1860 ...... 14,332 77 1897 Trust Funds, etc., . 9,000 00 1861 ...... 21/274 68 1898 Ordinary Sources, . 114,330 17 1862 ...... 23,116 32 1898 Trust Funds, etc., . 10,415 70 1863 ...... 25,888 35 1899 Ordinary Sources, . 138,982 22 1864 ...... 37,880 37 1899 Trust Funds, etc., . 13,052 50 1865 78,109 49 1900 Ordinary Sources, . 136,870 76 1866 ...... 55,738 10 1900 Trust Funds, etc., . 35,365 46 1867 ...... 61,955 10 1901 Ordinary Sources, . 162,727 9'J 1868 ...... 71,699 76 1901 Trust Funds, etc., . 46,382 46 1869 ...... 50,624 62 1902 Ordinary Sources, . 148,212 29 1870 ...... 51,866 69 ] 1902 Trust Funds, etc., . 38,874 30 1871 ...... 47,620 74 I 1903 Ordinary Sources, . 184,515 78 1872 ...... 51,694 89 j 1903 Trust Funds, etc., . 69,289 19 1873 ...... 50,640 60 j 1904 Ordinary Sources, . 194,405 18 1874 ...... 59,460 98 ! 1904 Trust Funds, etc., . 24,833 42 1875 ...... 66,777 76 ! 1905 Ordinary Sources, . 176,266 05 1876 ...... 60,126 66 1905 Trust Funds, etc., . 75,310 28 1877 ...... 74,015 70 1906 Ordinary Sources, . 184,339 77 1878 ...... 47,551 01 1906 Trust Funds, etc., . 78,029 66 1879 ...... 51,321 93 1907 Ordinary Sources, . 178,557 30 1880 ...... 66,958 29 1907 Trust Funds, etc., . 88,636 67 1881 ...... 65,032 33 1907 Special Donations . 93,000 00 1882 ...... 77,859 80 1908 Ordinary Sources, . 200,299 58 188 3 ...... 102,839 46 1908 Trust Funds, etc., . 106,498 02 1884 ...... 69,186 22 1908 Special Donations . 12,000 00 1885 ...... 71,787 96 1909 Ordinary Sources, . 214,258 57 1886 ...... 86,352 77 1909 Trust Funds, etc., . 146,938 56 1887 ...... 83,943 80 1909 Special Donations . 37,000 00 1888 ...... 100,323 11 1910 Ordinary Sources, . 203,591 51 1889 ...... 108,585 13 1910 Trust Funds, etc., . 135,503 77 1890 ...... 100,539 36 1910 Special Donations . 8,000 00 1891 ...... 105,116 17 1911 Ordinary Sources, . 222,324 89 1892 ...... 112,816 02 1911 Trust Funds, etc., . 122,862 66 1893 ...... 115,892 87 1912 Ordinary Sources, . 222,343 09 1891 ...... 112,314 54 1912 Trust Funds, etc., . 157,396 76 1895 Ordinary Sources, . 104,905 80 1913 Ordinary Sources, . 274,094 06 1895 Trust Funds, etc., . 14,425 88 1913 Trust Funds, etc , . 185,728 62 1896 Ordinary Sources, . 122,938 65 1896 Trust Funds, etc., . 7,882 22 ! 322 Annual Report—Act of Incorporation.

ACT OF INCORPORATION.

A n A c t to I n c o r p o r a t e t h e B o a r d ok F o r e ig n M is s io n s o f t h e U n i t e d P resbyterian C h u r c h o f N o r t h A m e r i c a .

W h e r e a s , The General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church oi North America has a Board of Foreign Missions composed of ministers and laymen, members of the said church, the design of which is the establishing and conducting Christian Missions among the unevangelized or pagan nations, and the general diffusion of Christianity. And W h ereas, The aforesaid Board of Foreign Missions labors imr^r serious disadvantages as to receiving donations and bequests, and as to the management of funds entrusted to them for the purpose designated in their Constitution, and in accordance with the benevolent intentions of those from whom such bequests and donations are received ; therefore : S e c t i o n i . Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and is hereby enacted by the authority of the sam e: T h a t James Prestley, John B. Dales, Francis Church, Thomas H. Hanna, Samuel C. Huey, William Getty, TTiomas Stinson, and William W. Barr, citizens of the United States and of the Commonwealth of Pennsyl­ vania and their successors, are hereby constituted and declared to be a body politic and corporate, which shall henceforth be known by the name of the B oard of F oreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North A m erica, and as such shall have perpetual succession, and be able to sue and be sued in all the courts of record and elsewhere, and to purchase and receive, take and hold to them and their successors forever, lands, tenements, hereditaments, money, goods and chattels and all kind of estate which may be devised, bequeathed or given to them, and the same to sell, alien, demise and convey, also to make and use a common Seal, and the same to alter and renew at their pleasure, and also to make such rules, by-laws and ordinances, as may be needful for the government of the said Corporation, and not inconsistent with the Constitution and laws of the United States and this State. Provided always , that the clear and annual income of the real and personal estate held by this Corporation shall not at any time exceed the sum of twenty thousand dollars. The Corpora­ tion or persons above named shall hold their offices for three years from the date of this act, and until their successors are .duly qualified to take their places who shall be chosen at such times and in such way and manner as shall be prescribed by the said General Assembly of the United Presby­ terian Church of North America. The said Board hereby incorporated and their successors shall be subject to the direction of said General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, have full power to manage the funds and property committed to their care in such a manner as shall be most advantageous, not being contrary to law. J ames R. K e l l y , Speaker o f the House of Representatives, D. F leming, Speaker of the Senate. A p p r o v e d the Twelfth day of Apnl, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six. A . G. Curtin, G o v ern o r. Outlines for Missionary Sermons and Addresses.

OUTLINES FOE MISSIONARY SERMONS AND ADDRESSES.

NGte.—In some cases paragraphs or sections of paragraphs on a page are designated by letters, as “a,” “b,” “ c,” etc., following the number of the page. I. C onditions: 1. Of Poverty, 85. 2. Of Ignorance, 97d, 139b, 146bc. 3. Of General Degradation, 145j, 177. 4. Of Spiritual Degradation, 178b. 5. Of Fanaticism, 78b, 79c, 98b, 104d, 125b, 139a, 146e. 6. Degradation of Women, lOOd, 211. II. Mission Districts: To present the entire work of any single district, look up the page references given under the name of that district in the Topical Index. III. Missionary Methods: An effective address can be given on the various methods used on the foreign field. Look up page references under • each method given in the Topical Index. A logical classi­ fication of the various missionary methods is the follow­ ing: 1. Evangelistic Work: (1) Congregational. (a) Preaching, 173-178, 255. (b) Sabbath School, 89-92', 179. (c) Christian Endeavor, see Christian En­ deavor Society in Topical Index. (2) Harem or Zenana Work, 96-105, 182, 203-213. (3) Itinerating. (a) B y Boat, 79d, 260. (b) In Tents, 196-201, 208-213. 2. Educational W ork: (1) Literary. (a) Primary or Village Schools, 113e, 114, 115, 116, 127, 214-216, 264. (b) City, High or Boarding Schools, 110, 111- 113, 115, 118, 121-123, 127, 128, 132, 216- 228, 266-268. (c) Special Institutions, Colleges, Seminaries, 117, 119, 128, 130, 229, 230. (2) Industrial, 221, 222, 276. 3. Medical Work: (1) Hospitals, 141-144, 232-235. (2) Dispensaries, 145, 148a, 235, 272. (3) Itinerating, 269. 324 Outlines for Missionary Sermons and Addresses.

i. Book W ork: (1) Preparation of Literature, I37d. (2) Distribution. (a) Book Shops and Reading Rooms, 138b 201e, 2T)2, 203. (b) Colporteurs, 137b, 138, 203-207. (c) Missionary Itinerating, 208-213. IV. M oney: 1. The American Church’s Gifts, 33, 36, 45-50. 2. The Urgency of the Need, 64, 65, 184e. 3. The Grace of Giving in Mission Lands, see all page ref­ erences to Self-Support- V. N eeds: 1. Owing to Number of Heathen Unreached, 51-60, 105b, 196b, 198. 2. Owing to Number of Converts Requiring Care, 184d, 188ar 196a. 3. Owing to Conditions of People, see above under “I. Con­ ditions." 4. Owing to Lack of Proper Equipment, Buildings, 120e, 130g, 131c, 199a, 217f. VI. Opposition Encountered: See Opposition in Topical Index.

VII. Prayer: 1. Appeals Made for Prayer, see "Prayer Asked for,” in Topical Index. 2. Efficacy of Prayer, 17c, 77b, 85a, 205.

VIII. Successes: 1. Numerical, see Statistical. 2. Change of Character, 80b, 84c, 99g, 183d. 3. Liberality, see Self-Support in Topical Index. 4. Opening Doors, see Opportunity in Topical Index. Topical Index. 325

TOPICAL INDEX.

Note.—In some cases paragraphs or sections of paragraphs cn a page are designated by letters, as “a,” “b,” “c,” etc., following the number of the page. Act of Incorporation. Catfeolics, see Roman Catholics. Address—Of Board Officers, 4; of Christian Endeavor Society, in Missionaries, 6, 7, 8. Egypt, 93-95, 118d; in India, 180. Administration, 33, 36, 45-50. Christian Training Institute, 216. Alexandria, 81e, 97g, 110-112. Christian University for Egypt. Alphabetical List of Missionaries, ! 38, 59c, G3b. 279-286. j Colleges, see Assiut College, Cairo America, Past Y ear in, 28-30. I Girls’ College, Gordon Mission Anecdotes, see Illustrations. College. Annuities, 14. Colporteur, see Book Distribution, Appointment of Missionaries, 38. j Congregational Life: in Egypt, 54. Appropriations, see Budget. 84-88; in India, 173-179; in Su Assembly, Report of Board to, dan, 254, 255. 15-60; Committee on Foreign Conferences: under John R. Mott. Board, 61-63; Appropriations, i 16c; Tarkio, 30a; New Wil­ see Budget; Report of Women’s mington, 30b; Schutz, 30c; 106. Board, 66-69; Committee on | Contents, Table of, 2. Women’s Board, 70. I . Contributions, see Finance, Self Assiut, 102, 128-131. j Support, Treasurer’s Report. Assiut College, 128. Coptic Church, 53, 82-84. Assiut Hospital, 141-144. Correspondence with Mission Associate Secretary, 41b, 63b. aries, 6-8, 14. Corresponding Secretary, Visit tc Balkan War, 16a, 37e, 77d. Egypt and the Sudan, 19c, 30, Beneficence, see Finance, also 61d, 73, 86b, 106. Self-Support. Benha, 100, 116, 138. Death of Miss Ella O. Kyle, 74 c, Beni Suef, 102, 127. 119; of Tadros Yusef, 75b; of Bequest, Form of, 14. Mrs. Belle Gordon Lytle, 163; Bhera, Name of this Mission Dis­ of Mrs. Thos. F. Cummings, trict is now Sargodha. 164. Bible, see Book Distribution. Debt, 17c, 33d, 62c. Bible Schools in India, 192. Departments of Work: Bible Societies, see Book Distri­ See Evangelistic, Educational bution. Sabbath School, Harem or Bible and Prayer Conference, see Women’s Work, Book Distribu­ Summer Schools. tion, Medical, also Congrega­ Board of Foreign Missions- Mem­ tional. bers of, 4, 5; Time of Meeting, j Districts, see Mission Districts. 4: Report to Assembly, 15-60; 1 Doleib Hill, 258, 272', 276. Manual, 41; Assembly’s Com­ Educational W ork: in Egypt, 57, mittee on, 61. 106-135; in India, 214-231; in Book Distribution: in Egypt, 56, Sudan, 263-268. 136-139; in India, 201-203. Borden Bequest, S4f, 62a. ! E gyp t—Missionaries’ Addresses, Budget, 36, 37. 6, 7; Statistics, 9; see Statisti­ cal; Past Year in, 17-21; Find­ Cairo, 80, 81, 100, 117-127. ings of General Conference at Cairo Girls’ College, or Boarding Schutz, 51-60; Christian Univer­ School, 74c, 92c, 119 . sity, 38, 59c; Medical Work, 60; 326 Topical Index.

Report of Mission, 73-158; In- I Tanta Hospital, Memorial Hos­ troduction, 73-75; Evangelistic | pital, Good Samaritan Hospital, Work, 76-88; Sabbath Schools White Memorial Hospital, Sar- and Young People’s Societies, 89- godha Mission Hospital. 95; Harem Work, 96-105; Edu­ cational Work, 106-135; Book “ Ibis,” 79d. Department, 136-139; Medical Illustrations, List of, 3. Work, 140-148; Missionaries by Stations, 1912: 150, 151; Statis­ tics, 152-158. Illustrations for Missionary Ad­ dresses, etc.—See also page 323 “Egypt and the Christian £ru- EGYPT: Moslem Fanaticism, sade,” see Inside of Cover. j Egyptian Sudan: see Sudan; j 78b; Moslems Becoming Inter­ ested, 80; a “Rich Young Rul­ “Sorrow and Hope of the Egyp- j er” not Sorrowful, 80b; Real tian Sudan,” see Inside of Cov- | Personal Work, 81ab; Koran er, 29e. not Good Enough, 82a; Coptic Estim ates for Y ea r’s Work, 64, 65. j Prejudice, 83b; A Deeper Life Evangelistic Work: in Egypt, 56, ; of Prayer, 84c; Congregational 76-88; in India, 196-213; in Su- ! Efficiency, 85a; A Self-Sacrific­ dan, 255-262. ing Brother, 85b; Live Young Every-Member Canvass, 28c, 35, j People, 94; Prayer Answered, 36, see United Missionary Cam- j 98d; A Wonderful Change, 99g; paign. An Uncomfortable Mohamme­ dan, 100c; Converted but Faiyum, 101, 128, 147. Afraid, 102b; An Inquiring “Far North in India,” see Inside j Catholic, 102d; Active Volun of Cover. ; teers, 102f; Children’s Testi­ mony, 112b ; The Tie that Finance—33, 36; Treasurer’s Ex-‘ Binds, 120b; Persecuted, 121b; hibit, 45-50; Detailed Report,287- . Kidnapped from the Orphan­ 321 ; see Appropriations, Self- i age, 126; “You Must Buy,” Support. j 138e; Not a “Charm,” 139b; Findings of Schütz Conference, : Interesting Cases, 143c; Curse 51-60, 107-110. j of Ignorance, 146bc; Sword of Form of Will, 14. the Spirit Conquers, 146e. Fowler Orphanage, 123. Funds, Special, 34. j INDIA: Children’s Prayers, 180f; A Redeemed Pledge, 182e; A General Assembly, see Assembly. New Name, 183d; Strong in th e General Information, 14. Faith, 186a; Faith, 188c; Con­ Giving, see Contributions. secrating Her Baby, 191b ; In­ “God’s Plan for World Redemp­ spiration Received, 192b; A tion,” see Inside of Cover. i Hindu’s Advice, 197b; A Hin­ Good Illustrations, see Illustra- j du’s Prophecy, 198b; Changed tions. j Sentiment, 200d; Rawal Pindi’s Good Samaritan Hospital, 234. ■ Christmas, 202c; Bibles Eagerly Gordon Mission College, 229. Sought For, 202d; The P o w e r Gujranwala, 173b, 174a, 182b, of the Scriptures, 203a; Near 187d, 190d, 192b, 196b, 2’03d, the Kingdom, 205; Prayer An­ 208b, 214b, 218, 221, 223b, 230. swered, 205; Demands Chris­ Gujranwala Boys’ High School, I t ia n Tutors, 206c; P a tie n c e 228 ' I Triumphs, 207a; Good News fo r Gurdaspur, 174b, 179b, 181b, 182c, Women, 208c; Seeking and 187e, 190e, 192c, 196c, 201f, 204a, Finding Comfort, 210a; “ You 208c, 214d. i May 'Be too Late,” 210b; A Handbook, 35c, 62b. . Mediator for All, 212b; A Mos­ Harem Work in Egypt, 96-105. i lem Mother's Wish, 219h; A Hinduism, 166. j Merry Christmas, 224g; Un­ Historical Sketch, 13. wavering Faith Till Death, Hospitals, see Assiut Hospital, 233b. Topical Index. 327 SUDAN: A Liberal Coptic Priest, Methods of Work, see Depart­ 257b; Nuer Account of Crea­ ments. tion, 261f; Good Advice from a Million Dollar Campaign, 2'8c. Liberal Moslem, 264d; A Mirac­ Minieh, 8Ge. ulous Cure, 270b; The First Mission D is t r ic t s : —EGYPT: see Wooden Leg, 272c; Bitten by a Alexandria, Assiut, Benha, Beni- Snake, 273c; The Medicine Man j Suef, Cairo, Faiyum, Luxor, Fails, 273d; Doleib Hill Store, ! Monsurah, Tanta, Zakazik. IN­ 257, 276. ! DIA: see Gujranwala, Gurdas- pur, Jhelum, Khangah Dogran, In Memoriam, 163-165. I Lyallpur, Pasrur, Pathankot, Rawal Pindi, Sangla Hill, Sar- India — Missionaries’ Addresses, | godha (formerly Bhera), Sial­ 7, 8; Statistics, 10; see Statisti- j kot, Zafarwal. SUDAN: see cal; Past Year in, 21-25; Report j Doleib Hill, Khartum. of Mission, 161-249; Introduc- ; Missionaries: Names and Ad­ tion, 161, 1G2; In Memoriam, ] dresses, 6-8; Movements of, 31, 163-165; Effects of Modern | 75d; New Appointments, 38; Movements in Hinduism and ; Salaries, 42; by Stations during Mohammedanism, 166; Work j 1912, 150, 151, 238-242; Alpha­ Among Christians, 173-184; betical List of, 279-286. Sialkot Convention, 194; Evan­ Mission Study Classes, 29, 6lg. gelistic Work, 196-213; Educa- j Mohammedans, Work among: tional Work, 214-231; Medical j Egypt, 53, 74b, 77-82, 86d, 87d, Work, 232-2"36; Needs, 237; Mis- l 88; India, 166; in Sudan, 256d. sionaries by Stations, 238-242; Money, see Self-Support, Treas­ Statistics, 243-247. urer’s Report, Finance. Industrial Work in India, 221, Money Values in Egypt, India and 222; in Sudan, 276. Sudan, 14." Information, General, 14. Monsurah, 99, 113 , 114. Institutions, see College, Hospital, Moslem, see Mohammedan. Industrial, Theological. Itinerating, see Evangelistic. Need, 27e, 37de, 40, 52, 55, 94b, 120e, 130fg, 131c, 178a, 184e, 188ac, 189b, 196b, 197b, 198a, Jhelum, 174c, 179c, 182d, 197b, 199a, 201d, 217f, 274b. 2'04b, 209b, 223d, 225, 234. j New Wilmington Conference, 30b. Kaliub Orphanage, 124. i Nile Boats, 79d, 260. ! Nuers, Beginning of Work among, Khangah Dogran, 175b, 181c, 182e, 188a, 197c, 204c, 209c, 215a, ! 259; Medical Work, 269. 223e ! Omdurman, see Khartum, Khartum, 254, 255, 263-268, 274. i Opportunity, 74b, 79c, 81e, 82c, 83d, 88b, 107-110, 208b, 212 b, Liberality, see Self-Support, 2621). Treasurer’s Report. Opposition, 78bc, 79, 98b, 112e , Literature, Missionary, 35, 62’; see 121b, 127c, 138c, 173, 175c, 177b, Inside Page of Cover for Ad­ 185b, 188b, 198c, 199b, 202d, vertisements. 204a, 205a, 205, 209b, 211b , 219g, Luxor, 104, 131. 228g, 232c, 264b. Lyallpur, 175c, 182f, 186df, 188b, j 190f, 192d, 198b, 204d, 209d, | Outlines for Missionary Sermons 215b. and Addresses, etc., 323, 324.

Manual of Board, 41. Pasrur, 175d, 179d, 180f, 182g, Map of Egypt, opposite page 158; 186e, 188c, 192’e, 198c, 201g, of India, opposite page 250. 205b, 210b, 215c, 217, 222, 233. Medical Work: In Egypt, 60, 140- Past Year in Egypt, 17; in India, 148; in India, 232; in Sudan, 2 1; in Sudan, 25; in America, 269-275. 28 Melas, 190. Pathankot, 18 Id, 183b, 189a, Memorial Hospital, 232. j 199b, 202b, 2'06b, 210c, 220, 224a. 328 Topical Index.

Persecution, see Opposition. 226, 227, 228, 2'36', 243-249- Su- Postage. Rates, 14. dan, 255, 263, 267, 269, 272,’ 274 Prayer Asked For, 85b, 105b, 148b, 276, 278. 206a. Study Courses on Missions, see Presbyterial Conferences, 2'8b. Inside of Cover for Advertise­ Pressly Memorial Institute, 130. ment. Prizes Given by Mrs. Helen Gould Successes, see Progress. Shepard, 99c. Progress, 21d, 79d, 80, 82c, 101a, Sudan—Missionaries, 7 ; Statis­ 102f, 121b, 129e, 175a, 182b, tics, 11; see Statistical; Past 183a, 186cd, 189b, 192c, 200d, Year in, 25-27; Report of Mis­ 207b, 210c, 216e, 229e, 258f, 259, I sion, 253-278; Introduction, 253; 264c. Evangelistic Work, 255-262; Educational Work, 263-268; Rawal Pindi, 176b, 179f, 183c, 18Gd, Medical Work, 269-275; Indus­ 200b, 202c, 206c, 211b , 215d, trial Work, 276; Statistics, 278. 224b, 227, 229. “Sudan, Sorrow and Hope of Report of Board to Assembly, 15- Egyptian,” 29e, see Inside Cov­ 60; of Assem bly’s Committee, er. 61-63; Budget, 64-65; of Wom­ Summary of All Work, 12; His­ en’s Board, 66-69; Assem bly’s torical, 13. Committee on Women’s Board, Summer Bible Schools in India, 70; of Egypt’s Mission, 73-158; 192. of India Mission, 161-249; of Su­ Summer Schools, at New Wil­ dan Mission, 253-278; of Treas­ mington, 30b; at Tarkio, 30a. urer, 287-321. Survey of Year, Past, 17-34; New, Roman Catholics, 173, 175c, 177b, 35-43. 185b. Tables, of Contents, 2 ; of Illustra­ Sabbath School, Literature for, tions, 3. ¿■9c, 35e. Tables of Statistics, see Statisti­ Sabbath School Work: In Egypt, cal. 89-92; in India, 179. Tanta, 98b, 117. Sangla Hill, 183d, 189b, 191b, Tanta Hospital, 144. 193b, 200e, 206d, 212a , 215e, 219. Tarkio Conference, 30a. Sargcdha, 176c, 180b, 183e, 184e, Thanks, 43, 117d , 12’Of, 217e, 222g. 189c, 193c, 201b, 203b, 207a, Theological Seminary; Egypt, 212b, 215f, 219, 224d. 117; in India, 230. Sargodha Mission Hospital, 235. Treasurer’s Exhibit, 45-50; De­ Schools, see Educational. tailed, 287-321. Self-Support and Contributions, 92d, lOOf, 122, 123, 174b, 176ab, United Missionary Campaign, 35, 179-184, 187a, 191, 200a, 220f, 62d. 255.. University for Egypt, 38, 59c, Sermons, see Outlines on pages 63b. 323, 224 White Memorial Hospital, 233. Shilluks (formerly written Shulla, Will, Form of, 14. see note on page 253.) See Do- Women’s Board, Report of, 66-69; leib Hill. Assembly’s Committee on, 70. Schütz Conference, 30c; Findings Women, W ork for: in Egypt, of, 51-60, 107-110. 57, 96-105; in India, 182, 203- Sialkot, 177b, 179b, 180ce, 181a, 213. 184b, 185c, 189d, 193d, 201c, 207b, 2l2c, 215g, 216, 217, 224e, Young Men’s Christian Associa­ 227, 232. tion, Sudan, 257. Sialkot Convention, 194, 195. Young People’s Societies; see “Sorrow and Hope of Egyptian Christian Endeavor. Sudan,” 29e, see Inside of Cov­ er. Zafarwal, 178b, 180d, 184c, 190b. Statistical Tables: General, 12, 191c, 193e, 201d, 207c, 213b, 1 3 ; Egypt, 9, 76, 89, 96, 100, 106, 2Hia. 220b. 127, 134, 135, 136, 140, 141, 144, Zakazik, 99, 115 . 146f, 147, 149, 152-158; India, Zwemer, Rev. S. M., 31c, 61e, 73a, 216, 217, 219, 220, 221, 222, 225, 86c.