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The Origins of the Underline As Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: a Case Study in Skeuomorphism
The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Romano, John J. 2016. The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism. Master's thesis, Harvard Extension School. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33797379 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism John J Romano A Thesis in the Field of Visual Arts for the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies Harvard University November 2016 Abstract This thesis investigates the process by which the underline came to be used as the default signifier of hyperlinks on the World Wide Web. Created in 1990 by Tim Berners- Lee, the web quickly became the most used hypertext system in the world, and most browsers default to indicating hyperlinks with an underline. To answer the question of why the underline was chosen over competing demarcation techniques, the thesis applies the methods of history of technology and sociology of technology. Before the invention of the web, the underline–also known as the vinculum–was used in many contexts in writing systems; collecting entities together to form a whole and ascribing additional meaning to the content. -
Summary of March 12, 2013 FTC Guide, “Dot Com Disclosures” by Susan D
Originally published in the American Advertising Federation Phoenix Chapter Newsletter (June 2013) Summary of March 12, 2013 FTC Guide, “Dot Com Disclosures” By Susan D. Brienza, Attorney at Ryley Carlock & Applewhite “Although online commerce (including mobile and social media marketing) is booming, deception can dampen consumer confidence in the online marketplace.” Conclusion of new FTC Guide on Disclosures The Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) has broad powers to regulate and monitor all advertisements for goods and services (with the exception of a few industries such as banking and aviation)— advertisements in any medium whatsoever, including Internet and social media promotions. Under long-standing FTC statutes, regulations and policy, all marketing claims must be true, accurate, not misleading or deceptive, and supported by sound scientific or factual research. Often, in order to “cure” a potentially deceptive claim, a disclaimer or a disclosure is required, e.g., “The following blogs are paid reviews.” Recently, on March 12, 2013, the Federal Trade Commission published a revised version of its 2000 guide known as Dot Com Disclosures, after a two-year process. The new FTC staff guidance, .com Disclosures: How to Make Effective Disclosures in Digital Advertising, “takes into account the expanding use of smartphones with small screens and the rise of social media marketing. It also contains mock ads that illustrate the updated principles.” See the FTC’s press release regarding its Dot Com Disclosures guidance: http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2013/03/dotcom.shtm and the 53-page guide itself at http://ftc.gov/os/2013/03/130312dotcomdisclosures.pdf . I noted with some amusement that the FTC ends this press release and others with: “Like the FTC on Facebook, follow us on Twitter. -
The History of Computer Language Selection
The History of Computer Language Selection Kevin R. Parker College of Business, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho USA [email protected] Bill Davey School of Business Information Technology, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia [email protected] Abstract: This examines the history of computer language choice for both industry use and university programming courses. The study considers events in two developed countries and reveals themes that may be common in the language selection history of other developed nations. History shows a set of recurring problems for those involved in choosing languages. This study shows that those involved in the selection process can be informed by history when making those decisions. Keywords: selection of programming languages, pragmatic approach to selection, pedagogical approach to selection. 1. Introduction The history of computing is often expressed in terms of significant hardware developments. Both the United States and Australia made early contributions in computing. Many trace the dawn of the history of programmable computers to Eckert and Mauchly’s departure from the ENIAC project to start the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation. In Australia, the history of programmable computers starts with CSIRAC, the fourth programmable computer in the world that ran its first test program in 1949. This computer, manufactured by the government science organization (CSIRO), was used into the 1960s as a working machine at the University of Melbourne and still exists as a complete unit at the Museum of Victoria in Melbourne. Australia’s early entry into computing makes a comparison with the United States interesting. These early computers needed programmers, that is, people with the expertise to convert a problem into a mathematical representation directly executable by the computer. -
Download CMPEN 270 Design Project 3 Part 1
Watch the video before the lab! *If you do the lab incorrectly, no excuses are valid, and the video will explain all of the finer details of the lab needed to correctly complete the lab! *Labs will not always be graded before the due date. Do not rely on the ability to resubmit a lab before the due date. *Attend your specific lab section for the best chance to learn and perform well on the labs. NO Late Submissions allowed! *The labs are a very small percentage of the grade, and they are designed to help you learn. Come to class prepared, and with a good mindset, with intentions on learning. The labs are low risk because they are worth little to no points for your overall grade. *TWO labs/homeworks will be dropped at the end of the semester! CMPEN 270 Design Project 3 #1 2021 Resources for the Lab: 1. Tutorial: "http://www.asic-world.com/verilog/veritut.html" Hardware Description Language In computer engineering, a hardware description language (HDL) is a specialized computer language used to describe the structure and behavior of electronic circuits, and most commonly, digital logic circuits. A hardware description language enables a precise, formal description of an electronic circuit that allows for the automated analysis and simulation of an electronic circuit. It also allows for the synthesis of a HDL description into a netlist (a specification of physical electronic components and how they are connected), which can then be placed and routed to produce the set of masks used to create an integrated circuit. -
Insert a Hyperlink OPEN the Research on First Ladies Update1 Document from the Lesson Folder
Step by Step: Insert a Hyperlink Step by Step: Insert a Hyperlink OPEN the Research on First Ladies Update1 document from the lesson folder. 1. Go to page four and select the Nancy Reagan picture. 2. On the Insert tab, in the Links group, click the Hyperlink button to open the Insert Hyperlink dialog box. The Insert Hyperlink dialog box opens. By default, the Existing File or Web Page is selected. There are additional options on where to place the link. 3. Key http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/ in the Address box; then click OK. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is how the data is transfer to the external site through the servers. The picture is now linked to the external site. 4. To test the link, press Ctrl then click the left mouse button. When you hover over the link, a screen tip automatically appears with instructions on what to do. 5. Select Hilary Clinton and repeat steps 2 and 3. Word recalls the last address, and the full address will appear once you start typing. You have now linked two pictures to an external site. 6. It is recommended that you always test your links before posting or sharing. You can add links to text or phrases and use the same process that you just completed. 7. Step by Step: Insert a Hyperlink 8. Insert hyperlinks with the same Web address to both First Ladies names. Both names are now underlined, showing that they are linked. 9. Hover over Nancy Reagan’s picture and you should see the full address that you keyed. -
Computer Architecture Simulation Using a Register Transfer Language
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE SIMULATION USING A REGISTER TRANSFER LANGUAGE, by LESTER BARTEL B. A., Tabor College, 1983 A MASTER'S THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Computer Science KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 1986 Approved by: Majory 'rofessor A11ED5 b565Q3 .TH- Table of Contents List of Figures v Acknowledgements vi 1 . Introduction 1 1 .1 . Purpose of an Architecture Simulator 1 1 .2 . Instruction Set Processor 3 1 .3 . Machine Cycle Simulator 3 1 .4 . Register Transfer Language 4 1 .5 . Silicon Compilers 6 1 .6 . Definitions 8 2 . Review of Existing CHDLs 10 2 .1 . Representative CHDLs 10 2 .1 .1 . CDL 10 2 .1 .2 . ISP 11 2 .1 .3 . AHPL 11 2 .1 .4 . DDL 13 2 .1 .5 . ADLIB 14 2 .1 .6 . DTMS 15 2 .1 .7 . CONLAN 17 2 .2 . Levels of Hardware Description 17 2 .2 .1 . Circuit Level 18 2 .2 .2 . Logic Gate Level 18 2 .2 .3 . Register Transfer Level 19 2 .2 .3 .1 . Structure Level 19 2 .2 .3 .2 . Functional Level 19 .2 . 2 .3 .3 Behavior Level . .20 2 .2 .4 . Instruction Set Level 20 2 .2 .5 . Processor Memory Switch Level 21 2 .2 .6 . Algorithmic Level 21 2 .3 . Applications of CHDLs 21 2 .3 .1 . Descriptive Tool 22 2 .3 .2 . Simulation and Design Verification 23 2 .3 .3 . Design Automation and Hardware Synthesis 24 3 . Introduction to ASIM II 25 3 .1 . Purpose of ASIM II 25 3 .2 . Description of Components 27 4 . -
How to Hyperlink Documents in Text Windows
How-To Hyperlink Documents in Text Windows Summary: Steps to add a document hyperlink inside a text window. These links can also reside in a table inside the Text window. (This also works for events and news components). Getting to the webpage: Travel to the page you want to work on by clicking on the Site Section name then the red Content Page button. Find and click on the name of your page in the list….. OR, if you have already visited the page, choose it from your dropdown on the Admin Home. Choose the component: Find the component you wish to work on from either Window #1 or Window #2 and click the green Edit button Hyperlinking Steps 1. Inside the Text Window, highlight the word(s) you wish to use as your document hyperlink 2. If the word is already hyperlinked, highlight the word and choose to remove the link 3. Find the Insert Document (pdf) icon on the window toolbar and click it 4. Click on the Upload icon at the top right of the Insert Document pop up window 5. Click the Please select files to upload button and navigate to your document 6. Highlight the document and choose Open SCRIC | How-To Hyperlink Documents In Text Windows 1 7. You will now see your document at the top of the Insert Document pop up window. 8. You can choose here to have the document open in a new window if you like by clicking on the dropdown called Target (it will open in a new window when viewers click on the document hyperlink) 9. -
Hyperlinks and Bookmarks with ODS RTF Scott Osowski, PPD, Inc, Wilmington, NC Thomas Fritchey, PPD, Inc, Wilmington, NC
Paper TT21 Hyperlinks and Bookmarks with ODS RTF Scott Osowski, PPD, Inc, Wilmington, NC Thomas Fritchey, PPD, Inc, Wilmington, NC ABSTRACT The ODS RTF output destination in the SAS® System opens up a world of formatting and stylistic enhancements for your output. Furthermore, it allows you to use hyperlinks to navigate both within a document and to external files. Using the STYLE option in the REPORT procedure is one way of accomplishing this goal and has been demonstrated in previous publications. In contrast, this paper demonstrates a new and more flexible approach to creating hyperlinks and bookmarks using embedded RTF control words, PROC REPORT, and the ODS RTF destination. INTRODUCTION The ODS RTF output destination in SAS allows you to customize output in the popular file Rich Text Format (RTF). This paper demonstrates one approach to using the navigational options available in RTF files from PROC REPORT by illustrating its application in two examples, a data listing and an item 11 data definition table (DDT). Detailed approaches using the STYLE option available within PROC REPORT are widely known and have been well documented. These approaches are great if you want the entire contents of selected cells designated as external hyperlinks. However, the approach outlined in this paper allows you to have multiple internal and/or external hyperlinks embedded in any text in the report and offers options not available when using the style statement. This flexibility does come with a price, as the code necessary is lengthier than the alternative. It’s up to you to decide which method is right for your output. -
International Journal for Scientific Research & Development
IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 7, Issue 10, 2019 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613 Comparative Study of Hardware Languages and Programming Languages Mrs. A. N. Dubey1 Mrs. P. R. Autade2 1,2JSPM RSCOE Polytechnic IInd shift Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, India Abstract— Comparison of programming languages is a common topic of discussion for engineers but comparison of hardware languages and programming languages is very rare or not found easily. In this paper we present a comparative study between hardware languages such as VHDL, Verilog and SystemC and programming languages such as C,C++ and Java languages; These languages are compared under the characteristics of syntax of code, evolution reliability, tools, readability, efficiency, familiarity and applications used in Industry for future carrier with terms differentiation of various languages. Keywords: Hardware languages, HDL, Programming languages, C, Code, VHDL, Verilog I. INTRODUCTION The complexioness of integrated circuits increases every year, so reduce complexities invent Hardware Description Lanauages in1984 by Phil Moorby and Prabhu Goel around 1984. Implementing algorithms using hardware languages like VHDL or Verilog. The first level programming language was Plankalkül, created by Konrad Zuse between 1942 and Fig. 1: History of Programming Languages 1945. The main and important comparison between HDL and Programming Language is that HDL describes the behavior B. History of Hardware Languages- of digital systems while Software Language provides a set of Sr.no. Year Languages Description instructions for the CPU to perform a particular task. Mostly designed for Programming languages are extremely interesting. Computer simulation, formal 1 1972 FHL scientists tend to invent new programming languages. -
Web Template Extraction Based on Hyperlink Analysis
Web Template Extraction Based on Hyperlink Analysis Julian´ Alarte David Insa Josep Silva Departamento de Sistemas Informaticos´ y Computacion´ Universitat Politecnica` de Valencia,` Valencia, Spain [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Salvador Tamarit Babel Research Group Universidad Politecnica´ de Madrid, Madrid, Spain [email protected] Web templates are one of the main development resources for website engineers. Templates allow them to increase productivity by plugin content into already formatted and prepared pagelets. For the final user templates are also useful, because they provide uniformity and a common look and feel for all webpages. However, from the point of view of crawlers and indexers, templates are an important problem, because templates usually contain irrelevant information such as advertisements, menus, and banners. Processing and storing this information is likely to lead to a waste of resources (storage space, bandwidth, etc.). It has been measured that templates represent between 40% and 50% of data on the Web. Therefore, identifying templates is essential for indexing tasks. In this work we propose a novel method for automatic template extraction that is based on similarity analysis between the DOM trees of a collection of webpages that are detected using menus information. Our implementation and experiments demonstrate the usefulness of the technique. 1 Introduction A web template (in the following just template) is a prepared HTML page where formatting is already implemented and visual components are ready so that we can insert content into them. Templates are used as a basis for composing new webpages that share a common look and feel. -
EASY TEACHER WEBPAGES a Professional Development Session Presented by the Instructional Technology Department Clark County Public Schools
EASY TEACHER WEBPAGES A Professional Development Session Presented by the Instructional Technology Department Clark County Public Schools AGENDA Introduction • Web Safety • The Easy Teacher Webpage concept Set up • One-Time-Only setup process Getting Started • Resetting your Password • View your new page • Logging in to Administer Your Page • Navigating your new page: o Dashboard o Writing a post . Formatting Text . Adding hyperlinks . Adding images o Manage/Edit Posts o Creating Page Links Customization • Presentation Mode • Finding other Themes • Setting up special options Directing People to Your Site Additional Topics Time to get creative and explore your page! ONE TIME ONLY SETUP PROCEDURES These steps will only occur at the start of this session. You will never need to worry about this portion of the instructions again. STEP 1: Log into the set up page Open Internet Explorer In Address Bar type in: http://ilearn.clarkschools.net/sites/username STEP 2: Click on install.php STEP 3: Click “First Step” Continue to STEP 4 >> STEP 4: Enter basic information (this can be changed later, so don’t worry) Enter a working title Enter your Clark County email address ([email protected]) Click “Continue to Second Step” STEP 5: MOST IMPORTANT STEP – COPY YOUR ASSIGNED PASSWORD! BE SURE TO COPY THIS PASSWORD CODE. VERY IMPORTANT! Once copied, click “wp-login.php” Continue to STEP 6 >> STEP 6: Access the Administration Page for the first time The Username for everyone is “Admin” Use the password you just copied in the password box. Click Login STEP 7: Congratulations! You have just created your own webpage! The page you see on your screen is your Admin access page. -
Enterprise Chat and Email Agent's User Guide, Release 11.6(1)
Enterprise Chat and Email Agent’s Guide, Release 11.6(1) ES4 For Unified Contact Center Enterprise First Published: August 2016 Last Updated: April 2020 Americas Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA http://www.cisco.com Tel: 408 526-4000 800 553-NETS (6387) Fax: 408 527-0883 THE SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION REGARDING THE PRODUCTS IN THIS MANUAL ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. ALL STATEMENTS, INFORMATION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN THIS MANUAL ARE BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE BUT ARE PRESENTED WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. USERS MUST TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR APPLICATION OF ANY PRODUCTS. THE SOFTWARE LICENSE AND LIMITED WARRANTY FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PRODUCT ARE SET FORTH IN THE INFORMATION PACKET THAT SHIPPED WITH THE PRODUCT AND ARE INCORPORATED HEREIN BY THIS REFERENCE. IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO LOCATE THE SOFTWARE LICENSE OR LIMITED WARRANTY, CONTACT YOUR CISCO REPRESENTATIVE FOR A COPY. The Cisco implementation of TCP header compression is an adaptation of a program developed by the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) as part of UCB's public domain version of the UNIX operating system. All rights reserved. Copyright © 1981, Regents of the University of California. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER WARRANTY HEREIN, ALL DOCUMENT FILES AND SOFTWARE OF THESE SUPPLIERS ARE PROVIDED “AS IS" WITH ALL FAULTS. CISCO AND THE ABOVE-NAMED SUPPLIERS DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THOSE OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE, OR TRADE PRACTICE. IN NO EVENT SHALL CISCO OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOST PROFITS OR LOSS OR DAMAGE TO DATA ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS MANUAL, EVEN IF CISCO OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.