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Document Resume Ed 369 536 Ps 022 288 Author DOCUMENT RESUME ED 369 536 PS 022 288 AUTHOR Johnston, Janet R., Ed. TITLE Violence and Hate in the Family and Neighborhood: New Perspectives, Policy and Programs. INSTITUTION Center for the Family in Transition, Corte Madera CA. SPONS AGENCY Zellerbach Family Fund, San Francisco, Calif. PUB DATE 92 NOTE 422p. PUB TYPE Collected Works General (020) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC17 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Battered Women; Child Abuse; Cohabitation; *Family (Sociological Unit); *Family Violence; Marital Instability; *Neighborhoods; Rape; Sexual Abuse; Victims of Crime; *Violence IDENTIFIERS Date Rape; Dating Violence; Gangs; Hate Crime; Intergenerational Transmission; Marital Rape ABSTRACT There is accumulating research in diverse areas about the social conditions that are likely to promote violent environments, and the effects of these environments upon the development of children and youth. This series of papers on violence and hate traces abusive relationships through childhood and into adulthood, suggesting how these relationships might be linked and highlighting the intergenerational legacy of violence. Each paper deals with definitional issues, incidence rates and the problems of collecting valid estimates, research findings about associated factors and effects on victims, and current theories that explain each type of violence. Also discussed are overall approaches to intervention and specific programs that can be implemented. The seven papers are:(1) "Violence and Hate in the Family and Neighborhood: An Overview" (Kristan Glasgow and others);(2) "The Physical and Sexual Abuse of Children" (Jeanne Barr and others);(3) "Gangs and Their Violence" (Diana Chuang and others); (4) "Toward an Understanding of Hate Crimes" (Cory Booker and others);(5) "Intimacy and Sexual Violence: Date Rape and Marital Rape" (Howard Chow);(6) "Intimacy and Violence: Abuse in Marriage, Dating, and Cohabitation" (Linh Cao); and (7) "The Intergenerational Legacy of Family Violence: A Critical Review and Reformulation." References are included with chapters 2-7. (TJQ) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** .4111111111PWIRINIMINNEENwirgriprg.--!.! ., .41Vir :7"RIIIMBONNome. 4. U.*. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Mc, of Educational Rosearch and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERICI yfThis doc, ment has been reproducedas received from the Person or organization onginating CI Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction Quality Points of view or opone slated in this docu ment do not neceseahly represent official OERI position or policy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY "Sg.N.NiX R -3t\vastor -9" TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." ALUMAMC atmsamase tam amoral! DRAFT: OOMMENTS WELCOME VIOLENCE AND HATE IN IE FAMILY AND NEIGHBORHOOD: NEW PERSPECTIVES, POLICY, AND PROGRAMS Edited by Janet R. JOhnston, Ph.D. Copyright 0 1992 Center for the Family in Transition 5725 Paradise Drive, Bldg. B, Suite 300 Corte Madera, CA 94925 (415) 924-5750 Violence and Hate in the Family and Neighborhood: New Perspectives, Policy, and Programs Edited by Janet R. Johnston, Ph.D. Table of Contents Preface Clapter 1 Violence and Hate in the Family and Neighborhood:An Overview Fristan Glasgow :Kristin Hansen Janet R. Johnston Chapter 2 The Physical and Sexual Abuse of Children Jeanne Barr Kristan Glasgow Kristin Hansen Chapter 3 Gangs and Their Violence Diana Chuang Jorge Elizondo Lawrence Hernandez Erinn Lopez Chapter 4 Toward an Uhderstanding of Hate Crimes Cory A. Booker John F. Damrose Jim J. Hinckley Chapter 5 Intimacy and Sexual Violence:Date Rape and Marital Rape Howard Chow Fasi Allen Fuller Rebekah Saul Susan Slater Chapter 6 Intimacy and Violence: Abuse in Marriage, Dating, and Cohabiting Linh Cao Julie FWon Prudence Lam Chapter 7 The Intergenerational Legacy of Family Violence: A Critical Review ard Reformulation Janet R. Johnston Preface This work was inspired by a provocative invitation fromEd Nathan, Executive Director of the Zellerbach Family Fund. For more than a decade, we had received support from this foundation to develop clinicalprograms for high-conflict and violent divorcing families.Now, Ed challenged us to think beyond the confines of psychological interventions with individualsand families, and to look at "the big picture"-- to try to understand modern families in the context of other social institutions andthe community at large. He pointed out the growing concern with violence and hate inour society and wondered how its various manifestationswere related. Was it possible to take a larger perspective and developsame guiding principles for social policy and programs? There is accumulating researdh in diverse areas (sociological, psydhological, political, and economic) About what social conditionsare likely to promote violent environments and their effectsupon the development of Children and youths. At the Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Where I lead seminars that are a part of a N1MH training grant, 18 especially selected, advanced undergraduate, masters, and doctoral students joinedme in the guest to collect the fragments of the puzzle and try toput together an overall picture. The students' diverse backgrounds in sociology, psydhology, political science, education, and journalism matdhed their ethnic diversity:African- American, Vietnamese, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Hispanic, Filipino,and European-American. Most ppoke at least two languages. Altogether, they were a spirited, serious-minded group of young men andwomen, inspired by their own personal experiences or their concern for others, and extremelyeager to contribute in a meardngfUl way. The catastrophic Los Angeles riots erupted While we were in the midst of this project, whidh addedgreatly to our sense of urgency. Among the Stanford community, as elseWhere, tremendousconcerns were being raised about inner-city proiblems, race relations, disruptedfamilies, and related violence. The topic of violence and hate was divided into five parts, whichform five chapters: child abuse and sexual molestation; gang violence; hate crimes; date and marital rape; and violence in dating, cohabiting, and marital relationships.They trace abusive relationships through childhood and into adulthood, suggesting haw these might be linked and highlighting the intergenerational legacy of violence (a sixth chapter). Each paper deals with definitional issues, incidence rates and the problems of collecting valid estimates, research findings about associated factors and effectson victims, and current theories which explain each type of violence.Each paper also tries to address overall approaches to intervention and suggests specific programs that can be implemented.We recognize, however, that there is a great deal more to be done in this regard. The overall goal of this series of papers, collectively entitled Violence and Hate in the Family and Neighborhood: New Perspectives, Policy, and Programs, was to form a social science basis for a position paper (the opening chapter of this volume), which could be of use to social policy paanners, lawmakers, mental health professionals, funding agencies, and the concerned community. Funding for the project was provided by a grant from the Zellerbach Family Fund. In addition, the NIMH training grant entitled "Social Processes and Pathological Outcomes," awarded to the Department of Sociology at Stanford University, provided the seminar forum in which these papers were developed. We are heavily inddbted to the editorial assistance of Barbara Lehman in preparing the final draft of this volume. Janet R. Johnston, Ph.D. Center for the Family in Transition, Corte Madera, and Stanford University, Palo Alto, California September, 1992 LEAFT VERSION ONLY: chapter 1 VIOLENCE AND HATE IN THE FAMILY AND NEIGHBORHOOD: AN OVERVIEW Yristan Glasgow Kristin Hansen Janet R. Johnston, Ph.D. 7 The Prablem The proliferation of failed personal relationships in our modern society is causing a relentless flood of hate and violence which threatens to tear apart our families and communities. Domestic violence is epidemic and includes Child Abuse, spousal Abuse, incest, marital and date rape.Neighborhood violence ranges from intimidation and physical force among young Children at sdhool and at play to gang violence and randam spontaneous crimes among disaffected adolescents and young adults. At the societal level, hate crimes are proliferating against those who are "outsiders" in terms of race, ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation. Although there has been increased attention given to these problems in recent years, our efforts to find solutions have remained fragmented.There is a pressing need to draw together the findings of social scientists and the experience of clinical practitioners, in order to fully understand the fundamental social and psydhological processes that result in what is now generally acknowledged to be an intolerable level of violence in American society. We must develop an overardhing social policy to guide the development of programs and institutional practices aimed at the prevention and remediation of these pressing concerns. TO do this we must pinpoint the activating f6rces and conditions that provoke and maintain interpersonal hatred and violence. Incidence It is estimated that at least one and a half million
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