DOCSLIB.ORG

Marketing Fragment 6 X 11.T65

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Marketing Fragment 6 X 11.T65 Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88540-9 - Calendrical Calculations, Third Edition Nachum Dershowitz and Edward M. Reingold Index More information First page of the index to Joseph Scaliger’s De Emendatione Temporum (Frankfort edition, 1593). (Courtesy of the University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.) © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88540-9 - Calendrical Calculations, Third Edition Nachum Dershowitz and Edward M. Reingold Index More information Index . there will be few who will consider the industry, labor, vigils which we have bestowed upon [the index], or the profit and utility that may be gathered from our labors. For it is the equivalent of a whole book. —Joseph Scaliger: Letter to Isaac Casaubon (January 7, 1604) It requires more scholarship to make a good index than to write the book that is indexed. —George Foote Moore: Address at a reception of the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1925) Function and constant names are given in boldface, and page numbers for a function are of four types: The page with the function definition is shown in boldface. The page with the type description is shown underlined. The page with the corresponding Lisp code is shown in italics. Pages of other occurrences are given in roman. Names of people are indexed according to the guidelines of The Chicago Manual of Style: The Essential Guide for Writers, Editors, and Publishers, 14th ed., The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1993. Symbols <= (Lisp relation), 361 (list construction), 22 = (Lisp relation), 361 [](list element selection), 22 > (Lisp relation), 361 (ceiling function), xvi, 17 >= (Lisp relation), 361 (floor function), xvi, 17 1+ (Lisp function), 362 π (pi), xvi 1- (Lisp function), 362 ||(absolute value function), xvi A || (list concatenation), 22 a.d. (= ante diem), 67 (summation operator), xvi, 20 Abdali, S. Kamal, 214, 331 * (Lisp function), 361 Abdollahy, Reza, 222 + (Lisp function), 361 Aberration, 189 - (Lisp function), 361 aberration, 189, 189, 342, 400 / (Lisp function), 361 Abraham ben David, 441 /= (Lisp relation), 361 Absolute value function (||), xvi < (Lisp relation), 361 Abu’l-Faraj, Gregory (= Bar Hebræus), 85 449 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88540-9 - Calendrical Calculations, Third Edition Nachum Dershowitz and Edward M. Reingold Index More information 450 Index AccessR ,79 representation, 24 A.D. (= Anno Domini), 10 solar depression, 212 Adam, 92 Annunciation (Orthodox holiday), 71 Adams, John Quincy, 239 Anomaly, 282, 283, 285 adar, 91, 91, 98, 107, 110, 356, 379 lunar, 199, 317 Adar (Hebrew month), 90, 91, 103, 106–108 solar, 199, 317 adarii, 91, 91, 98, 107, 356, 379 A.P. (= Anno Persico or Anno Persarum), 217 Adhika month (Hindu calendar), see Leap Apogee, 283, 317 months, Hindu apparent-from-local, 184, 184, 326, 342, Adjusted remainder function ( amod ), xvi, 397 19 approx-moment-of-depression, 208, 208, advent, 59, 59, 342, 372 209, 342, 408 Advent Sunday (Christian holiday), 59, 121 april, 48, 48, 115, 117, 270, 356, 368 Afghan Calendar, 217 Arabian Peninsula, 236 Africa, 5 Arc of light, 326 Afzal, Omar, 331 arccos-degrees, 342, 395 Age arcsin-degrees, 342, 395 Chinese, 266–267 arctan, 173, 186, 192, 213 Japanese, 269 arctan-degrees, 173, 342, 395 A.H. (= Anno Hegiræ), 84 Ari the Learned, 80 Ahargan.a (Hindu calendar), 124 Aries (constellation), 127, 186 Ahmad, Imad ad-Dean, 331 first point of, 174, 185, 186 Akrami, Mus¯ a,¯ 214 arithmetic-french-from-fixed, 243, 243, Al-Azhar University, 328 342, 417 Alaska, 47 arithmetic-french-leap-year?, 243, 243, Albumazar, see Falaki, Abu-Ma’shar al- 342, 416 Alexandria (Egypt), Church of, 113 arithmetic-persian-from-fixed, 224, 224, Ali, H. Amir, 282 342, 412 Ali-Ahyaie, Masahallah, 219 arithmetic-persian-leap-year?, 222, 222, Almagest, 25, 92, 282 342, 412 alt-fixed-from-gregorian, 54, 54–56, 65, arithmetic-persian-year-from-fixed, 224, 342, 370 224, 342, 412 alt-gregorian-from-fixed, 55, 55, 65, 342, Arithmetical calendars, 45–169, 221–225, 370 231–233, 242–244 alt-gregorian-year-from-fixed, 56, 56, 342, Armenian calendar, 5–6, 11, 25–26 370 days, 5 alt-hindu-sunrise, 298, 298, 301–303, 342, epagomenæ,26 429 epoch, 15, 25 alt-orthodox-easter, 116,116,342, 385 Lisp code, 366–367 A.M. months, 26 Anno Martyrum, 74 sample dates, 441 Anno Mundi, 91 armenian-date, 342, 366 a.m. (= ante meridiem), xv armenian-epoch, 25, 25, 26, 356, 366 amod, 342, 363 armenian-from-fixed, 26, 26, 342, 367 Amod function, see Adjusted remainder Arouet, Franc¸ois Marie (= Voltaire), 48 function arya-jovian-period, 125, 125, 126, 356, 386 Andhra Pradesh (India), 274 arya-lunar-day, 129, 129, 133, 134, 356, Anggara Kasih (Balinese holiday), 160 387 angle, 342, 396 arya-lunar-month, 129, 129, 131–134, 356, angle-from-degrees, 24, 24, 342, 366 387 Angles Arya-Siddh¯ anta¯ (First), 126 function definition function type Lisp code © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88540-9 - Calendrical Calculations, Third Edition Nachum Dershowitz and Edward M. Reingold Index More information Index 451 arya-solar-month, 126, 126–129, 131–134, Ayyappa Jyothi Darshanam (Hindu holiday), 356, 386 304 arya-solar-year, 125, 125–127, 131–133, Aztec calendar, 11, 29, 30, 138, 145–150, 479 356, 386 Lisp code, 390–392 Aryabhat¯ .a, 126 nemontemi, 146 Ascension Day (Christian holiday), 119 sample dates, 441 Ascension of ‘Abdu’l-Baha¯ (Bahá’í holiday), tonalpohualli, 145, 148–149 236 xihuitl, 145–147 Ascension of the Baha’u’ll¯ ah¯ (Bahá’í xiuhmolpilli, 149 holiday), 236 aztec-correlation, 146, 146–148, 356, 390 Ascensional difference, 293 aztec-tonalpohualli-correlation, 148, Ash Wednesday (Christian fast), 59, 119, 121 148–150, 356, 391 ‘Ashur¯ a’¯ (Islamic holiday), 87 aztec-tonalpohualli-date, 148, 343, 391 Aslaksen, Helmer, xxv, 265, 272 aztec-tonalpohualli-from-fixed, 148, 148, asr, 213, 213, 342, 410 149, 343, 391 Asr (Moslem prayer time), 213 aztec-tonalpohualli-name, 148, 343, 391 Assumption (Christian holiday), 59 aztec-tonalpohualli-number, 148, 343, 391 astro-hindu-calendar-year, 300, 300, 302, aztec-tonalpohualli-on-or-before, 149, 149, 342, 430 343, 391 astro-hindu-lunar-from-fixed, 301,301, aztec-tonalpohualli-ordinal, 148, 148–150, 303, 342, 431 343, 391 astro-hindu-solar-from-fixed, 300, 300, aztec-xihuitl-correlation, 147, 147, 150, 342, 430 356, 390 astro-hindu-sunset, 300, 300, 301, 342, 430 aztec-xihuitl-date, 147, 149, 343, 390 astro-lunar-day-from-moment, 301, aztec-xihuitl-day, 147, 343, 390 301–303, 342, 431 aztec-xihuitl-from-fixed, 147, 147, 149, 343, Astronomical calendars, 170–332 390 Astronomical day numbers, see Julian day aztec-xihuitl-month, 147, 149, 343, 390 numbers aztec-xihuitl-on-or-before, 147, 147, 149, Astronomical lunar calendars, 332 343, 391 classical Hebrew, 329–331 aztec-xihuitl-ordinal, 146, 146, 147, 150, Lisp code, 437–439 343, 390 observational Islamic, 328–329 aztec-xihuitl-tonalpohualli-on-or-before, astronomical-easter, 325, 325, 342, 438 149, 149, 343, 392 Astronomy, 171–213, 281–287 aztec-xiuhmolpilli-designation, 343, 391 Hindu, 281–287 aztec-xiuhmolpilli-from-fixed, 149, 149, Asura Maya, 275 343, 391 A.U.C. (= Ab Urbe Condita), 46, 69 aztec-xiuhmolpilli-name, 343, 391 auc-year-from-julian-year, 70, 70, 343, 373 aztec-xiuhmolpilli-number, 343, 391 Audette, Rodolphe, xxv august, 48, 48, 74, 76, 146, 270, 356, 368 B Augustine, Saint (= Aurelius Augustinus), Bab¯ (= Mirza¯ Ali Muhammad), 228, 229 174 Babylonian calendar, 6 autumn, 191,191,241,356, 400 Bach, Henri, 479 av, 90, 90, 104, 356, 379 Bahá’í calendar, 6, 11, 182, 229–237 Avanes, Armond, xxv days, 4, 13 Aveni, Anthony F., 150 epoch, 15 Avron, Haim, xxv future, 187, 192, 193, 218, 229, ayanamsha, 299, 299, 343, 430 236–237 ayyam-i-ha, 231, 231, 233, 235, 236, 356, holidays, 236–237 413 implementation, 231–233 function definition function type Lisp code © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88540-9 - Calendrical Calculations, Third Edition Nachum Dershowitz and Edward M. Reingold Index More information 452 Index leap-year rule, 229 bali-sangawara-from-fixed, 155, 158, 158, Lisp code, 413–415 344, 393 months, 230 bali-saptawara, 159, 344, 392 Near Eastern, 236–237 bali-saptawara-from-fixed, 155, 155, 157, New Year, 236, 237 344, 393 sample dates, 441 bali-triwara,344, 392 structure, 229–231 bali-triwara-from-fixed, 155, 155, 344, 393 weekdays, 229 bali-week-from-fixed, 157,157,344, 394 Western, 231–233 Balinese Pawukon calendar, 5, 11, 28, 29, Bahá’í New Year, see Feast of Naw-Ruz¯ 153–161 bahai-cycle, 343, 413 holidays, 155, 159–161 bahai-date, 343, 413 Lisp code, 392–394 bahai-day, 343, 413 sample dates, 441 bahai-epoch, 231, 231, 232, 235, 237, 356, balinese-date,344, 392 413 Balkh (Iran), 216 bahai-from-fixed, 232, 232, 343, 414 Ball, John A., 60 bahai-major, 343, 413 Banaras, see Var¯ an¯ asi¯ bahai-month, 343, 413 Bangladesh, 328 bahai-new-year, 236, 236, 343, 415 Bar Hebræus, see Abu’l-Faraj, Gregory bahai-year,344, 413 Bar mitzvah (Jewish event), 105 Baha’u’ll¯ ah¯ (= MirzaH¯ . oseyn Ali Nuri),¯ 229 Bar, Kfir, xxv Bahula, see Month, dark fortnight Bargeloní, Abraham bar H. iyya al- (= Bali, 5, 152, 153 Savasorda), 89, 92, 111 bali-asatawara,344, 392 Bat mitzvah (Jewish event), 105 bali-asatawara-from-fixed, 155, 158, 158, B.C. (= Before Christ), 14 344, 393 B.C.E. (= Before the Common Era), 14 bali-caturwara,344, 392 bce,344, 372 bali-caturwara-from-fixed, 155, 158, 158, B.E. (= Bahá’í Era),
Load more

Recommended publications
  • In the Name of Krishna: the Cultural Landscape of a North Indian Pilgrimage Town
    In the Name of Krishna: The Cultural Landscape of a North Indian Pilgrimage Town A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Sugata Ray IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Frederick M. Asher, Advisor April 2012 © Sugata Ray 2012 Acknowledgements They say writing a dissertation is a lonely and arduous task. But, I am fortunate to have found friends, colleagues, and mentors who have inspired me to make this laborious task far from arduous. It was Frederick M. Asher, my advisor, who inspired me to turn to places where art historians do not usually venture. The temple city of Khajuraho is not just the exquisite 11th-century temples at the site. Rather, the 11th-century temples are part of a larger visuality that extends to contemporary civic monuments in the city center, Rick suggested in the first class that I took with him. I learnt to move across time and space. To understand modern Vrindavan, one would have to look at its Mughal past; to understand temple architecture, one would have to look for rebellions in the colonial archive. Catherine B. Asher gave me the gift of the Mughal world – a world that I only barely knew before I met her. Today, I speak of the Islamicate world of colonial Vrindavan. Cathy walked me through Mughal mosques, tombs, and gardens on many cold wintry days in Minneapolis and on a hot summer day in Sasaram, Bihar. The Islamicate Krishna in my dissertation thus came into being.
    [Show full text]
  • Now Or Never": Collecting, Documenting, and Photographing World War I in the Middle East
    Deep Blue Deep Blue https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/documents Research Collections Library (University of Michigan Library) 2015 "Now or Never": Collecting, Documenting, and Photographing World War I in the Middle East Babayan, Kathryn https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/120267 Downloaded from Deep Blue, University of Michigan's institutional repository “ Now or Never ” Collecting, Documenting, and Photographing World War I in the Middle East 14 January – 24 April 2015 Audubon Room University of Michigan Library Ann Arbor, Michigan © 2014 University of Michigan Library (Special Collections Library) All rights reserved This exhibit was curated by Kathryn Babayan and Melanie Tanielian of the Armenian Studies Program. They thank the ASP, Naira Tumanyan, and Michael Pifer as well as the following, all for their help in making this exhibit possible: University of Michigan Library: Pablo Alvarez, Cathleen Baker, Halaina Demba, Tom Hogarth, and Sanam Arab (N. Lobby Cases); Bentley Historical Library: Malgorzata Myc; Kelsey Museum of Archaeology: Sebastian Encina; and Clark Library: Tim Utter. “ Now or Never ” Collecting, Documenting, and Photographing World War I in the Middle East World War I in the Middle East was a humanitarian disaster of unprecedented scale. Between 1914 and 1918, over 2.5 million civilians lost their lives on the battlefields or to hunger and disease. From among those, over one million Armenians were targets of a systematic genocidal campaign organized by the Ottoman state. It was in the aftermath of this catastrophe that University of Michigan Professor of Archaeology Francis Willey Kelsey (1858–1927) and U-M staff photographer George Robert Swain (1866–1947) em-barked on an expedition to the region, the purpose of which was to collect ancient Christian manuscripts destined to disappear in the postwar chaos.
    [Show full text]
  • Calendrical Calculations: the Millennium Edition Edward M
    Errata and Notes for Calendrical Calculations: The Millennium Edition Edward M. Reingold and Nachum Dershowitz Cambridge University Press, 2001 4:45pm, December 7, 2006 Do I contradict myself ? Very well then I contradict myself. (I am large, I contain multitudes.) —Walt Whitman: Song of Myself All those complaints that they mutter about. are on account of many places I have corrected. The Creator knows that in most cases I was misled by following. others whom I will spare the embarrassment of mention. But even were I at fault, I do not claim that I reached my ultimate perfection from the outset, nor that I never erred. Just the opposite, I always retract anything the contrary of which becomes clear to me, whether in my writings or my nature. —Maimonides: Letter to his student Joseph ben Yehuda (circa 1190), Iggerot HaRambam, I. Shilat, Maaliyot, Maaleh Adumim, 1987, volume 1, page 295 [in Judeo-Arabic] If you find errors not given below or can suggest improvements to the book, please send us the details (email to [email protected] or hard copy to Edward M. Reingold, Department of Computer Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 West 31st Street, Suite 236, Chicago, IL 60616-3729 U.S.A.). If you have occasion to refer to errors below in corresponding with the authors, please refer to the item by page and line numbers in the book, not by item number. Unless otherwise indicated, line counts used in describing the errata are positive counting down from the first line of text on the page, excluding the header, and negative counting up from the last line of text on the page including footnote lines.
    [Show full text]
  • NEWSLETTER of the Dowsing Society of Victoria Inc
    NEWSLETTER of the Dowsing Society of Victoria Inc. No. 54 April 2009 PO Box 2635, Mount Waverley, Victoria, 3149 Web address: www.dsv.org.au Registration: A0035189A DSV philosophy: Through awakening consciousness, we are empowered with knowledge and skills to unconditionally serve others. NEXT MEETING I believe compassion and strengthened Sunday, 26th April, 2009 community ties are two things we can look forward to with the new emerging energies. PRESIDENT’S REPORT Please continue to send healing to the Earth as a whole. We have relied on her for so much, After a very hot, dry summer and a truly without considering the consequences. I’m sure horrible February, the arrival of autumn is very that transmuting negative energies, using welcome. Some have attributed the bushfires, environmentally-friendly products, recycling, and the strong winds and earth tremors in Victoria - projecting positive thoughts all help. plus the floods and hurricane in Queensland - to the Earth’s cleansing. I’m pleased to report that our visit to Hanging Rock was successful, with 30 people attending One positive outcome from the fires has been on 29th March – the most we’ve ever had for a the compassion extended. In spite of all the DSV field trip. It was a good dowsing experience. people and animals that perished and the hundreds who lost homes and businesses, a For our next meeting, our AGM, Dennis Toop strong sense of community has developed. from South Australia will speak to us about his experiences with property dowsing and There’s also been overwhelming generosity transmuting negative energies.
    [Show full text]
  • Northwestern University “Mise En Vie” and Intra-Culturalism: Performing
    Northwestern University “Mise en vie ” and Intra-culturalism: Performing the Life of Black Migrants to Italy A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS For the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Field of Performance Studies By Raffaele Furno Evanston, Illinois December 2008 2 ABSTRACT “Mise en vie ” and Intra-culturalism: Performing the Life of Black Migrants to Italy Raffaele Furno The dissertation aims to explore the intersection between the artistic performance of blackness in contemporary Italian theater and the country’s social stigmatization of black immigrants as a problem or national emergency. I argue that Italians live in a state of “historic forgetfulness” since they have not been able to absorb the racist discourse strongly implemented during the fascist regime. Tracing “historic forgetfulness” as an implicit ideology within contemporary restrictive immigration laws, and in the mass media focus on the illegal aspects of the migratory phenomenon, I use performance as a methodology and category to analyze the world and individuate viable alternatives to Italy’s (un)welcoming reaction to African immigrants. Through archival research, interviews and participant observation, I follow the work of the Afro-Romagnole ensemble Teatro delle Albe. The Albe perceives theater as a tool to show the richness and endless possibilities contained in religious, linguistic, and cultural differences. The group’s productions raise doubts on any dichotomous separation between right and wrong, legal and illegal, white and black. Working on the specificity of each individual, the Albe brings ethnic background to what it should be: one element of the far more complicated personal identity that encompass gender, sexuality, education, personal experiences, emotions, aspirations, and more.
    [Show full text]
  • TI Journals Template
    University College of Takestan Available online at http://UCTjournals.com Iranian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research UCT . J. Soc. Scien. Human. Resear.(UJSSHR) Volume 3,Issue2 185-198 (2015) ISSN:2382-9753 X Armenian Myths and Legends and their Impact on Armenian Beliefs and Literature Giti Faraji*1 and Ali Mohammad Poshtdar2 1PhD Student in Comparative Literature, Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia. 2Department of Persian Language and Literature, Payame Noor University (PNU). ABSTRACT Original Article: Remnants and light sediments and reflections of the beliefs of Animistic and Totemistic ideological systems that have been dominant among clans and tribes residing in Armenian lands during very distant periods, that is Palaeolithic periods are still recognizable in some life habits and behaviours, Received 20 Mar. 2015 social norms, popular beliefs, various folkloric fields, tales, mythological narratives, customs and Accepted 22 June. 2015 traditions, folk songs, and proverbs of contemporary Armenian people. Published 30 July. 2015 This paper through studying beliefs and legends of Armenian people tries to prove their relationship with folkloric literature. Keywords: Legends, Old Beliefs, Armenian Nation, Folk Literature, Myth phenomena and inanimate objects like stone, wood, etc. Introduction and the secret relations between animals and their Ancient Armenian beliefs, religion, worships, and temples, a incarnation associations with each other, which all for very complex and incompatible system in various stages of their part impacted the beliefs of humans of those progress and development, are historical fruit of the periods through a series of magical actions. Beliefs formation of Armenian nation. This period, as a period of regarding mountains, boulders, trees, waters, fire, sky, spreading worshiping fire and fire temples all over and luminous objects (stars, meteors, planets), Armenian territory, lasted approximately 600 years and visualizations and imaginations about weather events, continued up until fifth century AD.
    [Show full text]
  • Dan-Gun Dan-Gun Is Named After the Holy Dan-Gun, the Legendary Founder of Korea in the Year of 2333 B.C
    Dan-Gun Dan-Gun is named after the holy Dan-Gun, the legendary founder of Korea in the year of 2333 B.C. The history of the Dan-Gun Dangun Wanggeom was the legendary founder of Gojoseon, the first kingdom of Korea, in present-day Liaoning, Manchuria, and the Korean Peninsula. He is said to be the grandson of the god of heaven, and to have founded the kingdom in 2333 BC. Although the term Dangun commonly refers to the founder, some believe it was a title used by all rulers of Gojoseon, and that Wanggeom was the proper name of the founder. Dangun’s ancestry begins with his grandfather Hwanin, the “Lord of Heaven” (a name which also appears in Indian Buddhist texts). Hwanin had a son Hwanung who yearned to live on the earth among the valleys and the mountains. Hwanin permitted Hwanung and 3000 followers to descend onto Baekdu Mountain, then called Taebaek Mountain, where Hwanung founded Sinsi (“City of God”). Along with his ministers of clouds, rain, and wind, he instituted laws and moral codes and taught humans various arts, medicine, and agriculture. One day both a bear and a tiger came to Hwanung’s residence in prayer and asked to be transformed into humans. The god agreed to this gift but on the condition that they remain out of the sun for 100 days and eat only a sacred bunch of mug- worts and 20 garlic cloves. To this the animals agreed and followed his advice. The tiger was unable to keep up with the conditions, but the bear – a female called Ung- nyo – after only 21 days was transformed into a woman.
    [Show full text]
  • 8-16 Rorient 68 Z.2-15.Indd
    ROCZNIK ORIENTALISTYCZNY, T. LXVIII, Z. 2, 2015, (s. 180–205) KRISZTINA TELEKI Introduction to the Tibetan and Mongolian Inventories of Urga’s Temples Abstract In the present article are listed forty eight Mongolian and twenty one Tibetan inventories which are kept in the collections of the National Library and the National Archives of Mongolia. The inventories written in the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century give an account of the sacred objects of about thirty temples of Urga, the monastic capital city of Mongolia which existed until 1938. The author made an attempt to reveal the history and describe the general features of the inventories as well as to indicate their differences from the Tibetan dkar chag texts. It has appeared that from time to time the inventories were subject to revision and update, and the most prominent temples possessed both the Mongolian and Tibetan inventories. However, many questions regarding the authors and original location of the inventories remain still unanswered. Keywords: Mongolian inventories, Buddhism, monasteries, Buddhist temples, Buddhist arts, Ulan Bator, Urga When studying the religious life and special characteristics of a monastery, the research of its objects of worship has great significance. Since its first foundation in 1639, Urga or Örgöö, also known as Ikh Khüree, Daa Khüree, Ariin Khüree, Niislel Khüree, and Bogdiin Khüree, had been one of the main centres of Mongolian Buddhism being the residence of Öndör Gegeen Zanabazar (1635–1723) and his reincarnations, the lineage of the Bogd gegeens or Javzandamba khutagts (Tib. rje btsun dam pa).1 This monastic town became the official capital city of Mongolia in 1912 called Niislel Khüree, and existed until 1938 when it was almost completely demolished to give space to new buildings of Ulaanbaatar, now the capital of a state with a Soviet type non-religious ideology.
    [Show full text]
  • The Calendars of India
    The Calendars of India By Vinod K. Mishra, Ph.D. 1 Preface. 4 1. Introduction 5 2. Basic Astronomy behind the Calendars 8 2.1 Different Kinds of Days 8 2.2 Different Kinds of Months 9 2.2.1 Synodic Month 9 2.2.2 Sidereal Month 11 2.2.3 Anomalistic Month 12 2.2.4 Draconic Month 13 2.2.5 Tropical Month 15 2.2.6 Other Lunar Periodicities 15 2.3 Different Kinds of Years 16 2.3.1 Lunar Year 17 2.3.2 Tropical Year 18 2.3.3 Siderial Year 19 2.3.4 Anomalistic Year 19 2.4 Precession of Equinoxes 19 2.5 Nutation 21 2.6 Planetary Motions 22 3. Types of Calendars 22 3.1 Lunar Calendar: Structure 23 3.2 Lunar Calendar: Example 24 3.3 Solar Calendar: Structure 26 3.4 Solar Calendar: Examples 27 3.4.1 Julian Calendar 27 3.4.2 Gregorian Calendar 28 3.4.3 Pre-Islamic Egyptian Calendar 30 3.4.4 Iranian Calendar 31 3.5 Lunisolar calendars: Structure 32 3.5.1 Method of Cycles 32 3.5.2 Improvements over Metonic Cycle 34 3.5.3 A Mathematical Model for Intercalation 34 3.5.3 Intercalation in India 35 3.6 Lunisolar Calendars: Examples 36 3.6.1 Chinese Lunisolar Year 36 3.6.2 Pre-Christian Greek Lunisolar Year 37 3.6.3 Jewish Lunisolar Year 38 3.7 Non-Astronomical Calendars 38 4. Indian Calendars 42 4.1 Traditional (Siderial Solar) 42 4.2 National Reformed (Tropical Solar) 49 4.3 The Nānakshāhī Calendar (Tropical Solar) 51 4.5 Traditional Lunisolar Year 52 4.5 Traditional Lunisolar Year (vaisnava) 58 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Title (Use Style: Paper Title)
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 284 2nd International Conference on Art Studies: Science, Experience, Education (ICASSEE 2018) Armenian Manuscripts of the Crimea in Collections of Moscow* Mikayel Arakelyan The Four Rivers Fund of Oriental Christian Studies Development Moscow, Russia E-mail: [email protected] Abstract — The scientific article presents studies of three results of the study in two/three separate scholarly works in Armenian manuscripts of the 17th–19th centuries. These are the near future. Following this principle, we decided now to Collection of Liturgical Texts, Hmayil and Herbal Treatment focus the reader on the study in three manuscripts recently Guide (Treatment Book), originating from the scriptoria of the found in the collections of Moscow such as the Russian State Crimean peninsula (Bakhchisaray, Kafa and Karasu-bazar). Archive of Ancient Acts (RSAAA) and the Manuscripts‘ Manuscripts are kept in two significant collections in Moscow: Division of the Russian State Library (RSL). These the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts and the Russian manuscripts are originated from the Crimean peninsula, State Library. A brief codicological characteristic for each however, they differ from each other are in their features and manuscript is given. It is also presented art-historical, content. These are the following codices: Collection of iconography, paleographic analysis of the miniatures and - colophons that allows the scholars to get acquainted with the Liturgical Texts of 1668 1669 created in Bakhchisaray results of a comprehensive study of the manuscripts’ heritage (RSAAA f. 181, No. 1269), Hmayil of 1774 occurred from of the Crimean Armenians of the New Middle Ages.
    [Show full text]
  • A/W/Visual A/W 4
    We know what we need South Asian women speak out on climate change adaptation Acknowledgements This report was written by Tom Mitchell, Thomas Tanner and Kattie Lussier (Institute of Development Studies (IDS) at the University of Sussex, UK). Many thanks are due to numerous people who helped with field work, advised on the analysis or commented on drafts, including: Bangladesh: Wahida Bashar Ahmed, Naureen Fatema, Ferhana Ferdous and ActionAid Bangladesh team India: Neha Aishwarya, , Sharad Kumari, Mona, Raman Mehta and Jyoti Prasad and ActionAid India team Nepal: Ambika Amatya, Dhruba Gautam, Rajesh Hamal, Shyam Jnavaly, Amrita Sharma and ActionAid Nepal team Ennie Chipembere, Tony Durham, Sarah Gillam, Anne Jellema, Marion Khamis, Akanksha Marphatia, Yasmin McDonnell, Colm O’Cuanachain, Shashanka Saadi, Ilana Solomon, Tom Sharman, Harjeet Singh, Annie Street and Roger Yates Khurshid Alam (consultant) Most importantly, special thanks go to This report was edited by Angela Burton, Marion Khamis the many women who contributed and and Stephanie Ross and designed by Sandra Clarke. participated in the research from the Photographers: Pabna and Faridpur districts in Bangladesh, Bangladesh: Emdadul Islam Bitu the Muzaffarpur district in India and India: Sanjit Das the Banke and Bardiya districts in Nepal. Nepal: Binod Timilsena Front cover photograph: Sanjit Das / ActionAid November 2007 Contents Executive summary 4 1 Introduction 6 2 The rationale: women and climate change adaptation in the Ganga river basin 10 3 The evidence: women’s livelihood adaptation priorities 14 4 The policy gap: women’s rights in adaptation financing 17 5 The lessons: recommendations for adaptation finance 20 Notes 22 Sanjit Das / ActionAid page 3 Executive summary I am 60 years old and I have never experienced so much flooding, droughts, hot winds and hailstones as in recent years… “I am surprised how often we have these problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Mongolian European Chamber Of
    MONGOL Since 1991 the MESSENGER 500 ¥ No. 07-08 (1076-1077) MONGOLIA’S FIRST ENGLISH WEEKLY PUBLISHED BY MONTSAME NEWS AGENCY Friday, February 17, 2012 Mongolia Economic Happy Tsagaan Sar! Forum planned for early March The Mongolian Economic Forum 2012 will run on March 5-6. At a February 10 press conference, organizers of the forum reported about the preparations and measures for the forum. As of information given by MP S. Oyun; Deputy Finance Minister Ch.Gankhuyag; Ch.Khashchuluun, head of the National Development and Innovation Committee; and P.Tsagaan, senior advisor to the President, the forum that is to be organized for the third time, will run this year under the motto ‘Together for Development’. The forum will have sub-meetings under themes on economic development, social policy and competitiveness, and bring together over 1000 foreign and domestic participants. During the forum, it is planned to publicly introduce Mongolia’s development forum until 2021 issued by Open Society. MP S. Oyun said, “In reality, why isn’t poverty decreasing while the economy has grown over the past five or six years. We believe that issues on how to decrease poverty and what should be done for the fruits of economic growth to improve livelihoods will develop into hot discussions during the forum. For instance, the statistical figures on poverty percentages are very confusing. The National Statistical Committee evaluates the poverty rate at 39 percent while the World Bank says it is lower using a different methodology to evaluate poverty. Therefore,
    [Show full text]