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Economic and Social Council 70+6'& ' 0#6+105 'EQPQOKECP5QEKCN Distr. %QWPEKN GENERAL E/1990/5/Add.52 14 April 2003 Original: ENGLISH Substantive session of 2003 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS Initial reports submitted by States parties under articles 16 and 17 of the Covenant Addendum REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA* [28 February 2003] * The information submitted by Moldova in accordance with the guidelines concerning the initial part of reports of States parties is contained in the core document (HRI/CORE/1/Add.114). The annexes referred to in the report are available for consultation with the secretariat. GE.03-41192 (E) 050803 E/1990/5/Add.52 page 2 CONTENTS Paragraphs Page I. GENERAL DATA ....................................................................... 1 - 5 5 II. POLITICAL STRUCTURE AND GENERAL LEGISLATIVE SYSTEM FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS ....................................... 6 - 60 9 A. Brief history. General presentation ................................. 6 - 49 9 B. Information and publicity ................................................ 50 - 60 16 III. IMPLEMENTATION OF SPECIFIC ARTICLES OF THE COVENANT ................................................................. 61 - 626 18 Article 1 ....................................................................................... 61 - 104 18 Article 2 ....................................................................................... 105 - 133 26 Article 3 ....................................................................................... 134 - 151 34 Article 4 ....................................................................................... 152 - 154 38 Article 5 ....................................................................................... 155 - 158 38 Article 6 ....................................................................................... 159 - 185 39 Article 7 ....................................................................................... 186 - 202 47 Article 8 ....................................................................................... 203 - 212 52 Article 9 ....................................................................................... 213 - 402 55 Article 10 ..................................................................................... 403 - 466 127 Article 11 ..................................................................................... 467 - 500 143 Article 12 ..................................................................................... 501 - 528 152 Article 13 ..................................................................................... 529 - 591 158 Article 14 ..................................................................................... 592 174 Article 15 ..................................................................................... 593 - 627 174 E/1990/5/Add.52 page 3 List of tables 1. Urban population and population increase 2. Human development indicators 3. Human development - general data 4. Demographic profile 5. Human development indicators 6. Main demographic indicators 7. The main indicators of natural resource development and environmental protection for 1999 8. The main indicators of social development 9. Vacancies registered at Labour Exchanges, January-September 2000 10. Dynamics of unemployment in the Republic of Moldova, 1991-2000. Social protection measures undertaken 11. Redistribution of the labour force by sectors of the economy 12. The structure of employment in the Republic of Moldova, 1995-1999 13. Salary scales 14. Data on minimum salary evolution in relation to the minimum consumption budget 15. Remuneration of personnel according to the form of property ownership 16. Evolution of the average monthly salary for 1994-1996 17. The number of victims of work-related accidents, 1995-1996 18. Retirement age, 1999-2008 19. Retirement age of mothers with five or more children 20. Retirement age for persons working in very dangerous and difficult conditions 21. Contribution period required 22. Age of invalidity and contribution period 23. Insurance contribution rates (percentage of wages fund) E/1990/5/Add.52 page 4 24. Situation of pension security, 1992-2000 25. Beneficiaries of pensions and supplements 26. Ministry of Labour, Social and Family Protection 27. Programme of social protection of invalids 28. State programme for labour protection, 1996-1997 29. State programme for increasing labour protection, 1999-2001 30. Number of invalid children 31. Living standard indicators 32. Stillbirth and infant mortality rates in rural and urban areas 33. Population supplied with communal facilities 34. Percentage of children vaccinated 35. Medical insurance of children 36. The situation of pre-school education 37. State expenditure for education 38. Expenditure for children with mental and physical handicaps 39. Children and adolescents between 7 and 16 years old who were not in school at the beginning of the academic year 40. Extracurricular institutions for children (end of the year) 41. Distribution of schools and pupils by language of study E/1990/5/Add.52 page 5 I. GENERAL DATA 1. In accordance with the provisions of article 40 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and to the directives regarding the form and substance of States parties’ initial reports, the present combined report on the steps taken by the Republic of Moldova to implement the Convention and on the progress accomplished between 25 February 1993 and 1 January 2000 is submitted to the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. 2. The Republic of Moldova ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on 28 July 1990, through the Parliament’s Decision No. 217-XII, which came into force on 26 April 1993. 3. The following statistical data pertain to the Republic of Moldova: Official name of the country: Republic of Moldova; Geographic position: Republic of Moldova is situated in the south-east of Europe, between Romania and Ukraine, in the basin of the Prut and Nistru rivers; Area: 33,800 km2; Population: 4,264,000 (on 1 January 2001); Population density: 126 inhabitants/km2; Capital: &KLúLQX&LW\ DSSUR[LPDWHO\LQKDELWDQWVRQ-DQXDU\ National day: Independence Day (27 August); The State flag: three vertical, equal stripes: red, yellow and blue, with the arms of the Republic of Moldova in the middle; Form of governance: Parliamentary Republic; National legislative body: a one-chamber Parliament, composed of 101 members, directly elected through proportional representation; Head of State: President; Administrative divisions: 10 counties, 1 Administrative Territorial Unit, 15 municipalities, 43 towns, 663 communes and 1,679 localities; Date of admission to the United Nations: 2 March 1992; Distribution of the population: Urban Area 45 per cent Rural Area 55 per cent E/1990/5/Add.52 page 6 Table 1 Urban population and population increase Urban population (% of the total) Population increase rate (%) 1960 1997 2000 1960-1997 1997-2000 23 46 46 2.95 -0.35 External debt: US$ 1.3 billion in 1998. External debt administered by the Government on 1 April 2000 was US$ 749.9 million; In 1999 GDP was 12,322 million Moldavan lei, constituting approximately 96.6 per cent (in comparative prices) of GDP for 1998; The unemployment rate was 7.3 per cent in 2000 according to the classification of the International Labour Organization (ILO). The economically active population constituted 46.1 per cent of the country’s total population. The employed population constituted 41.0 per cent of the total population and 54.5 per cent of the population over the age of 15. On 1 January 2000, 34,900 persons were officially registered as unemployed, 187,000 according to the ILO classification; Inflation rate: 18.4 per cent for 2000; Percentage of the population attending school: 71 per cent; Adult education rate: 96.4 per cent. Table 2 Human development indicators Life expectancy at birth (years), 1999 67.8 Adult literacy rate (%), 1998 96.4 Net enrolment for all levels of education (%), 1998 2 042 Education indicator, 1998 0.880 GDP indicator, 1998 0.507 Human Development Index, 1998 0.698 4. Human development indicators include three basic elements: longevity, education level and living standards. Longevity is measured by life expectancy at birth. Level of education is calculated as a combined arithmetical mean of the literacy rate of the population (with a two-thirds share) and net enrolment rate at all levels of education (with a one-third share). GDP/per capita, calculated to the parity of purchasing power in United States dollars is used as a measure of living standards. E/1990/5/Add.52 page 7 5. Each component of table 2 is compared to fixed maximum and minimum values established by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), as follows: 25 and 85 years for life expectancy at birth; 0 and 100 per cent for the literacy rate; 0 and 100 per cent for net enrolment at all levels of education; US$ 100 and $ 40,000 for GDP/per capita. For the first three components, the difference between the maximum and the minimum value results in an indicator as follows: Life expectancy at birth: (67.4 - 25)/(85 - 25) = 0.707 Literacy rate: (96.4 - 0.0)/(100.0 - 0.0) = 0.964 Net enrolment at all levels of education: (71.2 - 0.0)/(100.0 - 0.0) = 0.712 Education level, calculated from the two previous indices: (2 x 0.964 + 0.712)/3 = 0.880 GDP/per capita: (log2033 - log100)/(log40000 - log100) = 0.507 Human development index,
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