BMZ/Kfw DANIDA MENA Center for Renewable Energy and Energy
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1 BMZ/KfW DANIDA MENA Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Demand Study May 2, 2007 Dr. Burghard Claus & Wolfgang Mostert 2 Table of Contents Abbreviations...................................................................................................................................4 Introduction......................................................................................................................................5 Key Findings, Observations and Recommendations .......................................................................6 1 DEMAND FOR A REGIONAL CENTER AND FOR ACTIVITIES........................................8 1.1 Status Quo and Perspectives for RE & EE in MENA..........................................................8 1.1.1 Investments in RE for the national market, period 2006-2020....................................8 1.1.2 Potential Investments in RE 2006-2020 for power exports to EU.............................10 1.1.3 Market for EE 2006-2020 ..........................................................................................11 1.1.4 Total investment in EE and RE..................................................................................12 1.2 Status Quo of EE& RE Policies and Institutions ...............................................................14 1.2.1 Criteria for evaluation ................................................................................................14 1.2.2 Power sector structure, regulation and market rules..................................................14 1.2.3 Energy pricing policies, regulations and TA infrastructure.......................................15 1.2.4 TA, financial support and R&D policies ...................................................................17 1.3 Demand for and Supply of RE and EE Capacity Building in MENA ...............................19 1.3.1 Demand for capacity building....................................................................................19 1.3.2 Supply of capacity building in the MENA Countries................................................19 1.3.3 Key characteristics of capacity building in Denmark and Germany .........................21 1.4 Conclusions: Relevant Regional and North-South Collaboration .....................................23 2 REGIONAL ORGANISATIONS FOR RE & EE – LESSONS LEARNED............................25 2.1 How is “regional” defined by Institutions in MENA Countries? ......................................25 2.2 Experience with MENA Organisations..............................................................................25 2.3 EU-MENA Organisations..................................................................................................26 2.3.1 MEDENER ................................................................................................................26 2.3.2 MEDREC...................................................................................................................27 2.3.3 OME...........................................................................................................................28 2.3.4 UNEP-Risø.................................................................................................................29 2.4 Bilaterally and Multilaterally financed Regional Collaboration Programs .......................29 2.5 Conclusions concerning the Need for and the Form of a Regional Centre........................30 3 OPTIONS FOR CENTER STRUCTURE AND LOCATION..................................................32 3.1 Interpretation of “Regional Center” - NREA’s/WEC’s Concept.......................................32 3.2 What “Regional Activities” make Sense?..........................................................................34 3.2.1 Policy think tank ........................................................................................................34 3.2.2 Accredited center for certification .............................................................................35 3.3 Can an existing Regional Organisation host the RCREEE ?.............................................35 3.3.1 The MEDENER-Secretariat Option...........................................................................35 3.3.2 The MEDREC Option................................................................................................36 3.3.3 Conclusion .................................................................................................................37 3.4 Proposal for an Independent Center with Regional Focus.................................................37 3.4.1 The “SPRU” organization model for the think tank ..................................................37 3.4.2 Core Staff ...................................................................................................................37 3.4.3 Network of part-financed collaborating research partners.........................................38 3.4.4 Governance structure .................................................................................................38 3.4.5 Potential funding for the five years of operation .......................................................39 3.4.6 UNEP-Paris for fund administration and montoring?................................................40 3.5 Where should the Regional EE&RE Centre be located? ...................................................40 3 3.5.1 In which Country?......................................................................................................40 3.5.2 Which institution could host the center?....................................................................40 4 DRAFT TOR FOR FEASIBILITY STUDY .............................................................................42 ANNEXES.........................................................................................................................................45 Annex I: National Policies for RE and EE.....................................................................................45 4.1.1 Morocco .....................................................................................................................45 4.1.2 Tunisia........................................................................................................................53 4.1.3 Egypt ..........................................................................................................................59 4.1.4 Jordan.........................................................................................................................71 4.1.5 Algeria, Syria, Lebanon and Yemen..........................................................................78 4.1.6 The Gulf – Abu Dhabi ...............................................................................................81 Annex II: RE Courses in Germany and in Denmark .....................................................................83 II.1 Courses in Germany............................................................................................................83 II.2 RE & EE Courses and Areas of Comparative R&D Advantage in Denmark.....................85 Annex III: Literature ......................................................................................................................88 Annex IV: List of Persons met.......................................................................................................90 Annex V: TOR for the Mission......................................................................................................97 Table 1: Installed RE Capacity in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia 2006-2020 ................................8 Table 2: Energy Consumption and estimated RE Investments 2005-2020 .......................................10 Table 3: Breakdown of total Investment in RE 2006-2020 by Technology......................................10 Table 4: Anual Investments in EE 2007-2015...................................................................................12 Table 5: Estimated RE Market in Morocco 2012-2020.....................................................................49 Table 6: Estimated RE Market 2006-2020 in Tunisia .......................................................................56 Table 7: Estimated Market for RE from 2006 to 2020 in Egypt........................................................64 Table 8: Estimated Market for RE in Jordan 2006-2020...................................................................75 Table 9: EE Potential and required Investments in Jordan ................................................................75 4 Abbreviations ANME Agence Nationale pour la Maîtrise de l'Energie (Tunesia) ASRT Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (Egypt) CE Center of Excellence CEREEE MENA Centre of Excellence for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency CITET Centre International des Technologies de ‘Environnement de Tunis CSP Concentrated Solar Power EE Energy Efficiency EEHC Egyptian Electricity Holding Company ESCO Energy Service Company GNI Gross National Income IPP Independent Private Power ISE Frauenhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Freiburg, Germany GNESD Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development GUC German University in Cairo LRAC Long-run average cost LMRC Long Run Marginal Cost MoEE Ministry of Electricity and Energy MEDREC Mediterranean Renewable Energy Center MEDREP Mediterranean Renewable Energy Programme M million m3 cubic meter mtoe million tons oil equiavalent MENA Middle East &