HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – T 1 Preliminary Notes to This Document

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HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010)

Preliminary Notes to this Document:

I originally made this translation as part of an assignment for some MA coursework I did in 2010 as part of a directed reading course in Old Iranian. The Young Avestan text, as presented here, was taken from the Avesta corpus of the Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS: http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/iran/airan/avesta/avest.htm), and my grammatical parsing of it was in-part assisted by a set of unpublished notes on this text made by my then MA supervisor, Dr Selina Stewart, from a course she took in Old Iranian at Cornell University in 1987 (see bibliography). I long thought that I had lost the original MS Word document, but by fortunate chance happened to find a paper copy of the returned assignment, from which I managed to reconstitute the document. I’ve made no attempts to further revise the translation from the original 2010 document. There may be some errors of interpretation, however I have decided to upload this document to my academic website in the hopes that – in spite of the risk of remaining errors of translation and interpretation – others may yet profit from the work done here in their own private study of this text, either for studying Avestan for its own sake or from a comparative Indo-European perspective (and save yourself a bunch of work digging around in Bartholomae’s Altiranisches Wörterbuch, besides). If you use this for self-study and have any suggested corrections, feel free to email me at [email protected].

Works Cited:1

Bartholomae, C. 1961. [1904.] Altiranisches Wörterbuch. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. [References as Barth. (scil. s.v.)]

Humbach, H., Elfenbein, J. Skjærvø, P.O. 1991. The Gāthās of Zarathushtra and the other Old Avestan Texts. Heidelberg: Winter Verlag.

Jackson, A.V.H. 1968. [1892.] An Avesta Grammar in Comparison with Sanskrit. Darmstadt: Wissenschafttliche Buchgesellschaft Darmstadt. [References as J §xyz]

Skjærvø, P.O. 2003a. An Introduction to Young Avestan. Cambridge, MA: Self Published.

Skjærvø, P.O. 2003b. “Truth and Deception in Ancient Iran” In: F. Vajifadar & C. Cereti eds., Jamshid Soroush Soroushian Commemorative Volume, vol. II: Ātaš-e dorun – The Fire Within, 1st Books Library 383-434

Stewart, S. 1987. “Avestan” In: Lecture Notes to LING 702: Old Iranian. Unpublished mss.

Note on Abbreviations:

The abbreviations used in the grammatical parsing, I hope, are more or less obvious, e.g. N. = Nominative, A. = Accusative, L. = Locative, D. = Dative, sg. = singular, du. = dual, pl. = plural., m. = masculine, f. = feminine, etc. Once I have parsed a form for an earlier verse, this parsing is usually not repeated for later ones.

1 A full, revised bibliography of relevant literature to this text should be more extensive here, but alas, I am lazy.

1 HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010)

The Hōm-Yašt (Yasna 9)

Paragraph: 1

Verse: a hāuuanīm. ā. ratūm. ā. Verse: b haomō. upāit̰ . zaraϑuštrəm.:: Verse: c ātrəm. pairi.yaoždaϑəṇtəm. Verse: d †gāϑā̊ sca. srāuuaiiaṇtəm:: Verse: e ā. dim. pərəsat̰ . *zaraϑuštrō:: Verse: f kō. narə. ahī. Verse: g yim. azəm. vīspahe. aŋhə̄ uš. Verse: h astuuatō. sraēštəm. dādarəsa. Verse: i xVahe. gaiiehe. xVanuuatō. *aməṣ̌ahe.::

Verse: a At the time of the Haoma pressing, Verse: b Haoma approached Zarathustra Verse: c as he was placing the fire in its proper place Verse: d and singing the Gāthās. Verse: e Zarathustra asked him: Verse: f “Who are you, man? Verse: g (you) whom I have seen (being) Verse: h the most beautiful one of all this bony existence, Verse: i (and) of my sunny immortal life.” hāuuanīm: A.sg.m. ‘genius of the time of Haoma pressing’ ratūm: A.sg.m. ‘period of time’ < ratau- ā: ‘at’ (prep. w/ acc. temporal) haomō: N.sg.m. < haoma- ‘Haoma’ (cf. Skt. soma-) upāit̰ : upa + aē/i- ‘go over, approach’ 3sg.pres.act.pret. zaraϑuštrəm: A.sg.m. pr.n. ‘Zarathustra’ ātrəm: A.m.sg. ‘fire’ < ātar-/āθr- pairi.yaoždaϑəṇtəm: A.sg.m. ‘to place around where (it) belongs; ringsum in den gehörigen Stand setzen’ pairi.yaoždaϑəṇt- ā: ‘to, towards’ (prep. w/ acc.) dim: ‘him’ (encl.acc.pron.) pərəsat̰ : ‘ask’ 3sg.pres.pret. (cf. Skt. pṛcchati, Lat. prēcor; PIE *preḱ-) zaraϑuštrō: N.sg.m. pr.n. ‘Zarathustra’ kō: N.sg.m. interrog.pron. ‘who?’ narə: V.sg.m. ‘man’ < nar- (cf. Skt. nar-, Gk. ἀνήρ) ahī: 2sg.pres.act.ind. < √ah- ‘be’ < PIE *h₁es- ‘be’ yim: 3sg.acc.masc. rel.pron. < ya- (Skt. ya-, Gk. ὅς, PIE *yo-) azəm: 1sg.pron. ‘I’ (OPers. adam, Skt. aham, Lat. egō, Gk. ἐγώ, PIE *( h₁)eǵom) vīspahe: G.sg.m. pron.adj. ‘all’ (Skt. viśva-) aŋhə̄ uš: G.sg.m. ‘existence’ ahu- astuuatō: G.sg.m. ‘bony, having bones’ < astuuaṇt- sraēštəm: A.sg.m. ‘most beautiful’ (superl. srira-) dādarəsa: 3.sg.perf.act.ind. √dars- (PIE *derḱ-) xVahe: G.sg.refl.pron. < hauua- (Lat. suus) gaiiehe: G.sg.m. ‘life’ < gaiia- xVanuuatō: G.sg.m. ‘sunny’ xVanuuaṇt- aməṣ̌ahe: G.sg.m. ‘immortal, undying’ < aməṣ̌a-

2 HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010)

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Verse: a āat̰ . mē. aēm. paitiiaoxta. Verse: b haomō. aṣ̌auua. dūraoṣ̌ō:: Verse: c azəm. ahmi. zaraϑuštra. Verse: d haomō. aṣ̌auua. dūraoṣ̌ō:: Verse: e ā. mąm. yāsaŋVha. spitama. Verse: f frā. mąm. hunuuaŋVha. xVarətə̄ e. Verse: g aoi. mąm. staomaine. stūiδi. Verse: h yaϑa. mā. *aparacit̰ . saoš́iiaṇtō. stauuąn.::

Verse: a Then this one answered me, Verse: b Truthful Death-averting Haoma Verse: c “I am, O Zarathustra Verse: d Truthful Death-averting Haoma. Verse: e Entreat me, O Spitama! Verse: f Press me forth for consumption! Verse: g Praise me so as to praise, Verse: h Just as future revitalizers may praise me also.”

āat̰ : part. ‘(and) then’ mē: ‘me’ gen.-dat.1sg.pers.pron. aēm: N.sg.m. demons.pron. ‘this one’ (contr. *ai̯ əm, Skt. ayam, im-) paitiiaoxta: 3.sg.mid.pret. ‘replied’ < paiti w/ aox-/ux- ‘say’ aṣ̌auua: N.sg.m. ‘Truthful, Orderly’ < aṣ̌auuan-2 dūraoṣ̌ō: N.sg.m. ‘death-averting’3 mąm: A.1sg.pers.pron. ‘me’ yāsaŋVha: 2.sg.mid.imptv. < yāsa- ‘ask (a boon), entreat’ spitama: V.sg.m.adj. ‘Spitamid’ frā . . . hunuuaŋVha: 2.sg.mid.imptv. < frā.hunuua- ‘press forth’ xVarətə̄ e: dat.inf. xVar- ‘consume’ (purpose construction) aoi: prep. w/ acc. ‘to’ < aiβi (Skt. abhi, Gk. ἀµφί, PIE *h₂m̥ bʰi) staomaine: dat.inf. ‘to praise’ < staoma- stūiδi: 2sg.athem. imptv. ‘praise!’ (Skt. stu-dhi, Gk. στεύ-θι) yaϑa: conj. ‘as, like, when’ (Skt. yathā) mā: encl.1sg.acc.pron. ‘me’ (Skt. mā) aparacit̰ : apara-cit̰ ‘future’ N.m.pl. w/ cit̰ part. ‘also’ saoš́iiaṇtō: N.pl.m. ‘revitalizer, (successful sacrificer)’ stauuąn: 3pl.subj.act. < stao-/stu- ‘praise’

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Verse: a āat̰ . aoxta. zaraϑuštrō:: Verse: b *nəmō. haomāi.* Verse: c kasə. ϑβąm. paoiriiō. haoma. maš́iiō.

2 I conservatively translate aṣ̌a- and its derivatives as ‘Truth’ although I recognize the arguments put forth by Skjærvø (2003b:383-434) for the alternative translation as ‘Order’. 3 Humbach, Elfenbein, Skjærvø (1991:70) suggest *duž- aoša- ‘fire-resistant, incombustible’ > ‘death-resistant’ effectively meaning ‘immortal, providing immortality’ cf. YAv. anaoša ‘incombustible’ > ‘immortal’, NPers. nōš ‘drink of immortality’

3 HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010)

Verse: d astuuaiϑiiāi. hunūta. gaēϑiiāi:: Verse: e kā. ahmāi. aṣ̌iš. ərənāuui. Verse: f cit̰ . ahmāi. jasat̰ . āiiaptəm.::

Verse: a Then Zarathustra said: Verse: b “Reverence to Haoma! Verse: c Who was the first mortal, O Haoma, Verse: d (who) pressed you for the world of living beings? Verse: e What Reward was sent to him? Verse: f What spoils came to him?” aoxta: 3sg.mid.ind.pret. ‘say’ < aox-/ux- nəmō: N.sg.n. ‘reverance’ < nəmah- (Skt. namas-) haomāi: dat.sg.m. < haoma- kasə: N.sg.m. interrog.pron. ‘who?’ (sandhi form) ϑβąm: A.2sg.pers.pron. ‘you’ (Skt. tvām) paoiriiō: N.sg.m. ‘first’ < paoiriia- maš́iiō: N.sg.m. ‘mortal’ maš́iiō (Skt. martiya-) astuuaiϑiiāi: D.sg.f. < astuuaiṇtī- ‘bony’ (f. of astuuaṇt-) hunūta: 3sg.mid.ind.pret. (nas.pres. √hau-) ‘press out’ gaēϑiiāi: D.sg.f. gaēθā- ‘world of living beings’ kā:N.sg.f. interrog.pron. ahmāi: D.sg.dem.pron. (Skt. ayam) aṣ̌iš: N.sg.f. ‘Reward’ < aṣ̌ī- ərənāuui: 3sg.pres.pret. ərənao-/ ərənu- √ar- ‘sent on its way’ cit̰ : N.sg.n. interrog.pron. jasat̰ : 3sg.act.ind.pret. ‘come’ (Gk. βάσκω, Skt. (a)gacchat, cf. Lat. veniō, Gk. βαίνω) āiiaptəm: N.sg.n. < āiiapta- ‘reward, spoils’

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Verse: a āat̰ . mē. aēm. paitiiaoxta. Verse: b haomō. aṣ̌auua. dūraoṣ̌ō:: Verse: c vīuuaŋhā̊ . mąm. paoiriiō. maš́iiō. Verse: d astuuaiϑiiāi. hunūta. gaēϑiiāi:: Verse: e hā. ahmāi. aṣ̌iš. ərənāuui. Verse: f tat̰ . ahmāi. jasat̰ . āiiaptəm. Verse: g yat̰ . hē. puϑrō. us.zaiiata. Verse: h yō. yimō. xṣ̌aētō. huuąϑβō. Verse: i xVarənaŋuhastəmō. zātanąm. Verse: j huuarə.darəsō. maš́iiānąm:: Verse: k yat̰ . kərənaot̰ . aiŋ́he. xṣ̌aϑrāδa. Verse: l amarṣ̌əṇta. pasu. vīra. Verse: m aŋhaoṣ̌əmne. āpa. uruuaire. Verse: n xVairiiąn. xVarəϑəm. ajaiiamnəm.::

Verse: a Then this one replied to me, Verse: b Truthful death-averting Haoma, Verse: c “Vivaha was the first mortal to press

4 HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010)

Verse: d me for the world of living beings.4 Verse: e This reward was sent to him, Verse: f These spoils came to him. Verse: g Then his son was begotten, Verse: h Who was radiant Yima, with good flocks, Verse: i the most munificent of those born, Verse: j shining like the sun among mortals. Verse: k Then he made from his royal command, Verse: l Imperishable men and cattle, Verse: m Indesiccable water and plants, Verse: n (and) inexhaustible food for eating. vīuuaŋhā̊ : N.m.sg. < vīuuaŋhā̊ - (Ir. hero name) mąm: 1sg.acc.pers.pron. ‘me’ hā: N.3sg.f.dem.pron. ‘this’ tat̰ : N.3sg.n.dem.pron. ‘this’ yat̰ : conj. ‘then’ hē: encl.gen.-dat.pers.pron. ‘his’ puϑrō: N.sg.m. ‘son’ < puϑra- (OPers. puça-, Skt. putra-, Osc. puclo-, PIE *putlo-) us.zaiiata: 3sg.pret.mid.ind. ‘be born’ < us.zaiia- yō: N.sg.m. rel.pron. ‘who’ yimō: N.sg.m. ‘Yima’ pr.n. < Yima- xṣ̌aētō: N.sg.m. ‘brilliant’(?) < xṣ̌aēta- huuąϑβō: N.sg.m. ‘having good flocks’ < huuąϑβa- xVarənaŋvhastəmō: N.sg.m. ‘most fortunate, munificient’ (superl. xVarənaŋvhaṇt-) zātanąm: ‘born’ G.pl.m. < zāta- ‘born’ (PIE *ǵn̥ h₃-to-) huuarə.darəsō: N.sg.m. ‘appearing like the sun’ maš́iiānąm: G.pl.m. ‘mortals’ < maš́iia- kərənaot̰ : 3sg.pret.act.ind. ‘do, make’ (Skt. (a)kṛnot) aiŋ́he: G.sg.m.dem.pron. ‘his’ xṣ̌aϑrāδa: Abl.sg.n. (-āt̰ + univerbated postpos. ā) ‘royal command’ amarṣ̌əṇta: A.du.m. ‘imperishable’ < amarṣ̌əṇt- pasu: A.du.m. ‘cattle’ < pasu- vīra: A.du.m. ‘men’ < vīra- (Skt. vīra-, Lat. vir, Goth. wair-) aŋhaoṣ̌əmne: A.du. ‘indesiccable’ āpa: A.du.f. ‘water’ āp-/ap- uruuaire: A.du.f. ‘plants’ uruuairā- xvairiiąn: inf. xvar- ‘to eat’ xVarəϑəm: A.sg.n. ‘food’ ajaiiamnəm: A.sg.adj. < ajaiiamna- ‘inexhaustible’

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Verse: a yimahe. xṣ̌aϑre. auruuahe. Verse: b nōit̰ . aotəm. ā̊ ŋha. nōit̰ . garəməm. Verse: c nōit̰ . zauruua. ā̊ ŋha. nōit̰ . mərəϑiiuš. Verse: d nōit̰ . araskō. daēuuō.dātō::

Verse: a At the time of busy(?) Yima’s rule.

4 Lit. Vivangha, the first mortal, pressed me for the world of living beings.

5 HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010)

Verse: b There was no cold, there was no heat, Verse: c There was no old age, there was no death, Verse: d There was no envy created by demons.”

Yimahe: G.sg.m. ‘Yima’ xṣ̌aϑre: L.sg.n. ‘royal command’ (with temporal force) auruuahe: G.sg.m. < auruua- ‘busy (?)’ nōit̰ : neg. ‘no’ aotəm: N.sg.n. < aota- ‘cold’ ā̊ ŋha: 3sg.perf.act. √ah- ‘be’ (Skt. āsa-) garəməm: N.sg.n. ‘heat’ (Skt. gharma-, Gk. θερµός) zauruua: N.sg.f. ‘old age’ (PIE *ǵer-, cf. Gk. γερῶν) mərəϑiiuš: N.sg.m. ‘death’ < mərəϑiiu- araskō: N.sg.m. ‘envy’ < araska- daēuuō.dātō: N.sg.m. ‘daēuua-created’

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Verse: a kasə. ϑβąm. bitiiō. haoma. maš́iiō. Verse: b astuuaiϑiiāi. hunūta. gaēϑiiāi:: Verse: c kā. ahmāi. aṣ̌iš. ərənāuui. Verse: d cit̰ . ahmāi. jasat̰ . āiiaptəm.:: Verse: e paṇca.dasa. fracarōiϑe. Verse: f pita. puϑrasca. raoδaēṣ̌uua. *katarascit̰ . Verse: g yauuata. xṣ̌aiiōit̰ . huuąϑβō. Verse: h yimō. vīuuaŋuhatō. puϑrō.::

Verse: a “Who, O Haoma, was the second mortal Verse: b (who) pressed you for the bony world of living beings. Verse: c What reward was sent to him? Verse: d What spoils came to him? Verse: e In the form of fifteen-years old Verse: f both father and son went forth Verse: g As long as he with good flocks ruled, Verse: h Yima, son of Vivaha.” bitiiō: N.sg.m. ‘second’ (Skt. dvitīya-) paṇca.dasa: ‘fifteen’ fracarōiϑe: 3du.imp.mid. ‘to go forth’ raoδaēṣ̌uua: L.pl.m. ‘growth, form’ katarascit̰ : = uterque ‘both (of the two)’ (cf. Gk. ποτερός, Skt. katara- PIE *kʷotero-) yauuata: indecl. ‘as long as’ xṣ̌aiiōit̰ : 3sg.opt.act.pres. ‘to rule, govern’ vīuuaŋvhatō: N.sg.patron.adj. ‘von Vivahuant stammend’

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Verse: a āat̰ . mē. aēm. paitiiaoxta. Verse: b haomō. aṣ̌auua. dūraoṣ̌ō:: Verse: c āϑβiiō. mąm. bitiiō. maš́iiō. Verse: d astuuaiϑiiāi. hunūta. gaēϑiiāi::

6 HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010)

Verse: e hā. ahmāi. aṣ̌iš. ərənāuui. Verse: f tat̰ . ahmāi. jasat̰ . āiiaptəm. Verse: g yat̰ . hē. puϑrō. us.zaiiata. Verse: h vīsō. sūraiiā̊ . ϑraētaonō::::

Verse: a Then this one replied to me, Verse: b Truthful death-averting Haoma. Verse: c “Athvya was the second mortal Verse: d to press me for the world of living beings. Verse: e This Reward was sent to him. Verse: f These spoils came to him. Verse: g Then his son was born, Verse: h Thraetona of the house rich in life-giving strength.

Āϑβiiō: N.sg.m. pr.n. ‘Athvya’ vīsō: G.sg.f. < vīs- ‘house’ sūraiiā̊ : G.sg.f. < sūrā- ‘rich in life giving strength’ ϑraētaonō: N.sg.m. pr.n. ‘Thraetona’

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Verse: a yō. janat̰ . ažīm. dahākəm. Verse: b ϑrizafanəm. ϑrikamərəδəm. Verse: c xṣ̌uuaš.aṣ̌īm. hazaŋrā.yaoxštīm. Verse: d ašaojaŋhəm. daēuuīm. drujəm. Verse: e aγəm. gaēϑāuuiiō. druuaṇtəm. Verse: f yąm. ašaojastəmąm. drujəm. Verse: g fraca. kərəṇtat̰ . aŋrō. mainiiuš. Verse: h aoi. yąm. astuuaitīm. gaēϑąm. Verse: i mahrkāi. aṣ̌ahe. gaēϑanąm.::

Verse: a He who slew Ažī Dahāka, Verse: b with three mouths and three heads, Verse: c with six eyes, and a thousand tricks, Verse: d (along with) the very strong demonic Lie. Verse: e The most lieful one for the world of living beings, Verse: f Which is the strongest Lie Verse: g (that) the Evil Spirit released Verse: h to that bony world of living beings Verse: i for the destruction of the world of Truth.” janat̰ : 3sg.pret.act.ind. ‘slay’ (cf. Skt. han- PIE root pres. < *gʷʰen- , cf. Gk. θείνω ) ažīm. dahākəm: A.sg.m. ‘The Dragon Ažī Dahāka’ ϑrizafanəm: A.sg.m. ‘three-mouthed’ ϑrikamərəδəm: A.sg.m. ‘three-headed’ xṣ̌uuaš.aṣ̌īm: A.sg.m. ‘with six eyes’ hazaŋrā.yaoxštīm: A.sg.m. ‘with a thousand skills, tricks’ ašaojaŋhəm: A.sg.m. ‘very strong’ < aš.aojah- adj. daēuuīm: A.sg.m. daēuuiia- ‘Daeuuic, pertaining to the daeuuas’ drujəm: A.sg.f. ‘Lie, the cosmic deception’ aγəm: A.sg.m.adj. aγa- ‘evil’

7 HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010) gaēϑāuuiiō: D.pl.f. gaēθā- ‘living beings’ yąm: A.sg.f. rel.pron. ašaojastəmąm: A.sg.f. superl. aš.aojah- adj. fraca. kərəṇtat̰ : 3sg.pret.act.ind. ‘released’ aŋrō mainiiuš: N.sg.m. ‘the Evil Spirit’ astuuaitīm: A.sg.f. < astuuaṇtī- f. of astuuaṇt- mahrkāi: dat.inf. acting as a noun ‘for the destruction (of)’ > ‘to ruin’ aṣ̌ahe: G.sg.m. aṣ̌a- ‘Truth; Order’

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Verse: a kasə. ϑβąm. ϑritiiō. haoma. maš́iiō. Verse: b astuuaiϑiiāi. hunūta. gaēϑiiāi:: Verse: c kā. ahmāi. aṣ̌iš. ərənāuui. Verse: d cit̰ . ahmāi. jasat̰ . āiiaptəm.::

Verse: a “Who was the third mortal, O Haoma, Verse: b (who) pressed you for the world of living beings? Verse: c What Reward was sent to him? Verse: d What spoils came to him?”

ϑritiiō: N.sg.m. ‘third’

Paragraph: 10 Verse: a āat̰ . mē. aēm. paitiiaoxta. Verse: b haomō. aṣ̌auua. dūraoṣ̌ō:: Verse: c ϑritō. *sāmanąm. səuuištō.* Verse: d ϑritiiō. mąm. maš́iiō. Verse: e astuuaiϑiiāi. hunūta. gaēϑiiāi:: Verse: f hā. ahmāi. aṣ̌iš. ərənāuui. Verse: g tat̰ . ahmāi. jasat̰ . āiiaptəm. Verse: h Then his son yat̰ . hē. puϑra. us.zaiiōiϑe. Verse: i uruuāxṣ̌aiiō. kərəsāspasca:: Verse: j t̰ kaēṣ̌ō. aniiō. dātō.rāzō. Verse: k āat̰ . aniiō. uparō.kairiiō. Verse: l yuua. gaēsuš. gaδauuarō::::

Verse: a Then this one replied to me, Verse: b Truthful death-averting Haoma: Verse: c “Thrita, the mightiest of the Sāma-family, Verse: d (He) was the third mortal Verse: e To press me for the bony world of living beings. Verse: f This Reward was sent to him. Verse: g These spoils came to him. Verse: h Then his two sons were born, Verse: i Urvāxšaya and Keresāspa Verse: j One a teacher (and) lawgiver, Verse: k Then the other whose work is above, Verse: l A young, curly-haired, cudgel-throwing hero.

ϑritō: N.sg.m. pr.n. ‘Thrita’

8 HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010) sāmanąm: G.pl.adj. ‘Name einer iranischen Familie’ < sāma- səuuištō: N.sg.m.adj. ‘the strongest, mightiest’ puϑra: N.du.m. ‘two sons’ us.zaiiōiϑe: 3.du.pret.mid. ‘be born’ uruuāxṣ̌aiiō: N.sg.m. pr.n. kərəsāspas: N.sg.m. pr.n. t̰ kaēṣ̌ō: N.sg.m. ‘Teacher’ < t̰ kaēṣ̌a- aniiō ... aniiō: N.sg.m. ‘the one ... the other’ < aniia- (cf. Lat. alius, Gk. ἀλλός < *ali̯ os) dātō.rāzō: N.sg.m. ‘Law-giver’ < dātō.rāta- uparō.kairiiō: N.sg.m. ‘whose work is above’ (bahūvrīhi comp.) yuua: N.sg.m. ‘young man, young hero’ < yuuan- (cf. Lat. iuvenis) gaēsuš: N.sg.adj. ‘frizzy, curlyhaired’ < gaēsau- gaδauuarō: N.sg.m. ‘cudgel-throwing’ < gaδauuara-

Paragraph: 11 Verse: a yō. janat̰ . ažīm. sruuarəm. Verse: b yim. aspō.garəm. nərə.garəm. Verse: c yim. vīṣ̌auuaṇtəm. zairitəm. Verse: d yim. upairi. vīš. araoδat̰ . Verse: e ārštiiō.barəza. zairitəm:: Verse: f yim. upairi. kərəsāspō. Verse: g aiiaŋha. pitūm. pacata. Verse: h ā. rapiϑβinəm. zruuānəm:: Verse: i tafsat̰ ca. hō. mairiiō. xVīsat̰ ca:: Verse: j frąš. aiiaŋhō. frasparat̰ . Verse: k yaeš́iiaṇtīm. āpəm. parā̊ ŋhāt̰ :: Verse: l parąš. tarštō. apatacat̰ . Verse: m naire.manā̊ . kərəsāspō.::

Verse: a ...who slew the hornèd Dragon, Verse: b who was horse-devouring and man-devouring, Verse: c who was poisonous and yellow, Verse: d Upon whom poison flowed Verse: e Fathoms high (and) yellow. Verse: f Upon him Keresāspa Verse: g Cooked meat with a metal pot, Verse: h at noontime. Verse: i And this villain became hot and began to sweat. Verse: j He leapt forwards from the metal pot. Verse: k He averted the boiling water. Verse: l Terrified, he ran away aside, Verse: m Keresāspa, having heroic thought.” sruuarəm: A.sg.m. ‘horned, horny’ < sruuara- yim: A.sg.m. rel. pron. *yam > *yəm > yim (Skt. yam) aspō.garəm: A.sg.m. ‘horse-devouring’ < aspō.gara- nərə.garəm: A.sg.m. ‘man-devouring’ < nərə.gara- vīṣ̌auuaṇtəm: A.sg.m. ‘poisonous’ < vīṣ̌auuaṇt- zairitəm: A.sg.m. ‘golden, gold-coloured’ < zairita- upairi: prep. ‘on’ (+ acc.) vīš: N.sg.n. ‘poison, venom’

9 HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010) a.raoδat̰ : 3sg.pret.ind.act. ‘flow’ ārštiiō.barəza: N.sg.n. ‘fathoms-high’ < ārštiiō.barəzan- aiiaŋha: I.sg.n. ‘metal pot’ < aiiah- pitūm: A.sg.m. ‘meat’ < pitau- pacata: 3sg.pret.mid.ind. ‘cook’ (Lat. coquō) rapiϑβinəm: A.sg.m. ‘(the genius of) noontime’ rapiϑβina- zruuānəm: A.sg.m. ‘time’ zruuān- tafsat̰ =ca: 3sg.pret.act.ind. √tap- ‘to become hot’ hō: 3pers.dem.pron. mairiiō: N.sg.m. ‘villain, rogue’ mairiia- xVīsat̰ =ca: 3sg.pret.act.ind. √ xVaēd- ‘begin to sweat’ frąš: adv. < frā̊ nk- ‘forwards’ aiiaŋhō: G.sg.n. ‘metal pot’ aiiah- frasparat̰ : 3sg.pret.act.ind. fra w/ √spar- ‘jump, leap away’ yaeš́iiaṇtīm: adj. to yah- ‘boil’ A.sg.f. āpəm: A.sg.f. ‘water’ < āp-/ap- parā̊ ŋhāt̰ : 3sg.pret.act.ind. ‘turn away, avert’ parąš: adv. ‘aside’ tarštō: N.sg.m. ‘frightened’ (cf. Lat. terreō) apa.tacat̰ : 3sg.pret.act.ind. apa w/ √tak- ‘run away’ naire.manā̊ : N.sg.m. ‘having heroic thought’ < naire.manāh-

Paragraph: 12 Verse: a kasə. ϑβąm. tūiriiō. haoma. maš́iiō. Verse: b astuuaiϑiiāi. hunūta. gaēϑiiāi:: Verse: c kā. ahmāi. aṣ̌iš. ərənāuui. Verse: d cit̰ . ahmāi. jasat̰ . āiiaptəm.::

Verse: a “Who was the fourth mortal, O Haoma, Verse: b (who) pressed you for the world of living beings? Verse: c What Reward was sent to him? Verse: d What spoils came to him?” tūiriiō: N.sg.m. ‘fourth’

Paragraph: 13 Verse: a āat̰ . mē. aēm. paitiiaoxta. Verse: b haomō. aṣ̌auua. dūraoṣ̌ō:: Verse: c pouruṣ̌aspō. mąm. tūiriiō. maš́iiō. Verse: d astuuaiϑiiāi. hunūta. gaēϑiiāi:: Verse: e hā. ahmāi. aṣ̌iš. ərənāuui. Verse: f tat̰ . ahmāi. jasat̰ . āiiaptəm. Verse: g yat̰ . hē. tūm. us.zaiiaŋha. Verse: h tūm. ərəzuuō. zaraϑuštra. Verse: i nmānahe. pouruṣ̌aspahe. Verse: j vīdaēuuō. ahura.t̰ kaēṣ̌ō.::

Verse: a Then this one replied to me, Verse: b Truthful death-averting Haoma, Verse: c “Pourušaspa was the fourth mortal Verse: d To press me for the bony world of living beings.

10 HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010)

Verse: e This reward was sent to him. Verse: f These spoils came to him. Verse: g Then his (son), you were born, Verse: h You, O Upright Zarathustra, Verse: i Of Pourušaspa’s house, Verse: j Demon-rejecting (and) teaching the doctrine of Ahura. tūm: 2sg.pers.pron. ‘you’ (Skt. tvam, Lat. tū, Gk. σύ) us.zaiiaŋha: 2sg.pret.mid.ind. ‘be born’ ərəzuuō: V.sg.m. ‘upright’ nmānahe: G.sg.m. ‘house’ nmāna- pouruṣ̌aspahe: G.sg.m. ‘Pourušaspa’ vīdaēuuō: N.sg.m. ‘Rejecting the daēuuas’ ahura.t̰ kaēṣ̌ō: N.sg.m. ‘teaching Ahura’s doctrine’ ahura.t̰ kaēṣ̌ah-

Paragraph: 14 Verse: a srūtō. airiiene. vaējahe. Verse: b tūm. paoiriiō. zaraϑuštra. Verse: c †ahunəm. vairīm. frasrāuuaiiō. vībərəϑβaṇtəm. āxtūirīm. Verse: d *aparəm. xraoždiiehiia. frasrūiti.::

Verse: a Renowned of the Aryan Expanse Verse: b You were the first, O Zarathustra, Verse: c To recite the Ahuna Varya, having pauses(?), for the fourth time, Verse: d He recites it more firmly for the future(?) srūtō: N.sg.m. ‘heard of, known, renowned’ Airiiene. Vaējahe: G.sg.m. ‘The Aryan Expanse’ < airiia- vaēja- paoiriiō: N.sg.m. ‘first’ (Skt. pūrvya-) ahunəm. vairīm: A.sg.n. ‘Ahuna Varya’5 vībərəϑβaṇtəm: A.sg.n. ‘having pauses(?)’ vībərəϑβaṇt- āxtūirīm: adv. ‘for the fourth time’ aparəm: A.sg.m. ‘future’ adv.acc. xraoždiiehiia: < A.pl.n.(?) xraoždiiah- comp. xruždra- ‘firm, hard’ (adv. usage?) frasrūiti: 3sg.pres.ind.act. fra + √srū/srao- ‘speak forth (to be heard)’

Paragraph: 15 Verse: a tūm. zəmargūzō. ākərənauuō. vīspe. daēuua. zaraϑuštra.

5 The Ahuna Variia is one of the principal Old Avestan sacred formulas. It is preserved at Y.27.13: yaθa ahū variiō # aθā ratuš aṣ̌āt̰ cīt̰ hacā vaŋhə̄ uš dazdā manaŋhō # š́iiaoθənanąm aŋhə̄ uš mazdāi xšaθrəmcā ahurāi.ā # yim drigubiiō dadat̰ vāstārəm

Just as (a judgment) is worthy of being chosen by the world, so the judgment, (which) in accordance with truth itself, (is to be passed) on the actions of the good thought of the world, is assigned to the Wise One, and the power (is assigned) to Him, the Ahura, whom (people) appoint as a shepherd to the poor. (text ed. & trans. Humbach, Elfenbein, & Skjærvø 1991:115)

11 HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010)

Verse: b yōi. para. ahmāt̰ . vīrō.raoδa. apataiiən. paiti. āiia.zəmā:: Verse: c yō. aojištō. yō. taṇcištō. Verse: d yō. ϑβaxṣ̌ištō. yō. āsištō. Verse: e †yō. as. vərəϑrająstəmō. Verse: f abauuat̰ . mainiuuā̊ . dāmąn.::

Verse: a You made all the demons (be) hidden in the earth, Zarathustra, Verse: b They who beforehand with the form of men fell to this earth. Verse: c You who is the strongest, who is the bravest, Verse: d Who is the most diligent, who is the most swift, Verse: e Who is the most obstruction-smashing, Verse: f He (i.e. you) became (thus) in the world of the two spirits.” zəmargūzō: A.pl.m. ‘hiding in the earth’ zəm.argūz- ākərənauuō: augmented pret. 2sg.act.ind. kərənao-/kərənu- ‘make do’ yōi: N.pl.m. rel.pron. para ahmāt̰ : adv. ‘before, earlier’ & abl.sg. dem.pron. < aēm. ‘zuvor; before, beforehand’ vīrō.raoδa: N.pl.m. ‘having the shape of men’ apataiiən: augmented pret. 3pl.act.ind. < pata- ‘to fall’ āiia.zəmā: āiia I.f.sg.dem.pron. w/ zəmā, I.f.sg. aojištō: N.sg.m. superl. uγra- ‘strong’ taṇcištō: N.sg.m. superl. taxma- ‘brave, steadfast’ ϑβaxṣ̌ištō: N.sg.m. ‘the most diligent’ āsištō: N.sg.m. superl. āsu- ‘swift’ as: 2sg.pres.act.ind. ah- ‘be’ vərəϑrająstəmō: N.sg.m. superl. vərəϑrajan- ‘obstruction-smashing’ abauuat̰ : augmented pret. 3sg.act.ind. ‘be, become’ (Skt. abhavat) mainiuuā̊ : G.du.m. < maniiu- ‘mental force, spirit’ dāmąn: Endingless Locative ‘creation > world’

Paragraph: 16 Verse: a āat̰ . aoxta. zaraϑuštrō:: Verse: b nəmō. haomāi. Verse: c vaŋhuš. haomō. Verse: d huδātō. haomō. Verse: e aršdātō. vaŋhuš. dātō. baēṣ̌aziiō. Verse: f hukərəfš. huuarəš. vərəϑrajā̊ . Verse: g zairi.gaonō. nąmiiąsuš. Verse: h yaϑa. xVarəṇte. vahištō. Verse: i urunaēca. pāϑmainiiōtəmō.::

Verse: a Then Zarathustra said: Verse: b Reverence to Haoma Verse: c “Haoma is good. Verse: d Haoma is formed well. Verse: e Well created, established (as) good, (and) holy, Verse: f Well formed, whose work is good, (and) obstruction-smashing, Verse: g Golden, with bending sprouts(?) Verse: h That is the best for one drinking, Verse: i And on the best path for the Soul.

12 HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010) vaŋhuš: N.sg.m. ‘good’ vaŋhu- huδātō: N.sg.m. ‘well-created’ huδāta- aršdātō: N.sg.m. ‘well-created’ aršdāta- dātō: N.sg.m. ‘established baēṣ̌aziiō: ‘heilend, heilkraftig, heittätig; holy, of holy strength’ hukərəfš: ‘well formed’ < hukərəp- huuarəš: N.sg.m. < huuarəz- ‘whose work is good’ (Barth. des Wirken gut ist)’ vərəϑrajā̊ : N.sg.m. ‘obstruction-smashing’ < vərəθrajan- zairi.gaonō: N.sg.m. ‘golden, yellow coloured’ < zairi.gaona- nąmiiąsuš: N.sg.m. ‘with bending sprouts(?)’ xVarəṇte: D.sg.pres.act.part. √xVar- ‘drinking’ urumaē=ca: D.sg.m. ‘soul’ < uruuan-/urun- (for decl. J §314) pāϑmainiiōtəmō: N.sg.m. ‘On the best path’ (Barth. ‘der am besten Pfad, die Bahn bereitet für-‘)

Paragraph: 17 Verse: a nī. tē. zāire. maδəm. mruiiē. Verse: b nī. aməm. nī. vərəϑraγnəm. Verse: c nī. dasuuarə. nī. baēṣ̌azəm. Verse: d nī. fradaϑəm. nī. varədaϑəm. Verse: e nī. aojō. vīspō.tanūm. Verse: f nī. mastīm. vīspō.paēsaŋhəm:: Verse: g nī. tat̰ . yaϑa. gaēϑāhuua. Verse: h vasō.xṣ̌aϑrō. fracarāne. Verse: i t̰ baēṣ̌ō. tauruuā̊ . drujəm. vanō::

Verse: a I call down your drunkenness, O golden one, Verse: b (I call down your) strength and victory, Verse: c (I call down your) skill and your medicine, Verse: d (I call down your) furtherance and growth, Verse: e (I call down) strength of the entire body, Verse: f (I call down your) all adorned knowledge, Verse: g (I call down) this, so that in the world of living beings Verse: h I may go forth in complete command. Verse: i Smiting evil, you overcome the Lie. nī...mruiiē: 1.sg.pres.mid.ind. ‘I call down’ zāire: V.sg.m. ‘yellow, tawny’ maδəm: ‘drunkenness’ aməm: A.sg.m. ‘strength’ (OPers. ama-) vərəϑraγnəm: A.sg.m. ‘victory’ < vərəϑraγna- dasuuarə: A.sg.n. < dasuuar- ‘talent, skill’ baēṣ̌azəm: A.sg.n. < baēṣ̌aza- ‘healing, medicine’ fradaϑəm: A.sg.n. < fradaϑa- ‘furtherance’ varədaϑəm: A.sg.n. < varədaϑa- ‘growth’ aojō: A.sg.n. < aojah- ‘strength’ vīspō.tanūm: A.sg.n.adj. < vīspō.tanuua- ‘of (pertaining to) the entire body’ mastīm: A.sg.f. < mastī- ‘knowledge’ vīspō.paēsaŋhəm: A.sg.f. < vīspō.paēsah- ‘all adorned’ gaēϑāhuua: L.pl.f. gaēϑā- ‘the world of living beings’ vasō.xṣ̌aϑrō: N.sg.m. vasō.xṣ̌aϑra- ‘in complete command’ fracarāne: 1sg.pres.mid.subj. < fra + √car- ‘go forth’

13 HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010) t̰ baēṣ̌ō: A.sg.n. < t̰ baēṣ̌ah- ‘hostility, evil’ tauruuā̊ : N.sg.m.part. < tauruuaiia- < √tar- ‘overcome, conquer’ drujəm: drug- A.sg.n. ‘Lie’ vanō: 2sg.pres.act.ind. √van- ‘overcome’

Paragraph: 18 Verse: a nī. tat̰ . yaϑa. tauruuaiieni. Verse: b vīspanąm. t̰ biṣ̌uuatąm. t̰ baēṣ̌ā̊ . Verse: c daēuuanąm. maš́iiānąmca. Verse: d yāϑβąm. pairikanąmca. Verse: e sāϑrąm. kaoiiąm. karafnąmca. Verse: f mairiianąmca. bizaṇgranąm. Verse: g aṣ̌əmaoγanąmca. bizaṇgranąm. Verse: h vəhrkanąmca. caϑβarə.zaṇgranąm. Verse: i haēniiā̊ sca. pərəϑu.ainikaiiā̊ . Verse: j dauuąiϑiiā̊ . patąiϑiiā̊ .::

Verse: a So that I may overcome this, Verse: b The hostilities of all enemies, Verse: c Of demons and mortals, Verse: d Of sorcerers and sorceresses, Verse: e Of evil teachers, poets, and mumblers, Verse: f Of two-footed villains, Verse: g And of two-footed heretics, Verse: h And of four-footed wolves. Verse: i And of the enemy army with broad ranks, Verse: j (That is) running and flying. nī ... tauruuaiieni: 1sg.pres.act.subj. √tar- ‘overcome’ vīspanąm: G.pl.m. ‘all’ t̰ biṣ̌uuatąm: G.pl.pres.act.part. t̰ biṣ̌uuaṇt- ‘hostile person, enemy’ t̰ baēṣ̌ā̊ : N.acc.pl. ‘hostility’ < t̰ baēṣ̌ah- maš́iiānąm=ca: G.pl.m. ‘mortals’ < maš́iia- yāϑβąm: G.pl.m. < yātuu- ‘sorcerers’ pairikanąm: G.pl.f. < pairikā- ‘sorceress, witch’ sāϑrąm: G.pl.m. < sāstar-/sāθr- ‘evil teacher(?), commander(?)’ kaoiiąm: G.pl.m. < kauuaii- ‘poet’ (Skt. kāvi-) karafnąm: G.pl.m. < karapan- ‘(a kind of bad priest) mumbler(?)’ mairiianąm: G.pl.m. < mairiia- ‘villain’ bizaṇgranąm: G.pl.m. < bizaṇgra- ‘two-footed’ aṣ̌əmaoγanąm=ca: G.pl.m. aṣ̌əmaoγa- ‘heretic’ vəhrkanąm: G.pl.m. vəhrka- ‘wolf’ (Lat. lupus [borrowing via Sabellic statt expected ‘luquos’], Gk. λύκος, Engl. wolf etc.) caϑβarə.zaṇgranąm: G.pl.m. ‘four-footed’ haēniiā̊ s: G.sg.f. < haēnā- ‘enemy army’ pərəϑu.ainikaiiā̊ : G.sg.f. < pərəϑu.ainikaiiā- ‘with broad-ranks’ (first element, cf. Gk. πλατυ-) dauuąiϑiiā̊ : G.sg.f.pres.part. < dauuaiṇtī- ‘running’ (cf. Skt. dāvati) patąiϑiiā̊ : G.sg.f.pres.part. < pataiṇtī- ‘flying; falling’

Paragraph: 19 Verse: a iməm. ϑβąm. paoirīm. yānəm.

14 HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010)

Verse: b haoma. jaiδiiemi. dūraoṣ̌a:: Verse: c vahištəm. ahūm. aṣ̌aonąm. Verse: d raocaŋhəm. vīspō.xvāϑrəm:: Verse: e iməm. ϑβąm. bitīm. yānəm. Verse: f haoma. jaiδiiemi. dūraoṣ̌a:: Verse: g druuatātəm. aiŋ́hā̊ sə. tanuuō:: Verse: h iməm. ϑβąm. ϑritīm. yānəm. Verse: i haoma. jaiδiiemi. dūraoṣ̌a:: Verse: j darəγō.jītīm. uštānahe.::

Verse: a This first boon I implore you, Verse: b O Death-averting Haoma: Verse: c The truthful Best Existence, Verse: d Alight and full of good breathing space. Verse: e This second boon I implore you, Verse: f O Death-averting Haoma: Verse: g Health of this body. Verse: h This third boon I implore you, Verse: i O Death-averting Haoma: Verse: j Longevity of life-breath. iməm: A.sg.n.dem.pron. < ima- paoirīm: adv. ‘first’ yānəm: A.sg.n. ‘boon’ < yāna- jaiδiiemi: 1sg.pres.act.ind. < jad-/gad- ‘implore’ vahištəm. ahūm: A.sg.m. < vahišta- aŋhu- ‘the best existence; paradise’ aṣ̌aonąm: A.sg.m. < aṣ̌auuan- ‘Orderly, Truthful’ raocaŋhəm: A.sg.n. ‘alight, full of light’ < raocah- n. ‘light’ (cf. Gk. o-stem adj. λευκός ‘white’ < *leu̯ ḱ-) vīspō.xvāϑrəm: A.sg.n. vīspō.xvāϑra- ‘full of good breathing space’ bītīm: adv. ‘second’ druuatātəm: A.sg.f. druuatāt- ‘health’ aiŋ́hā̊ sə: G.sg.f.dem.pron. < aya-/im- tanuuō: G.sg.f. < tanuuah- ‘body’ (Skt. tanvás) ϑritīm: adv. ‘third’ darəγō.jītīm: A.sg.f. darəγō.jītī- ‘longevity, (lit. long-life)’ uštānahe: G.sg.m. uštāna- ‘life-breath’

Paragraph: 20 Verse: a iməm. ϑβąm. tūirīm. yānəm. Verse: b haoma. jaiδiiemi. dūraoṣ̌a. Verse: c †yaϑa. aēṣ̌ō. amauuā̊ . †ϑrąfəδō. Verse: d fraxštāne. zəmā. paiti. Verse: e t̰ baēṣ̌ō. tauruuā̊ . drujəm. vanō:: Verse: f iməm. ϑβąm. puxδəm. yānəm. Verse: g haoma. jaiδiiemi. dūraoṣ̌a:: Verse: h †yaϑa. vərəϑrajā̊ . vanat̰ .pəṣ̌anō. Verse: i †fraxštāne. zəmā. paiti. Verse: j t̰ baēṣ̌ō. tauruuā̊ . drujəm. vanō.::

Verse: a This fourth boon I implore you, Verse: b O Death-averting Haoma:

15 HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010)

Verse: c That as this mighty one who ought to be satisfied(?) Verse: d I may stand forth upon the earth, Verse: e (While) you, smiting evil, overcome the Lie. Verse: f This fifth boon I implore you, Verse: g O Death-averting Haoma: Verse: h That as one who is obstruction-smashing and winning in battle Verse: i I may stand forth upon the earth, Verse: j (While) you, smiting evil, overcome the Lie. tūirīm: adv. ‘fourth’ aēṣ̌ō: N.sg.m. ‘this’ (Skt. eṣaḥ) amauuā̊ : N.sg.m. ‘mighty, powerful, strength-possessing’ < amauuaṇt- ϑrąfəδō: N.sg.m. ‘who ought to be satisfied’(?) < ϑrąp- fraxštāne: 1sg.pres.mid.subj. fra + √stā- ‘to stand forth’ zəmā: L.sg.f. ‘earth’ paiti: prep. w/ L. (obj. zəmā) ‘on, upon’ vanat̰ .pəṣ̌anō: N.sg.m. < vanat̰ .pəṣ̌ana- ‘winning in battle’

Paragraph: 21 Verse: a iməm. ϑβąm. xštūm. yānəm. Verse: b haoma. jaiδiiemi. dūraoṣ̌a:: Verse: c pauruua. tāiiūm. pauruua. gaδəm. Verse: d pauruua. vəhrkəm. būiδiiōimaiδe:: Verse: e mā. ciš. pauruuō. būiδiiaēta. nō. Verse: f vīspe. pauruua. būiδiiōimaiδe.::

Verse: a This sixth boon I implore you, Verse: b O Death-averting Haoma: Verse: c (That) we be first aware Verse: d Of the thief, the robber, and the wolf, Verse: e (and that) none be first aware of us, Verse: f May we all be aware first. xštūm: adv. ‘sixth’ pauruua: N.pl.m. ‘the first ones’ tāiiūm: A.sg.m. ‘thief’ < tāiiu- gaδəm: A.sg.m. ‘robber’ < gaδa- būiδiiōimaiδe: 1pl.pres.opt.mid. ‘become aware of’ √baod- mā: neg.part. ‘not’ (Gk. µή, Skt. mā, ) ciš: indef.part. būiδiiaēta: 3sg.pres.opt.mid. √baod- ‘become aware of’ nō: ‘us’ encl.acc.pron.

Paragraph: 22 Verse: a haomō. aēibiš. yōi. auruuaṇtō. Verse: b hita. taxṣ̌əṇti. arənāum. Verse: c zāuuarə.aojā̊ sca. baxṣ̌aiti:: Verse: d haomō. āzīzanāitibiš. Verse: e daδāiti. xṣ̌aētō.puϑrīm. Verse: f uta. aṣ̌auua.frazaiṇtīm:: Verse: g haomō. taēcit̰ . yōi. kataiiō.

16 HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010)

Verse: h naskō.frasā̊ ŋhō. ā̊ ŋhəṇte. Verse: i spānō. mastīmca. baxṣ̌aiti.::

Verse: a Haoma bestows the race Verse: b and strong strength upon those Verse: c swift ones who let run a team of horses. Verse: d Haoma gives to those who have been born Verse: e The possession of resplendent sons, Verse: f And pious progeny. Verse: g Haoma bestows to those willing ones, Verse: h Who sit obliged to study the Nasks, Verse: i Holiness and Knowledge. aēibiš: I.pl.m. ‘this’ (Skt. ebhiḥ) auruuaṇtō: N.pl.m. ‘swift’ hita: A.du.m. ‘team (of horses)’ taxṣ̌əṇti: 3pl.pres.act.ind. ‘let run’ arənāum: A.sg.m. ‘race’ zāuuarə.aojā̊ sca: A.sg.n. ‘strong strength’ baxṣ̌aiti: 3sg.pres.ind.act. ‘give (as a gift), bestow’ āzīzanāitibiš: pluperf.act.part.dat.pl. √zan- ‘to those born’ (< *ǵenh1-) daδāiti: 3sg.pres.act.ind. √dā- ‘give’ (Lat. dō, Gk. δίδωµι, Skt. dadhāmi, etc. < PIE *√deh3-) xṣ̌aētō.puϑrīm: A.sg.m. ‘the possession of resplendent sons’ < xṣ̌aētō.puϑriia- uta: part. ‘and’ aṣ̌auua.frazaiṇtīm: A.sg.m. ‘believing, pious progeny’ (Barth. gläubige Nachkommenschaft) taē=cit̰ : N.pl.m.dem.pron. tā- sandhi form kataiiō: N.pl.m. < kataii- ‘willing’ naskō.frasā̊ ŋhō: N.pl.m. ‘obliged to the study of the Nasks’ ā̊ ŋhəṇte: 3pl.pres.mid. ‘sit’ spānō: A.sg.n. < spānah- ‘sanctity, holiness’ mastīm: A.sg.f. < mastī- ‘knowledge’

Paragraph: 23 Verse: a haomō. tā̊ scit̰ . yā̊ . kainīnō. Verse: b ā̊ ŋhaire. darəγəm. aγruuō. Verse: c haiϑīm.6 rāδəmca. baxṣ̌aiti. Verse: d moṣ̌u. jaiδiiamnō. huxratuš.::

Verse: a Haoma bestows upon those girls Verse: b Who sit long unwedded Verse: c A husband and caretaker, Verse: d As soon as they ask (him), the wise one. tā̊ scit̰ : N.pl.f.dem.pron. ‘those’ yā̊ : N.pl.f.rel.pron. ‘who’ kainīnō: N.pl.f. < kainī- ‘young girl’ ā̊ ŋhaire: 3pl.pluperf.mid.subj. √ah- ‘sit’ darəγəm: A.sg.n. adv. ‘(for a) long (time)’ aγruuō: N.pl.f. a-grauu- ‘unmarried’

6 MSS error, read ‘pāitīm’

17 HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010) pāitīm: A.sg.m. ‘husband’ rāδəm: A.sg.m. ‘caretaker’ moṣ̌u: adv. ‘soon’ jaiδiiamnō: N.pl.pres.mid.part. < jaiδiia- ‘ask’ huxratuš: N.sg.m. ‘the wise one’ (appositive to Haoma)

Paragraph: 24 Verse: a haomō. təmcit̰ . yim. kərəsānīm. Verse: b apa. xṣ̌aϑrəm. niṣ̌āδaiiat̰ . Verse: c yō. raosta. xṣ̌aϑrō.kāmiia. Verse: d yō. dauuata:: Verse: e nōit̰ . mē. apąm. †āϑrauua. aiβištiš. Verse: f vərəiδiiē. daiŋ́huua. carāt̰ :: Verse: g hō. vīspe. vərəiδinąm. vanāt̰ . Verse: h nī. vīspe. vərəiδinąm. janāt̰ .::

Verse: a Haoma placed Keresani Verse: b Without power. Verse: c He (who) bewailed his loss of power, Verse: d He (who) howled like a demon: Verse: e No priest will come afterwards Verse: f Into my land to increase it. Verse: g May this one seize all the growth! Verse: h May he smite all the growth! kərəsānīm: A.sg.m. kərəsānī- (pr.n.) apa.xṣ̌aϑrəm: A.sg.m. < apa.xṣ̌aϑra- ‘without power’ niṣ̌āδaiiat̰ : 3sg.imperf.act.ind. (niṣ̌ + ā + δaiiat̰ ) ‘place (without), remove’ roasta: 3sg.pret.mid.ind. √raod- ‘bewail’ xṣ̌aϑrō.kāmiia: ‘worry, lament over one’s power’ dauuata: 3sg.pret.mid.ind. < dauua- ‘howl (like a daēuua)’ apąm: adv. ‘hereafter, afterwards’ āϑrauua: N.sg.m. ‘priest’ < āϑrauuan- aiβištiš: N.sg.f. ‘helper’ (Ved. abhiśti-) vərəiδiiē: L.adj. ‘increase’ daiŋ́huua: L.sg.m. ‘land’ + unverbated postpos. ā carāt̰ : 3sg.pres.subj.act. ‘come’ hō: N.sg.m.dem.pron. ‘this one’ (viz. H.) vīspe: Nom. for A. vərəiδinąm: A.pl.f. ‘growth’ vanāt̰ : 3sg.pres.subj.act. ‘seize’ nī . . . janāt̰ : 3sg.pres.subj.act. ‘smite’

Paragraph: 25 Verse: a ušta. tē. yō. xVā. aojaŋha. Verse: b vasō.xṣ̌aϑrō. ahi. haoma:: Verse: e ušta.tē. nōit̰ . pairi.frāsa. Verse: f ərəžuxδəm. pərəsahe. vācim.::

Verse: a Hail to you, (who) by your strength Verse: b You are in complete command, O Haoma.

18 HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010)

Verse: e Hail to you; not by circumlocution(?) Verse: f You ask the well-spoken word. ušta: adv. as subst. ‘well-being’ w/ tē (dat.) ‘Hail to you!’ xVā: I.sg.n. refl.pron. aojaŋha: I.sg.n. < aojah- ‘strength’ pairi.frāsa: I.sg.m. ‘Asking around, Barth. Herumfragen’ ərəžuxδəm: A.sg.m. < ərəžuxδa- ‘well-spoken’ vācim: A.sg.m. < vāk- ‘word’

Paragraph: 26 Verse: a frā. tē. mazdā̊ . barat̰ . pauruuanīm. Verse: b aiβiiā̊ ŋhanəm. stəhrpaēsaŋhəm. mainiiutāštəm. Verse: c vaŋvhīm. daēnąm. māzdaiiasnīm:: Verse: d āat̰ . aiŋ́he. ahi. aiβiiāstō. Verse: e barṣ̌nuš. paiti. gairinąm. drājaŋhe. Verse: f aiβiδāitīšca. grauuasca. mąϑrahe.::::

Verse: a Forth to you, Mazda bore formerly Verse: b a star-studded girdle wrought by spirits, Verse: c (and) the good Mazdayasnian religion. Verse: d Then you were circumgirdled by it, Verse: e Upon the peaks of mountains for all time, Verse: f The bridle and halter of the poetic word. pauruuanīm: adv. ‘formerly’ aiβiiā̊ ŋhanəm: A.sg.n. < aiβiiā̊ ŋhana- ‘girdle’ stəhrpaēsaŋhəm: A.sg.n. < stəhrpaēsah- ‘star-studded’ mainiiutāštəm: A.sg.n. < mainiiutāšta- ‘manufactured by maniiu-spirits’ daēnąm: A.sg.f. ‘religio’ māzdaiiasnīm: A.sg.f.adj. ‘Mazdayasnian’ āat̰ : part. ‘then’ aiŋ́he: L.sg.f. ‘that’ aiβiiāstō: N.sg.m.adj. ‘girt, begirdled’ barṣ̌nuš: A.pl.m. ‘height, peak’ gairinąm: G.pl.m. < gairi- ‘mountain’ drājaŋhe: D.sg.n. ‘length’ > ‘for all time’ (Barth. ‘für alle Zeit’) aiβiδāitīšca grauuasca: Barth. ‘um zu bewahren die Wörter und Sätze des M.’, Schind. ‘bridle & halter’ mąϑrahe: G.sg.m. < mąϑra- ‘poetic/sacred thought, word’

Paragraph: 27 Verse: a haoma. nmānō.paite. vīs.paite. Verse: b zaṇtu.paite. daiŋ́hu.paite. Verse: c spanaŋha. vaēδiiā.paite:: Verse: d amāica. ϑβā. vərəϑraγnāica. Verse: e māuuōiia. upa.mruiiē. tanuiiē. Verse: f ϑrimāica. yat̰ . pouru.baoxṣ̌nahe.::

Verse: a O Haoma, house-lord, village-lord Verse: b District-lord, lord of the land.

19 HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010)

Verse: c (and) lord of knowledge by your holiness. Verse: d I call on you for strength Verse: e and victory for my body Verse: f and for prosperity which brings much deliverance. nmānō.paite: V.sg.m. ‘House-lord’ vīs.paite: V.sg.m. ‘Village-lord’ zaṇtu.paite: V.sg.m. ‘District-lord’ daiŋ́hu.paite: V.sg.m. ‘Lord of the Land’ spanaŋha: I.sg.n. spanah- ‘holiness’ vaēδiiā.paite: V.sg.m. ‘lord of knowledge’ amāi=ca D.sg.n. < ama- ‘strength’ ϑβā: 2sg.acc.encl.pron. ‘you’ vərəϑraγnāi: D.sg.n. ‘victory’ māuuōiia: D.sg.2sg.pers.pron. (Skt. mahyam) upa.mruiiē: 1sg.pres.mid.ind. upa + mrao-/mru- ‘call upon (for)’ Barth. ‘herzurufen zu jemandem’ tanuiiē: D.sg.f. tanū- ‘body’ ϑrimāi: D.sg.m. ϑrima- ‘prosperity’ pouru.baoxṣ̌nahe: G.sg. ‘who brings much deliverance’

Paragraph: 28 Verse: a vī. nō. t̰ biṣ̌uuatąm. t̰ baēṣ̌ə̄ bīš. Verse: b vī. manō. bara. graməṇtąm:: Verse: c yō. cišca. ahmi. nmāne. Verse: d yō. aiŋ́he. vīsi. Verse: e yō. ahmi. zaṇtuuō. Verse: f yō. aiŋ́he. daiŋ́huuō. Verse: g aēnaŋhā̊ . asti. maš́iiō. Verse: h gəuruuaiia. hē. pāδauue. zāuuarə. Verse: i pairi. ṣ̌ē. uṣ̌i. vərənūiδi. Verse: j skəṇdəm. ṣ̌ē. manō. kərənūiδi.::

Verse: a Bear off the hostilities of enemies from us! Verse: b Bear off our mind from those who are angry. Verse: c Whoever in his house, Verse: d Whoever in his village house, Verse: e Whoever in his tribe, Verse: f Whoever in his land, Verse: g Is a man of two transgressions: Verse: h Seize the strength from his footsteps! Verse: i Cover up his senses! Verse: j Debilitate his mind! t̰ biṣ̌uuatąm: G.pl.m. ‘enemy’ t̰ baēṣ̌ə̄ bīš: I.pl.n. ‘hostility’ (obj. vī ... bara) vī ... bara: 2sg.pres.imptv.act. ‘carry/bear off!’ manō: A.sg.n. < manah- ‘mind’ graməṇtąm: G.pl.m. pres.act.part. < √gram- ‘being angry’ (gen. sep.) cišca: ‘each, every’ (Lat. quisque) ahmi: L.sg.m. ‘this’ nmāne: L.sg.n. ‘house’

20 HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010) aiŋ́he: L.sg.f. ‘this’ vīsi: L.sg.f. ‘village house’ zaṇtuuō: L.sg.m. ‘tribe’ aēnaŋhā̊ : G.du.n. < aēnah- ‘act of violence, sin, transgression’ gəuruuaiia: 2sg.pres.imptv.act. < gəuruua- ‘grab hold of, seize’ pāδauue: D.du.n. ‘footstep’ zāuuarə: A.sg.n. < zāuuar- ‘strength’ ṣ̌ē: = hē uṣ̌i: A.du.n. ‘ears’ > ‘senses’ pairi ... vərənūiδi: 2sg.pres.imptv.act. ‘cover up!’ skəṇdəm ... kar-: ‘cripple, debilitate’

Paragraph: 29 Verse: a mā. zbaraϑaēibiia. fratuiiā̊ . Verse: b mā. gauuaēibiia. fratuiiā̊ . Verse: c mā. ząm. vaēnōit̰ . aṣ̌ibiia. Verse: d mā. gąm. vaēnōit̰ . aṣ̌ibiia. Verse: e yō. aēnaŋhaiti. nō. manō. Verse: f yō. aēnaŋhaiti. nō. kəhrpəm.::

Verse: a May he be unable to achieve with his demon-legs! Verse: b May he be unable to achieve with his evil hands! Verse: c May he not see the earth with his eyes! Verse: d May he not see the cow with his eyes! Verse: e He who violates our mind, Verse: f He who violates our body. zbaraϑaēibiia: D.du.n. ‘daēuua-legs’ < zbaraϑa- fratuiiā̊ : 2sg.pres.opt. (context wants 3sg.) ‘to be able to achieve by means of something’ gauuaēibiia: D.du.m. ‘hand (of evil beings)’ vaēnōit̰ : 3sg.pres.act.opt. ‘see’ aṣ̌ibiia: D.du. ‘eyes’ < aš- gąm: A.sg.m./f. ‘cow’ aēnaŋhaiti: 3sg.pres.act.ind. < aēnaŋha- ‘rape, violate’ kəhrpəm: A.sg.f. ‘body’ < kərəf-

Paragraph: 30 Verse: a paiti. ažōiš. zairitahe. Verse: b simahe. vīṣ̌ō.vaēpahe. Verse: c kəhrpəm. nāṣ̌əmnāi. aṣ̌aone. Verse: d haoma. zāire. vadarə. jaiδi:: Verse: e paiti. gaδahe. vīuuarəzdauuatō. Verse: f xruuīš́iiatō. zazarānō. Verse: g kəhrpəm. nāṣ̌əmnāi. aṣ̌aone. Verse: h haoma. zāire. vadarə. jaiδi.::

Verse: a Against the body of a golden dragon, Verse: b Terrible and poison-squirting, Verse: c For the truthful one who perishes(?) Verse: d O golden Haoma, strike your club! Verse: e Against the body of the burglar who has become great,

21 HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010)

Verse: f bloodthirsty and furious, Verse: g For the truthful one who perishes(?) Verse: h O golden Haoma, strike your club! ažōiš: G.sg.m. ‘serpent, dragon’ zairitahe: G.sg.m. ‘yellow, golden’ simahe: G.sg.m. ‘hideous, horrible, awful, terrible’ vīṣ̌ō.vaēpahe: G.sg.m. ‘poison-squirting’ nāṣ̌əmnāi aṣ̌aone: D.sg.aor.mid.part. & adj. ‘for the truthful one who perishes’ (unsatis. interpr.) vadarə: A.sg.n. ‘club’ (Skt. vadhar-) jaiδi: 2sg.pres.act.imptv. ‘strike!’ gaδahe: G.sg.m. gaδa- ‘robber’ vīuuarəzdauuatō: G.sg.m. < vīuuarəzdauuaṇt- ‘who has become great, mighty’ xruuīš́iiatō: G.sg.m. < xruuīš́iiaṇt- ‘bloodthirsty’ zazarānō: G.sg.m. < zazarān- ‘angry, wrathful, furious’

Paragraph: 31 Verse: a paiti. maš́iiehe. druuatō. sāstarš. Verse: b aiβi.vōiždaiiaṇtahe. kamərəδəm. Verse: c kəhrpəm. nāṣ̌əmnāi. aṣ̌aone. Verse: d haoma. zāire. vadarə. jaiδi:: Verse: e paiti. aṣ̌əmaoγahe. anaṣ̌aonō. Verse: f ahūm.mərəṇcō. aiŋ́hā̊ . daēnaiiā̊ . Verse: g mąs. vaca. daϑānahe. Verse: h nōit̰ . š́iiaoϑnāiš. apaiiaṇtahe. Verse: i kəhrpəm. nāṣ̌əmnāi. aṣ̌aone. Verse: j haoma. zāire. vadarə. jaiδi.::

Verse: a Against the (evil) head and body of the man who is a lie-possessed evil teacher, Verse: b who brings down a weapon, Verse: c For the truthful one who perishes(?), Verse: d O golden Haoma, strike your club! Verse: e Against the body of the unbelieving teacher of false doctrine, Verse: f who destroys the other existence, who has the words Verse: g of this religion in his thoughts. Verse: h (but) the (words) (do) not come with deeds(?), Verse: i For the truthful one who perishes(?), Verse: j O golden Haoma, strike your club! druuatō: G.sg.m. ‘possessed by the Lie, Lieful’ sāstarš: G.sg.m. < sāstar- ‘evil teacher, commander(?)’ aiβi.vōiždaiiaṇtahe: G.sg.m. < aiβi.vōiždaiiaṇta- ‘who brings a weapon’ kamərəδəm: A.sg.m. ‘(daēuua-)head’ aṣ̌əmaoγahe: G.sg.m. < aṣ̌əmaoγa- ‘teacher of the false doctrine’ anaṣ̌aonō: G.sg.m. < anaṣ̌auuan- ‘not believing in Aṣ̌a-, unbelieving’ ahūm.mərəṇcō: G.sg.m. < ahūm.mərəṇk- ‘who destroys the other existence’ aiŋ́hā̊ : G.sg.f. ‘this’ daēnaiiā̊ : G.sg.f.

22 HŌM-YAŠT (YASNA 9) – TRANSLATION AND PARSING WITH SPORADIC ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES MATTHEW SCARBOROUGH (INTRODUCTION TO OLD IRANIAN – FALL TERM 2010) apaiiaṇtahe: G.sg.m. Barth. “(Wörter) Nachkommen’

Paragraph: 32 Verse: a paiti. jahikaiiāi. yātumaitiiāi. Verse: b maoδanō.kairiiāi. upaštā.bairiiāi. Verse: c yeŋ́he. frafrauuaiti. manō. Verse: d yaϑa. aβrəm. vātō.ṣ̌ūtəm. Verse: e kəhrpəm. nāṣ̌əmnāi. aṣ̌aone. Verse: f haoma. zāire. vadarə. jaiδi:: Verse: g yat̰ . hē. kəhrpəm. nāṣ̌əmnāi. aṣ̌aone. Verse: h haoma. zāire. vadarə. jaiδi.::

Verse: a Against the body of the one who sways his mind forward, Verse: b To the the sorcery-possessed harlot, Verse: c Giving lust and bringing -?-, Verse: d Like a raincloud moving in the wind, Verse: e For the truthful one who perishes(?), Verse: f O golden Haoma, strike your club! Verse: g (Against) his body, for the truthful one who perishes(?), Verse: h O golden Haoma, strike your club!” jahikaiiāi: D.sg.f. ‘hooker, prostitute’ yātumaitiiāi: D.sg.f. ‘possessed by sorcery’ maoδanō.kairiiāi: D.sg.f. ‘preparing, giving lust’ upaštā.bairiiāi: D.sg.f. ‘bringing -?-‘ yeŋ́he: L.sg.f. frafrauuaiti: ‘stumbling, staggering, swaying forward’ aβrəm: A.sg.m. aβra- ‘raincloud’ vātō.ṣ̌ūtəm: A.sg.m. < vātō.ṣ̌ūt- ‘moving in the wind’