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The Seleucid Empire THE MARION COUNTY MANNA PROJECT offers a Printer Friendly Summary of THE SELEUCID EMPIRE The Seleucid Empire (1) existed from 312 BC to 63 BC. Alexander the Great (2), who had conquered just about everything there was to conquer, died in 323 BC without an heir to the Kingdom of Mace- donia (3). The power vacuum was filled by a collection of military commanders and rivals who had served under Alexander called the "Diadochi." They commenced to battle one another over charge of the Empire for a number of years. Ultimately, in 312 BC, one of Alexander's infantry generals named Seleucus I Nicator (4) took control of a massive portion of the Kingdom of Macedonia's eastern provinces from which he formed the Seleucid Empire. At the height of its power, the Empire included central Anatolia, Persia (5), Syria (6), Mesopotamia (7), and what is now Kuwait, Afghanistan, and parts of Pakistan and Turkmeni- stan. The official name of the Seleucid Empire was Asia, but the Romans referred to it as Syria. The Empire's expansion was followed by the loss of territory and then a subsequent revival with ad- ditional expansion. Due to frequent civil wars breaking out amongst internal factions while also fending off exterior threats and attacks, the Seleucid Empire weakened and was ultimately devoured as a Province of the rising Roman Empire (8) in 63 BC. (a) (b) (c) (d) A listing of Seleucid Kings is offered on pages 3-5. For topics closely related to the Seleucid Empire, consider exploring The Maccabean Revolt (9) and 400 Years of Silence (10). + + + + + + + + + If you're seeking additional information about Christianity on a more personal level, consider visit- ing a Christian Church here in Marion County (11). Introduce yourself to members and ask to speak with someone to learn more about Jesus. Surrendering your life to Christ (12) (e) is the most reward- ing and everlasting decision you'll ever make, and it's comforting to have someone guide you as you begin your new life as a child of the Most High! May God shower you with great favor in this en- deavor! + + + + + + + + + Footnotes, Page Credits and External Resources appear on page 2. Consider printing and sharing the offered PDF narrative and other listed resources with family, friends and strangers alike for use in Bible Studies (13), Home/Church Faith Sharing Groups (14), Discipleship Encounters (15) and/or Personal Faith Enrichment! Modifications are welcome at [email protected]. www.marionmannaproject.com/seleucid-empire 1 THE MARION COUNTY MANNA PROJECT THE SELEUCID EMPIRE FOOTNOTES: (1) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/seleucid-empire (2) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/alexander-the-great (3) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/macedonia (4) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/seleucus-i-nicator (5) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/persia (6) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/assyria (7) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/mesopotamia (8) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/rome (9) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/maccabean-revolt (10) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/400-years-of-silence (11) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/listing-by-city (12) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/the-gracious-visitor (13) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/bible-studies (14) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/christian-education (15) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/discipleship (16) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/antiochus-iv-epiphanes PAGE CREDITS: (a) Seleucid Empire, Livius, accessed June 23, 2020 https://www.livius.org/articles/dynasty/seleucids/ (b) Seleucid Kings, Livius, accessed June 23, 2020 https://www.livius.org/articles/dynasty/seleucids/seleucid-kings/ (c) Ancient History Encyclopedia, accessed June 23, 2020 https://www.ancient.eu/Seleucid_Empire/ (d) Seleucid Empire, Wikipedia, accessed June 23, 2020 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seleucid_Empire EXTERNAL RESOURCES: (e) How Do I Convert to Christianity?, Got Questions Ministries, accessed January 12, 2020 https://www.gotquestions.org/convert-to-Christianity.html www.marionmannaproject.com/seleucid-empire 2 THE MARION COUNTY MANNA PROJECT THE SELEUCID EMPIRE ** Due to rival kings and dynasties, some periods of reign overlap. Periods of reign are approximate. ** RULERS & PERIOD OF REIGN (BC) COMMENTS/NOTES Seleucus I Nicator 312-281 Babylon conquered in 312; Antioch founded in 301; (co-regent with son Antiochus I Soter) 291-281 Father/Son co-regency for 10 years Antiochus I Soter 281-261 Son of Seleucus I Nicator; Father of Antiochus II Theos; Defeats Gauls in Battle of the Elephants in 275 Antiochus II Theos 261-246 Son of Antiochus I Soter; Father of Seleucus II Callinicus; Consort was daughter of Ptolemy II of Egypt Seleucus II Callinicus 246-225 Son of Antiochus II Theos; Father of Seleucus III Ceraunus and Antiochus III the Great Seleucus III Ceraunus 225-223 Son of Seleucus II Callinicus; Brother of Antiochus III the Great; Assassinated by members of his own army Antiochus III the Great 223-187 Son of Seleucus II Callinicus; Brother of Seleucus III Ceraunus; (co-regent with son Antiochus) 210-193 Father to Antiochus (221-193) and Seleucus IV Philopator; Ousts Ptolemy V of Egypt from Judea and Samaria (198 BC) Seleucus IV Philopator 187-175 Son of Antiochus III the Great; Brother of Antiochus IV Epiphanes; Father of Antiochus and Demetrius I Soter; Ref: Daniel 11:20 & 2 Maccabees 3:2-3 Antiochus 175-170 Son of Seleucus IV Philopator; Brother of Demetrius I Soter; Nephew of Antiochus IV Epiphanes Antiochus IV Epiphanes (16) 175-164 Son of Antiochus III the Great; Brother of Seleucus IV Philopator; Father of Antiochus V Eupator and Alexander I Balas (?); Uncle of Antiochus and Demetrius I Soter; (168) Loots Second Temple; 40,000 Jews murdered; 40,000 more sold into slavery (2 Maccabees 5:11-27); (167) Orders an altar erected to Zeus in Second Temple, defiles the Altar, outlaws Judaism (2 Maccabees 6:1-11); (167-160) Persecution of Jews in Samaria and Judea leads to the Maccabean Revolt; (164) Jews recapture/rededicate the Second Temple (Hanukkah origin) (2 Maccabees 10:1-9) (164) Repents and seeks God before dying (2 Maccabees 9:1-29) Antiochus V Eupator 164-161 Son of Antiochus IV Epiphanes; (161) Roman Senate recognizes Jewish autonomy (1 Maccabees 8:17-20); Demetrius I Soter 161-150 Son of Seleucus IV Philopator; Father of Demetrius II Nicator and Ref: 1 Maccabees 7:1 Antiochus VII Sidetes; Nephew of Antiochus IV Epiphanes; Killed by Alexander I Balas (1 Maccabees 10:48-50) www.marionmannaproject.com/seleucid-empire 3 THE MARION COUNTY MANNA PROJECT THE SELEUCID EMPIRE ** Due to rival kings and dynasties, some periods of reign overlap. Periods of reign are approximate. ** RULERS & PERIOD OF REIGN (BC) COMMENTS/NOTES Alexander I Balas 150-145 Unconfirmed son of Antiochus IV Epiphanes; Killed Demetrius I Soter (1 Maccabees 10:48-50); Husband of Cleopatra Thea (1 Maccabees 10:51-58); Defeated at Battle of Antioch by Demetrius II Nicator; Decapitated by Zabdiel the Arabian (1 Maccabees 11:14-19) Demetrius II Nicator (first reign) 145-138 (1 Maccabees 11:14-19); Son of Demetrius I Soter; Brother of Antiochus VII Sidetes; Husband of Cleopatra Thea; Father of Seleucus V Philometor and Antiochus VIII Grypus Antiochus VI Dionysus (Epiphanes) 145-140 Son of Alexander Balas I & Cleopatra Thea; Becomes rival King (1 Maccabees 11:54) Assassinated by Diodotus Tryphon (1 Maccabees 13:31-33) Diodotus Tryphon 140-138 General and Regent under Antiochus VI Dionysus; assumed throne after assassinating him (1 Maccabees 13:31-33) Antiochus VII Sidetes (Euergetes) 138-129 Son of Demetrius I Soter; Brother of Demetrius II Nicator Half-Brother of Seleucus V Philometor and Antiochus VIII Grypus; (134) Besieges Jerusalem; Jews under John Hyrcanus become Seleucid vassals but retain religious autonomy. Demetrius II Nicator (2nd reign) 129-126 Son of Demetrius I Soter; Brother of Antiochus VII Sidetes; Father of Seleucus V Philometor and Antiochus VIII Grypus; Wife Cleopatra Thea instigated his death Alexander II Zabinas 129-123 Counter-King claiming to be son of Antiochus VII Ref: (2 Maccabees 1:1-10) Seleucus V Philometor 126-125 Son of Demetrius II Nicator & Cleopatra Thea; Half-Brother of Anti- ochus VIII Grypus and Antiochus VII Sidetes; (125) Murdered by his mother Cleopatra Thea 126-121 Daughter of Ptolemy VI of Egypt; Wife of 3 Kings (Alexander Balas (co-reign with Antiochus VIII Grypus) 125-121 I, Demetrius II Nicator & Antiochus VII Sidetes); Mother of 4 Kings (Antiochus VI Dionysus, Seleucus V Philometor, Antiochus VIII Grypus & Antiochus IX Cyzicenus) Ref: (2 Maccabees 1:1-10) Antiochus VIII Grypus 121-96 Son of Demetrius II Nicator; Brother of Seleucus V Philometor; Father of Seleucus VI Epiphanes Nicator, Antiochus XI Epiphanes Philadelphus, Philip I Philadelphus, Demetrius III Eucaerus and Antiochus XII Dionysus; Half-Brother of Seleucus V Philometor and Antiochus VII Sidetes; (121) Poisoned co-regent mother Cleopatra Thea; (96) Murdered by his minister Heracleon in 96 www.marionmannaproject.com/seleucid-empire 4 THE MARION COUNTY MANNA PROJECT THE SELEUCID EMPIRE ** Due to rival kings and dynasties, some periods of reign overlap. Periods of reign are approximate. ** RULERS & PERIOD OF REIGN (BC) COMMENTS/NOTES Antiochus IX Cyzicenus 114-96 Son of Cleopatra Thea; Father of Antiochus X Eusebes Philopator; Uncle of Philip I Philadelphus and Seleucus VI Epiphanes Nicator; Killed by Seleucus VI Epiphanes Nicator Seleucus VI Epiphanes Nicator 96-95 Son of Antiochus VIII Grypus; Brother of Demetrius III Eucaerus,
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