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Alternate History – Alternate Memory: Counterfactual Literature in the Context of German Normalization
ALTERNATE HISTORY – ALTERNATE MEMORY: COUNTERFACTUAL LITERATURE IN THE CONTEXT OF GERMAN NORMALIZATION by GUIDO SCHENKEL M.A., Freie Universität Berlin, 2006 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (German Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) April 2012 © Guido Schenkel, 2012 ABSTRACT This dissertation examines a variety of Alternate Histories of the Third Reich from the perspective of memory theory. The term ‘Alternate History’ describes a genre of literature that presents fictional accounts of historical developments which deviate from the known course of hi story. These allohistorical narratives are inherently presentist, meaning that their central question of “What If?” can harness the repertoire of collective memory in order to act as both a reflection of and a commentary on contemporary social and political conditions. Moreover, Alternate Histories can act as a form of counter-memory insofar as the counterfactual mode can be used to highlight marginalized historical events. This study investigates a specific manifestation of this process. Contrasted with American and British examples, the primary focus is the analysis of the discursive functions of German-language counterfactual literature in the context of German normalization. The category of normalization connects a variety of commemorative trends in postwar Germany aimed at overcoming the legacy of National Socialism and re-formulating a positive German national identity. The central hypothesis is that Alternate Histories can perform a unique task in this particular discursive setting. In the context of German normalization, counterfactual stories of the history of the Third Reich are capable of functioning as alternate memories, meaning that they effectively replace the memory of real events with fantasies that are better suited to serve as exculpatory narratives for the German collective. -
Paul Touvier and the Crime Against Humanity'
Paul Touvier and the Crime Against Humanity' MICHAEL E. TIGARt SUSAN C. CASEYtt ISABELLE GIORDANItM SIVAKUMAREN MARDEMOOTOOt Hi SUMMARY I. INTRODUCTION ............................................... 286 II. VICHY FRANCE: THE BACKGROUND ................................ 286 III. TOUVIER'S ROLE IN VICHY FRANCE ................................ 288 IV. THE CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY ................................. 291 A The August 1945 Charter ................................... 291 B. The French Penal Code .................................... 293 C. The Barbie Case: Too Clever by Half ........................... 294 V. THE TouviER LITIGATION ....................................... 296 A The Events SurroundingTouvier's Captureand the PretrialLegal Battle ... 296 B. Touvier's Day in Court ..................................... 299 VI. LEGAL ANALYSIS: THE STATE AGENCY DILEMMA.. ...................... 304 VII. CONCLUSION ............................................... 309 " The idea for this essay began at a discussion of the Touvier trial with Professor Tigar's students at the Facut de Droit at Aix-en-Provence, with the assistance of Professor Andr6 Baldous. Ms. Casey provided further impetus for it by her research assistance on international human rights issues, and continued with research and editorial work as the essay developed. Ms. Giordani researched French law and procedure and obtained original sources. Mr. Mardemootoo worked on further research and assisted in formulating the issues. The translations of most French materials were initially done by Professor Tigar and reviewed by Ms. Giordani and Mr. Mardemootoo. As we were working on the project, the Texas InternationalLaw Journaleditors told us of Ms. Finkelstein's article, and we decided to turn our effort into a complementary piece that drew some slightly different conclusions. if Professor of Law and holder of the Joseph D. Jamail Centennial Chair in Law, The University of Texas School of Law. J# J.D. -
2021 International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust
Glasses of those murdered at Auschwitz Birkenau Nazi German concentration and death camp (1941-1945). © Paweł Sawicki, Auschwitz Memorial 2021 INTERNATIONAL DAY OF COMMEMORATION IN MEMORY OF THE VICTIMS OF THE HOLOCAUST Programme WEDNESDAY, 27 JANUARY 2021 11:00 A.M.–1:00 P.M. EST 17:00–19:00 CET COMMEMORATION CEREMONY Ms. Melissa FLEMING Under-Secretary-General for Global Communications MASTER OF CEREMONIES Mr. António GUTERRES United Nations Secretary-General H.E. Mr. Volkan BOZKIR President of the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly Ms. Audrey AZOULAY Director-General of UNESCO Ms. Sarah NEMTANU and Ms. Deborah NEMTANU Violinists | “Sorrow” by Béla Bartók (1945-1981), performed from the crypt of the Mémorial de la Shoah, Paris. H.E. Ms. Angela MERKEL Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany KEYNOTE SPEAKER Hon. Irwin COTLER Special Envoy on Preserving Holocaust Remembrance and Combatting Antisemitism, Canada H.E. Mr. Gilad MENASHE ERDAN Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations H.E. Mr. Richard M. MILLS, Jr. Acting Representative of the United States to the United Nations Recitation of Memorial Prayers Cantor JULIA CADRAIN, Central Synagogue in New York El Male Rachamim and Kaddish Dr. Irene BUTTER and Ms. Shireen NASSAR Holocaust Survivor and Granddaughter in conversation with Ms. Clarissa WARD CNN’s Chief International Correspondent 2 Respondents to the question, “Why do you feel that learning about the Holocaust is important, and why should future generations know about it?” Mr. Piotr CYWINSKI, Poland Mr. Mark MASEKO, Zambia Professor Debórah DWORK, United States Professor Salah AL JABERY, Iraq Professor Yehuda BAUER, Israel Ms. -
Serge Klarsfeld
Grand Oral Serge 1984 - 2014 1984 KLARSFELD • Écrivain, historien et avocat, président de l’Association des Fils et Filles des Déportés Juifs de France, vice- président de la Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Shoah 30 ANS DE RENCONTRES 30 DE RENCONTRES ANS en partenariat avec le Mémorial de la Shoah et la librairie Mollat « Jury » présidé par Bernadette DUBOURG, Journaliste à Sud Ouest Jeudi 4 décembre 2014 1984 - 2014 17h00 – 19h00 • Amphi Montesquieu • Sciences Po Bordeaux 330 ANS0 INTRODUCTION Les Rencontres Sciences Po/Sud Ouest ont pour vocation de faire découvrir, à l’occasion de leurs Grands Oraux, des personnalités dont le parcours et l’œuvre sont dignes d’intérêt et parfois même tout à fait exceptionnels. Avec Serge Klarsfeld nous sommes face à un engagement exceptionnel qui constitue l’œuvre d’une vie : la poursuite des criminels nazis et de leurs complices et un travail patient, fastidieux de mémoire pour reconstituer l’identité et l’itinéraire des 76 000 déportés Juifs de France. Telle est l’œuvre de cet avocat, historien qui préside l’association des Fils et Filles des Déportés Juifs de France. Cette quête de vérité l’a poussé avec sa femme, Beate, à traquer par tous les moyens d’anciens nazis comme Klaus Barbie et à dépouiller inlassablement les archives. Une vie de combat obstiné pour que soient jugés à Cologne en 1979, Kurt Lischka, Herbert Hagen , Ernst Heinrichsohn, trois des principaux responsables de la Solution finale en France, que soient inculpés les Français René Bousquet ou Jean Leguay et jugé et condamné Maurice Papon en avril 1998 pour complicité de crime contre l’humanité. -
Didáctica Lengua Y Cultura
ISSN 2007-7319 DIDÁCTICA LENGUA Y CULTURA REVISTA ELECTRÓNICA DEPARTAMENTO DE LENGUAS MODERNAS UNIVERSIDAD DE GUADALAJARA ÚMERO N , JULIO/DICIEMBRE 2015 3 O Ñ A 6 Verbum et Lingua, Año 3, No. Rector general 6, julio-diciembre 2015, es una Mtro. Itzcóatl Tonatiuh Centro Universitario de Ciencias SocialesPlanter Pérez y Humanidades publicación semestral editada por Bravo Padilla Rector Directora de la División la Universidad de Guadalajara, Vicerrector ejecutivo Dr. Héctor Raúl Solís Gadea de Estudios Históricos y a través del Departamento de Dr. Miguel Ángel Secretaria académica Humanos Lenguas Modernas por la División de Navarro Navarro Dra. María Guadalupe Dra. Lilia V. Oliver Sánchez Estudios Históricos y Humanos del Secretario general Moreno González Jefa del Departamento de CUCSH; Guanajuato No. 1045, Col. Mtro. José Alfredo Secretaria administrativa Lenguas Modernas Alcalde Barranquitas, planta baja, Peña Ramos Mtra. Karla Alejandrina Mtra. Dora Melendez Vizcarra C.P. 44260. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, tel. (33) 38 19 33 00 ext. 23351, 23364 y 23555, http:// Consejo asesor Autónoma de México www.verbumetlingua.cucsh. udg. Dr. Gerardo Gutiérrez Cham Dra. Karen Pupp Spinassé mx, [email protected]. Editor Universidad de Guadalajara Universidade Federal do Rio responsable: Norberto Ramírez Directores Dr. Michael Dobstadt Grande do Sul Barba. Reservas de Derechos al uso Sara Quintero Ramírez Universidad de Leipzig Prof. Dr. Erwin Tschirner exclusivo 04-2013-081214035300- Gerrard Mugford Dr. Peter Ecke Universidad de Leipzig 203, ISSN: 2007-7319, otorgados Olivia C. Díaz Pérez Universidad de Arizona Dr. Alfredo Urzúa por el Instituto Nacional de Prof. Dr. Christian Fandrych Universidad de Texas Derechos de Autor. Responsable Editor responsable Universidad de Leipzig Dr. -
Symbolic Revenge in Holocaust Child Survivors Nancy Isserman
D 7 SYMBOLIC REVENGE IN HOLOCAUST CHILD SURVIVORS Nancy Isserman Introduction The attitudes of Holocaust survivors toward their persecutors present an intriguing subject for exploration. One component of the attitudes expressed is revenge. The concept of revenge is pervasive throughout literature, religious and legal writings, and history. Revenge is also considered a subset of political intolerance. Research on intolerance has been linked to age, education, and religious affiliation, among other demographic factors.1 Political intolerance is associated with low education, older age, rural residence, and fundamentalist reli- gious affiliation.2 My recent qualitative research found a connection between family-of-origin relationships and intolerance.3 Survivors who evidenced positive relationships with their family-of-origin caregivers also demonstrated tolerant attitudes toward the perpetrators of the genocide; conversely, survivors who had troubled relationships with their family-of-origin caregivers expressed intolerance toward the perpetrators.4 The Oxford Dictionaries online define revenge as both concrete and symbolic. The concrete definition incorporates physical behavior: “The action of inflicting hurt or harm on someone for an injury or wrong suffered at their hands.”5 Examples of concrete revenge are found in Holocaust survivor narratives during the later years of the war and immediately afterward. The most famous example of concrete revenge is Abba Kovner, who believed that “the Jews must seek revenge, answering a crime that could not be answered.”6 In the spring of 1945 he declared, “Yes, the War is over, but no, not for the Germans; it is time for the Germans to suffer; the Germans, who killed the Jews, must now pay with their own lives,”7 and quoted Psalm 94 in which God is called on to take revenge on the enemies of Israel. -
Klaus Barbie Pre-Trial Records
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt509nf111 No online items Inventory of the Klaus Barbie pre-trial records Finding aid prepared by Josh Giglio. Hoover Institution Archives 434 Galvez Mall Stanford University Stanford, CA, 94305-6010 (650) 723-3563 [email protected] © 2008, 2014 Inventory of the Klaus Barbie 95008 1 pre-trial records Title: Klaus Barbie pre-trial records Date (inclusive): 1943-1985 Collection Number: 95008 Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Archives Language of the Materials : In French and German. Physical Description: 8 manuscript boxes(3.2 linear feet) Abstract: Trial instruction, including depositions and exhibits, in the case of Klaus Barbie before the Tribunal de grande instance de Lyon, relating to German war crimes in France during World War II. Photocopy. Physical Location: Hoover Institution Archives Creator: Barbie, Klaus, 1913- , defendant. Access Collection is open for research. The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to copies of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives. Acquisition Information Acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives in 1995. Accruals Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . -
Dossier Néo-Nazisme Du Même Auteur
DOSSIER NÉO-NAZISME DU MÊME AUTEUR Aux Éditions Alain Moreau, Paris: Dossier B... comme Barbouzes (traduction grecque: Didimi, Athènes). En préparation: Les Dossiers secrets du Narcotic Bureau. Rawa-Ruska, camp de représailles. Patrice Chairoff DOSSIER NÉO-NAZISME Préface de Beate Klarsfeld Éditions Ramsay 27, Rue de Fleurus 75006 Paris La loi du 11 mars 1957 n'autorisant, aux termes des alinéas 2 et 3 de l'article 41, d une part, que les « copies ou reproductions strictement réservées à l'usage privé du copiste et d'exemple à une d'illustration, collective » et, d'autre part, que les analyses et les courtes citations dans un but d exemple et d illustration, « toute représentation ou reproduction intégrale, ou partielle, faite sans le consentement de 1 auteur et de ses cause ou sanctionnée par les articles 425 et suivants du Code Pénal. Éditions Ramsay, 1977 ISBN 2-85956-030-0 A Minerve et Moussia et à tous leurs camarades du réseau Phratrie, s/r Brick. P.C. PRÉFACE Dès sa parution, cet ouvrage sera certainement pillé. Il le sera par de soi-disant experts du nazisme qui trouveront commode de s'en inspirer plus ou moins discrètement pour leurs rapports de synthèse. Il le sera par les spécialistes à la chaîne du roman policier ou d'es- pionnage qui en retireront mille fils pour leurs intrigues en y ajoutant la couleur locale des dépliants touristiques et l'érotisme de com- mande. Ajoutons qu'il sera plagié en de nombreuses langues étrangères, le destin des criminels nazis et la menace néo-nazie constituant tou- jours un bon sujet international d'actualité. -
Año XVII · Nº 35 · Noviembre De 2011
Año XVII · Nº 35 · Noviembre de 2011 El Museo del Holocausto de Buenos Aires es miembro de la delegación argentina de la ITF* * Task Force for International Cooperation in Holocaust Education, Remembrance and Research. Grupo de Trabajo para la Cooperación Internacional en Educación, Rememoración e Investigación del Holocausto. Nuestra Memoria Consejo de Administración 2011/2013 Año XVII, Nº 35, noviembre de 2011 CONSEJO EDITORIAL Presidente fundador Gilbert Lewi Z’L Directora Lic. Sima Milmaniene Presidente Alejandro Dosoretz Vicepresidentes Claudio Avruj Asesor de contenidos José Menascé Prof. Abraham Zylberman Sima Milmaniene Ariel Wilner Secretaría técnica Secretario General Marcelo Glasman Sra. Julia Juhasz Prosecretarios Susana Rochwerger Consejo Académico Marcos Neugovsen Dra. Graciela Ben Dror Tesorero Jorge Friedman Dr. Mario Feferbaum Protesoreros Benjamín Teitelbaum Dr. Yossi Goldstein Jaime Machabanski Prof. Avraham Milgram Dr. Daniel Rafecas Revisores de Cuentas Manuel Kobryniec Dr. Leonardo Senkman Carlos Weinmann Dr. Arnoldo Siperman Vocales Mónica Dawidowicz Enrique Dychter Producción Nusha Gotlib Lic. Claudio Gustavo Goldman Eva Rosenthal Eugenia Unger Nuestra Memoria es una publicación Daniel Banet de la Fundación Memoria del Dalia Dardik Holocausto. Las colaboraciones Samuel Gliksberg firmadas expresan la opinión de sus Fernando Kiguel autores, declinando la institución toda Marisa Koifman responsabilidad sobre los conceptos Marcelo Lapajufker y/o contenidos de los mismos. Daniel Mintzer Deborah Shayo Imagen de tapa Sixto Stolovitzky Edificio sede de la Conferencia de Guillermo Yanco Wannsee, 20/1/1942. Directora Ejecutiva Graciela N. de Jinich Concepto y diseño de tapa Esteban Javier Rico, Grupo KPR Impresión Mimeográfica Se imprimieron 1.000 ejemplares de esta ISSN: 1667-7382 edición. Sumario 7 El etnicismo político y la exclusión del judío. -
Destruction and Human Remains
Destruction and human remains HUMAN REMAINS AND VIOLENCE Destruction and human remains Destruction and Destruction and human remains investigates a crucial question frequently neglected in academic debate in the fields of mass violence and human remains genocide studies: what is done to the bodies of the victims after they are killed? In the context of mass violence, death does not constitute Disposal and concealment in the end of the executors’ work. Their victims’ remains are often treated genocide and mass violence and manipulated in very specific ways, amounting in some cases to true social engineering with often remarkable ingenuity. To address these seldom-documented phenomena, this volume includes chapters based Edited by ÉLISABETH ANSTETT on extensive primary and archival research to explore why, how and by whom these acts have been committed through recent history. and JEAN-MARC DREYFUS The book opens this line of enquiry by investigating the ideological, technical and practical motivations for the varying practices pursued by the perpetrator, examining a diverse range of historical events from throughout the twentieth century and across the globe. These nine original chapters explore this demolition of the body through the use of often systemic, bureaucratic and industrial processes, whether by disposal, concealment, exhibition or complete bodily annihilation, to display the intentions and socio-political frameworks of governments, perpetrators and bystanders. A NST Never before has a single publication brought together the extensive amount of work devoted to the human body on the one hand and to E mass violence on the other, and until now the question of the body in TTand the context of mass violence has remained a largely unexplored area. -
Literature of the Holocaust Perpetrator. a Comparative Literary Analysis of Jonathan Littell's
LITERATURE OF THE HOLOCAUST PERPETRATOR. A COMPARATIVE LITERARY ANALYSIS OF JONATHAN LITTELL’S “THE KINDLY ONES” WITH GERMAN VÄTERLITERATUR (FATHER LITERATURE). _______________________________________________________________ A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Arts in German in the University of Canterbury by Claudia Schnippering University of Canterbury 2014 Contents Acknowledgements Abstract Aims of thesis……………………………………..…………………………….……………. 2 1 Overview and concepts of perpetrator literature (by historians and fictional) and Väterliteratur…………………………………………………………………………………. 6 2 Individual texts……………………………………………………………………………. 16 2.1. Peter Schneider “Vati”…………………………………………………………………. 16 2.1.1. Author background…………………………………………………………………… 16 2.1.2. Perpetrator background………………………………………………………………. 16 2.1.3. Content and style……………………………………………………………………... 18 2.1.4. The father perpetrator and the son……………………………………………………. 19 2.1.5. Summary/Conclusion.................................................................................................... 29 2.2. Niklas Frank “Mein Vater. Eine Abrechnung”................................................................ 32 2.2.1. Author background…………………………………………………………………… 32 2.2.2. Perpetrator background………………………………………………………………. 33 2.2.3. Content and style……………………………………………………………….…….. 34 2.2.4. The father perpetrator and the son……………………………………………….…… 37 2.2.5. Summary/Conclusion………………………………………………………………… 44 2.3. Martin Pollack “Der Tote im Bunker”............................................................................ -
Why Do Genocides Happen? How Did the Nazis Try to Kill All European
Why do genocides happen? 2.4a In this lesson How did the Nazis try to you will: kill all European Jews? ■ explore what When they joined the German army, some officers might never have imagined they happened to Jews would order the shooting of defenceless women and children. But from 1941 to ■ The Nazi Party under Nazi control 1945 many did; they saw it as their duty to ensure that the German nation survived. controlled the media – newspapers, radio and ■ use pictorial cinema. It produced lots of anti-Semitic information to Sowing seeds of hatred propaganda like this investigate a problem. Source a is clear evidence of just one act of murder. The Nazis, and those film, The Eternal Jew. who they got to help them, killed 6 million people, mostly Jewish men, women and children, between 1939 and 1945. In fact, the Nazis wanted to ■ Anti-Semitism was taught at school, especially in history and biology lessons. Here, two Jewish children are forced to stand by a blackboard that Weigh the evidence! kill all 11 million Jews in Europe. It is very difficult to understand the reason reads ‘The Jews are our greatest enemy! Beware of Jews.’ Jewish children for this. Germany was a modern country with an educated population. were eventually excluded from German schools in 1938. 2 Look again at sources b–e. Which two do you What caused some otherwise ordinary people to become killers? Anti-Semitism think give the best evidence that Nazis were trying Hatred of Jews. There were a number of ways in which the Nazi government tried to to make ordinary Germans hate the Jews? As you encourage anti-Semitism between 1933 and 1945, including: make your decision remember to think about: Deportation ● the content of the source Forced removal from your ● propaganda In pairs, look at ? ● the nature, origin and purpose of the source.