The Mississippians
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Alternative Histories and North American Archaeology
PAU01 9/17/2004 8:32 PM Page 1 1 Alternative Histories and North American Archaeology Timothy R. Pauketat and Diana DiPaolo Loren North America is one immense outdoor museum, telling a story that covers 9 million square miles and 25,000 years (Thomas 2000a:viii) The chapters in this volume highlight the story of a continent, from the Atlantic to Alaska, from the San Luis mission to Sonora, and from the Kennewick man of nine millennia ago to the Colorado coalfield strikes of nine decades ago (Figure 1.1). Given the considerable span of time and vastness of space, the reader might already be wondering: what holds North American archaeology together? Unlike other por- tions of the world, it is not the study of the sequential rise and fall of ancient states and empires that unified peoples into a people with a single writing system, calen- dar, or economy. No, North America is, and was, all about alternative histories. It is about peoples in the plural. Peoples did things differently in North America. They made their own histories, sometimes forgotten, subverted, and controversial but never outside the purview of archaeology. Yet, in their plurality, the North Americans of the past show us the commonalities of the human experience.The inimitable ways in which people made history in North America hold profound lessons for understanding the sweep of global history, if not also for comprehending the globalizing world in which we find ourselves today. That is, like all good yarns, there is a moral to this archaeological allegory: what people did do or could do matters significantly in the construction of the collective futures of all people. -
View / Open Gregory Oregon 0171N 12796.Pdf
CHUNKEY, CAHOKIA, AND INDIGENOUS CONFLICT RESOLUTION by ANNE GREGORY A THESIS Presented to the Conflict and Dispute Resolution Program and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science June 2020 THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Student: Anne Gregory Title: Chunkey, Cahokia, and Indigenous Conflict Resolution This thesis has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science degree in the Conflict and Dispute Resolution Program by: Kirby Brown Chair Eric Girvan Member and Kate Mondloch Interim Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2020. ii © 2020 Anne Gregory This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (United States) License. iii THESIS ABSTRACT Anne Gregory Master of Science Conflict and Dispute Resolution June 2020 Title: Chunkey, Cahokia, and Indigenous Conflicts Resolution Chunkey, a traditional Native American sport, was a form of conflict resolution. The popular game was one of several played for millennia throughout Native North America. Indigenous communities played ball games not only for the important culture- making of sport and recreation, but also as an act of peace-building. The densely populated urban center of Cahokia, as well as its agricultural suburbs and distant trade partners, were dedicated to chunkey. Chunkey is associated with the milieu surrounding the Pax Cahokiana (1050 AD-1200 AD), an era of reduced armed conflict during the height of Mississippian civilization (1000-1500 AD). The relational framework utilized in archaeology, combined with dynamics of conflict resolution, provides a basis to explain chunkey’s cultural impact. -
Cultural Affiliation Statement for Buffalo National River
CULTURAL AFFILIATION STATEMENT BUFFALO NATIONAL RIVER, ARKANSAS Final Report Prepared by María Nieves Zedeño Nicholas Laluk Prepared for National Park Service Midwest Region Under Contract Agreement CA 1248-00-02 Task Agreement J6068050087 UAZ-176 Bureau of Applied Research In Anthropology The University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85711 June 1, 2008 Table of Contents and Figures Summary of Findings...........................................................................................................2 Chapter One: Study Overview.............................................................................................5 Chapter Two: Cultural History of Buffalo National River ................................................15 Chapter Three: Protohistoric Ethnic Groups......................................................................41 Chapter Four: The Aboriginal Group ................................................................................64 Chapter Five: Emigrant Tribes...........................................................................................93 References Cited ..............................................................................................................109 Selected Annotations .......................................................................................................137 Figure 1. Buffalo National River, Arkansas ........................................................................6 Figure 2. Sixteenth Century Polities and Ethnic Groups (after Sabo 2001) ......................47 -
Households and Changing Use of Space at the Transitional Early Mississippian Austin Site
University of Mississippi eGrove Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2019 Households and Changing Use of Space at the Transitional Early Mississippian Austin Site Benjamin Garrett Davis University of Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Davis, Benjamin Garrett, "Households and Changing Use of Space at the Transitional Early Mississippian Austin Site" (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1570. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/1570 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HOUSEHOLDS AND CHANGING USE OF SPACE AT THE TRANSITIONAL EARLY MISSISSIPPIAN AUSTIN SITE A Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology University of Mississippi by BENJAMIN GARRETT DAVIS May 2019 ABSTRACT The Austin Site (22TU549) is a village site located in Tunica County, Mississippi dating to approximately A.D. 1150-1350, along the transition from the Terminal Late Woodland to the Mississippian period. While Elizabeth Hunt’s (2017) masters thesis concluded that the ceramics at Austin emphasized a Late Woodland persistence, the architecture and use of space at the site had yet to be analyzed. This study examines this architecture and use of space over time at Austin to determine if they display evidence of increasing institutionalized inequality. This included creating a map of Austin based on John Connaway’s original excavation notes, and then analyzing this map within the temporal context of the upper Yazoo Basin. -
1 Oral Pathological Conditions in Early Postcontact Guale, St
Oral Pathological Conditions in Early Postcontact Guale, St. Catherines Island, Georgia Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Kendra Susan Weinrich, B.S. Graduate Program in Anthropology The Ohio State University 2020 Thesis Committee Dr. Clark Spencer Larsen, Advisor Dr. Debra Guatelli-Steinberg Dr. Mark Hubbe 1 Copyrighted by Kendra Susan Weinrich 2020 2 Abstract Situated within the broader context of oral health preceding and proceeding Spanish contact, documentation of oral pathological conditions in Guale individuals from the pre-Spanish mission Fallen Tree site, St. Catherines Island, Georgia, provides a record of oral health during initial Spanish contact. Oral pathological conditions, including dental caries, periodontal disease (PD), antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), and abscesses, reflect the outcome of multifaceted behavioral and biological circumstances and provide insight into individual and community-based oral health trends. This thesis tests the hypotheses that age-at-death, sex, and/or tooth class correlate directly with presence and severity of dental caries, PD, AMTL, and abscesses in Guale individuals (n=56) from Fallen Tree. Situated in the larger context of Guale oral health, this thesis predicts higher rates of oral pathological conditions in the Fallen Tree community and declining oral health during Spanish contact. Results from chi-square analyses revealed significant relationships between: 1) age and all oral pathology; 2) sex and dental caries and PD; and 3) tooth class and dental caries and AMTL. Results from a binomial logit generalized linear model revealed significant relationships between sex and dental caries by tooth (p≤0.05). -
Monks Mound—Center of the Universe? by John Mcclarey
GUEST ESSAY Monks Mound—Center of the universe? By John McClarey hyperbole or a facsimile? I think the case can be made that Monks Mound and the entire Alayout of this ancient metropolis in the H American Bottom near East St. Louis was a facsimile or model of Cahokia’s place in the cosmos, similar to the Black Hills as a “mirror or heaven” or the heart of all that is.” These are good metaphors to describe Cahokia’s center in the three-layer cake concept of the universe—the Underworld, the Earth, and the Sky. Cahokia by the 12th century B.C.E., was the place for people to connect with the spirits of this sacred sphere. In this article I will identify the sacred elements that made this place special to local and non-local populations and the role of the Birdman chiefs, priests, and shamans to interpret this unique place as a center in a larger world. Additionally, I identify the similarities of Cahokia as a a sacred place to other societies at different times and places. My fascination with Cahokia Mounds developed over a period of time with many visits from the early 1970s to the present. Briefly, Cahokia was the largest America city north of Mexico before the coming of the Europeans in the 15th cen- tury. It is believed that Cahokia was a political, religious, and economic center for perhaps as many as 500,000 Indians in the Mississippi Valley. It was a planned city with everything the world and in all religions, but the focus here is on the laid out on the cardinal points on the compass, Monks Cahokia Mounds in southern Illinois and cross culture Mound, the largest mound at the center, served as the official comparisons, Cahokia’s unique story includes the cruciform residence of the Great Sun god or Birdman deity. -
Indian Place-Names in Mississippi. Lea Leslie Seale Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1939 Indian Place-Names in Mississippi. Lea Leslie Seale Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Seale, Lea Leslie, "Indian Place-Names in Mississippi." (1939). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 7812. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/7812 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MANUSCRIPT THESES Unpublished theses submitted for the master^ and doctorfs degrees and deposited in the Louisiana State University Library are available for inspection* Use of any thesis is limited by the rights of the author* Bibliographical references may be noted3 but passages may not be copied unless the author has given permission# Credit must be given in subsequent written or published work# A library which borrows this thesis for vise by its clientele is expected to make sure that the borrower is aware of the above restrictions, LOUISIANA. STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 119-a INDIAN PLACE-NAMES IN MISSISSIPPI A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisian© State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In The Department of English By Lea L # Seale M* A*, Louisiana State University* 1933 1 9 3 9 UMi Number: DP69190 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. -
The Late Mississippian Period (AD 1350-1500) - Draft
SECTION IV: The Mississippian Period in Tennessee Chapter 12: The Late Mississippian Period (AD 1350-1500) - Draft By Michaelyn Harle, Shannon D. Koerner, and Bobby R. Braly 1 Introduction Throughout the Mississippian world this time period appears to be a time of great social change. In eastern Tennessee, Dallas Phase sites further elaborated on the Mississippian lifeway, becoming highly organized and home to political leaders. Settlements were sometimes quite extensive (i.e., the Dallas, Toqua, and Ledford Island sites with deep middens, often a palisade wall, sometimes with bastions, densely packed domestic structures, and human interments throughout the village area and also in mounds. Elsewhere in the region, there is evidence that much of West Tennessee and parts of the Cumberland-Tennessee valley were either abandoned by Mississippian societies or so fundamentally reorganized that they were rendered archaeologically invisible. This abandonment appears to be part of a larger regional trend of large portions of the Central Mississippi Valley, often referred to as the vacant quarter. A number of motives for this abandonment have been provided including the dissolution of Cahokia, increased intra- regional warfare, and environmental shifts associated with the onslaught of the Little Ice Age (Meeks 2006; Cobb and Butler 2002; Williams 1983, 1990). This two sides of the continium is important since it gives us a more microscopic glimpse of what was being played out in the larger pan-Mississippian stage. Regional and temporal refinements that are currently in progress gives us a unique perspective into the similarities and differences in which Tennessee Mississippian societies reacted to this unstable period. -
Teacher's Guide to Florida's
Teacher’s Guide to Florida’s Native People Inquiry Boxes: Museum on the move FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SW 34th Street & Hull Road on the University of Florida campus, Gainesville, FL Monday – Saturday 10 a.m. – 5 p.m. • Sunday & Holidays 1 p.m. – 5 p.m. (352) 846-2000 ext. 214 • www.flmnh.ufl.edu 2 www.flmnh.ufl.edu © 2002 Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida This Teacher’s Guide is made possible by a grant from the Department of State, Division of Historical Resources, Historical Museums Grants-in-Aid Program Acknowledgments This guide was produced by the Florida Museum of Natural History under the direction of Marilyn M. Roberts, Education Programs Coordinator Graphic Designer . .Pat Klaus Writer and Copy Editor . .Jeanne Chamberlin Writer and Copy Editor . .Darcie MacMahon Copy Editor . .Dr. Betty Dunckel Camp Museum Artist . .Merald Clark Museum Photographers . .Jeff Gage, Tammy Johnson Seminole Photographers . .Ernie Tiger, Elrod Bowers Seminole Graphic Designer . .Melissa Sherman Canoe Race Illustration . .Andrew Works Cover Illustration . .Allen Cheuvront Florida Heritage Education Program, Department of State, Division of Historical Resources In addition, I would like to thank the following people at FLMHH for their contributions to the Museum on the Move: Inquiry Boxes program: Dr. Douglas S. Jones, FLMNH Director Division of Exhibits and Public Programs Kurt Auffenberg • Jeannette Carlisle • Brian Chamberlain Ron Chesser • Lorraine Duerden • Susan Jarzen Dale Johnson • Tom Kyne • Robert Leavy Dr. Bruce J. MacFadden • John Patterson • Erika Simons • Charlene Smith FLMNH Volunteers and Docents Division of Collections and Research Sarah Brix • Richard Franz • Dr. David M. -
The Underwater Archaeology of Paleolandscapes, Apalachee Bay, Florida Author(S): Michael K
Society for American Archaeology The Underwater Archaeology of Paleolandscapes, Apalachee Bay, Florida Author(s): Michael K. Faught Source: American Antiquity, Vol. 69, No. 2 (Apr., 2004), pp. 275-289 Published by: Society for American Archaeology Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4128420 Accessed: 14-09-2016 18:19 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4128420?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms Society for American Archaeology is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Antiquity This content downloaded from 131.247.112.3 on Wed, 14 Sep 2016 18:19:45 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms REPORTSX THE UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGY OF PALEOLANDSCAPES, APALACHEE BAY, FLORIDA Michael K. Faught Submerged prehistoric sites investigated in northwest Florida along the margins of the drowned Aucilla River channel (or PaleoAucilla) extend our understanding ofprehistoric settlement patterns and paleolandscape utilization. Bifacial and uni- facial tools indicate Late Paleoindian and Early Archaic logistical activities at these sites, as well as later Middle Archaic occupations. -
Occupation Polygons
Polygon Date & Period Archaeological Phase Cultural - Historical Source & Comment Hist or Arch Pop & Sites Group Estimate 1 early 16th century Little Tennessee site 16th century Chiaha mid-16th century, Little Tennessee site cluster cluster and sites 7-19 and sites 7-19, Hally et al. 1990:Fig. 9.1; 16th century, Chiaha, three populations, Smith 1989:Fig. 1; mid-16th century, Little Tennessee cluster plus additional sites, Smith, 2000:Fig. 18 2 early 16th century Hiwassee site cluster mid-16th century, Hiwassee site cluster, Hally et al. 1990:Fig. 9.1; 16th century, Smith 1989:Fig. 1; mid-16th century, Hiwassee cluster, Smith, 2000:Fig. 18 3 early 16th century Chattanooga site cluster 16th century Napochies mid-16th century, Chattanooga site cluster, Hally et al. 1990:Fig. 9.1; 16th century Napochies, Smith 1989:Fig. 1; mid-16th century, Chattanooga site cluster, Smith, 2000:Fig. 18 4 early 16th century Carters site cluster; 16th century Coosa mid-16th century, Carters site cluster, Hally et al. X Barnett phase 1990:Fig. 9.1; Barnett phase, Hally and Rudolph 1986:Fig. 15; 16th century Coosa, Smith 1989:Fig. 1; mid-16th century, Carters site cluster, Smith, 2000:Fig. 18 5 early 16th century Cartersville site cluster; mid-16th century, Cartersville site cluster, Hally et Brewster phase al. 1990:Fig. 9.1; Brewster phase, Hally and Rudolph 1986:Fig. 15; 16th century, Smith 1989:Fig. 1; mid-16th century, Cartersville site cluster, Smith, 2000:Fig. 18 6 early 16th century Rome site cluster; 16th century Apica mid-16th century, Rome site cluster, Hally et al. -
A Native History of Kentucky
A Native History Of Kentucky by A. Gwynn Henderson and David Pollack Selections from Chapter 17: Kentucky in Native America: A State-by-State Historical Encyclopedia edited by Daniel S. Murphree Volume 1, pages 393-440 Greenwood Press, Santa Barbara, CA. 2012 1 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW As currently understood, American Indian history in Kentucky is over eleven thousand years long. Events that took place before recorded history are lost to time. With the advent of recorded history, some events played out on an international stage, as in the mid-1700s during the war between the French and English for control of the Ohio Valley region. Others took place on a national stage, as during the Removal years of the early 1800s, or during the events surrounding the looting and grave desecration at Slack Farm in Union County in the late 1980s. Over these millennia, a variety of American Indian groups have contributed their stories to Kentucky’s historical narrative. Some names are familiar ones; others are not. Some groups have deep historical roots in the state; others are relative newcomers. All have contributed and are contributing to Kentucky's American Indian history. The bulk of Kentucky’s American Indian history is written within the Commonwealth’s rich archaeological record: thousands of camps, villages, and town sites; caves and rockshelters; and earthen and stone mounds and geometric earthworks. After the mid-eighteenth century arrival of Europeans in the state, part of Kentucky’s American Indian history can be found in the newcomers’ journals, diaries, letters, and maps, although the native voices are more difficult to hear.