Vol. 34 No. 3 A Publication of the Sino-Judaic Institute November 2019 SIGNAL on Sino-Israeli Relations In Memoriam Sidney Rittenberg By Dale Aluf 14 August 1921 – 23 August 2019 Compiled from SIGNAL Perspectives http://en.sino-israel.org/publi- Compiled from articles by Jonathan Margolis, https://www.theguard- cations/signal-perspectives/19 September and 12 July 2019 ian.com/world/2019/aug/28/sidney-rittenberg-obituary, 28 Aug 2019; Robert D. Mcfadden, New York Times, 26 August 2019; and Israel and China are peculiar partners. In almost every way, they dis- other sources. play contrasts as opposed to commonalities – across cultures, histo- ry, size, political systems, economic structures, and ideology. In the Sidney Rittenberg, an American Jew who stayed in China for 35 face of their differences, they have succeeded in cultivating flourish- years after World War II as an adviser and political prisoner of the Communist Revolution, and later made mil- ing economic relations, and today, China lions as a counselor of Western capitalists is Israel’s second-largest trading partner Help Make History: Contribute exploiting booming Chinese markets, died country. China’s relations with Israel are on Saturday in Scottsdale, Ariz. He was 98. emblematic of the impact of the PRC’s to the Denise Yeh Bressler One of the few non-Chinese people to be- vast international outreach over the past Kaifeng Scholarship Fund decade. come a senior member of the Chinese Com- As a memorial to board member Denise munist party, he was known in China, and With sustained rapid economic growth Bressler, who had long been active in helping still revered, as Li Dunbai (which sounds and a dramatic increase in international to educate the Kaifeng Jewish community, the like Rittenberg to Chinese ears). investment, China has become a key trad- Sino Judaic Institute has created a scholarship An intimate of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, ing partner and significant foreign investor in her memory. Deng Xiaoping and almost every other for Israel. There has been growing con- This autumn, SJI has recruite a Kaifeng Jewish veteran revolutionary, Rittenberg gained cern in China for stability in the Middle descendant to study intensive Jewish studies prominence at the Broadcast Administration East, predominantly due to its investments and English as a second language abroad be- in Beijing, one of the most important agen- in the region and the success of its Belt fore returning home as an informal teacher at cies of government, and for a few months and Road Initiative. China has also taken family home gatherings. Money is needed for in 1967 was the director of Radio Peking... an active interest in collaboration on inno- travel, room and board, study materials, and tu- Rittenberg also translated Mao’s Complete vation and technology with Israel – which ition. We need to raise US $10,000. Works and the Little Red Book into English inspired the establishment of a Compre- Your contribution for this historic undertaking and became a leading rabble-rouser in the hensive Innovation Partnership between will have an impact, whether you donate $5, Cultural Revolution the two nations in March of 2017. $50, $500 or $5,000. Every little bit helps to- The convulsions of a China constantly rein- The China of today is a long way from the wards our initial goal of $10,000. We launch venting itself led to Rittenberg twice falling this program in the autumn of 2019, so the ‘Sick Man of East Asia,’ as it was called foul of the leadership. Of his 35 years in need is urgent. in the early 20th century when it first es- China, he served a total of 16 imprisoned tablished diplomatic relations with Israel. Please contribute by sending a check, made out in solitary confinement, accused of being an The modern world is now, for the first to the Sino-Judaic Institute with a note for its American spy. Disillusioned with commu- time, presented with a powerful China – a purpose, to Prof. Steve Hochstadt, 1252 West nism, he returned to the US in 1980 with College Avenue, Jacksonville, IL 62650. Dona- China that is also, for the first time, look- his wife, Wang Yulin, whom he married in tions can be made online via PayPal at www. 1956, and their four children. ing outward to the world from its position sino-judaic.org. of strength. In the United States after his release, he Thank you! Xi Jinping’s signature Belt and Road Initia- founded Rittenberg Associates, a consult- tive now encompasses roughly two-thirds ing company that helped businesses from Colgate Palmolive to Warner Music to Intel, Microsoft and Pricewa- of the global population, with over 60 partner countries having signed terhouseCoopers to establish themselves in China. He used his ex- onto the project. It aims to connect the world to China through a se- tensive knowledge and contacts in China to build his own capitalist ries of mega-infrastructure projects commanding multi-trillion-dollar empire, advising corporate leaders, including Bill Gates of Microsoft investment. Today’s China has massive influence over global mar- and the computer magnate Michael S. Dell, on how to cash in on kets, supply chains, global governance, and geopolitics. China’s vast growing economy. Still welcome in China, he took en- China’s increasing assertiveness on the world stage has become a trepreneurs on guided tours, introducing them to the country’s mov- fact of our time – but the best way to deal with it is less obvious. ers and shakers… While Beijing promotes its Belt and Road Initiative as a means to The son of Muriel (née Sluth) and Sidney Rittenberg, Sidney Rit- bring nations closer together through win-win cooperation, some tenberg was born in Charleston, S.C., on Aug. 14, 1921 into a observers have come to view it as a form of economic colonialism. prominent Jewish family. His father, Sidney Sr, was president of These pundits argue that BRI investments create “debt traps” that the Charleston City Council and his grandfather had been a prom-

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TABLE OF CONTENTS FROM THE EDITOR Points East In a midrash, when Avraham is ar- Anson Laytner, Editor Featured Articles: guing with God to spare S’dom and Points East is published by the Sino-Judaic Institute, a tax-exempt, non-profit organi- SIGNAL on Amorah, he asks if God would hold both ends of a rope—that God would zation. The opinions and views expressed Sino-Israeli Relations...... 1 by the contributors and editor are their own have strict justice and a world—but, and do not necessarily express the view- In Memoriam Avraham says, God can’t have both. points and positions of the Sino-Judaic In- Sidney Rittenberg...... 1 God has to choose. (Spoiler: God stitute. chooses to have a world and relin- quishes strict justice.) Letters to the Editor and articles for Points From the Editor...... 2 East may be sent to: In the Field...... 12 In a similar way, I want to champion Preferred Form: religious freedom in China and good e-mail: [email protected] relations with China but I am being or to: Rabbi Anson Laytner Articles: compelled by American politics to 1823 East Prospect St. choose between the two. Do I re- Seattle WA 98112-3307 Indonesian Jews Study in Israel ...3 main silent about the situation of the Points East is published three times a year, in March, July and November. Deadlines Safe Harbor: Shanghai—Surpris- Jews in China because I don’t sup- port President Trump’s anti-China for submitting material to be included in ing Stories of Jewish Refugees in policies or do I speak up for religious these issues are January 15th, May 15th and World War II...... 3 freedom and appear to support Pres- September 15th. ident Trump on China? ...... 5 FINANCIAL REPORT AVAILABLE As the Children of Israel might have Israel and Korea ...... 6 SJI members interested in receiving a copy declared when Moshe asked them of the annual financial report should send Observations on China’s Middle to choose between life and death, a self-addressed envelope to: Steve Hoch- the blessing and the curse: “This is stadt, Treasurer of the Sino-Judaic Insti- East Policy ...... 6 a choice?!” tute, 1252 W. College Ave., Jacksonville IL 62650 USA. Why Singapore’s Army Sang For those of us who support good Israeli Songs ...... 7 relations with China and who advo- Sino-Judaic Institute Adventures in New Guinea...... 11 cate for Jewish religious freedom in c/o Rabbi Anson Laytner China, it is very challenging to parse 1823 East Prospect St. Seattle WA 98112-3307 Sugihara’s Son Sets Record Straight....12 this problem and it leaves one’s po- sition open to misinterpretation and SJI Officers misuse by others. Anson Laytner, President Book Nook...... 8 Vera Schwarcz, Vice President China and Israel: Chinese, Jews; Steve Hochstadt, Secretary/Treasurer This issue of Points East again features Beijing, Jerusalem Arnold Mark Belzer, Immediate Past Presi- several articles by Israelis analyzing dent Sino-Israeli relations in all their com- Managing Board plexity. It also highlights the passing Wendy Abraham, Joel Epstein, Bev Friend, of yet another giant in Sino-Jewish Loraine Heller, Dan Levitsky, Ondi Lingen- SJI MEMBERSHIP relations: Sidney Rittenberg. Twice felter, Jim Michaelson, Kevin Ostoyich, Eric he rode to fame: first when he rose Rothberg, Danny Spungen, Marvin Tokayer Country Total to a position of significance prior to ]International Advisory Board United States 142 and during the Cultural Revolution, Moshe Y. Bernstein, Jan Berris, Mark Cohen, Canada 7 and then again after Deng Xiaoping’s Avrum Ehrlich, Fu Youde, Jonathan Gold- ascendancy when he became a lead- stein, Judy Green, Len Hew, Tess Johnston, China 15 ing trade broker and interpreter of Dan Krassenstein, Donald Leslie, Den Lev- Israel 11 enthal, Michael Li, Yonatan Menashe, Maisie the “New China.” I met Sidney and Meyer, Mark Michaelson, Sonja Muehlberg- England 6 his wife several times because they er, Gustavo Perednik, Andrew Plaks, Pan Australia 3 lived in the greater Seattle area. He Guang, Shi Lei, Yitzhak Shichor, Elyse Silver- was a charming fellow whose jovial berg, Josh Stampfer, Noam Urbach, Shalom Japan 2 retelling of his adventures masked Wald, Tibi Weisz, Xiao Xian, Xu Xin, Albert Germany 2 the horrors he had endured. Yee, Zhang Qianhong, David Zweig. Past Presidents Greece 1 Lastly, let me wish all our Jewish Al Dien, Leo Gabow z”l Singapore 1 readers a happy 5780: Shana tova South Africa 1 u’mituka! Taiwan 1 Anson Laytner Bequest Request Please consider putting the Total: 192 Sino-Judaic Institute in your will. Points East 3 Indonesian Jews Study in Israel pressed the hope that one day he will live these subjects at Boston College and at the in Israel. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Lat- By Attila Somfalvi According to Rabbi Birnbaum, there are er moving to Washington, DC, she worked Excerpted from , 29 July 2019 Ynetnews.com some 100 Jews from all over the world liv- for the U.S. Agency for International Devel- Despite the dangers and despite the fact ing in Jakarta, and there are other smaller opment and the Peace Corps. that is not easy being Jewish in Indonesia communities throughout Indonesia. Betty Grebenschikoff - When Betty’s - the largest Muslim country in the world Approximately 400 Jews (or Judaizers – peaceful childhood in Berlin, Germany, - two members of the Torat Chaim com- Christians who believe it is necessary to was shattered by Nazi violence against munity in the north of the country dared live a Jewish way of life) lead an entirely Jews, the family was forced to flee to Shang- to visit Israel to study Judaism at the Mach- religious lifestyle in Indonesia, the largest hai in 1939. They were just one step ahead anayim Yeshiva operated by the Ohr Torah Muslim country in the world. of the Gestapo. Shanghai was the only open Stone Modern Orthodox movement. port at that time that admitted European Hundreds of other people claiming to be Tikva and Daniel, who arrived in Israel ear- Jews without visas or passports. It became Jewish are also living in various communi- lier this month, intend to return to Jayapura, a place of refuge for about 20,000 refugees. ties throughout Indonesia. Indonesia to teach others in their commu- Grebenschikoff grew up in Shanghai where nity about Judaism. “Surprisingly, Judaism is beginning to re- the family tried to make a living under diffi- awaken and find renewal in Indonesia,” “It’s hard to be a Jew in Indonesia,” said cult circumstances. She lectures extensively Rabbi Birnbaum said. Tikva. “As Jews, we hide our identity. It’s to museums, organizations, schools and dangerous to admit that we’re Jewish, be- colleges. Her memoir Once My Name Was cause it’s illegal - it’s a Muslim state.” Sara has been translated into Chinese and Safe Harbor: Shanghai—Surpris- that edition is also for sale at the Shanghai For example, it is illegal to maintain a Jew- Jewish Refugees Museum. ish lifestyle in Indonesia. “You cannot get ing Stories of Jewish Refugees in married, it’s difficult,” she said... World War II Kimberly Cheng – is a PhD candidate in the Joint PhD Program in Hebrew and Judaic Free Exhibition - Monday, October 28, 2019 The Jews of Indonesia are descendants Studies and History at New York University. – Friday, May 1, 2020 Chinese American of Jews who emigrated from Peru some From 2018-2019, Cheng was the Breslauer, Museum DC - 1218 16th St. NW, Washing- 400 years ago, after Catholic missionaries Rutman, and Anderson Research Fellow at ton, DC 20036 forced them to convert. The same Jews ar- the USC Shoah Foundation Center for Ad- rived in Peru after the expulsion from Spain Documentary screening, “Above the Drown- vanced Genocide Research and a member and Portugal, but there too they were made ing Sea” – Mon. Oct. 28, 2019, 6:30pm. of the 2018¬-2019 Leo Baeck Fellowship to convert and fled. University of California Washington Center - Programme. Starting in January 2020, she “It’s true that as of today they live as Jews 1608 Rhode Island Ave. NW, 20036. $10. will hold the J.B. and Maurice C. Shapiro and not as forced converts,” Rabbi Birn- 1-Day Conference and Lunch – Thursday, Fellowship at the United States Holocaust baum, the head of Ohr Torah Stone emis- October 31, 2019, 9:30am - 3:30pm Capital Memorial Museum’s Jack, Joseph, and Mor- sary programs, told Ynet. Hilton, 1001 16th St. NW, Washington, DC ton Mandel Center for Advanced Holocaust “They have a synagogue, Torat Chaim, 20036. $25. Includes Lunch. Studies. She is also a research volunteer for they keep Shabbat and the high holidays Open to the public. Registration required. the Chinese American Museum, DC. and they have a deep Jewish identity. I met Gary P. Zola - Gary Zola is the Executive For registration and more information go to: Daniel and Tikva on a visit to the commu- Director of The Jacob Rader Marcus Center https://www.chineseamericanmuseum.org/ nity in Indonesia, and I felt that they could of the American Jewish Archives and the safeharbor be the leaders of the community.” Edward M. Ackerman Family Distinguished Although the family knew that they were On Thursday, October 31, 2019, a one-day Professor of the American Jewish Experi- Jews, Daniel says they only began to study conference will feature brief lectures and pre- ence & Reform Jewish History at Hebrew Judaism seven years ago. sentations from historical and cultural experts Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion and personal accounts of Jewish refugees and in Cincinnati. “We began to observe Shabbat and study Shanghailanders. The event is open to the Torah until the Indonesian woman who George Tompkin – Born in Harbin and public. Lunch is included. Registration is re- eventually migrated to Shanghai, George was our teacher organized the communi- quired. $25 per registrant. ty and introduced us to Rabbi Tovia Sing- Tompkin is a former European Shanghai- er, from whom we learned.” Confirmed Speakers: lander now living in New Jersey. He grew Rabbi Singer, who later became the rab- Liliane Willens – Author, Stateless in Shang- up in the French Concession where he bi of the country’s Jewish community and hai, Liliane Willens was born of Russian par- lived there until the age of 13. He attended recently who immigrated to Israel, was in- entage in the former extraterritorial French the Shanghai Jewish School until his family vited to Indonesia by the Etz Chaim (Tree Concession of Shanghai, China, where she left in 1947 for San Francisco. of Life) organization. attended a French lycée. Her parents, she Bettie Peiwen (Ho) Carlson – The grand- and her siblings – all stateless – experienced There the rabbi met Jews who had been daughter of Dr. Ho Feng-Shan, considered World War II under the Japanese military oc- by some to be the “Chinese Schindler,” Messianic Jews for many years, but after cupation, the bombing by American planes three days of study and Q&A sessions, the speaks of her grandfather’s legacy. As and the return of the Chinese government. the Chinese Consul General in Vienna, community voted to stop believing in Je- Because of difficulties to obtain an immigra- sus and to go back to being Jews. he saved more than 3,000 Jews by issu- tion visa to the United States, Liliane lived ing them exit visas. While his actions Despite the danger, Tikva and Daniel de- two years under the newly established Peo- went mostly unnoticed and unrecognized cided to study Judaism in Israel and then ple’s Republic of China. When Liliane im- during his lifetime, he has been recog- return to Indonesia. migrated to the United States, she studied at nized posthumously by many groups in- “I think this is a great responsibility for Boston University where she received her cluding Yad Vashem, Israel, and the U.S. me. With the help of God, I will work on undergraduate degree, an M.A. and Ph.D. in Commission for the Preservation of Amer- it and become a leader,” he said, and ex- French Language and Literature. She taught ica’s Heritage Abroad. 4 Points East Signal, continued from page 1 signs” based on the realpolitik framework. Even the Philippines and Japan, both of which face tremendous strategic risks from require some developing countries to give In the words of Adam Smith, both camps China, do not take a hardline stance reject- China controlling shares in national assets. “give up the evidence of their senses to ing all Chinese involvement to preserve their From their perspective, “win-win” often- preserve the coherence of the ideas of their sovereignty while throwing themselves at times means that China wins twice. imagination.” Consequently, as former Sin- the mercy of the US security umbrella. China’s expanding global footprint has also gaporean Ambassador-at-Large Bilahari been a source of increased friction with the Kausikan acknowledges, the frameworks Instead, they recognize that in spite of terri- United States. In some cases, America sees applied to analyze Chinese foreign policy torial disputes, they can benefit from shared China’s military advancements and its estab- are “at best always only partially and contin- investment and resource exploitation agree- lishment of naval bases in the Indo-pacific and gently true.” ments while boundary delimitations are elsewhere as an aggressive step to project pow- With the growing interchange between the mulled and negotiated over a longer time- er. Closer to home, Americans view the “Made two countries and Israel’s greater reliance frame. They understand that China is a glob- in China 2025” policy as a state-backed plan to upon China for trade and investment, a more al force that cannot be ignored or ostracized dominate the advanced technology sector and thoughtful approach to foreign relations with without unacceptably high economic cost, replace America’s longstanding leadership in China has become ever more crucial. and that engagement with China must walk innovation. These perceptions are now firmly If Israel wishes to continue benefiting from a middle road between security and profit to embedded in America’s political discourse. its relations with the East Asian giant, its pol- meet national objectives. Meanwhile, America’s pivot towards Asia icy and strategy must be responsive to the Why do these countries not dedicate them- and its naval presence in proximity to Chi- dynamics that affect the nature of the rela- selves to all-out competition with China or na’s coastline are viewed by China as a tionship. Achieving this, however, requires total cooperation with China? challenge to its sovereignty, and part of an that Israeli policymakers cultivate a deeper Because they recognize the distinction be- American strategy designed to contain its understanding of the rich history and culture tween China’s core interests and the second- rise and maintain American hegemony. The which informs China’s unique approach to ary objectives that are intended to secure deterioration of mutual trust between China international affairs while also being attuned them. These secondary objectives, like pres- and America has led to a dramatic shift in to the external pressures that bear influence ervation of the North Korean regime and the nature of their relationship. Many na- on the relationship island construction in the South China Sea, tions, including Israel, now find themselves are more flexible in a way that issues like caught in the crossfire – struggling to find a ...... Taiwanese reunification are not. balance between national security and eco- Consequently, the Philippines and Ja- nomic progress. The question of how to deal with an in- pan have found ways to negotiate middle Israel’s close bond with the U.S. is one of creasingly assertive, powerful China has left ground solutions that help China secure its several factors that exert pressure on Sino-Is- many in the international arena baffled – in- interests in a less damaging way than direct rael relations, limiting the depth and scope cluding Israel… confrontation. of their relationship. Such pressures have For instance, the Philippines and China existed since before the establishment of of- Public response to the Haifa port issue has signed a memorandum of understanding on ficial diplomatic ties in 1992, and many con- revealed that Israeli society’s views towards joint oil and gas development. This helps tinue to influence the scope of relations up China are polarized. China’s core interest of diversifying energy to the present day. The nature of the diplo- Some are rather enthusiastic, particularly the sources and is less destabilizing to the re- matic relations between a country of consid- business-oriented sector who see China as a gion than if China were to establish another erable size, population, and economy with a valuable source of investment for Israel. Yet unilateral oil rig – as it did in 2014, which small country like Israel, China’s alignment they fail to see the potential risks that engag- precipitated a crisis with Vietnam. Addition- with the Arab/Muslim world, China’s friend- ing so blindly can lead to. ally, the Philippines will likely secure 40% ship with Iran, and the vast cultural as well or more of the profits from joint oil explo- as ideological divide, all bear influence on The other camp, seem to frame China as if ration, as opposed to receiving 0% if China the relationship. they are some Juggernaut intent on taking over the world. This pole tends to view ev- had moved unilaterally. To further complicate matters, Chinese pol- ery transaction with the utmost suspicion, The prerequisite for mutually beneficial icy does not fit into a static framework. It is believing each to be part of some broader agreements requires cultivating a better un- dynamic and evolving, invoking ideas as di- sinister plan. derstanding of China’s core and peripheral verse as Sun Tzu and Marxism-Leninism but interests. Unless Israel can learn to distin- also adapting in response to international These views are indicative of a society that guish between the two with regard to China, law and global value chains. lacks a basic understanding of China. As Dr. Ori Sela puts it, ignorance is the “coal that it will be unable to develop a more sophis- External perceptions of China’s foreign runs the engine.” ticated approach than the “China as a bank policy are often knotted with contradic- to be embraced” and “China as a hegemon Understanding any culture is important but tions and polarized into extremes. Some that must be resisted” camps currently ad- this is especially true when the culture is analysts treat China as a “mystical, ineffa- vocate. ble Oriental reality which is claimed to be so different that accurately assessing intent However, the ability to achieve this is con- inaccessible to Western or Eastern minds,” from language and behavior can be an al- tingent on Israel’s ability to close the knowl- struggling to cram Chinese foreign policy most insurmountable goal. But understand- edge gap and learn more about its second into a framework tenuously based on an- ing China is important. Especially if Israel largest trading partner. cient Chinese cultural constructs like “ti- wishes to continue the benefits it enjoys anxia.” Others ignore Chinese cultural and from the relationship whilst at the same time Dale Aluf is the director of research and ideological differences altogether, warning mitigating the potential risks associated with strategy at SIGNAL, Sino-Israel Glob- of a “hegemonic sphere of trade, com- dealing with Beijing. al Network & Academic Leadership – a munication, transportation, and security Approaching China as an all-or-nothing member of China’s Silk Road Think Tank links” furthering China’s “neocolonial de- proposition, however, is an unforced error. Association SRTA. Points East 5 Rittenberg, continued from page 1 able to stand this test,’” Rittenberg said, “and important academic post. that was all I needed.” He was offered the inent South Carolina legislator. His mother But he quickly left China again for what he chance to go back to the US, but decided to was the daughter of a Russian immigrant. Af- said would be a five-month visit to America. stay. “I was just getting into ever deeper study ter graduating from the Porter Military Acad- His wife went with him, and it turned out to be of his writings and deciding he was a genius,” emy in Charleston in 1937, he turned down a a permanent move, with the children joining Rittenberg said. scholarship to Princeton to attend the Univer- them later and assuming American names and sity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he Mr. Rittenberg was an avid propagandist citizenship. He had kept his own American majored in philosophy and graduated in 1941. during Mao’s Great Leap Forward, a cam- citizenship, and he soon settled into a new paign from 1958 to 1961 to transform China life in Bellevue, Washington. His return was He joined the American Communist Party in from an agrarian economy to a collectivized, widely publicized. He went on television and 1940, drawn by its platform of free speech, industrialized society. The campaign, which radio talk shows, lectured and was featured in racial equality and roots in the labor move- banned private farming and enforced edicts newspapers and magazines. ment. Without giving up his Communist with indoctrination and forced labor, was a ideals, he acceded to a party request and re- His welcome by American officials raised disaster, causing widespread famine and tens signed in 1942 when he was drafted by the suspicions that he had been a C.I.A. agent all of millions of deaths… Army in World War II. along, but he scoffed at the idea, and no proof He was even more directly involved in the was ever offered. Even in old age Rittenberg Recognizing his talent for languages – he early stages of Mao’s Cultural Revolution, a would be asked by retired FBI and CIA chiefs had learned French and Latin in prep school decade-long purge of “bourgeois” intellec- whom he had been reporting to in Washing- and excelled in German at Chapel Hill – the tuals, party officials and others suspected of ton while under his “deep cover” in China. Army sent him to its language school at Stan- anti-Maoist thought…At that time he would When he insisted he was not a spy, Rittenberg ford University. He was fluent in Chinese by address rapturous crowds of up to 100,000. related, the former spooks would typically tap 1945, when he arrived in Kunming, China, His speeches and news conferences were their noses and say: “You’re still very good.” as a linguist for the Judge Advocate General published in the Red Guard newspapers. Ji- just as World War II ended. “I think China has to face the fact that Mao ang Qing, Mao’s wife and the leader of what was one of the worst people in human his- He still was committed to Marxist-Leninist would come to be known as the Gang of tory,” was Rittenberg’s assessment of Mao in ideals, and the corruption and inequalities Four, once commented acidly that, at 45, Rit- old age. “He was a genius, but his genius got of life in China under the Chiang Kai-shek tenberg was a little old to be a Red Guard, completely out of control, so he was a great Nationalists shocked him. Honorably dis- but he pressed on regardless, until Jiang Qing, historic leader and a great historic criminal. charged, he made contact with the Commu- thought to have been jealous of this popular He gave himself the right to conduct social nists in Shanghai and was soon trekking for foreigner, had him thrown into jail for a 10- experiments that involved upturning the lives 45 days across China to join Mao’s guerrilla year term. of hundreds of millions of people, when he army at Yan’an. One famous picture from the era shows Mao didn’t know what the outcome might be. He played gin rummy and argued dogma autographing Mr. Rittenberg’s copy of his “Lit- And that created famines in which tens of with Mao, talked for days about the United tle Red Book” of sayings. Another shows Mr. millions died, and a revolution in which no- States and philosophy with Zhou, danced Rittenberg on a speaker’s platform, holding body knows how many died.” with Mao’s wife Jiang Qing, and got to know the book up and exhorting crowds in Beijing’s Rittenberg explained that his idealism and Mao’s inner circle, including Liu Shaoqi, the Tiananmen Square to defend Mao’s thoughts. the belief that he was taking part in the de- third-ranking leader. Mao had always been Soon after the pictures were taken, Mr. Ritten- velopment of a new and better world blinded fascinated by the US and, while camped out berg was himself denounced by Mao’s wife, him to the atrocious persecution and murder at Yan’an, would spend hours sequestered Jiang Qing, ostensibly for attending a secret of even close friends of his. “It’s a kind of cor- with Rittenberg going through old copies of meeting to plot the government’s overthrow. ruption, exactly the kind of corruption that American magazines and asking questions In 1968, he was imprisoned, again without ruins the whole thing,” he said. “I believed I about the US. They all watched Laurel and a hearing, this time for a decade in solitary was part of history. That’s what you get with Hardy movies together, for which Rittenberg confinement in a dark cell 7 paces long and ideology and power. You learn to harden did simultaneous translations. 3½ paces wide. His wife was sent to a labor your heart in the name of the wonderful new Mr. Rittenberg joined the Chinese Commu- camp, his children to live with relatives. world you’re building. Once you do that, you do all kinds of things. I did.” nist Party in 1946. He became an English-lan- During Mr. Rittenberg’s second imprison- guage translator of news dispatches for the ment, the Cultural Revolution left the coun- Rittenberg, in later years at least, had an imp- party’s propaganda arm and an interpreter of try in chaos, Mao’s health began to fail and ish sense of humour, loved jokes – especially Chinese for communiqués and contacts with the so-called Gang of Four – Mao’s wife and Jewish jokes – and was called upon as a com- international leaders. He traveled with Mao three other leaders ¬¬¬– assumed greater mentator on Chinese affairs by both western and the Red Army and witnessed events of power. China’s Communist Party became and Chinese media. In 1993 his memoir, the civil war that led to the Communist vic- what Mr. Rittenberg called a “shadow” of its The Man Who Stayed Behind, written with tory in 1949, and to the formation of Mao’s old self. “The spirit was gone, the party be- Amanda Bennett, a former correspondent in Beijing government, the People’s Republic came a mere machine for exercising power China for The Wall Street Journal, was pub- of China. After the Communists won power, over the government and the people,” Mr. lished, and in 2012 he was the subject of he was asked to stay on as, in his words, “an Rittenberg told The Financial Times in 2012. the documentary The Revolutionary, by Irv engineer to build a bridge from the Chinese “Official corruption and careerism, rare be- Drasnin, Don Sellers and Lucy Ostrander. He people to the American people”. fore the Cultural Revolution, now become taught into his 90s at several US universities. His first spell in prison, of six years from prevalent and systemic.” “I had been right to help those who were 1949, of which the first was spent in total Released in 1977 after Mao died and Jiang working for a new China,” he said in the sensory deprivation, driving Rittenberg to Qing arrested, Mr. Rittenberg emerged from memoir. “I had been dead wrong, however, the edge of insanity, came about after Joseph prison disillusioned with Communism. He re- in accepting the party as the embodiment of Stalin wrote to Mao warning him that the turned to the United States in 1979 for a three- truth and in giving to the party uncritical and American was a spy. month visit that he portrayed as a “vacation,” unquestioning loyalty.” His captors never quite seemed to believe to see relatives, to lecture and,apparently, to He is survived by his wife Yulin and their the charge, but Mao supported his continued quietly discuss his repatriation with the Car- children, Xiaoqin (Jenny), Xiaodong (Toni), incarceration to test him. “They did say once, ter administration. He returned to China, his Xiaoxiang (Sunny) and Xiaoming (Sidney Jr.), ‘If you’re a real revolutionary, you should be status undiminished, and was named to an and four grandchildren. 6 Points East from Korea’s excellence, precision and Israel and Korea the heartlands of what China calls “West sophistication as one of the world’s great Asia,” focusing instead on establishing By Gilad Cohen economic and technological powers. commercial land and sea routes to Europe Blogs of The Times of Israel, 15 July 2019 Last year marked a 20 percent increase in via Central Asia, the Indian Ocean, and President Reuven Rivlin’s visit this week Korean tourism to Israel, and we hope to the Suez Canal. Even so, Chinese corpora- to South Korea, the first since President see more and more Korean tourists here. tions—with full backing from Beijing—are Peres visited in 2010, underscores the The direct flights between Seoul and Tel investing tens of billions of dollars in infra- significant upgrade in relations between Aviv of Korean Air (three weekly flights) structure projects, acquisitions, and other the two countries. Israel and Korea, and the fact that there is no need for visas initiatives in most countries of the Middle which established diplomatic relations helped greatly to increase the volume of East. tourism, business and investment. in 1962, have much in common: both The main issue for China these days is the are democracies, both peoples have a By the way, Korean Air was the first Asian trade war with the United States. Under- history going back thousands of years, company to start direct flights to Israel in neath the party line of “hitting back” at and both suffered difficulties in the mod- 1995, and Samsung is the first company American pressure lies a growing concern ern era until achieving independence in in Asia to open an R&D center in Israel. that escalating tariffs will seriously damage 1948. The two states also have geopo- In the security field, the two countries the global economy, which could in turn litical similarities: both are allies of the maintain good cooperation, and the Is- harm China’s GDP and domestic stability. United States (Korea and the US have raeli security industries operate exten- Officials in Beijing are also closely moni- had a defense agreement since 1967 and sively in Korea. We welcome this coop- toring attempts by other Asian powers to 28,000 American troops are deployed eration and aspire to strengthen it further. contain China’s rapid rise, especially as currently on Korean soil), and both face In the past year, we have witnessed the Washington and other players cultivate military threats that necessitate large in- efforts of South Korea, the United States the Indo-Pacific system of cooperation first vestments in the security field. and the international community to re- proposed by Japan. President Rivlin’s visit, at the head of an duce tensions in the peninsula, and Isra- Against this backdrop, China measures Israeli business delegation, will contrib- el is following these historical processes ute to the promotion of Israeli exports as its influence and presence in the Middle with hope that it will lead to the full and East mainly in terms of securing energy well as trade between the two countries, verifiable dismantling of the WMD man- which has been rising steadily in recent supplies, trade ties, and business benefits. ufactured by North Korea. Beijing is comfortable with its current poli- years and amounted in 2018 to more The president’s visit is an excellent op- than 2.5 billion US dollars. cy of avoiding political involvement in the portunity to strengthen the diplomatic, region’s myriad disputes…China likewise Israel and Korea are in the final stages of security, economic, technological and steers clear of taking sides in the Iran-Saudi signing a Free Trade Agreement (FTA), an scientific cooperation with a great and Arabia showdown or intra-Arab disputes agreement of great importance to both true friend of Israel in the Asian region, such as the Qatar embargo, preferring to Israeli consumers and exporters. As a South Korea. deal with the Arab League as its main ad- result of signing the FTA, taxes on Kore- Gilad Cohen is Deputy Director General dress for dialogue. an products in Israel – such as Korean for Asia and the Pacific at the Ministry of vehicles, LED screens, refrigerators and Foreign Affairs. This includes consistently supporting the mobile phones that can be found in al- League’s positions on the Israeli-Palestin- most every household in Israel – will be ian conflict. One of China’s voting habits reduced considerably. In Korea too, cus- at the UN is to back all anti-Israel resolu- toms duties on imported Israeli products tions. Beijing is fully aware that Gulf gov- will be reduced, which will contribute to ernments are quietly pursuing cooperation Israeli exports as well. Observations on China’s Mid- with the Israeli government on several The economy of the Republic of Korea, dle East Policy fronts, but as long as their formal public with a population of around 50 million By Ehud Yaari stance remains frosty, China will keep vot- people, is ranked 11th in the world. It is Excerpted from PolicyWatch 3139, The ing accordingly. the world’s largest shipbuilder, the world’s Washington Institute for Near East, 17 June Recent deliberations with senior Chinese third largest electronic products manufac- 2019 officials yield a number of other notewor- turer and the world’s second-largest semi- thy conclusions: conductor manufacturer. [Ehud Yaari is a Lafer International Fellow with The Washington Institute and a vet- During his visit to Korea, the president China will continue to import Iranian oil. eran commentator for Israeli television. plans to see various sectors of the Ko- In doing so, it will try to bypass the Trump He recently visited China as a guest of the rean economy: science, technology, ag- administration’s sanctions without directly Sino-Israel Global Network & Academic riculture and health. The delegation of challenging or dismissing them. Yet even Leadership (SIGNAL).] Israeli executives who will accompany as it strives to cultivate cordial relations the president is comprised of companies The Middle East is low on the list of Chi- with the Islamic Republic, Beijing does not in the fields of information and com- na’s global priorities, and this is unlikely to plan to rescue the regime from its financial munications technology, digital health change in the foreseeable future. Yet “low distress or supply it with significant arms, and “smart mobility” in the automotive priority” is a relative term when it comes although some Chinese officials seem very industry. Israel can contribute to Korea to a global player with pockets as deep as concerned about the possibility of a new through its innovation, high-tech and its Beijing’s. True, the government’s ambitious deal between Washington and Iran. For its unique knowledge, but can also learn Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) largely skips part, Tehran has no qualms about accept- Points East 7 ing India’s help to develop Chabahar port sought access to data about Israeli security Why Singapore’s Army Sang as a competitor to the Chinese-built Gwa- personnel via pension programs). Finally, dar port in Pakistan, one of the main links Chinese officials seem uninterested in de- Israeli Songs in the BRI. veloping a trade route through the Gulf of By Leah Falk Aqaba to the port of Eilat with a railroad to China is not yet ready to consider major the Mediterranean Sea, arguing that Egypt Jewniverse by the JTA, 21 August 2019 investment in Syria. Beijing is interested in opposes any alternative commercial trans- the opportunities presented there but is in port system to the Suez Canal. Who’s got Singapore’s back? For a tiny no hurry to explore them, despite repeat- nation surrounded by Muslim countries, ed pleas from Russia to help with postwar Chinese investments in Egypt are growing the answer is obviously “another tiny na- reconstruction. China has established Syr- rapidly. This includes infrastructure for the tion surrounded by Muslim countries,” ian intelligence exchanges with Moscow new capital city that the president has de- i.e. Israel. But it turns out Israel doesn’t and various Central Asian governments, cided to establish outside Cairo. Beijing be- just have Singapore’s back–it’s also got but their main purpose is to monitor East lieves that Egypt’s stability must be assured its arms, military technology, and calis- Turkestan jihadists fighting there and detect in order to achieve progress on the BRI, thenics routines. Why’s that? We’ll have any Uyghur Muslim militants attempting to since the Suez Canal forms an essential link to turn back to 1965, when the Israel De- return home to Xinjiang. for container ships headed to Europe. fense Forces got a call to come create Sin- China does not want to get involved in gapore’s army. China is concerned about the Middle East the Palestinian Authority. Chinese officials Security Alliance. This ambitious U.S.- made clear that they will not undertake any If this surprises you, it’s because both backed regional initiative has failed to take economic projects in the PA, and that their countries kept it a secret from the mo- off thus far, and Egypt has already dropped participation in financial aid efforts will be ment Israel first got involved until 2000, out. Nevertheless, Chinese officials still limited. More specifically, Beijing will not when Singapore’s first prime minister Lee fear the prospect of U.S. allies establishing allow Chinese companies to operate across Kuan Yew broke the seal in his book From joint, long-term military control over sea the Green Line, nor inside the Gaza Strip so Third World to First: The Singapore Sto- lanes stretching from the Suez Canal and long as Hamas is in control there. ry - 1965-2000, the story of the country’s Red Sea to the Indian Ocean—a key route emergence. in the strategic vision underlying the BRI… Chinese analytical interest in the region is growing. Despite the relatively limited at- Shortly after Singapore declared inde- China will continue handling Israel with tention that Beijing devotes to “West Asia,” pendence in 1965, the newly created caution. The United States casts a long the government will continue funding new sovereign city-state waited for military shadow over Chinese relations with Israel. think tanks and institutes to research the assistance from Egypt and India, but got Washington has made clear on numerous region. Similarly, Chinese universities have no reply. It was then that Israel’s ambassa- occasions that it would like Jerusalem to shown a marked increase in the number dor to Thailand and Mossad officer Hezi keep its cooperation with Beijing luke- of students learning Arabic (though less so Carmel agreed to help. Singapore’s large warm, and to restrict Chinese involvement with Persian and Turkish). Malay Muslim population meant that Isra- in sensitive sectors of Israel’s flourishing In sum, China will keep treading cautiously el’s involvement remained a sensitive and high-tech and cyber industries. Beijing is in the Middle East, maintaining a low dip- thus secret matter. also well aware that no arms transactions lomatic profile and eschewing a military can be contemplated, and it generally ac- Singapore’s army, which is now consid- footprint while aggressively pursuing busi- knowledges that Israel has to take Ameri- ered one of the strongest in Southeast ness opportunities—especially in infrastruc- can reservations very earnestly—though Asia, adopted a number of IDF practic- ture enterprises related to Saudi Arabia’s es, including its models of conscription officials are quick to point out that some of “Vision 2030” and the energy sector. The and reserve service (and, for a minute, its Washington’s Arab allies have demonstrat- region may not attract serious Chinese po- marching songs). You know how it goes: ed greater flexibility with China. litical and military involvement until after ex-British possessions got to help each Ultimately, Beijing shows no intention of major BRI projects mature in Pakistan and other out. revising its traditional diplomacy toward Is- Central Asia. rael or its unfavorable voting pattern in in- ternational forums. The Chinese are keenly interested in innovative Israeli technolo- gies, but they do not believe that develop- ing economic ties requires them to change Painless Donating their foreign policy. The Chinese govern- ment does not facilitate the entry of Israe- Support the Sino-Judaic Institute with charitable (SMILE) dona- li exports to China; mutual trade reached $14 billion last year, but most of the Israeli tions on Amazon at http://smile.amazon.com/ch/77-0076761 sales were made by Intel plants. Chinese and Amazon donates. companies have acquired some major Is- raeli firms (mainly in the chemical and dairy sectors) and won tenders to manage Your donation will support our grant-making to scholars to fur- new sections of Haifa and Ashdod ports, ther research on Jewish life in China. but Israeli regulators have prevented their entry into the cyber and insurance sectors (the latter is significant because China has 8 Points East ica. Its historiographic and bibliographic elations about Israeli nuclear cooperation BOOK NOOK antecedents date back to 1853, when with Taiwan. That interaction preceded, Alois and Augustin de Backer published and indeed laid the groundwork for, Eisen- Jesuitical accounts about Chinese Jewry. berg’s competitive overtures to Beijing. The field had developed substantially by Shai’s overview can serve as adjunct read- China and Israel: Chinese, Jews; 1937, when the Yiddish Scientific Institute ing in courses on Chinese and Israeli inter- Beijing, Jerusalem (YIVO) in Vilne published Rudolf Lowen- national relations and as an introductory thal’s bibliography about Jews in traditional (1890-2018) by Aron Shai. Boston: Aca- survey for Chinese and Israelis interested in China. More recent contributions include demic Studies Press, 2019. xii + 260 pp. their historical interactions. Errors are few Pan Guangdan’s 1983 Zhongguo jingnei Reviewed by Jonathan Goldstein and far between in this synopsis, and some Youtairen de ruogan lishi wenti [=Some can be excused as coming from a scholar Originally published in China Quarterly historical questions about the Jews within who is not a native speaker of English. An (London) no. 238 (June 2019), pp. 564-67 Chinese territory]1 and Academic Studies ox, rather than a cow, is customarily used Press’s forthcoming A Century of Jewish Boston’s Academic Studies Press, a rela- to plow a field. [p.1] Those and other me- Life in Shanghai.2 This cornucopia of Si- tive newcomer to the field of Asian Stud- chanical errors can easily be corrected in a no-Judaic and Sino-Israeli scholarship in- ies, can be congratulated for publishing second edition of this succinct monograph, cludes the life work of Donald Leslie and its fourth volume on this subject. Tel Aviv as Shai and Academic Studies Press move Yitzhak Shichor, the late Irene Eber and University East Asian Studies Professor forward from strength to strength in the David Kranzler, and many others. Aron Shai’s China and Israel: Chinese, field of Asian Studies. Jews; Beijing, Jerusalem (1890-2018) Shai condenses this vast corpus of schol- 1 With respect to the distinguished Chi- follows closely on the heels of works arship as context for what is the strength nese sociologist Pan Guangdan (a.k.a. by Israeli Asianists Meron Medzini, Sha- of this volume: his profiles of Sino-Judaic Quentin Pan, 1898-1967), Goldstein lom Wald, and Vera Schwarcz (recently personalities. These include Sun Yat-sen’s notes that he was a historiographic and emerita from Wesleyan University and English bodyguard Morris Cohen (1887- bibliographic pioneer of Sino-Judaica. now living in Jerusalem). The Press is be- 1970) and Chinese Communist Fourth His 50,000 character text, written in coming a major player in a burgeoning Army physician Jacob Rosenfeld (1903- 1953 and published in 1983, included academic discipline in Israel and can be 52), originally from Austria. Shai also of- a lengthy and annotated bibliography considered an active participant in the fers vignettes about lesser known individ- which clearly puts him in the catego- development of Israel’s four Asian Stud- uals who are arguably of equal historical ry of a Chinese bibliographic pioneer, ies programs, at Tel Aviv, Haifa, and the significance. Drawing upon hard-to-get much in the way that the de Backers Hebrew Universities and at Tel Hai Aca- interviews and the Yad Tabenkin archive and Rudolf Lowenthal functioned in demic College in the Galilee. of the kibbutz movement, he profiles lead- Western Sino-Judaic scholarship. ers of the Israel Communist Party (ICP) and That recent and expanding Israeli interest 2 in China is the focus of Shai’s most re- their Chinese interactions. He explains Academic Studies Press has set De- cent publication, which follows his other how the Party kept cultural contact alive cember 2019 as the anticipated publi- magna opera on the subject in Chinese, during the “frozen period” (1950-92) of Si- cation date for A Century of Jewish Life English, and Hebrew. Shai summarizes no-Israeli non-relations. It was in the pages in Shanghai. Prof. Steve Hochstadt is his own contributions in building the of the Party’s Hebrew language daily and editor of the volume. Sino-Israeli relationship, notably his suc- its French language supplement that Israe- Jonathan Goldstein is Professor of East cess in securing financial support for East lis were introduced to the latest Chinese Asian Studies (emeritus) at the University of Asian Studies from the late Israeli China literary trends, as but one example. West Georgia, U.S.A. and a Research Affil- trader Shaul N. Eisenberg (see below), Shai offers the first comprehensive biogra- iate of Harvard University’s Fairbank Cen- his wife Lea Nabuko-Eisenberg, and phy of the aforementioned elusive Israeli ter for Chinese Studies. His books include their daughter Emily. Under Shai’s lead- businessman Shaul Eisenberg (1921-97) Jewish Identities in East and Southeast Asia ership as Rector of Tel Aviv University, and his United Development Company, (DeGruyter, 2015), Stephen Girard’s Trade that school created the largest East Asian which brokered the first clandestine Israeli with China (MerwinAsia, 2011), China and Studies program in Israel in terms of both arms deal with China in 1979. Eisenberg Israel (Praeger, 1999; Chinese ed. 2006; undergraduate and graduate enrollment. was obsessively secretive and kept most Hebrew ed. 2016), and The Jews of China With over seven hundred students, it is of his business records in notebooks in his (M.E. Sharpe, 1999 and 2000). He may be also the largest academic department in jacket pocket, which Shai clearly did not contacted at [email protected]. Tel Aviv’s Faculty of Humanities. In 2007 have access to. But Shai was as resource- Shai secured Chinese government fund- ful in his Eisenberg investigation as he was ing for Tel Aviv University’s Confucius in ferreting out information about the ICP, Institute, an affiliate of similar Chinese at the opposite end of the Israeli politi- Controversy Over A History of academic initiatives worldwide. cal spectrum. He interviewed Eisenberg the Kaifeng Israelites Over and beyond describing his per- competitor Amos Yudan, former Mossad director Efraim Halevi, and Israeli Aircraft Tiberiu Weisz Responds to Jordan sonal role in developing Sino-Israeli re- Paper’s Review: lations, Shai provides an overview of Industries CEO Gabriel Gidor, all of whom Chinese-Jewish relations from medieval participated in establishing Sino-Israeli My thoughts of Jordan Paper’s review of Kaifeng to the present. In 239 pages of commercial and military ties. Shai’s per- my book A History of the Kaifeng Israelites text and a ten-page quatro-lingual bibli- sistent sleuthing about Eisenberg and the (Points East vol. 34 #2. 2019) are best cap- ography, he surveys the corresponding ICP is matched in Sino-Israeli historiogra- tured by a Belgian artist, Erik Pevernagie academic field now known as Sino-Juda- phy only by Yitzhak Shichor’s startling rev- (1939- ), who said: “If we don’t readjust our Points East 9 perception in time, the screeching hinges tise that attracted the attention of outside nunciation. Moreover, the binomial ex- in our mind may break for want of oil and interests to make it worthwhile for me pression has a second modern dictionary our viewing angle narrow unremittingly, to leave the academia. No regrets. I read meaning of ‘a stingy person’.” thus inducing blurred vision, misinterpre- Classical/Modern Chinese with the same Such a statement would be acceptable tation and incomprehension.” ease as I read Biblical, Talmudic and Mod- from a novice student, not a seasoned ern Hebrew. “Westerners have been studying China for Sinologists like Paper professes to be. He over 100 years, and they claim to know The newly translated and re-translated skipped over the entire section of Chinese China; we, the Japanese have been study- Chinese texts in my book were adapted to commentaries of the word youren in the ing China for over 1000 years and still a cross-cultural setting. Among the sourc- book. He had to just turn one more page, don’t understand her”, commented a Jap- es, I found a wealth of information about to pg. 98, and voilà, the “root” meaning of anese scholar at a symposium for transla- Chinese views of foreign civilizations, re- the character you is exposed to all to read. tors. These comments were pointed like an ligions, people, and customs. Some of the The Japanese scholar had a point. arrow toward the same scholars that Jordan Chinese terms for foreign names have yet I also wonder if Paper had ever asked D.C. Paper speaks of so highly in his review. to be identified, and there is still ongoing Lau to explain the phrase yu youren ye (I research and debate of how to match them am a you person/tribe…) in the Confucian Back in 1984, I was just a couple of years with the proper Western names. I briefly out of graduate school when I attended a text, in Chinese not in translation? (details mentioned these works in the introduction pg. 3 in the book). This question haunted reception of the Kaifeng exhibition in Is- to my book. rael, attended by many Sinologists. I also me for quite a while, and at one time I met there Michael Pollack z’l, author of By studying these memorials, I learned posed it to Chinese scholars. Several ideas Mandarins, Jews and Missionaries. One that the key to understanding China rested were suggested but no definite answer. thing that stunned me was the pretentious in tracing Chinese terms to their original True to the Talmudic fashion, I challenged attitude of the other Sinologists. It seemed source in the vast Chinese literary works, them by substituting the word youren to me that they tried to impress each oth- that is what we call “precedents” (or “ci- with hanren (I am a han person/Chinese). er by injecting a word or two in Chinese tations”) in the West, and “roots” in Chi- Instantly, it became obvious why com- na. It was in stark contrast to what I have in conversation. I foolishly assumed that mentators encountered difficulty with this been taught in school, and what I have they were fluent in Chinese, so I addressed word, and it was met with silence. Only read in Western literature. Then, I realized to them in Chinese. The warm reception Paper hastily and erroneously conclud- how useless were Karlegan’s (1899-1978) quickly turned into an icy atmosphere; it ed that: “he [Weisz] finds that Confucius theories, so much admired by Paper, and turned out that nobody spoke Chinese be- claimed to be Jewish, and the Chinese how Western impressions and translations yond a few common phrases. Classics and Chinese Religion are based distorted our perceptions of the Chinese on the Torah! “ These are his words not Now reading Paper’s review, it reminded Jews. Though travelers and missionaries re- mine. My elaborate explanation is found me of that event. Paper’s knowledge of corded their encounters with the Chinese on the next page (pg. 4) in the book, com- China is rooted in Western perceptions, Jews, but they also reminded us about the pletely ignored by Paper. while mine is rooted in Chinese sources. strange language and culture that they nei- An unbridgeable cultural clash differen- ther understood nor knew anything about. My response to Paper’s comments on tiates our approach to the study of China Nonetheless, it did not deter scholars like publishing: I am proud to publish inde- in general, and that of the Chinese Jews in Paper from drawing conclusions from the pendently, I own the rights and all the li- particular. He is still nostalgic about the weight of probability, firmly believing that censes to my works and care less of “peer Western Sinologists who treated China as that was the only reality. Paper remained reviews” and their self-serving agendas. I an isolated culture marginally affected by faithful to those narratives. I did not. What consider traditional publishing in today’s outside influences. I, on the other hand, was missing was the Chinese Jews’ side of marketplace the graveyard of published treated China as a cosmopolitan culture the story. A History of the Kaifeng Israel- books. I cancelled a contract with a Eu- with extensive interaction with other Cen- ites is the first work that creates a roadmap ropean publisher, and I declined an offer tral Asian cultures. My major sources de- of a tribe of Israel in China from Chinese from another publisher for the rights to all rived from a large collection of memorials writings. of my works. I write for people to read, of Chinese officials to emperors, including Admittedly, language barrier made it ex- and not for books to gather dust on library an audience between a Prime Minister of tremely difficult to communicate with the shelves. I like to write in simple and clear Jewish descent and a Song Emperor. Chinese, but, more disturbing was that language and I hope my works inspires readers to expand their horizon. I firmly It is unfortunate that Paper did not do his neither scholars nor translators traced the stand by my works. homework before he made his allegations “roots” of youren to its origin, instead they that: “Weisz apparently claims to be able continued to mistranslate it. Had they done This review is an expression of Paper’s to read literary Chinese better than all oth- so, the mystery of the Israelites in China views, it is just his opinion. He appears er Chinese and Western Sinologists … “ would have been solved a long time ago. so blindsided by his contempt for me that and “Weisz confuses Classical with Mod- The shallowness of Paper’s Chinese pro- he forgot the basic premise of the book. ern Chinese”. Just for Paper’s information, ficiency became evident when he wrote: He wrote “fancy words to muddle the I went through formal western academic “youtai , the logographs chosen facts” as the Chinese would say. ( training in Chinese in college and Grad- because their modern pronunciation ap- yanzhong shi an). Too bad. Times have uate School, augmented by intense study proximates Yudah (Judah) – presumably changed. With alternatives to traditional of literary Chinese with some of the finest a Christian missionary because the radical publishing, independent scholars com- tutors. In addition to the traditional Rujia for the logograph you means “dog”, an bine their expertise with life long practical (Confucianism) and Daojia (Daoism), I also insult in Chinese culture; there are many experience to expand the scholarly world specialized in Fajia (Legalism), an exper- alternate logographs with the same pro- beyond the walls of academia. Paper is 10 Points East entitled to his beliefs, just like members very good friends with senior scholars in esting read, to say the least. One minor of the Flat Earth Society are entitled to be- Beijing. My understanding of Chinese quibble: some of the names of Chinese lieve that the earth is flat. culture grew with further residence in individuals and texts remain in their Taiwan and extended trips on the Main- Paper’s Counterpoint French transliterations, which, for this re- land. I work well with Chinese scholars; viewer, made identifying them somewhat I found Weisz’s response to my critique of I have had conflict with some Western of a challenge. his work amusing, as it displays remark- scholars but never with Chinese ones, as able consistency with his mode of think- we seem never to disagree. I have been ing. First, he responds to negative criticism invited over a number of years to lecture by vilifying the critic; in this case, not just to graduate students and faculty on Chi- City of Devils: The Two Men Who myself but major Western scholars. Sec- nese Religion and Chinese Judaism at Bei- Ruled the Underworld of Old Shang- ondly, he assumes that Western schol- jing Normal University and the Chinese hai, by Paul French. New York: Picador, ars are at odds with Chinese scholars; Academy of Social Sciences, and over 2018. of which, it seems, he considers himself the decades, I have been invited to give preeminent. During my half-century of ac- plenum addresses at symposiums in Bei- Reviewed by Anson Laytner tive international scholarship, I personally jing and Taipei (see my online c.v.). As Paul French is the author of 7 books on know of no Western classical Sinologist well, I am married into a Chinese family, pre-Communist China, not including that has not comfortably worked with Chi- most of who continue to reside in their this, his newest. Five of them deal with nese scholars. Thirdly, he assumes, with “hometown” of Shenyang. Thus for nearly Shanghai in its so-called glory days. City his typical arrogance, that he knows what a half-century, I have lived and interacted of Devils documents the rise and fall of he has never studied; in this instance, my- with Chinese understandings on a daily “Lucky” Jack Riley, a.k.a. various names, self, whose life he has, in effect, perceived basis, and my wife and I have worked to- an American prison escapee who became upside down, as he apparently “knows” gether on a number of research projects. the slot king of Shanghai, and “Dapper” that my understanding of Chinese thought Joe Farren, born Josef Pollak in Vienna’s is based on Western studies: “Paper’s Leopoldstadt ghetto, who had danced his knowledge of China is rooted in Western way to Shanghai and rose to fame as a perceptions, while mine is rooted in Chi- owner of the Shanghai Badland’s largest nese sources.” (And, if so, he has yet to casino. Written in a suitably lurid true- explain why using outdated Chinese en- Briefly Noted crime noir style, French paints a tawdry cyclopedic dictionaries rather than more and seamy picture of Shanghai between recent and substantial ones to understand The Jews of China: History of a the two world wars that does nothing to the nuances of Chinese logographs in , hide the real suffering of the people there. their historical contexts is more scholarly, Community and its Perspectives by Caroline Rebouh. Newcastle upon Featured among the cast of characters or why he is at odds with eminent Chi- Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars, 2018.159 are the many Jewish owners of gambling nese scholars; e.g., D.C. Lau is Chinese pages. joints, bars and other establishments, who not European.) Finally, he posits that most of the time cared for and supported peer-review inhibits scholarly freedom, Reviewed by Anson Laytner one another, sometimes even when it which is equivalent to stating that scien- Caroline Rebouh, who has an MA in He- wasn’t in their own best interests to do so. tific review, rather than being essential to brew and Jewish Studies from Strasbourg A fine and easy read about some people science, is anti-scientific. University, France, has written a concise you won’t even find mentioned in other Just to put the record straight, my under- summary of the history of the Kaifeng books on Jewish Shanghai. standing of Chinese culture is based en- Jews that, unlike most other texts, draws tirely on living in Chinese culture. Within upon work of French Sinologists and oth- a week of first living in Taiwan in 1965, er scholars. Echoing the views of Tiberiu I perceived that everything I had read on Weisz, with whose books she apparently Important Notice to Readers Chinese religion to that time was grossly unfamiliar, she asserts that the first Jews About PE Archives inaccurate (articulated in my new book: may have arrived in China prior to 600 Chinese Religion and Familism: The Basis BCE and that successive waves of Jews ar- All readers of Points East may of Chinese Culture, Society and Govern- rived by sea and land subsequently. Like now access back issues of this ment [Bloomsbury Academic 2019], as Weisz, she finds influences of and simi- journal as the result of a deci- well as my earlier book, The Spirits Are larities to the Hebrew Bible (Tanach) in Drunk: Comparative Approaches to Chi- many classic Chinese texts. Uncritically sion by its Managing Board. nese Religion [State University of New referencing French and English sources To access the archives, go to the York Press 1995]). Because learning to from the 18th century, she suggests that “Members’ Section” on the far read literary Chinese had rewired my Chinese characters and words might have right of our website homepage brain, so to speak, I became very close their origins in Egyptian hieroglyphs, the (www.sino-judaic.org) and click friends in Taiwan with some of the last result of a very early Egyptian invasion on “Archived Issues.” The user- Chinese to have had the traditional ed- and colonization! However, when it name is “member” and the pass- ucation due our being intellectually and comes to reviewing the actual history and word is “Gabow”—in honor of otherwise highly simpatico, deep friend- culture of the Kaifeng Jewish community, the late Leo Gabow, SJI’s found- ships that lasted the rest of their lives; Rebouh’s summations and analyses are ing president. they were my mentors in many aspects thoroughly accurate. This combination of Chinese culture. I continue to remain of conjecture and fact makes for an inter- Points East 11 Adventures in New Guinea his or her first name. “However,” he ex- open structure. It was bedecked with Stars plained, “we have a word we used to call of David and a beautiful welcome sign in By Ari Greenspan the elders. That word is melamdim.” He front of the sign from Kulanu’s first visit. Excerpted from the Kulanu website did not understand the word, nor did he There were speeches and words of Torah know it was the Hebrew word meaning [The island of New Guinea lies north of and songs exchanged. We gave them gifts teachers. Australia. Its western half is a part of Indo- of havdallah candles and challah covers and they adorned us in handmade blue nesia, where Ari met the Kehilat Yehudim There were 3 different communities rep- Torat Chaim, his first story. Its eastern half and white scarves. We were moved by resented. The one from Timika, about 2 this community’s true love of Israel and is Papua New Guinea, home of the Go- hours by plane, had an interesting sto- godala tribe in the second story. Ed.] the God of Israel. Israeli flags were ev- ry. They actually had a Torah that they erywhere, and we could feel their strong brought with them. Around the turn of the Kehilat Yehudim Torat Chaim desire to move to their ancestral origins 20th century, the missionaries took it and of “Yabi Saba,” or what they say was Jeru- On the western half of the island of New burnt their books. They, too, have now salem. They described their traditions and Guinea, in the Indonesian town of Jay- reemerged as Jews and have a synagogue the difference between themselves and all apura,live 150 people who are part of a as well. It is hard for the groups to get to- of the other tribes. We talked about Jew- vibrant Jewish community called Kehilat gether as a community because the flights ish history and destiny, and we tried to Yehudim Torat Chaim. One thing that are expensive. One thing that bodes well give them hope and support. makes this community unique is that they for them is the interesting American-born We needed to fly back on Friday for the are a proud and open Jewish community Orthodox rabbi who lives in Jakarta. Rab- Sabbath but our flight from this remote lo- in the world’s most populous Muslim-ma- bi Tuvia Singer, who is well-known as the cation was cancelled. We had brought al- jority country. They are proud of their director of a counter-missionary organi- most nothing with us for the one night stay heritage and openly fly the Israeli flag and zation, moved to Jakarta and helps and and all our kosher food and Shabbat pro- declare themselves as Jews. supports the Timika community. I hope that with Kulanu’s assistance one or two visions were left back in the capital, Port We were met at the border of Papua New people will be able to travel there for a Moresby. Also we had scheduled a large Guinea and Indonesia by members of this month. The community also desires to gathering of tribe members in the capital community and we immediately drove to have a Sefer Torah. for Shabbat so we needed to return. It was Jayapura, Indonesia, the provincial capi- explained to us that the closest plane was tal, where the synagogue is in the house Time will tell where this story goes. on the Island of Daru, “six hours down- of Aharon Sharon, the community’s lead- river.” Thus started an adventure worthy er. We were welcomed by passionate An Unexpected Shabbat in Papua New of a book. The six hours turned into 24 singing—with dancing and jumping— for Guinea hours with stops in remote river villag- close to 30 minutes. This is a community es, and facing potential tidal waves and There’s a riveting video on YouTube with the open sea with large waves—all on a of all ages, including many young people hundreds of people wearing grass skirts and kids. Everyone works; most of them small dinghy! We made landfall Friday and war paint in Papua New Guinea, work in the world’s largest gold mine for at 12:30 only to have the afternoon flight all singing the Shema. My interest was 2 weeks on and then two weeks off. They back to Port Moresby cancelled. With no piqued, and when I heard Kulanu was in- explained that they arranged not to work food, dirty and wet clothing, and no place volved, I decided to visit the tribe, known on Shabbat when they are at the mine. to sleep, we, along with Tony, turned a as the Gogodala. The Gogodala claim disaster into one of our most meaningful Aharon shared this story about his fam- descent from the ten lost tribes of Israel, Shabbats. When he understood we would ily’s history: his ancestors fled to Peru and a visit by Kulanu volunteers and Pro- not fly on Saturday, he kept repeating in during the Inquisition. When the Inquisi- fessor Tudor Parfitt in 2007 cemented a amazement, “What a testament this obser- tion followed them to Peru, the commu- relationship with a community in search vance of the Sabbath will be!” of itself. Their dynamic leader, Tony Wai- nity sent some young people in a boat However, maybe the most surprising sa, reinstituted their traditional Saturday westward to a place their ancestors called thing was that on this isolated backwater prayers and is pushing for a more Jewish the “Blue Mountain.” After a sojourn in were three small groups of Gogodala Sab- approach to tradition, yet others in the Japan, where Aharon’s unique last name bath believers. We met them on Shabbat tribe disagree. The emergence of Jewish comes from, they landed in Jayapura. afternoon in a house. We were amazed to identity is fascinating to observe. They kept Shabbat and Jewish customs. see a lectern with the Star of David, the When Indonesia required all residents to The tribe is centered in the small village flag of Israel, and the Shema tacked up declare membership in one of the official of Balimo, which is located in the jungle on the wall. When people in kippot and religions in the country, they chose to be and only reachable by a small plane twice with tallitot arrived, we understood that called Christians. Yet they did not go to a week. We took a 12-seater, landed on a we were supposed to spend Shabbat here. church. The missionaries caused them to grass strip, and 1 1⁄2 hours later after trav- How the emerging Gogodala will turn out dilute their beliefs and practice. When eling on a dinghy upriver, we made land- is yet to be seen. Their balance of Judaism asked about their customs and traditions, fall to an extremely joyful welcome. Five and Christianity is in flux. However, they Aharon related how they were sung a lul- hundred people were waiting, with long all feel a sense of belonging to the people laby with the words, “Once you were 12 rows of men, women, and children wear- of Israel. But this phenomenon of return, brothers, now you are none.” Discussing ing kippot and tallitot, dancing, singing joining, and reemergence is spreading. I his ancestors, he did not remember first Jewish songs, and blowing the shofar, and am proud to say that Kulanu is at the fore- names as they would not call an elder by they accompanied us towards the large front of this worldwide movement. 1212 PointsPointsPoints EastEast East Sugihara’s Son Sets RecordChinese Straight National Yet religion Institute never forentered Jewish the picture, Studies ac- Establishedto escape,” Nobuki said. “He truly did not Chinese Nationalcording Institute to Nobuki. for “The Jewish truth is, heStudies just took Established realize the magnitude of his actions until 12 event. Professor Yang Zhong,Points Vice PartyEast By Cnaan Liphshiz pityevent. on these Professor people Yang and Zhong,decided Viceto do Partysome - much,ttStrengthen much later the in academiclife.”…The linksyounger be - Secretary of Nanjing University, congratu- Strengthen the academic links be- Chinese NationalExcerpted Institute from The Timesfor Jewish of Israel, Studies23 May thing,”EstablishedSecretary Nobuki of Nanjing Sugihara University, said. “This congratu wasn’t- Sugiharatween said member it gives institutions, him great pleasure establish lated the official establishment of the CNI- tween member institutions, establish 2019 aboutlated ideology.”…the official establishment of the CNI- tocross-university tell Jewish audiences research about teams, his father’s make event. Professor Yang Zhong, Vice Party JSt onStrengthen behalf of Nanjing the academic University. links be- cross-university research teams, make character,collaborative which innovations, few of the people conduct he res co-- 12 TheSecretary late Chiune of Nanjing Sugihara, University, who issuedPoints congratu thou East- - TheJS tweenon life behalf of Nobuki member of Nanjing Sugihara, institutions, University. Chiune’s establish young- collaborative innovations, conduct co- The founding member universities are operative research and apply for joint sandslated of life-savingthe official visas establishment to Jewish refugees of the CNI in - estThe cross-universityson founding and the only member researchone still universities alive, teams, has make been are cuedoperative got to research know. “I and feel apply at home for speakjoint - Chinese National Institute for Jewish Studies Established Nanjing University, Peking University, ingacademic to Jewish subjects. audiences,” Nobuki said. “I LithuaniaJS on behalf in defiance of Nanjing of his University.pro-Nazi govern - shapedNanjingcollaborative significantly University, innovations, by Pekingwhat his conduct University, father hadco - academic subjects. event. Professor Yang Zhong, Vice Party t Shandong University, Henan University, feel the warmth from the people I speak ment, becameStrengthen popularly the academicknown only links about be - done.Shandongoperative In 1985, University, research Chiune and Henan Sugihara apply University, forwas joint de - Share teaching and research faculties Secretary of Nanjing University, congratu- The founding member universities are Beijing International Studies University, to,Share who teaching react to andmy directness.” research faculties Most of 20 yearstween ago, member in part due institutions, to the 2000 establish open- claredBeijingacademic a InternationalRighteous subjects. Among Studies the University,Nations by and encourage professors to teach or lated the official establishment of the CNI- Nanjing University, Peking University, Shanghai International Studies University, all,and though, encourage he finds professors conversations to teach with or ing ofcross-university a museum about research him in Japan. teams, A makeyear theShanghai State of InternationalIsrael. In 1968, Studies the Israeli University, Foreign deliver lectures in other member uni- JS on behalf of Nanjing University. RepresentativesShandongcollaborative University, from innovations, eight Henan Chinese conduct University, univer co- - SichuanShare teaching International and Studies research University, faculties survivorsdeliver lectures and their in descendants other member satisfying. uni- earlier, a Sugihara museum celebrating his MinistrySichuan arranged International for a scholarship Studies University, for Nobu - versities. RepresentativessitiesBeijingoperative gathered International researchin from Nanjing eight and Studies OctoberChinese apply University, univer28for and joint- andand University encourage of professors International to teach Business or versities. The founding member universities areactions had opened in Kaunas, Lithuania. kiand at Hebrew University University…He of International went Business to Israel Duringt a recent encounter in Israel, one sitiesformallyShanghaiacademic gathered announced International insubjects. Nanjing the October establishmentStudies University,28 and of anddeliver Economics, lectures all in of other which member are within uni- Enhance cooperation with research Nanjing University, Peking University, andand eventually Economics, took all a job of whichat the Ramat are within womantEnhance recalled cooperation how Nobuki’s with research father, Representatives from eight Chinese univer- AmidformallytheSichuan Chinese the announcedgrowing International National recognition, the Institute establishmentStudies forone University, Jewishof ofthe Chineseversities. higher education circles and had institutions in Israel or other countries, Shandong University, Henan University, sensinginstitutions her distressin Israel in or line other for countries,a visa, told sities gathered in Nanjing October 28 and Sugihara’stheStudiesand ChineseShare University (CNIJS) four teaching National .children, The of and Institute InternationalInstitute Nobuki, research was for recently Jewishformed facultiesBusiness EvenChineseestablished without higher anthe institute educationembellishments or circlesa center that and for Nobu hadJew - co-host international academic sym- Beijing International Studies University, tEnhance cooperation with research herco-host to go internationalback home. The academic diplomat sym told- formally announced the establishment of beganStudiesfollowingandand traveling Economics, (CNIJS)encourage the . suggestionaround The all professors Institute the of whichworld of was Madam to telling are formed teach within Liuau or- kiestablishedish Sugihara or Israel insists an studies institute on beforedebunking, or a 2014.center his for father’s Jew- posiums with them, and invite or hire Shanghai International Studies University, institutions in Israel or other countries, herposiums that “in with the morning,them, and she invite will haveor hire her the Chinese National Institute for Jewish diencesfollowingYandong,Chinesedeliver about the Vicehigher lectures his suggestion father’s Premier education in legacy. other of circles MadamChina, member But Nobukiand who Liu unihad - storyish or is Israel legendary. studies beforeChiune 2014. Sugihara, who international high-level experts to con- Representatives from eight Chinese univer- Sichuan International Studies University, Atco-host its first convention, international the CNIJS academic sets up sym the- visainternational and everything high-level will be experts all right.” to con- Studies (CNIJS). The Institute was formed Sugihara’sYandong,servesestablishedversities. as Chineseaim Vice anis Premiernotinstitute Chairman to glorify or of aof China,centerhis the father, Sino-Is for who Jewhe - - died in 1986, ignored orders from Tokyo duct lecture tours among member in- sities gathered in Nanjing October 28 and and University of International Business Atfollowing posiumsits first convention, goals with forthem, the the Institute:and CNIJS invite sets upor thehire duct lecture tours among member in- following the suggestion of Madam Liu toldservesraelish tthe Joint oras JewishIsrael Chinese Innovation studies Telegraphic Chairman Committee,before Agency. of2014. the officially Sino-Is If any- - while posted to Kaunas (then Kovno) in 1940 stitutions or serve as visiting scholars. formally announced the establishment of and Economics, all of which are within Enhance cooperation with research followinginternational goals forhigh-level the Institute: experts to con- stitutions or serve as visiting scholars. Yandong, Vice Premier of China, who thing,raelestablishedAt Joint itshis first goal Innovation inconvention, seemsJanuary to Committee, 2015 be the to betweenCNIJS cut his officiallysets father’s China up the and helped Jews flee the Nazis and travel the Chinese National Institute for Jewish Chinese higher education circles and had institutions in Israel or other countries, duct lecture tours among member in- Int theIncrease Field the interaction between serves as Chinese Chairman of the Sino-Is- publicestablishedandfollowing co-host Israel image underin goalsdown internationalJanuary for the to the 2015size…One leadership Institute: between academic of of theChina China symsto - - through Russia to China, Japan and beyond. tIncrease the interaction between Studies (CNIJS). The Institute was formed established an institute or a center for Jew- stitutions or serve as visiting scholars. Hestudents Once ofWas member Lost institutions,But Now inteIs - rael Joint Innovation Committee, officially riesandMinistry he posiums Israel refutes of underEducation. inwith his the them,talks leadership is andthe oneinvite of about China or hishire He issued over 2,000 visas, which led at least following the suggestion of Madam Liu ish or Israel studies before 2014. Foundstudentsgrate the of existing member Jewish-Israel institutions, studies inte- established in January 2015 between China fatherMinistryinternational writing of Education. visas high-levelon the train experts he left toon confor - twicet asIncrease many people the interaction to safety. As between many as grateresearch the existing paper competitions Jewish-Israel of studies mem - Yandong, Vice Premier of China, who At its first convention, the CNIJS sets up the Professor Xu Xin, Director of the Diane and and Israel under the leadership of China Germanyduct after lecture being tours expelled among from member his post in - 100,000students people of membertoday are the institutions, descendants inte of- SJIresearchber Board schools, papermember set competitions up Dan“CNIJS Levitsky Outstanding of mem re-- serves as Chinese Chairman of the Sino-Is- Ministryfollowing of Education. goals for the Institute: ProfessorGuilford GlazerXu Xin, Institute Director for of Jewish the Diane and andIsra - ports that Shi Lei is alive and well in Lithuania.stitutions Sugihara or serve supposedly as visiting “threw scholars. the the graterecipients the existingof Sugihara Jewish-Israel visas. studies berStudent schools, Paper set upAward,” “CNIJS and Outstanding encourage rael Joint Innovation Committee, officially Guilfordel Studies Glazer of Nanjing Institute University, for Jewish was and elect Isra-- and living in Kaifeng—after having Professor Xu Xin, Director of the Diane and signed visas” through a train window, as the research paper competitions of mem- students to apply for master programs established in January 2015 between China eled Studies itst firstIncrease of President. Nanjing the University, Professorinteraction was Qianhong between elect- His official title was with the consular depart- visitedStudent Israel. Paper Award,” and encourage Guilford Glazer Institute for Jewish and Isra- Kaunas museum states on its website… ber schools, set up “CNIJS Outstanding at member universities. and Israel under the leadership of China edZhang, itsstudents first Vice President. President of member Professor of Zhengzhou institutions, Qianhong Uni inte - - ment in Kaunas, but really he was a Japanese students to apply for master programs el Studies of Nanjing University, was elect- Student Paper Award,” and encourage Kudos I Ministry of Education. AnotherZhang,versitygrate andVicemyth the DirectorPresident existinghas Chiune of of Jewish-IsraelInstitute Zhengzhou Sugihara for Jewish giving studiesUni- intelligence operative collecting informa- att memberCo-form universities. a Chinese Academic Del- ed its first President. Professor Qianhong and Israel Studies of Henan University, and tionstudents on the Russians,to apply hisfor sonmaster said programsin Minsk, Rabbi Anson Laytner’s newest book Professor Xu Xin, Director of the Diane and hisversity consularresearch and Directorseals paper to refugeesof competitions Institute so forthey ofJewish could mem - tegation of Jewish-Israel Studies to visit Zhang, Vice President of Zhengzhou Uni- Professor Youde Fu, Director of the Center confirmingat member an openuniversities. secret about the father. hasCo-form just been a published Chinese Academic by Wipf and Del- Guilford Glazer Institute for Jewish and Isra- continueand berIsrael schools,making Studies visas setof Henan up on “CNIJS their University, own Outstanding after and he t crucial Jewish Studies institutions in versity and Director of Institute for Jewish for Judaism and Interreligious Studies of When Setthe up Russians a National invaded Teaching Lithuania Steering in Stock.egation Titledof Jewish-Israel The Mystery Studies of Sufferto visit- el Studies of Nanjing University, was elect- wasProfessor Studentforced Youde to Paper leave. Fu, Award,” DirectorAlso never andof the happened,encourage Center tCo-form a Chinese Academic Del- Israel and America, and strive to es- and Israel Studies of Henan University, and Shandong University, were elected its Vice 1940,tCommittee,Set foreign up a diplomats, Nationalaffiliating Teachingincludinga “Hebrew SteeringSugihara, Teach - ingcrucial and Jewishthe Meaning Studies of institutions God: Auto in- ed its first President. Professor Qianhong Nobukifor Judaismstudents said. andto apply Interreligious for master Studies programs of egation of Jewish-Israel Studies to visit tablish connections with International Professor Youde Fu, Director of the Center Presidents. Professor Lihong Song, Deputy Committee,ing Subcommittee,” affiliating a a “Hebrew “Jewish Teach Culture- biographicalIsrael and America, and Theological and strive Reflec to es-- Zhang, Vice President of Zhengzhou Uni- Shandongtat memberSet University,up a universities.National were Teachingelected its Steering Vice werecrucial ordered Jewish to move Studies out. institutions in Associations for Jewish Studies and As- for Judaism and Interreligious Studies of TheDirector formation of the of Diane myths and around Guilford any Glazerheroic ingTeaching Subcommittee,” Subcommittee” a “Jewish led by Culture Shan - tions,tablish it connectionsis his effort withto come International to grips versity and Director of Institute for Jewish Presidents.Committee, Professor affiliating Lihong a “HebrewSong, Deputy Teach - BeforeIsrael leaving, and America,Sugihara and and his strive Dutch to coun es-- withsociations the tragedies for Israel in hisStudies. life as well as Shandong University, were elected its Vice characterInstitutetCo-form foris natural, Jewish a Chinese andhe acknowledged. Israel Academic Studies was“But Del - Teachingdong University, Subcommittee” a “Israel ledStudies by ShanTeach- - Associations for Jewish Studies and As- and Israel Studies of Henan University, and Directoring Subcommittee,”of the Diane and aGuilford “Jewish Glazer Culture terpart,tablish Jan connectionsZwartendijk, issued with International the visas, in- natural and human-caused tragedies. Presidents. Professor Lihong Song, Deputy myappointed fatheregation would Secretary of Jewish-Israel not General.have liked StudiesThe it,” Secretar Nobuki to visit- donging Subcommittee,”University, a “Israel a “HolocaustStudies Teach and- sociationstSet up for publication Israel Studies. funds and spon- Professor Youde Fu, Director of the Center InstituteTeaching for Jewish Subcommittee” and Israel Studies led by was Shan - cludingAnti-SemitismAssociations some to for the Teaching Jewish entire Studiesstudent Subcommittee.” andbody As of- DirectortSet of upthe aDiane National and TeachingGuilford GlazerSteering Sugihara iat ofcrucial the said. CNIJS Jewish“He will would Studiesbe locatedhave institutionsnot at approved, Nanjing in ing Subcommittee,” a “Holocaust and Kudossor the II publication of monographs and for Judaism and Interreligious Studies of appointeddong University,Secretary General. a “Israel The Studies Secretar Teach- - theAll sociationsMir of Yeshiva…Mir these for committees Israel was Studies. the offer only discussionyeshiva to tSet up publication funds and spon- InstituteCommittee, for Jewish affiliating and Israel a “Hebrew Studies Teach was -heUniversity. wasIsrael always and in America, favor of telling and strive things to like es - Anti-Semitism Teaching Subcommittee.” Prof.translation Steve Hochstadton Jewish-Israel is editor studies. of A Shandong University, were elected its Vice iat ofing the Subcommittee,” CNIJS will be located a “Holocaust at Nanjing and escapeandt Eastern give teaching Europe. techniques, formulate sor the publication of monographs and appointeding Subcommittee,” Secretary General. a “Jewish The Secretar Culture- they tablishwere, no connections melodrama.” with Some International Christian All ofSet these up publication committees funds offer discussionand spon - Century of Jewish Life in Shanghai Presidents. Professor Lihong Song, Deputy University.The Anti-Semitismgrand ceremony Teaching was held Subcommittee.” at Nanjing teaching syllabi and course outlines, as translationtIncrease on theJewish-Israel proportion studies. of Jewish- iat ofTeaching the CNIJS Subcommittee” will be located led at Nanjing by Shan -writersAssociations and websites for have Jewish attributed Studies religious and As - Chiuneandsor the giveSugihara publication teaching had techniques, noof monographsidea for formulate decades and to be published later this year by the Director of the Diane and Guilford Glazer University.All of theseMs. Zhu committees Li, an official offer from discussion Chi- well as provide teaching references for Israel studies students that can receive University.dong University, a “Israel Studies Teach-motivesThe sociationsgrand to Sugihara.ceremony for Israel One was Studies.fake held quote at Nanjing has him thatteachingtranslation he had syllabisaved on Jewish-Israel soand many course lives, outlines,studies. according as AcademictIncrease Studies the proportion Press. of Jewish- Institute for Jewish and Israel Studies was sayingna Ministryand “I may give of have teachingEducation, to disobey techniques, came my government,to mark formulate the other potential institutes of Jewish studies. China-Israel government scholarships. The inggrand Subcommittee,” ceremony was aheld “Holocaust at Nanjing and University. t Ms. Zhu Li, an official from Chi- to wellhist son.Increase as provide“He assumed the teaching proportion a few references people, of Jewish- may for - GotIsrael News studies for students “In the that Field”? can receive Send appointed Secretary General. The Secretar- but ifteaching I doSet not, up syllabiI willpublication be and disobeying course funds God.” outlines,and spon as- University.Anti-Semitism Ms. Zhu Teaching Li, an official Subcommittee.” from Chi- na Ministry of Education, came to mark the beother Israela few potential studiesdozen, instituteshadstudents actually of that Jewish used can studies.thereceive visas itChina-Israel in to [email protected]. government scholarships. iat of the CNIJS will be located at Nanjing 12 wellsor the as publication provide teaching of monographs references and for Points East University. na MinistryAll of these of Education, committees came offer to mark discussion the othertranslation potential on institutesJewish-IsraelJoin of Jewish studies. studies. TheChina-Israel Sino-Judaic government scholarships. Institute and give teaching techniques, formulate Benefactor ...... $1,000+ The grand ceremony was held at Nanjing teaching syllabi and course outlines, as Thet IncreaseSino-Judaic the proportionInstituteJoin is of aMail Jewish-non-denominational,The to: The Sino-JudaicSino-Judaic Institute, non-profit, Prof. andSteve non- HochstadtInstitute Patron ...... 500 University. Ms. Zhu Li, an official from Chi- Join The Sino-Judaic Institute Benefactor ...... $1,000+ well as provide teaching references for politicalIsrael studies organization1252 students West thatCollegewhich can wasAvenue,receive founded Jacksonville, in 1985 IL 62650,by an orinternat sign upional online atCorporate www.sino-judaic.org Patron ...... 500 na Ministry of Education, came to mark the other potential institutes of Jewish studies. TheChina-Israel Sino-Judaic government Institute scholarships. is a non-denominational,Benefactor ...... non-profit, and$1,000+ non- PatronCorporate ...... 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