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Integrating Environmental Issues Into a Strategy Public Disclosure Authorized for Sustainable Agricultural Development

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Integrating Environmental Issues Into a Strategy Public Disclosure Authorized for Sustainable Agricultural Development _ _ _ WTP- 146 Integrating Environmental Issues into a Strategy Public Disclosure Authorized for Sustainable Agricultural Development The Case of Mozambique L Alemneh Dejene and Jos' Olivares L* I EEDS*C IMMQDITIE' :)UNTRYSTII UDEVELI EVELOMN N AND TI Public Disclosure Authorized ICOE ERNVRONMI EVALU PRICEJ 2 TASOE~~~~~a )EVEL~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~V PlLDPL Public Disclosure Authorized IVOME~~~~~~ IONsK^fffyw FORESTESOUR(G; iEeS-_ - =S~~~PL ANDMAUATUIGISTU Ft EUELN TEU..N Public Disclosure Authorized RECENT WORLD BANK TECHNICAL PAPERS No. 82 Vogel, CostRecovery in the HealthCare Sector: Selected Country Studies in West Africa No. 83 Ewing and Chalk, The ForestIndustries Sector: An OperationalStrategy for DevelopingCountries No. 84 Vergara and Brown, The New Faceof the World PetrochemicalSector: Implications for Developing Countries No. 85 Ernst & Whinney, ProposalsforMonitoring the Performanceof ElectricUtilities No. 86 Munasinghe, IntegratedNational Energy Planning and Management:Methodology and Applicationto Sri Lanka No. 87 Baxter, Slade, and Howell, Aid and AgriculturalExtension: Evidence from the WorldBank and Other Donors No. 88 Vuylsteke, Techniquesof Privatizationof State-OwnedEnterprises, vol. I:Methods and Implementation No. 89 Nankani, Techniquesof Privatizationof State-OwnedEnterprises, vol. II: SelectedCountry CaseStudies No. 90 Candoy-Sekse, Techniquesof Privatizationof State-OwnedEnterprises, vol. III: Inventory of Country Experienceand ReferenceMaterials No. 91 Reij, Mulder, and Begemann, WaterHarvesting for Plant Production:A ComprehensiveReview of the Literature No. 92 The Petroleum Finance Company, Ltd., WorldPetroleum Markets: A Frameworkfor ReliableProjection No. 93 Batstone, Smith, and Wilson, The SafeDisposal of HazardousWastes: The SpecialNeeds and Problems of DevelopingCountries No. 94 Le Moigne, Barghouti, and Plusquellec, Technologicaland InstitutionalInnovation in Irrigation No. 95 Swanson and Wolde-Semait,Africa's Public Enterprise Sector and Evidenceof Reforms No. 96 Razavi, The New Era of PetroleumTrading: Spot Oil, Spot-RelatedContracts, and FuturesMarkets No. 97 Asia Technical Department and Europe, Middle East, and North Africa Technical Department, Improvingthe Supply of Fertilizersto DevelopingCountries: A Summary of the WorldBank's Experience No. 98 Moreno and Fallen Bailey, AlternativeTransport Fuels from NaturalGas No. 99 International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage, Planning theManagement, Operation, and Maintenanceof Irrigationand DrainageSystems: A Guidefor the Preparationof Strategiesand Manuals(also in French, 99F) No. 100 Veldkamp, RecommendedPractices for Testing Water-PumpingWindmills No. 101 van Meel and Smulders, WindPumping: A Handbook No. 102 Berg and Brems, A Casefor PromotingBreastfeeding in Projectsto Limit Fertility No. 103 Banerjee,Shrubs in TropicalForest Ecosystems: Examples from India No. 104 Schware, The WorldSoftware Industry and SoftwareEngineering: Opportunities and Constraints for Newly IndustrializedEconomies No. 105 Pasha and McGarry, Rural WaterSupply and Sanitationin Pakistan:Lessons from Experience No. 106 Pinto and Besant-Jones,Demand and NetbackValues for Gasin Electricity No. 107 ElectricPower Research Institute and EMENA,The CurrentState of AtmosphericFluidized-Bed CombustionTechnology No. 108 Falloux, LandInformation and Remote Sensingfor RenewableResource Management in Sub-Saharan Africa:A Demand-DrivenApproach (also in French, 108F) No. 109 Carr, Technologyfor Small-ScaleFarmers in Sub-SaharanAfrica: Experience with FoodCrop Production in FiveMajor EcologicalZones No. 110 Dixon, Talbot, and Le Moigne, Damsand the Environment:Considerations in WorldBank Projects No. 111 Jeffcoateand Pond, Large WaterMeters: Guidelines for Selection,Testing, and Maintenance No. 112 Cook and Grut, Agroforestryin Sub-SaharanAfrica: A Farmer'sPerspective (List continues on the inside back cover) WORLDBANK TECHNICAL PAPER NUMBER 146 IntegratingEnvironmental Issues into a Strategy for Sustainable AgriculturalDevelopment The Case of Mozambique Alemneh Dejene and Jose Olivares The World Bank Washington, D.C. Copyright 0 1991 The IntemnationalBank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLDBANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433,U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing August 1991 Technical Papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank's work to the development community with the least possible delay. The typescript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formal printed texts, and the World Bank accepts no responsibility for errors. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use. Any maps that accompany the text have been prepared solely for the convenience of readers; the designations and presentation of material in them do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Bank, its affiliates, or its Board or member countries concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or of the authorities thereof or concerning the delimitation of its boundaries or its national affiliation. The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce portions of it should be sent to Director, Publications Department, at the address shown in the copyright notice above. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally give permission promptly and, when the reproduction is for noncommercial purposes, without asking a fee. Permission to photocopy portions for classroom use is not required, though notification of such use having been made will be appreciated. The complete bacldist of publications from the World Bank is shown in the annual Index of Publications, which contains an alphabetical title list (with full ordering information) and indexes of subjects, authors, and countries and regions. The latest edition is available free of charge from the Publications Sales Unit, Department F, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433,U.S.A., or from Publications, The World Bank, 66, avenue d'Iena, 75116Paris, France. ISSN: 0253-7494 When this paper was written, Alemneh Dejene was a consultant to the Agriculture Operations Division of the World Bank's Southern Africa Department. Jose Olivares is principal agricultural economist in the same division. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dejene, Alemneh. Integrating environmental issues into a strategy for sustainable agricultural development: the case of Mozambique / Alemneh Dejene and Jos6 Olivares. p. cm. - (World Bank technical paper, ISSN 0253-7494;no. 146) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN0-8213-1850-0 1. Agriculture-Economic aspects-Mozambique. 2. Agriculture- -Environmental aspects-Mozambique. 3. Environmental policy- -Mozambique. I. Olivares, Jose, 1939- . II. Title. m. Series. HD2129.Z8D45 1991 363.7'056'09679-dc2O 91-25127 CIP Contents Abbreviations ................................................. iv Summaryand Conclusions . ......................................... v I. Background ............................................... 1 II. Major Agriculturaland Natural Resource Features of Mozambique . ..................................... 4 A. Agricultural Production . ..................................... 4 B. Land Tenure ............................................ 5 C. Inland Waters ............................................ 6 D. Coastal Waters ............................................ 7 E. MangroveEcosystems . ....................................... 7 F. Forest Resources .......................................... 8 E. Wildlife ............................................ 9 III. The Effects of the Civil War on the Environment .11 A. The Displaced People and EmergencyAssistance .11 B. The Effects of the Displaced Populationon Land Resources .12 C. The Effects of the Civil War on Inland and Coastal Water Resources.14 D. The Effects of the Civil War on Forest and Wildlife Resources .14 IV. Major EnvironmentalPolicy Issues in SustainableAgricultural Development .... 16 A. Land Tenure .16 B. "Green Zone" DevelopmentPolicy .18 C. Constructionof Large Dams for Hydropower .19 Human Displacement.20 Water-borneDiseases .20 DownstreamEffects .20 Wildlife .21 Fisheries .21 Salt Intrusion .21 D. Large-Scale Irrigation Schemes .. 21 Salinization .22 Siltation and Sedimentation .................................. 23 Water-borneDiseases . ..................................... 23 Cropping Pattern and Intensity ............................... 23 E. Manpowerand InstitutionalCapacity for Water Management ............... 23 F. Water Pricing Policy . ....................................... 24 G. Depletion of Forest Resources .............. .................. 24 H. StumpageRate Policy .................. ..................... 25 I. Legislation,Manpower, and InstitutionalIssues in Forest Protection and Development ........................... 26 J. Afforestationfor Fuelwood and EnvironmentalProtection ............... 27 V. Notes ................................................ 28 Maps iii Abbreviations
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