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Chapter I Christianity in Kerala: Tracing Antecedents
CHAPTER I CHRISTIANITY IN KERALA: TRACING ANTECEDENTS Introduction This chapter is an analysis of the early history of Christianity in Kerala. In the initial part it attempts to trace the historical background of Christianity from its origin to the end of seventeenth century. The period up to the colonial period forms the first part after which the history of the colonial part is given. This chapter also tries to examine how colonial forces interfered in the life of Syrian Christians and how it became the foremost factor for the beginning of conflicts. It tried to explain about the splits that happened in the community because of the interference of the Portuguese. It likewise deals with the relation of Dutch with the Syrian Christian community. It also discusses the conflict between the Jesuit and Carmelite missionaries. History of Christianity in Kerala in the Pre-Colonial Period Kerala, which is situated on the south west coast of Peninsular India, is one of the oldest centers of Christianity in the world. This coast was popularly known as Malabar. The presence of Christian community in the pre-colonial period of Kerala is an unchallenged reality. It began to appear here from the early days of Christendom.1 But the exact period in which Christianity was planted in Malabar, by whom, how or under what conditions, cannot be said with any confidence. However historians have offered unimportant guesses in the light of traditional legends and sources. The origin of Christianity was subject to wide enquiry and research by scholars. Different contradictory theories have been formulated by historians, religious leaders, and politicians on the Christian proselytizing in India. -
Parish Bulletin May -2015
Vol. 03 Issue No. 5 MAY 2015 ST. THOMAS ORTHODOX CATHEDRAL - DUBAI for private circulation only P.O. Box : 2563, Dubai - UAE Tel : 04-337 1122, Fax : 04-335 2252 Email : [email protected] www.stthomascathedraldubai.org Fr. Lany Chacko Asst. Vicar We have been created to love God, and ‘If any man would come after me, let him this love is expressed in the fulfillment deny himself and take up his cross daily of the divine will, with the obedience of and follow me’. To follow Christ in our sons and daughters. But our first parents daily work is to fulfill there the divine will disobeyed, and through disobedience with the same obedience as Christ. The suffering and death entered the world. The goal is much higher: at every moment Son of God assumed our nature to make we have to strive to die to our own will, reparation for sin, fully obeying God’s will renouncing everything personal, so as to in his own human will. For as by one man’s make God’s will our own. In us, our own disobedience many were made sinners, will includes our selfishness, a disordered so by one man’s obedience many will be love of self. Now, with his grace, we can made righteous. The sacrifice of Calvary offer God, the struggle against selfishness is the culmination of Christ’s obedience for love. To become identified with the to his Father: he became obedient unto divine will, each of us has to reach the death, even to the death on a cross. -
Holy Fathers of the Syrian Orient Entombed in Kerala
Holy Fathers of The Syrian Orient Entombed in Kerala Cor-Episcopo K. Mani Rajan, M.Sc., M.Ed., Ph.D. J. S. C. Publications Patriarchal Centre Puthencruz 2017 Holy Fathers of The Syrian Orient Entombed in Kerala Cor-Episcopo K. Mani Rajan First Edition 2017 Copyright Reserved All rights reserved. No reproduction or translation in whole or part is allowed without written permission from the author. Price Rs. 45.00 Typesetting and Cover Design by: Julius C. Abraham, megapixel Graphics, Kottayam Printed at: Mor Julius Press, Puthencruz Published By: J. S. C. Publications MD Church Centre, Patriarchal Centre Puthencruz, Kerala, India Phone: + 91 484 2255581, 3299030 Copies: 1000 Contents Preface ................................................................ v 1. Mor Ahathulla, Martyr ......................................... 1 2. St. Gregorius Abdul Jaleel .................................. 4 3. Mor Baselios Yeldho Maphrian ........................... 7 4. Mor Anthrayose, Kallada .................................. 11 5. Mor Ivanios Hidayathulla, Delegate .................. 14 6. Mor Baselios Shakr Allah III .............................. 18 7. Mor Gregorius Yuhanon .................................... 22 8. Mor Ivanios Yuhanon ........................................ 25 9. St. Mor Coorilos Yuyakkim, the Delegate ......... 28 10. Mor Athanasius Shem’un, the Delegate ........... 33 11. St. Mor Osthatheos Sleeba, the Delegate ........ 35 12. St. Ignatius Elias III Shakir ................................ 41 13. Mor Julios Elias Qoro, the Delegate -
The Role of Syriac in India Before the Portuguese Period
ARAM, 21 (2009) 289-321. doi: 10.2143/ARAM.21.0.2047097 CLASSICAL SYRIAC AS A MODERN LINGUA FRANCA IN SOUTH INDIA BETWEEN 1600 AND 20061 Dr. ISTVÁN PERCZEL (University of Tübingen & Central European University, Budapest) I. INTRODUCTION: THE ROLE OF SYRIAC IN INDIA BEFORE THE PORTUGUESE PERIOD In South India there lives one of the most ancient Christian communities of the world. According to its own founding traditions it consists of two ele- ments: a majority descending from autochthonous Indian populations, among whom the first members were converted – according to tradition – by the Apostle Saint Thomas, and a minority descending from Syrian colonists who – once again according to the local tradition – arrived in India through the sea routes from Persia using the monsoon winds. These two communities are called the Northists (Vadakkumbhagar), that is, the autochthonous Indians, and 1 In whatever new material is presented in this study, the author has no personal merit. This material is the fruit of the joint efforts of a team, which, recently, has founded an Indian Asso- ciation for the Preservation of the Saint Thomas Christian Heritage. Unfortunately, each and every one of those who are working in the folds of and for this Association cannot be remem- bered by name. To mention only a few among many, particular gratitude is due on the part of the author to the following: to Mar Aprem, Honorary President of the Association, to whom he owes all his knowledge on the Chaldean Syrian Church in Thrissur and its antecedents, as well as on its documents; to His Beatitude, Baselios Thomas I, the Catholicos of the Malankara Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church of India, who gave him access to Syrian Orthodox collections and inscrip- tions and who graciously allowed their publication; to Cardinal Joseph Varkey Vittayatthil and Bishop Thomas Chakiath, who gave him access to the Syro-Malabar collections; to the Prior and the Librarian of Saint Joseph’s Monastery Mannanam, Frs. -
Episcopacy in Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church
EPISCOPACY IN MALANKARA AND THE EPISCOPAL CONSECRATION SERVICES OF THE MALANKARA MAR THOMA SYRIAN CHURCH JUHANON MAR THOMA Translation: Rev. Dr. P. G. George Episcopacy in Malankara and The Episcopal Consecration Services of The Mar Thoma Church EPISCOPACY IN MALANKARA AND THE EPISCOPAL CONSECRATION SERVICES OF THE MALANKARA MAR THOMA SYRIAN CHURCH JUHANON MAR THOMA Translation: Rev. Dr. P. G. George Publication Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church Animation Department 2 Episcopacy in Malankara and The Episcopal Consecration Services of The Mar Thoma Church (English) Translation: Rev. Dr. P. G. George Episcopacy in Malankara and The Episcopal Consecration of The Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church Author : Dr. Juhanon Mar Thoma (c) Reserved Translation: Rev. Dr. P. G. George Publisher: Mar Thoma Church Animation Department Distributors: Mar Thoma Book Depot Ph: 0469 - 2606090 First Impression (Malayalam) : 1975 Second Impression(Malayalam) : 2016 First Impression (English) : February 2017 No. of Copies: 1000 Editing & Cover Design: Rev. Abraham Varghese (Othera) Typing & Setting: Animation Creative Suite Publication Page Layout: Sam Crayons Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church Printed at: Five Star Offset Printers, Eranakulam Animation Department Price: ` 100/- 3 Episcopacy in Malankara and The Episcopal Consecration Services of The Mar Thoma Church Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church Apostolic See of St. Thomas DR. JOSEPH MAR THOMA METROPOLITAN Poolatheen, Thiruvalla P.O., Pathanamthitta Dist., Kerala-689 101, India FOREWORD As part of the ‘holy, catholic and apostolic’ church, Mar Thoma Syrian Church of Malabar is blessed with an authentic episcopacy in the Holy See of Apostle Thomas in Malankara. Metropolitan Dr. Juhanon Mar Thoma was a great leader who articulated the history, faith and practice of the Church with utmost care and passion. -
Bonner Querschnitte Bonn Profiles – Press Reports
Bonner Querschnitte Bonn Profiles – Press Reports Phone: +49 / 4106 / 804806; Fax: +49 / 4106 / 804807 E-Mail: [email protected]; http://www.bucer.org/bq.html Released for free complete or partial reproduction A joint platform for the following Bonn organi- BQ 369 – No. 33/2015 zations on the basis of the Evangelical Alliance: Commission for Religious Opening of the new Armenian Genocide Freedom of the German and the Austrian Evangelical Museum in Byblos Alliance www.ead.de/akref Culture and Science Publ. Schirrmacher brings greetings from the General www.vkwonline.com Secretary of the WEA Giving Hands – (Bonn, 01.09.2015) On the occasion of the opening of the new Genocide Museum in International Charity Byblos, Lebanon and the official centennial commemoration of the Armenian genocide www.gebende-haende.de held by the Armenian Orthodox Church, the World Evangelical Alliance assured the Help Worldwide – gathering of patriarchs International Charity and leaders of churches www.hilfe-weltweit.de from the Middle East that Institute for Prolife and Family they can count on the Studies solidarity and support of www.bucer.de/ilfw the WEA. In an appeal, signed by the General International Institute for Islamic Studies of the World Secretary of the WEA, Evangelical Alliance Bp. Efraim Tendero (The www.islaminstitute.net Philippines), and presented by Thomas International Institute for Religious Freedom of the Schirrmacher, the WEA World Evangelical Alliance challenged Christianity www.iirf.eu from the entire world to work together to prevent Martin Bucer Seminary www.bucer.org the complete expulsion of Thomas Schirrmacher bringing greetings from the WEA Christian churches from Pro Mundis e. -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses The liturgy of the Mar Thoma Syrian church of Malabar in the light of its history John, Zacharia How to cite: John, Zacharia (1994) The liturgy of the Mar Thoma Syrian church of Malabar in the light of its history, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5839/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk THE LITURGY OF THE MAE THOMA SYRIAN CHURCH OF MALABAR IN THE LIGHT OF ITS HISTORY The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived by from it should be acknowledged. Zach&ri® John Submitted for the degree of M.A„ in the faculty of Arts University of Durham 1994 25? 6 - V3 y 1 h FEB 1995 THE LITURGY OF THE MAR THOMA SYRIAN CHURCH OF MALABAR IN THE LIGHT OF ITS HISTORY. -
Liturgical Calendar 2016-17
St. Mary's Indian Orthodox Congregation NAPLES, FLORIDA. WWW.STMARYSSWFI.ORG Liturgical Calendar 2016-17 KOTTIL JOS LIK EPH PU M ' A IS R H T D O IO Y N ARTHAT CHURCH J CHIRALAYAM CHURCH Y A S H I U B S A I S ' B I 6 - C 1 E 0 KANDANAD PADIYOLA N -2 T 6 HOLY BIBLE 1811 EN 81 ARY YEAR 1 KANDANAD PADIYOLA OLD SEMINARY Beloved Faithful in Christ, TOMB OF SAINT The Orthodox Diocese of Ahmedabad (OLD SEMINARY CHAPPAL) under the Indian Orthodox Church, exalt thankful glory to the Lord Almighty for all the boons graced in publishing the ‘Liturgical Year Calendar of the Oriental Orthodox Syrian Church’. encouragement needed for this movement and The prime motto of this standardization is to ARTHAT PADIYOLA releasing it out with the Holy Hands on the occasion prepare the faithful with a life of true worship. It’s of the 80th Global Conference of our OCYM. We the third time in consecution, this very project is also take this opportunity to extend His Holiness been carried under the auspices of Ahmedabad field along with modern English values, hatching days of a week, and thus forming out seven all the best on his 70th birthday and join in prayers Diocese. out from the residential period of learning (the seasons in a year. As it illustrates the significance, that our Lord may bless His Holiness to guide His This year's Liturgical Calendar is been published Gurukula method) in early times, constructed the the commemorations, mode of tunes, lectionaries Church to many more spiritual heights. -
First Page Vol 4.Pmd
Martyrs, Saints & Prelates of The Syriac Orthodox Church Volume IV Cor-Episcopo K. Mani Rajan, M.Sc., M.Ed., Ph.D. J. S. C. Publications Patriarchal Centre Puthencruz 2016 Blank Dedicated to the blessed memory of Moran Mor Ignatius Zakka I Iwas (AD 1933 - 1914) Patriarch of Antioch & All the East Martyrs, Saints & Prelates of The Syriac Orthodox Church (Volume IV) Cor-Episcopo K. Mani Rajan, M.Sc., M.Ed., Ph.D. First Edition 2016 Copyright Reserved All rights reserved. No reproduction or translation in whole or part is allowed without written permission from the author. Price Rs. 90.00 U.S. $ 10.00 Typesetting and Cover Design by: Santhosh Joseph Printed at: Dona Colour Graphs, Kottayam Published By: J. S. C. Publications MD Church Centre, Patriarchal Centre Puthencruz, Kerala, India Phone: + 91 484 2255581, 3299030 Copies: 1000 iv Contents Apostolic Bull ................................................................ vii Preface ...........................................................................ix Acknowledgement ..........................................................xi Abbreviations used ........................................................ xiii 1. St. Simeon, the Aged & Morth Hannah .................. 01 2. St. Joseph of Arimathea ......................................... 03 3. St. Longinus, the Martyr......................................... 05 4. Sts.Shmuni, her seven children and Eliazar ........... 07 5. St. Evodius, The Patriarch of Antioch, Martyr .......... 11 6. St. Barnabas, the Apostle ..................................... -
Final Cover Spectrum13.02.20.Cdr
“Look, unto Jesus” ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN YOUTH MOVEMENT (OCYM) Patron: His Holiness Baselios CONTENTS Mar Thoma Paulose II (Catholicos of the East & Malankara Metropolitan) Editorial 2 President: His Grace Dr. Yuhanon Mar Chrysostomos From The Vicar's Desk - ""Aht\m ]cnip²mßmhv \ndªh\mbn 3 kzÀ¤¯nte¡v Däpt\m¡n, ssZhal¯zhpw ssZh¯nsâ (Metropolitan of Niranam Diocese) he¯p`mK¯v tbip\nevç¶Xpw Ip.'' Vice President: þ ^mZÀ D½³ amX| Rev. Fr. Varghese T. Varghese Looking Back at the Abundant Blessings of Almighty 4 DELHI DIOCESE Silver Jubilee Year 2020-2021 President: - Mr. C. I. Iype H. G. Dr. Youhanon Mar Demetrios Rejoice in The Lord 6 (Diocesan Metropolitan) - Ms. Sharin Mariam Samuel Vice President: Classrooms: A Place of Learning 8 Rev. Fr. T. J. Johnson - Ms. Deepa Blessan DILSHAD GARDEN UNIT Relationship with Syrian church of Antioch 9 Bishops of the Malankara Church' President: - Mr. Abraham Varghese Rev. Fr. Oommen Mathew Vice President : Glory to God in the highest 11 Mr. Binu Kunjachan - Ms. Annamma Varghese Secretary: Mr. Ashwin Varkey Peace and Harmony 12 Jt. Secretary: - Raji Cherian George Mrs. Nissy Thomas Treasurer: Importance of Prayer 13 Mr. Jubi Mathew - Mr. Shino Shaji K. Lady coordinator: Do not fear to lose what needs to be lost 14 Mrs. Mini Binu . OCMF Coordinator: - Ms. Sneha S George Mrs. Rani George AÀ½o\nb³ sa{Xm·mÀ¡v amthen¡cbnse kzoIcWw 15 Central Committee Representative þ kn. ]n. æªv (Male) - Mr. Shibi Paul (Female) - Mrs. Lijamol Joy Aneesh Crossword Puzzles 16 Worship Secretary: - Mr. Ajith Abraham Mr. Biju P. -
VI. the Seven and Half Churches St. Thomas Founded
VI. The Seven and Half Churches St. Thomas Founded As we have seen already, the Ezharapallikal (seven and half churhces) that St. Thomas the Apostle founded are at Kottakkayal (Kottakkavu. Present day North Paravur) Maliankara (Kodungallur, Crangannoor), Palayoor, Kollam, Niranam, Nilackal (Chayal), Kokkamangalam and Thiruvithamcode (Arapally, that is, Half-Church). 1. Kottakkayal or Kottakavu (Muziris) St. Thomas landed in Muziris, which was a big harbour, and in this geographical area, St. Thomas founded two Christian communities one at Kottakayal (Kottakkavu) and the other at Maliankara (Kodungallur- Azhikode). (picture 5) The history of Muziris starts from early 3000 BC when Babylonians, Assyrians and Egyptians came to the Malabar Coast (Kerala) in search for the spices. Later these Middle-East groups were joined by Arabs and Phoenicians. And gradually Muziris entered into the cartography of World trade map. Then onwards Muziris holds the key to a good chunk of Kerala's ancient history now the ancient trade route. The port was a key to the trade between southern India and the Phoenicians, the Persians, the Egyptians, the Greeks and the Roman Empire. The important known commodities exported from Muziris were spices (such as black pepper and malabathron, that is, cinnamon), semi-precious stones (such as beryl including emerald), pearls, diamonds, sapphires, ivory, silk, Gangetic spikenard and tortoise shells. The Romans brought money (in gold coins), peridots, thin clothing, figured linens, multicoloured textiles, sulfide of antimony, copper, tin, lead, coral, raw glass, wine, realgar and orpiment. Muziris has found mention in the bardic Tamil Sangam literature (300 BC to AD 300) and a number of classical European historical sources. -
SEIA NEWSLETTER on the Eastern Churches and Ecumenism
SEIA NEWSLETTER On the Eastern Churches and Ecumenism _______________________________________________________________________________________ Number 187: April 30, 2011 Washington, DC Death of the Major Archbishop of state. "I was deeply saddened to hear of the the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church The Syro-Malabar Church, an Eastern death of Cardinal Varkey Vithayathil, Ma- Catholic Church, traces its origin to St. jor Archbishop of Ernakulam-Angamaly. I Thomas the Apostle. The Vatican made the offer you, the clergy, religious and lay faith- HURCH LEADERS ARE MOURNING Syro-Malabar Church self-governing in ful of the entire Syro-Malabar Church my THE DEATH OF CARDINAL VARKEY 1992, but retained the right to decide on deepest condolences and the assurance of CVITHAYATHIL , HEAD OF THE SYRO - administrative matters for Syro-Malabar my prayers. I recall with gratitude the car- MALABAR CATHOLIC CHURCH . dioceses outside Kerala. dinal's dedication and service to the Syro- The cardinal, who headed the Syro- The late cardinal was ordained major Malabars and to the universal Church. I Malabar Archdiocese of Ernakulam- archbishop of the Syro-Malabar Church in join you and all who mourn him, including Angamaly, collapsed while celebrating 1997, when the Eastern church was divided the members of the late cardinal's family, in Mass April 1 and was rushed to a nearby over its liturgical patrimony and the bi- commending his soul to the infinite mercy hospital, where he died, reported the Asian shops were divided into two camps. of God our loving Father. To all assembled church news agency UCA News. The 84- In 2006, the cardinal reiterated his call for the solemn funeral liturgy, I cordially year-old prelate had suffered from heart for more rights for Syro-Malabar Catholics.