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Great Game to 9/11
Air Force Engaging the World Great Game to 9/11 A Concise History of Afghanistan’s International Relations Michael R. Rouland COVER Aerial view of a village in Farah Province, Afghanistan. Photo (2009) by MSst. Tracy L. DeMarco, USAF. Department of Defense. Great Game to 9/11 A Concise History of Afghanistan’s International Relations Michael R. Rouland Washington, D.C. 2014 ENGAGING THE WORLD The ENGAGING THE WORLD series focuses on U.S. involvement around the globe, primarily in the post-Cold War period. It includes peacekeeping and humanitarian missions as well as Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom—all missions in which the U.S. Air Force has been integrally involved. It will also document developments within the Air Force and the Department of Defense. GREAT GAME TO 9/11 GREAT GAME TO 9/11 was initially begun as an introduction for a larger work on U.S./coalition involvement in Afghanistan. It provides essential information for an understanding of how this isolated country has, over centuries, become a battleground for world powers. Although an overview, this study draws on primary- source material to present a detailed examination of U.S.-Afghan relations prior to Operation Enduring Freedom. Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. government. Cleared for public release. Contents INTRODUCTION The Razor’s Edge 1 ONE Origins of the Afghan State, the Great Game, and Afghan Nationalism 5 TWO Stasis and Modernization 15 THREE Early Relations with the United States 27 FOUR Afghanistan’s Soviet Shift and the U.S. -
The Battle for Pakistan
ebooksall.com ebooksall.com ebooksall.com SHUJA NAWAZ THE BATTLE F OR PAKISTAN The Bitter US Friendship and a Tough Neighbourhood PENGUIN BOOKS ebooksall.com Contents Important Milestones 2007–19 Abbreviations and Acronyms Preface: Salvaging a Misalliance 1. The Revenge of Democracy? 2. Friends or Frenemies? 3. 2011: A Most Horrible Year! 4. From Tora Bora to Pathan Gali 5. Internal Battles 6. Salala: Anatomy of a Failed Alliance 7. Mismanaging the Civil–Military Relationship 8. US Aid: Leverage or a Trap? 9. Mil-to-Mil Relations: Do More 10. Standing in the Right Corner 11. Transforming the Pakistan Army 12. Pakistan’s Military Dilemma 13. Choices Footnotes Important Milestones 2007–19 Preface: Salvaging a Misalliance 1. The Revenge of Democracy? 2. Friends or Frenemies? 3. 2011: A Most Horrible Year! 4. From Tora Bora to Pathan Gali 5. Internal Battles 6. Salala: Anatomy of a Failed Alliance 7. Mismanaging the Civil–Military Relationship 8. US Aid: Leverage or a Trap? 9. Mil-to-Mil Relations: Do More 10. Standing in the Right Corner 11. Transforming the Pakistan Army 12. Pakistan’s Military Dilemma 13. Choices Select Bibliography ebooksall.com Acknowledgements Follow Penguin Copyright ebooksall.com Advance Praise for the Book ‘An intriguing, comprehensive and compassionate analysis of the dysfunctional relationship between the United States and Pakistan by the premier expert on the Pakistan Army. Shuja Nawaz exposes the misconceptions and contradictions on both sides of one of the most crucial bilateral relations in the world’ —BRUCE RIEDEL, senior fellow and director of the Brookings Intelligence Project, and author of Deadly Embrace: Pakistan, America and the Future of the Global Jihad ‘A superb, thoroughly researched account of the complex dynamics that have defined the internal and external realities of Pakistan over the past dozen years. -
Research Paper N°12 August 2014
Centre Français de Recherche sur le Renseignement OPERATION CYCLONE AND ITS CONSEQUENCES Research Paper n°12 August 2014 21 boulevard Haussmann, 75009 Paris - France Tél. : 33 1 53 43 92 44 Fax : 33 1 53 43 92 92 www.cf2r.org Association régie par la loi du 1er juillet 1901 SIRET n° 453 441 602 000 19 ! Centre!Français!de!Recherche!sur!le!Renseignement! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! OPERATION!CYCLONE! AND!ITS!CONSEQUENCES! % % % ! ! Dr%FARHAN%ZAHID%% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Research!Paper!n°12!<!August!2014! _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________% 21%Boulevard%Haussmann,%75009%Paris%<%France% Tél.%:%33%1%53%43%92%44%%%%%Fax%:%33%1%53%43%92%92%%%%%www.cF2r.orG% Association%réGie%par%la%loi%du%1er%juillet%1901%%%%%SIRET%n°%453%441%602%000%19% % 2 ! ! ! ! PRESENTATION%OF% % ! ! ! ! Founded!in!2000,!the!FRENCH!CENTRE!FOR!INTELLIGENCE!RESEARCH!(CF2R)! is! an! independent! Think& Tank,! regulated! by! the! French! Association! Law! of! 1901,! and! specialised! in! the! study! of! intelligence! and! international! security.! Its! missions! are! as! follows:! M! development! of! academic! research! and! publications! on! intelligence! and! international!security,! M!provision!of!expertise!for!public!policy!stakeholders!(decisionMmakers,!government,! lawmakers,!media,!etc.),! M!dispelling!of!myths!surrounding!intelligence!and!explaining!the!role!of!intelligence! to!the!general!public.! ! ! !%ORGANISATION% ! ! The! FRENCH! CENTER! FOR! INTELLIGENCE! RESEARCH! (CF2R)! -
Conflict and Disease an Analysis of Endem Ic Polio in Northern Pakistan
CONFLICT AND DISEASE AN ANALYSIS OF ENDEM IC POLIO IN NORTHERN PAKISTAN Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy Capstone Project Submitted by Randall Quinn December 15, 2015 © 2015 Quinn http://fletcher.tufts.edu Quinn The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy Conflict and Disease An Analysis of Endemic Polio in Northern Pakistan Randall M Quinn Graduate Thesis 12-15-2015 1 Conflict and Disease Quinn Abstract Polio is a disease that held a profound impact on much of the world’s population for the first half of the 20th Century. Today it is barely an afterthought throughout the developed world, as vaccines invented in the 1950’s greatly reduced the disease burden, gradually at first and then precipitously with the onset of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative in 1988. Despite great progress, there is one remaining reservoir of wild poliovirus that remains in the world today and prevents any declaration of victory against the disease. The reservoir is centered in northern Pakistan and frequently infects populations on both sides of the Afghanistan-Pakistan border. A number of factors have contributed to this being the last global holdout. This paper aims to explore those factors and project potential policy solutions. Given the highly infectious nature of the disease and the frequent movement of people in and through this region, all of the elements are there for a global resurgence, highlighting the importance of resolving the issue as quickly and efficiently as possible. 2 Conflict and Disease Quinn Table of Contents Acronyms .................................................................................................................................................... -
Zbigniew Brzezinski's Narrative for the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Dissertations and Theses City College of New York 2019 "Excellent Propaganda" Zbigniew Brzezinski's Narrative for the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan Matt Mulhern CUNY City College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/786 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] “Excellent Propaganda” Zbigniew Brzezinski’s Narrative for the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan Matt Mulhern B.F.A. Rutgers University, 1982 Thesis Advisor – Craig Daigle, PhD Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts of the City College of the City University of New York Thesis Research B9900 December 10, 2019 1 2 The series of regime changes in Kabul that resulted in the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December of 1979 is a story of poor intelligence, false narratives, and missed opportunities to avoid conflict for both the Soviet Union and the United States. When a small faction of Afghan communists overthrew the government of Mohammed Daoud Khan and replaced him with Nur Muhammad Taraki on April 30, 1978, the United States and the Soviet Union embarked on a path of mutual suspicion and lack of trust that led to an American involvement in Afghanistan that is ongoing – forty years later. As the architect of the American response from its very beginning, Zbigniew Brzezinski, President Jimmy Carter’s National Security Advisor, bears responsibility for much of what happened. -
Monarch: the New Phoenix Program by Marshall Thomas
Monarch: The New Phoenix Program By Marshall Thomas ONE: Phoenix Program TWO: HISTORY of US Government Human Experimentation: Eugenics Human Radiation Studies Elmer Allen Granddaughter Testimony Agent Orange THREE: Cold War Doolittle McCarthyism Operation Paperclip Reinhardt Gehlen Operation Mockingbird Operation Northwoods FOUR: MKULTRA-1950’s Brainwashing- USSR, China, US Helms, Gottlieb Allen Dulles Estabrooks Cameron MKULTRA-1960’s, 1970’s – Helms, Aldrich Pandora Delgado Jolly West MKULTRA VICTIM TESTIMONY: Valerie Wolfe, Claudia Mullen, Chris DeNicola Programming levels FIVE: Nonlethal weapons Greenham Common DOD/DOJ Iraq SIX: CULTS Aquino Moon FMSF Remote viewing SEVEN: Trojan Horse EIGHT: Cointelpro NINE: CIA Blowback: Golden Triangle Ed Wilson Katherine Griggs Guatemala organ donors TEN: Directed Energy Weapons USSR Woodpecker ELEVEN: Directed Energy Weapons Scientists TWELVE: SDI/HAARP THIRTEEN: Military Doctrine MindWar The Aviary FOURTEEN: Patents/Spin-offs Implants ADS Milliwave radar FIFTEEN: CIA/Corporate Proprietaries SAIC Hadron DynCorp Operation Cyclone SIXTEEN: Law Girard John Glenn Akwei Milgram Street Theater TI experience Weed and Seed SEVENTEEN: End Game MONARCH: THE NEW PHOENIX PROGRAM Phoenix Program: The Phoenix Program, created by the CIA in 1967, was aimed at "neutralizing"—through assassination, kidnapping, and torture, the civilian infrastructure that supported the Viet Cong insurgency in South Vietnam. It was a terrifying "final solution" that violated the Geneva Conventions. The Phoenix Program's civilian targets of assassination were VC tax collectors, supply officers, political cadre, local military officials, and suspected sympathizers. Faulty intelligence often led to the murder of innocent civilians, rival Vietnamese would report their enemies as "VC" in order for US troops to kill them. In 1971, William Colby, head of CIA in Vietnam, testified the number killed was 20,857. -
Pakistan-Israel Relations: Decoding the Strategic Silence
MANEKSHAW PAPER No. 84, 2019 Pakistan-Israel Relations: Decoding The Strategic Silence D W LAN ARFA OR RE F S E T R U T D N IE E S C Divya Malhotra CLAWS VI CT N OR ISIO Y THROUGH V D W LAN ARFA OR RE F S E T R U T D N IE E S C CLAWS VI CT N OR ISIO Y THROUGH V KNOWLEDGE WORLD Centre for Land Warfare Studies KW Publishers Pvt Ltd New Delhi New Delhi Editorial Team Editor-in-Chief : Lt Gen (Dr.) V K Ahluwalia ISSN 23939729 D W LAN ARFA OR RE F S E T R U T D I W N E D E S A C LAN RFA CLAWS R R VI CT N OR ISIO Y THROUGH V O E F S Centre for Land WarfareE Studies T RPSO Complex, ParadeR Road, Delhi Cantt, New Delhi 110010 U Phone: +91.11.25691308T Fax: +91.11.25692347 D email: [email protected] website: www.claws.in IE CLAWS Army NEo. 33098 S C The Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, is an independent think-tank dealing with national security and conceptual aspects of land warfare, including conventional and sub-conventional conflicts and terrorism. CLAWS conducts research that is futuristic in outlook and policy-oriented in approach. CLAWS Vision: To establish as a leading Centre of Excellence, Research and Studies on Military Strategy & Doctrine, Land Warfare, Regional & National Security, Military Technology and Human Resource. © 2019, Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi Disclaimer: The contents of this paper are basedCLAW on theS analysis of materials accessed from open sources and are the personal views of the author. -
The Carter Administration's Pakistan Policy Before And
MARIUM SOOMRO MARIUM THE CARTER ADMINISTRATION’S PAKISTAN POLICY BEFORE AND AFTER THE SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN BEFORE AND AFTER THE SOVIET OFINVASION AFGHANISTAN The Graduate School of Economics and Social Sciences THE CARTER ADMINISTRATIO of İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University by Marium Soomro N S PAKISTAN POLICY S PAKISTAN ’ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BILKENT UNIVERSITY 2020 İHSAN DOĞRAMACI BILKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA OCTOBER 2020 To my family Daddy, Ana, Sahar, Michelle, Aqib, Zainab and Umer THE CARTER ADMINISTRATION’S PAKISTAN POLICY BEFORE AND AFTER THE SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN The Graduate School of Economics and Social Sciences of İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University by Marium Soomro In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY İHSAN DOĞRAMACI BILKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA OCTOBER 2020 ABSTRACT THE CARTER ADMINISTRATION’S PAKISTAN POLICY BEFORE AND AFTER THE SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN Soomro, Marium M.A., Department of History Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Owen Miller October 2020 The United States and Pakistan’s bilateral relationship has seen complex periods of converging and diverging interests that have been shaped by security concerns. The first two years of the Carter administration’s relations with Pakistan saw a divergence of interests primarily due to the United States’ pursuit of its nuclear non-proliferation foreign policy. This study uses archival material to analyze the diplomatic and political discourse which unfolded in Washington D.C. and Islamabad during the enforcement of this policy. The study underlines that policymakers are at times divorced from the experiences of diplomats on ground and highlights the complexity behind state craft, the art of diplomacy and the geopolitical and the geostrategic contours of the United States and Pakistan’s bilateral relationship. -
Intelligence and Terrorism in the 1990S O 6.1 1990 O 6.2 1993 O 6.3 1995 O 6.4 1996 O 6.5 1998 O 6.6 1999 7 Intelligence and Terrorism in the 2000S O 7.1 2000
CIA Malone Pyzdick This article deals with activities of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) related to terrorism. Especially after the CIA lost its coordinating role over the entire Intelligence Community (IC), it is impossible to understand US counterterrorism by looking at the CIA alone. Coordinating structures have been created by each president to fit his administrative style and the perceived level of threat. The US has a different counterterrorist structure than other close allies, such as Australia, Canada, France, and the United Kingdom. Each has a structure that fits its particular legal system and culture; there is no ideal solution. A continuing issue is whether there needs to be a domestic intelligence service separate from the FBI, which has had difficulty in breaking away from its law enforcement roots and cooperating with other intelligence services.[1] The National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC)[2] is no longer in the CIA proper, but is in the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI). NCTC, however, contains personnel from the CIA, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) of the Department of Justice, and other members of the IC. A counterterrorism center did exist in the CIA before the NCTC was established. Given the restrictions of the National Security Act of 1947, which created the CIA but strictly forbade it from having any domestic police authority, the role of the CIA still has multiple dimensions. The National Clandestine Service (NCS) of the CIA can infiltrate or otherwise gain human intelligence (HUMINT) from terrorist organizations, their supporters, or from friendly foreign intelligence services (FIS). -
The Real Story of Zbigniew Brzezinski That the Media Isn’T Telling
The Real Story of Zbigniew Brzezinski That the Media Isn’t Telling By Darius Shahtahmasebi Region: Middle East & North Africa, USA Global Research, June 02, 2017 Theme: Crimes against Humanity, Media The Anti-Media 27 May 2017 Disinformation, Militarization and WMD, Terrorism, US NATO War Agenda In-depth Report: AFGHANISTAN, SYRIA Zbigniew Brzezinski, former national security advisor to President Jimmy Carter, died Friday at a hospital in Virginia at the age of 89. Though the New York Times acknowledged that the former government advisor was a “hawkish strategic theorist,” misrepresenting his legacy as one of otherwise infinite positivity may not be as easy as the establishment might like to think. As the United Kingdom plays around with levels of the so-called “terror threat” following a devastating attack by an ISIS-inspired individual — and as the Philippines goes into an almost complete state of martial law following ISIS-inspired destruction — Brzezinski’s timely death serves as a reminder to seek a deeper understanding of where modern terrorism originated in the first place. As the New York Times explains, Brzezinski’s “rigid hatred of the Soviet Union” guided much of America’s foreign policy “for better or worse.” From the Times: “He supported billions in military aid for Islamic militants fighting invading Soviet troops in Afghanistan. He tacitly encouraged China to continue backing the murderous regime of Pol Pot in Cambodia, lest the Soviet- backed Vietnamese take over that country.” [emphasis added] While it is progressive of theNew York Times to note Brzezinski’s support for Islamic militants, downplaying the effect of his vindictive foreign policy agenda with a mere sentence does an injustice to the true horror behind Brzezinski’s policies. -
Himalayan Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies Open Access
Himalayan Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies Open Access Research Article War on Terrorism Advances New World Order Timothy Spearman *Corresponding Author Abstract: Historically, empires have expanded very often under the pretext of civilizing the world beyond their borders with the self-righteous conviction that they were inoculating themselves Timothy Spearman against barbarism, extending the boundaries of the civilized, while assimilating the heathen and infidel under their rubric, the locus behind Pax Romana, Rule Britannia and now Pax Americana. Article History Received: 29.10.2020 Accepted: 21.11.2020 Keywords: War, Terrorism, New World, Pax Romana . Published: 25.11.2020 Citations: Timothy Spearman; (2020);War on Terrorism Advances New World Order. Hmlyn J Human Cul Stud, 1(2) 37-54. INTRODUCTION While Victorian England‘s empire building was done under the pretext of civilizing the rest of the world, it paradoxically meted out such barbarism and brutality as to beggar belief. In India alone, through their brutal extraction policies, the British were responsible for the deaths of an estimated ten to twenty million Indians in the late nineteenth century. Rather than responding to endemic famine in central and south India in the 1880s by reducing taxes, the British maintained them at a steady level, continued massive exports of food products and other necessities out of the country, while providing no relief to the starving people unless they worked. In some labor camps it is documented that the British actually provided the workers with less rations than were given to the prisoners of the Nazi concentration camps of Dachau and Buchenwald.i Yet despite this appalling human rights record, the British continue to justify their former colonial subjugation of the Indians today by claiming to have given them their parliamentary system of government and civil service, gifts for which the Indians are apparently supposed to be grateful. -
1 9 11 Synthetic Terror Webst
9 11 Synthetic Terror Made in USA By: Webster Griffin Tarpley ISBN: 0930852311 See detail of this book on Amazon.com Book served by AMAZON NOIR (www.amazon-noir.com) project by: PAOLO CIRIO paolocirio.net UBERMORGEN.COM ubermorgen.com ALESSANDRO LUDOVICO neural.it Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 I THE MYTH OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY In some ways she was far more acute than Winston, and far less susceptible to Party propaganda. Once when he happened in some connection to mention the war against Eurasia, she startled him by saying casually that in her opinion the war was not happening. The rocket bombs which fell daily on London were probably fired by the Government of Oceania itself, "just to keep the people frightened." Orwell, 1984, 127. With the publication of the Report of the Commission to Investigate Terrorist Attacks upon the United States (also known as the Kean-Hamilton Commission after its chairman and vice-chairman), the pattern of cover-up and incompetence on the part of the officially constituted investigative agencies of the United States Government is complete. Since September 11, 2001, no part of the United States Government has offered a convincing, coherent, or complete explanation of the events of that day, and of other events related to them. Indeed, no US government agency has ever so much as proposed to prove the truth of the official account, not even in the way the Warren Commission attempted to demonstrate the veracity of its version of the Kennedy assassination.