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Home , History of Iraq, Kingdom of Iraq

Overview about

Ali Al-Jumaili & Kawther Ahmed PhD students The University of Iowa College of Pharmacy Location of Iraq • Is a country in Western Asia(), borders

Turkey to the north, to the east, to the south, Saudi Arabia to the southwest, and to the west Iraqi new Flag(since 2003) Iraqi governorates Current Demographic Information of Iraq • Area: 168,754 sq miles (437,072 km²)

• Population: little more than 32 million as of 2012

• Capitol:

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Current Demographic Information of Iraq • Ethnic groups: , , , Turkmen, Assyrians, , Armenians, Shabaks, .

• Religions: , , and other. • Languages: , Kurdish, and few other spoken by minorities. • From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia • Iraq was known as , was home to the oldest in the world with a cultural history of over 10,000 years.

• Iraq had adjective of the Cradle of . • Iraq was home for the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, and other old civilizations Mesopotamia (Iraq) civilizations

• The Sumerians : 5300 – 2334 BC

• period: 4100 – 2900 BC

• 2800–2600 BC (Gilgamesh) Ziggurat of (south of Iraq)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ancient_ziggurat_at_Ali_Air_Base_Iraq_2005.jpg 2800–2600 BC (Gilgamesh) in Berlin museum period: 2334–2218 BC (Sargon) the British Museum in London, Musée du Louvre in Paris, National Museum of Iraq Assyrian Empire (911-612)B.C., was capital in 706 BC Human-headed winged bull and winged lion () The great Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal II (r. 883–859 B.C.) Musée du Louvre in Paris,and National Museum of Iraq Human-headed winged bull and winged lion (lamassu) in the British Museum in London Babylonians (1894-536) BC (1792-1750) BC The Hammurabi Code of law, about 1772 BC on Hammurabi stela (in Louvre museum) Nebuchadnezzar II (605 BC – 562 BC) https://www.google.com/search?q=nebuchadnezzar&rlz=1C1KMZB_enUS549US552&oq=nebuk&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0l5.5449j0j7&sourceid=chrome&es_sm=93&ie=UTF- 8#q=nebuchadnezzar+II Hanging Gardens were one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Ishtar Gate (575 BC) by King Nebuchadnezzar II now in Pergamon museum , Berlin Lion of , Iraq Islamic Empire (Calipha) Prophet Muhammad,(may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him),(570-632) A.D (632-661) A.D Liberation of Iraq from Persian(Sasanian)Empire by 636 A.D During caliph Umar (Commander of the Faithful) period Rashidun Caliphate(661) A.D. (750-1258) A.D Caliph Al-Mansur founded Baghdad in 762 A.D. Baghdad was Capital of Abbasid Empire for 500 years Al Mustansiriya university was founded in 1227 A.D by caliph Abbasid Al-Mustansir Islamic currency The House of Wisdom was a library, translation institute and academy established in Abbasid-era Baghdad(9th-13th) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Wisdom Abbas Abu Al-Qasim Ibn Firnas (810-887) A.D. an inventor, physician, engineer, Andalusian musician, and Arabic-language poet Astrolabe used by astronomers, navigators, and astrologers. It could be used for locating and predicting the positions of the Sun, Moon, and stars, determining local time (http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/starry/isaslabe.html) Avicenna(Ibn Sina)(980-1037)A.D. The Book of Healing and The Canon of Medicine, which was a standard medical text at many medieval universities. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna) Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288) was an Arab physician who contributed to the early knowledge of the pulmonary circulation. Ibn al-Nafis Jābir ibn Hayyān (721-815) A.D. Muslim polymath: a chemist and alchemist, astronomer and astrologer, engineer, geographer, philosopher, physicist, and pharmacist and physician http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaber_ibn_Hayan Jābir ibn Hayyān (721-815) A.D The spiral minaret in is a 9th-century mosque in Samarra, Iraq. The mosque was completed in 851 A.D. by the Abbasid caliph Al-Mutawakkil http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Samarra Saladin(1137-1193) A.D. Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb Mongol Invasion of Baghdad 1258 A.D. British invasion of Baghdad in 1917 King Faisal-I(1921-1933) Faisal bin Hussein bin Ali al-Hashimi, king of Iraq Iraq independent in 1932 (joined ) Flag(1921-1958) of Iraq 1958 Abd al-Karim Qasim (1958-1963) Baghdad in 1960s Baghdad in 1960s Baghdad Sculpture of freedom Iraqi universities in 1970s Baghdad in 1970s

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0xOLWY 5mLQ Iraqi Flag (1963-1991) Iraq flag(1991-2003) Iraqi flags(1921-2003) Iraqi-Iranian War (1980-1988) Iraq won the war on 8-8-1988 Al-Shaheed Monument,Baghdad (A war memorial) Victory monument (1988),Baghdad (Operation Desert Storm) “Liberation of Kuwait” Big defeat for January 17-February 28,1991 U.N. (1991-2003) Photo from Basrah, Iraq in 1996 (changing regime) (March 20,2003 to December 2011) New Iraqi Government with new constitution since 2005 • Baghdad University of Baghdad • Basrah(south of Iraq) • Babylon • Imam Ali (prophet cousin) shrine, • Kurdistan region,Iraq Habbaniyah Lake, Anbar (west of Iraq) Marshes in the south University graduation,Baghdad University Graduation party Graduation party , baghdad

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=512rwlvO grk Iraqi marrages Traditional Baghdad music

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4o21_dA Ogw Iraqi architecture in Europe • food Iraqi sweets and desserts Bakeries and desserts Chai (Black tea)

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