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Memorial of the Republic of Croatia
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE CASE CONCERNING THE APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE (CROATIA v. YUGOSLAVIA) MEMORIAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA APPENDICES VOLUME 5 1 MARCH 2001 II III Contents Page Appendix 1 Chronology of Events, 1980-2000 1 Appendix 2 Video Tape Transcript 37 Appendix 3 Hate Speech: The Stimulation of Serbian Discontent and Eventual Incitement to Commit Genocide 45 Appendix 4 Testimonies of the Actors (Books and Memoirs) 73 4.1 Veljko Kadijević: “As I see the disintegration – An Army without a State” 4.2 Stipe Mesić: “How Yugoslavia was Brought Down” 4.3 Borisav Jović: “Last Days of the SFRY (Excerpts from a Diary)” Appendix 5a Serb Paramilitary Groups Active in Croatia (1991-95) 119 5b The “21st Volunteer Commando Task Force” of the “RSK Army” 129 Appendix 6 Prison Camps 141 Appendix 7 Damage to Cultural Monuments on Croatian Territory 163 Appendix 8 Personal Continuity, 1991-2001 363 IV APPENDIX 1 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS1 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE CHRONOLOGY BH Bosnia and Herzegovina CSCE Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe CK SKJ Centralni komitet Saveza komunista Jugoslavije (Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia) EC European Community EU European Union FRY Federal Republic of Yugoslavia HDZ Hrvatska demokratska zajednica (Croatian Democratic Union) HV Hrvatska vojska (Croatian Army) IMF International Monetary Fund JNA Jugoslavenska narodna armija (Yugoslav People’s Army) NAM Non-Aligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation -
Royal Air Force Historical Society Journal 46
ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 46 2 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society. First published in the UK in 2009 by the Royal Air Force Historical Society All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. ISSN 1361 4231 Printed by Windrush Group Windrush House Avenue Two Station Lane Witney OX28 4XW 3 ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY President Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Michael Beetham GCB CBE DFC AFC Vice-President Air Marshal Sir Frederick Sowrey KCB CBE AFC Committee Chairman Air Vice-Marshal N B Baldwin CB CBE FRAeS Vice-Chairman Group Captain J D Heron OBE Secretary Group Captain K J Dearman FRAeS Membership Secretary Dr Jack Dunham PhD CPsychol AMRAeS Treasurer J Boyes TD CA Members Air Commodore G R Pitchfork MBE BA FRAes *J S Cox Esq BA MA *Dr M A Fopp MA FMA FIMgt *Group Captain A J Byford MA MA RAF *Wing Commander P K Kendall BSc ARCS MA RAF Wing Commander C Cummings Editor & Publications Wing Commander C G Jefford MBE BA Manager *Ex Officio 4 CONTENTS OPENING ADDRESS – Air Chf Mshl Sir David Cousins 7 THE NORTHERN MEDITERRANEAN 1943-1945 by Wg 9 Cdr Andrew Brookes AIRBORNE FORCES IN THE NORTH MEDITERRANEAN 20 THEATRE OF OPERATIONS by Wg Cdr Colin Cummings DID ALLIED AIR INTERDICTION -
Bosnia and Herzegovina Country Handbook 1
Bosnia and Herzegovina Country Handbook 1. This handbook provides basic reference information on Bosnia and Herzegovina, including its geography, history, government, military forces, and communications and transportation networks. This information is intended to familiarize military personnel with local customs and area knowledge to assist them during their assignment to Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2. This product is published under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Intelligence Production Program (DoDIPP) with the Marine Corps Intelligence Activity designated as the community coordinator for the Country Handbook Program. This product reflects the coordinated U.S. Defense Intelligence Community position on Bosnia and Herzegovina. 3. Dissemination and use of this publication is restricted to official military and government personnel from the United States of America, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, NATO member countries, and other countries as required and designated for support of coalition operations. 4. The photos and text reproduced herein have been extracted solely for research, comment, and information reporting, and are intended for fair use by designated personnel in their official duties, including local reproduction for training. Further dissemination of copyrighted material contained in this document, to include excerpts and graphics, is strictly prohibited under Title 17, U.S. Code. Contents KEY FACTS. 1 U.S. MISSION . 2 U.S. Embassy. 2 U.S. Consulate . 2 Entry Requirements . 3 Currency . 3 Customs . 3 GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE . 4 Geography . 4 Topography . 5 Vegetation . 8 Effects on Military Operations . 9 Climate. 10 TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION . 13 Transportation . 13 Roads . 13 Rail . 15 Air . 16 Maritime . 17 Communication . 18 Radio and Television . 18 Telephone and Telegraph . -
Sanctuary Lost: the Air War for ―Portuguese‖ Guinea, 1963-1974
Sanctuary Lost: The Air War for ―Portuguese‖ Guinea, 1963-1974 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Matthew Martin Hurley, MA Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2009 Dissertation Committee: Professor John F. Guilmartin, Jr., Advisor Professor Alan Beyerchen Professor Ousman Kobo Copyright by Matthew Martin Hurley 2009 i Abstract From 1963 to 1974, Portugal and the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (Partido Africano da Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde, or PAIGC) waged an increasingly intense war for the independence of ―Portuguese‖ Guinea, then a colony but today the Republic of Guinea-Bissau. For most of this conflict Portugal enjoyed virtually unchallenged air supremacy and increasingly based its strategy on this advantage. The Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa, abbreviated FAP) consequently played a central role in the war for Guinea, at times threatening the PAIGC with military defeat. Portugal‘s reliance on air power compelled the insurgents to search for an effective counter-measure, and by 1973 they succeeded with their acquisition and employment of the Strela-2 shoulder-fired surface-to-air missile, altering the course of the war and the future of Portugal itself in the process. To date, however, no detailed study of this seminal episode in air power history has been conducted. In an international climate plagued by insurgency, terrorism, and the proliferation of sophisticated weapons, the hard lessons learned by Portugal offer enduring insight to historians and current air power practitioners alike. -
( • ) Hrvatski Filmski Ljetopis God
( • ) Hrvatski Filmski Ljetopis god. 20 (2014) broj 77-78, proljeće-ljeto 2014. Hrvatski filmski ljetopis utemeljili su 1995. Hrvatsko društvo filmskih kritičara, Hrvatska kinoteka i Filmoteka 16 Utemeljiteljsko uredništvo: Vjekoslav Majcen, Ivo Škrabalo i Hrvoje Turković Časopis je evidentiran u: SCOPUS, FIAF International Index to Film Periodicals, Web of Science (WoS) i u Arts and Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI) ( • ) Hrvatski Filmski Ljetopis Uredništvo / Editorial Board: Nikica Gilić (glavni urednik / editor-in-chief) Krešimir Košutić (novi filmovi i festivali / new films and festivals) Bruno Kragić Karla Lončar (izvršna urednica / managing editor) Jurica Starešinčić Tomislav Šakić Hrvoje Turković (odgovorni urednik / supervising editor) Suradnici / Contributors: Ivana Jović (lektorski savjeti / proof-reading) Juraj Kukoč (kronika / chronicles) Sandra Palihnić (prijevod sažetaka / translation of summaries) Duško Popović (bibliografije / bibliographies) Anka Ranić (UDK) Dizajn / Design: Igor Kuduz *pinhead Priprema za tisak / Prepress: Mirtalis d.o.o., Zagreb Nakladnik / Publisher: Hrvatski filmski savez / Croatian Film Association Za nakladnika / Publishing Manager: Vera Robić-Škarica ([email protected]) Tisak / Printed By: Tiskara C.B. Print, Samobor Adresa / Contact: Hrvatski filmski savez (za Hrvatski filmski ljetopis), HR-10000 Zagreb, Tuškanac 1 TAJNICA REDAKCIJE: Kristina Dorić ([email protected]) telefon/phone: (385) 01 / 4848771 telefaks/fax: (385) 01 / 4848764 e-mail uredništva: [email protected] / [email protected] / [email protected] www.hfs.hr/ljetopis Izlazi tromjesečno u nakladi od 1000 primjeraka Cijena: 80 kn / Godišnja pretplata: 150 kn Žiroračun: Zagrebačka banka, 2360000-1101556872, Hrvatski filmski savez (s naznakom “za Hrvatski filmski ljetopis”) Hrvatski filmski ljetopis is published quarterly by Croatian Film Association Subscription abroad: 60 € / Account: 2100058638/070 S.W.I.F.T. -
Croatian Defence Industry
Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Croatia Croatian Defence Industry Catalog 2013 Publisher Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Croatia Public Relations and Publishing Department Division of the Croatian Millitary Press and Publishing Editor in Chief Æeljko StipanoviÊ Editor Toma VlaπiÊ Layout Editor Zvonimir Frank Proof-Reader Jasmina Peπek Approved by Mislav ŠimatoviÊ Print Tiskara Zelina d.d. www.morh.hr www.hrvatski-vojnik.hr A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the National and University Library in Zagreb under 836360 ISBN 978-953-193-136-6 Data and materials in the catalog were obtained from the manufacturers and the publisher does not guarantee for their accuracy. 2 CROATIAN DEFENCE INDUSTRY Introduction Dear readers, you have in front of you the fourth, supplemented edition of the catalog Croatian Defence Industry. We would like to inform you about the current state in Croatian defence industry. That is an industrial sector that has developed slowly but in continuity, companies have been given a pro- file, they have adopted new technologies and offer products that can meet demands of the buyers. The catalog represents manufacturers of different defence equipment, from apparel to footwear to complex simula- tors and combat systems. Meeting domestic requirements is evidence that many companies are ready to offer their products on global market too. One of the indicators that Croatian companies are capable of fulfilling the most difficult demands is that they manufac- tured appropriate equipment for different climatic and geo- graphical conditions for requirements of Croatian soldiers who are deployed in peace missions and operations abroad. -
Srebrenica and the Failure of UN Peacekeeping Bosnia and Herzegovina
October 1995 Volume 7, No. 13 The Fall of Srebrenica and the Failure of UN Peacekeeping Bosnia and Herzegovina Summary .................................................................................................................................... 1 Recommendations ...................................................................................................................... 3 Background................................................................................................................................ 6 The Fall of Srebrenica ................................................................................................................ 10 Prelude: Starvation and Manipulation of Aid ........................................................................11 U.N. Failure to Prepare or React ........................................................................................... 12 Offensive against the UN Designated “Safe Area” of Srebrenica ............................................... 14 Potocari .................................................................................................................................... 20 Evacuation from Srebrenica ................................................................................................. 20 Bosnian Serb Forces Masquerade as U.N. Troops ................................................................ 21 Evacuation of Potocari and Early Killings ............................................................................. 23 The List of Missing -
Detailed Counterinsurgency Case Studies
THE ARTS This PDF document was made available CHILD POLICY from www.rand.org as a public service of CIVIL JUSTICE the RAND Corporation. EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit NATIONAL SECURITY institution that helps improve policy and POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY decisionmaking through research and SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY analysis. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND Support RAND INFRASTRUCTURE Purchase this document WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND National Defense Research Institute View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. Victory Has a Thousand Fathers Detailed Counterinsurgency Case Studies Christopher Paul • Colin P. Clarke • Beth Grill Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense Approved for public release; distribution unlimited NATIONAL DEFENSE RESEARCH INSTITUTE The research described in this report was prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD). -
57 on the Occasion of Anti-Serb Demonstrations in Dubrovnik Il
Review of Croatian History 10/2014, no.1, 47 - 75 On the occasion of anti-Serb demonstrations in Dubrovnik Il Dalmata gave a comment full of sting against the Croats. Newspaper asked the Croats where their determination to protect the Serbs which they showed against the Italians was. The Serbian flag was removed by “imperative order” of the district governor addressed to the mayor of Dubrovnik, whom the newspaper asked where the freedom, the municipal autonomy and “other nice things” were. The mayor went to Zadar to seek help from the Regency and to ask: “What is left of Slavic reciprocity?”34 The newspaper accused the Croats of sectarianism even in expressing sadness because they played the Croatian anthem “Lijepa naša” at the memorial in Kotor even in these situations in order to “provoke”. As the Belgrade Pijemont wrote and Il Dalmata reported, the Austrian clericals and spies were the demonstrators and not the Croats. As a remedy for the revolutionary mood of high school students’ and youth the newspaper sought tougher discipline in schools, and by the way vi- ciously mentioned cases of anarchy in Croatian schools throughout Dalmatia, to which Narodni list responded by calling the writing of Il Dalmata “police- like and shameful”.35 Risorgimento followed the anti-Serb demonstrations with considerable at- tention. In the first issue after the assassination a great editorial about the “Yu- goslavian lie” was written. The article presented a number of ideas of which the most important one was that the idea of Yugoslav nationalism was very young, resulting in the Balkan wars, and that the Croats joined the triumph of the Serbian army as “parasites”, but it should be recognized that a certain portion of Croats did not recognize the Serbian supremacy, and these were the clerical Catholics who “hated” the Serbs. -
Four-Centuries-Of-European-Art.Pdf
I Vladimir P. Goss FOUR CENTURIES OF EUROPEAN ART: 800-1200 A VIEW FROM SOUTHEAST Published by Golden marketing-Tehnicka knjiga Jurisiceva 10, Zagreb, Croatia For the Publisher Ana Resetar Editor Mirjana Paic-Jurinic Reviewers Vlasta Begovic, PhD Ivan Gerat, PhD Marina Vicelja, PhD Copyright© 2010, Golden marketing-Tehnicka knjiga, Zagreb All rights reserved ISBN 978-953-212-395-1 Vladimir P. Goss FOUR CENTURIES OF EUROPEAN ART: 800-1200 A VIEW FROM SOUTHEAST Golden marketing-Tehnicka knjiga Zagreb, 2010 CONTENTS Art Forms. 7 The Southeastern Border of Carolingian Architecture . 19 Romanesque Sculpture as Public Medium. 101 Pannonia Romanica . 157 The Big Circle, the Missing Link, and the Moral of the Story . 223 Conclusion: Borders of Art History in Europe without Borders . 249 Bibliography . 253 List of illustrations. 273 Index . 279 About the Author . 291 5 ART FORMS istory of Art is the history of artistic forms. They manifest themselves in archi tecture, sculpture and painting, or in combinations or extensions thereof. The H borderlines are sometimes fu:a:y, but this is not too important. The repertoire of forms contained by a work of fine art is the same, regardless of which branch of fine arts is involved. Fine art forms communicate, i. e. they bear a message. They are not just any visual forms, but forms with content. If there is a message, there must be a system of recog nizable signs that we read in order to receive the message. In verbal arts things may ap pear simple and straightforward. We just have to learn how to read, meaning, we must know the alphabet, a system of visual signs which make up a language and its written communications. -
That Someone Guilty Be Punished
That Someone Guilty Be Punished The Impact of the ICTY in Bosnia Diane F. Orentlicher That Someone Guilty Be Punished The Impact of the ICTY in Bosnia . That Someone Guilty Be Punished The Impact of the ICTY in Bosnia by Diane F. Orentlicher Open Society Justice Initiative International Center for Transitional Justice Copyright © 2010 by the Open Society Institute and Diane F. Orentlicher. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-1-936133-28-4 Published by Open Society Institute 400 West 59th Street New York, NY 10019 USA www.soros.org For more information contact: Open Society Justice Initiative International Center for Transitional Justice 400 West 59th Street 5 Hanover Square, 24th Floor New York, NY 10019 USA New York, NY 10004 USA www.justiceinitiative.org www.ictj.org Cover photos: Bosnian Serb wartime leader Radovan Karadzic on trial for war crimes in The Hague, August 28, 2008 l © Valerie Kuypers l AFP l Getty Images A Bosnian Muslim woman at a 2010 memorial ceremony places a flower near the names of relatives killed in July 1995 l © Elvis Barukcic l AFP l Getty Images Bosnian Serb military chief, General Ratko Mladic, at September 1995 press conference l © Milos Jelesijevic l AFP l Getty Images Text layout and printing by Judit Kovács l Createch Ltd. Table of Contents Acknowledgments 7 Methodology 9 I. Introduction 11 II. Background 23 A. The Creation of the ICTY 23 B. -
United States-Yugoslav Relations, 1961-80: the Twilight of Tito's
UNITED STATES-YUGOSLAV RELATIONS, 1961-80: THE TWILIGHT OF TITO’S ERA AND THE ROLE OF AMBASSADORIAL DIPLOMACY IN THE MAKING OF AMERICA'S YUGOSLAV POLICY Josip Močnik A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2008 Committee: Dr. Gary R. Hess, Advisor Dr. Neal Jesse Graduate Faculty Representative Dr. Beth A. Griech-Polelle Dr. Douglas J. Forsyth iii © 2008 Josip Močnik All Rights Reserved iv ABSTRACT Dr. Gary R. Hess, Advisor This historical investigation of United States-Yugoslav relations during the last two decades of Josip Broz Tito’s thirty-five-year presidency makes a contribution to understanding the formation and execution of American policy toward Yugoslavia. An examination of the Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford, and Carter Administrations dealings with a nonaligned and socialist Yugoslavia shows that the United States during the height of the Cold War could maintain good relations with a Communist state to uphold a wedge in the Soviet Bloc and to preserve regional geo-strategic balance. The Yugoslav communists managed to deal imaginatively and successfully with the shifts in the focus of American policy from Kennedy’s “Grand Design,” Johnson’s “building bridges” appeal, Nixon’s personal diplomacy, to Carter’s focus on the human rights. Despite its domestic problems that involved political infighting and purges, experimentations with the market economy, and the resurgence of nationalism, Yugoslavia pursued a surprisingly independent foreign policy and maintained leadership of the international nonaligned movement that created a competing ideology to challenge the established spheres of influence of the two superpowers.