DOCSLIB.ORG

253The Importance of Sufi Traditions to Jerzy Grotowskis Practice.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Kent Academic Repository Full text document (pdf) Citation for published version Al-Tawil, Muhannad (2017) The Importance of Sufi Traditions to Jerzy Grotowski's Practice. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) thesis, University of Kent,. DOI Link to record in KAR http://kar.kent.ac.uk/67459/ Document Version UNSPECIFIED Copyright & reuse Content in the Kent Academic Repository is made available for research purposes. Unless otherwise stated all content is protected by copyright and in the absence of an open licence (eg Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher, author or other copyright holder. Versions of research The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record. Enquiries For any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact: [email protected] If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html The Importance of Sufi Traditions to Jerzy Grotowski‘s Practice Muhannad Al-Tawil Submitted in fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Research in Drama School of Arts University of Kent October 2017 Word Count: 77,343 258 Pages Acknowledgements Thank you to my advisor, Professor Paul Allain, and to the School of Arts, for their wise guidance and abundance of patience. A special thanks to my friends and family for their support, especially my dad, my mom, my wife, and my children, Sami and Zayna, and everyone else who has helped me through this. Funding for this undertaking has been received in large part from the US Department of Education, as well as private sources including the generous support of my family. Abstract Considerable research has emerged on the influences of the late Jerzy Grotowski, the eminent Polish theatre reformer who is famous for his ideas on the Poor Theatre. Among his many contributions to the theatre, his early focus on the primary importance of the actor – as opposed to the trappings of stage design – led him on a path of systematic transcultural experimentation and concentrated actor training using ―source techniques‖ from ancient rituals to achieve ―organicity‖ in his ―Holy Actor‖ and his ―Total Act‖. There has been some disagreement surrounding the extent of the inspiration he drew from particular traditions, including some Sufi orders, the form of esoteric Islamic mysticism practised in many of the regions he visited in Central Asia, India and Iran. This study provides a number of the Sufi-like elements of Grotowski‘s Productions and Post- Productions career phases, in parallel with a thorough examination of primary and secondary sources indicating both direct (Sufi) and indirect (Sufi-inspired) influences from his practices, studies, collaborators, and travels. A number of inferences are made based on historical and geographical clues, due to several factors underlying the incomplete records of his experiences. Findings include a number of robust similarities with Sufism and clear connections with both Sufi and Sufi-inspired people. This thesis contributes to studies on the broad range of cultural and ritual influences Grotowski drew from for his practices by compiling and highlighting their numerous references to Sufism, and it credits Sufism as one of his major sources of inspiration. Keywords: Grotowski, Sufism, rituals, psychophysical, psycho-physical Contents Introduction and Literature Review ....................................................................................................... 6 Theatre of Productions (Theatre) (1957-1969) ................................................................................ 12 Archetypes and myths .................................................................................................................. 14 Post-Productions (Post-Theatre) (1969- ) ........................................................................................ 15 Paratheatre (1969-1978) ............................................................................................................... 15 Theatre of Sources (1976-1982) .................................................................................................. 16 Objective Drama (1983-1986) ..................................................................................................... 19 Art as Vehicle (1986- ) ................................................................................................................ 21 List of Key Concepts in the Discussion on the Parallels between Sufism and Grotowski .............. 25 Gurdjieff ....................................................................................................................................... 25 Transformation ............................................................................................................................. 27 Verticality .................................................................................................................................... 27 Trance/ ―organicity‖/ ―inner action‖/ ―spontaneous impulses‖ / ―psycho- physical/psychoenergetic‖ ........................................................................................................... 28 Vocalisation ................................................................................................................................. 28 Dance ........................................................................................................................................... 29 Music/traditional songs ................................................................................................................ 29 Mantra .......................................................................................................................................... 30 Chapter One: Biographical Information and Rebirth of Theatre Rituals ............................................. 39 Section 1: Biography ........................................................................................................................ 42 Family life and early influences ................................................................................................... 42 Higher education and early travels .............................................................................................. 51 Political climate and activities ..................................................................................................... 65 Artistic and cultural climate ......................................................................................................... 74 Section 2: The Ritual and Aesthetic Dimensions of Grotowski‘s Theatre of Productions .............. 81 Ritual and myth in Grotowski‘s theatre ....................................................................................... 81 The aesthetics of Grotowski‘s theatre .......................................................................................... 88 Section 3: From Theatre of Thirteen Rows to Laboratory Theatre, and Environmental Theatre .... 96 Grotowski‘s spectators ................................................................................................................. 99 Eastern ritual influences ............................................................................................................. 104 Chapter Two: Ancient Traditional Ritual and Thought in Grotowski‘s Theatre ............................... 107 Grotowski and Hindu Practices ..................................................................................................... 112 Grotowski and Balinese Dance ...................................................................................................... 114 Grotowski‘s Holy Actor and the Total Act .................................................................................... 116 Chapter Three: Sufi Roots in Grotowski‘s Art as Vehicle ................................................................ 134 Chapter Four: Sufism ......................................................................................................................... 162 Part One: Theological Basis for Sufi Beliefs and Traditions. The Foundations of Tasawwuf (Islamic Mysticism) ....................................................................................................................... 165 ―The night journey‖ ................................................................................................................... 165 The mystical path to the ultimate Reality .................................................................................. 167 The journey‘s end: Al-tawahud (union with God) ..................................................................... 172 Part Two: From Doctrine to Practice. Aspects of Sufi rituals in particular, with emphasis placed on the psycho-physical dimensions of Sufi practices ......................................................................... 175 The psycho-physical nature of Rumi‘s poetry ........................................................................... 175 The sama and the heart .............................................................................................................. 182 Chapter Five: Grotowski and Gurdjieff ............................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • The Appeal of Ramana Maharsi in the West

    The Appeal of Ramana Maharsi in the West

    Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies Volume 14 Article 10 January 2001 The Sage of Pure Experience: The Appeal of Ramana Maharsi in the West Thomas A. Forsthoefel Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/jhcs Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Forsthoefel, Thomas A. (2001) "The Sage of Pure Experience: The Appeal of Ramana Maharsi in the West," Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies: Vol. 14, Article 10. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7825/2164-6279.1253 The Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies is a publication of the Society for Hindu-Christian Studies. The digital version is made available by Digital Commons @ Butler University. For questions about the Journal or the Society, please contact [email protected]. For more information about Digital Commons @ Butler University, please contact [email protected]. Forsthoefel: The Sage of Pure Experience: The Appeal of Ramana Maharsi in the West The Sage of Pure Experience: The Appeal of Ramana Maharsi in the Westl Professor Thomas A. Forsthoefel Mercyhurst College WILHELM Halbfass's seminal study of appeal among thinkers and spiritUal adepts the concept of experience in Indian religions in the West. Indeed, such 'meeting at the illuminates the philosophical ambiguities of heart' in interfaith dialogue promises the term and its recent appropriations by communion even in the face of unresolved some neo-Advaitins. to serve apologetic theoretical dilemmas. 2 ends. Anantanand Rambachand's own The life and work of Ramana (1879- study of the process of liberation in Advaita 1950), though understudied, are important Vedanta also critically reviews these for a number of reasons, not the least of apologetic strategies, arguing that in which is the fact that together they represent privileging anubhava, they undervalue or a version of Advaita abstracted from misrepresent the im;ortance given to sruti in traditional monastic structures, thus Sankara's Advaita.
  • Nirodbaran Talks with Sri Aurobindo 01

    Nirodbaran Talks with Sri Aurobindo 01

    Talks with Sri Aurobindo Volume 1 by Nirodbaran Sri Aurobindo Ashram Pondicherry NOTE These talks are from my notebooks. For several years I used to record most of the conversations which Sri Aurobindo had with us, his attendants, and a few others, after the accident to his right leg in November 1938. Besides myself, the regular participants were: Purani, Champaklal, Satyendra, Mulshankar and Dr. Becharlal. Occasional visitors were Dr. Manilal, Dr. Rao and Dr. Savoor. As these notes were not seen by Sri Aurobindo himself, the responsibil- ity for the Master's words rests entirely with me. I do not vouch for absolute accuracy, but I have tried my best to reproduce them faithfully. I have made the same attempt for the remarks of the others. NIRODBARAN i PREFACE The eve of the November Darshan, 1938. The Ashram humming with the ar- rival of visitors. On every face signs of joy, in every look calm expectation and happiness. Everybody has retired early, lights have gone out: great occa- sion demands greater silent preparation. The Ashram is bathed in an atmos- phere of serene repose. Only one light keeps on burning in the corner room like a midnight vigil. Sri Aurobindo at work as usual. A sudden noise! A rush and hurry of feet breaking the calm sleep. 2:00 a.m. Then an urgent call to Sri Aurobindo's room. There, lying on the floor with his right knee flexed, is he, clad in white dhoti, upper body bare, the Golden Purusha. The Mother, dressed in a sari, is sitting beside him.
  • Buddhist Meditations

    Buddhist Meditations

    APRIL 2020 TheDailyMeditation.com 31 MEDITATIONS TO MAKE YOU ENLIGHTENED Discover the top 31 meditation techniques in the world. THE ONLY MEDITATION BOOK YOU WILL EVER NEED You're about to learn the top 31 meditation in the world Paul Harrison In this guide you’ll learn 31 meditation techniques from yoga, Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity, and the modern era. And best of all, this guide is written by an actual meditation teacher… er… me, Paul Harrison, author of Journey To The Buddha Within You [see right]. This is going to be one hell of a journey. Our journey will lead us through 31 of the best meditation techniques. We’ll learn how to do meditation, which forms are best and why, and so much more. And not only will we learn how to meditate, we will also learn the culture and history of meditation. The purpose of this guide My passion has always been to inspire and teach people to meditate. My book Journey to the Buddha Within You covers every major technique in depth. Those of you who have read it know precisely how passionate I am about meditation. From an early age I knew the importance of meditation. And I’ve seen firsthand the difference that mindfulness can make to our lives. My purpose on my blog TheDailyMeditation.com, is to encourage as many people as possible to start meditating and to transform lives in the process. I’ve put all my love, knowledge, and hard work into this guide to make it perfect for everyone. - New to meditation? We’ll get you started on the right foot.
  • Ecology and Ignatian Spirituality 41–44 José A

    Ecology and Ignatian Spirituality 41–44 José A

    THE WAY a review of Christian spirituality published by the British Jesuits July 2018 Volume 57, Number 3 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES OF SPIRITUAL GROWTH this issue of The Way is dedicated to the memory of Paul L. Younger (1962–2018) Illustration from a manuscript of Liber divinorum operum by Hildegard of Bingen, early thirteenth century THE WAY July 2018 Foreword 5–6 Striving for Perfection or Growing into Fruitfulness? 7–17 Christopher Chapman Any understanding of spiritual growth will be influenced by the images chosen to illustrate it. Is this growth more like climbing a ladder to ever-higher states of perfection, or slowly unfolding as a developing organism does? Christopher Chapman explores this question in terms of four stages of organic growth. The Light of Consciousness and the Light of Christ 19–30 Meredith Secomb Meredith Secomb is a clinical psychologist who has reflected deeply on the challenge of human suffering. In supporting her clients as they deal with difficult experiences, she has found that by sitting with these experiences in silence they find a luminous core within themselves, and that this in turn leads them to God. Here she describes this process, and considers its meaning. St Teresa of Jesus, Mental Prayer and the Humanity of Jesus 31–39 Joanna Farrugia St Teresa of Ávila advocated mental prayer for her Carmelite sisters at a time when this laid women open to suspicion from the Church authorities. Joanna Farrugia explains why this was important to Teresa, and how it was inextricably linked for her to a life dedicated to loving service of others.
  • Why I Became a Hindu

    Why I Became a Hindu

    Why I became a Hindu Parama Karuna Devi published by Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Copyright © 2018 Parama Karuna Devi All rights reserved Title ID: 8916295 ISBN-13: 978-1724611147 ISBN-10: 1724611143 published by: Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Website: www.jagannathavallabha.com Anyone wishing to submit questions, observations, objections or further information, useful in improving the contents of this book, is welcome to contact the author: E-mail: [email protected] phone: +91 (India) 94373 00906 Please note: direct contact data such as email and phone numbers may change due to events of force majeure, so please keep an eye on the updated information on the website. Table of contents Preface 7 My work 9 My experience 12 Why Hinduism is better 18 Fundamental teachings of Hinduism 21 A definition of Hinduism 29 The problem of castes 31 The importance of Bhakti 34 The need for a Guru 39 Can someone become a Hindu? 43 Historical examples 45 Hinduism in the world 52 Conversions in modern times 56 Individuals who embraced Hindu beliefs 61 Hindu revival 68 Dayananda Saraswati and Arya Samaj 73 Shraddhananda Swami 75 Sarla Bedi 75 Pandurang Shastri Athavale 75 Chattampi Swamikal 76 Narayana Guru 77 Navajyothi Sree Karunakara Guru 78 Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha 79 Ramakrishna Paramahamsa 79 Sarada Devi 80 Golap Ma 81 Rama Tirtha Swami 81 Niranjanananda Swami 81 Vireshwarananda Swami 82 Rudrananda Swami 82 Swahananda Swami 82 Narayanananda Swami 83 Vivekananda Swami and Ramakrishna Math 83 Sister Nivedita
  • IN QUEST of TRUTH Or How I Came to Meher Baba

    IN QUEST of TRUTH Or How I Came to Meher Baba

    IN QUEST OF TRUTH Or How I Came to Meher Baba By Irene Conybeare An Avatar Meher Baba Trust eBook June 2011 Source: This eBook reproduces the original edition of In Quest of Truth, published by Swami Satya Prakash Udaseen (Kakinada, A.P., India) in 1962. eBooks at the Avatar Meher Baba Trust Web Site The Avatar Meher Baba Trust’s eBooks aspire to be textually exact though non-facsimile reproductions of published books, journals and articles. With the consent of the copyright holders, these online editions are being made available through the Avatar Meher Baba Trust’s web site, for the research needs of Meher Baba’s lovers and the general public around the world. Again, the eBooks reproduce the text, though not the exact visual likeness, of the original publications. They have been created through a process of scanning the original pages, running these scans through optical character recognition (OCR) software, reflowing the new text, and proofreading it. Except in rare cases where we specify otherwise, the texts that you will find here correspond, page for page, with those of the original publications: in other words, page citations reliably correspond to those of the source books. But in other respects—such as lineation and font—the page designs differ. Our purpose is to provide digital texts that are more readily downloadable and searchable than photo facsimile images of the originals would have been. Moreover, they are often much more readable, especially in the case of older books, whose discoloration and deteriorated condition often makes them partly illegible. Since all this work of scanning and reflowing and proofreading has been accomplished by a team of volunteers, it is always possible that errors have crept into these online editions.
  • An Exploratory Study of Women's Involvement in New Age Spirituality in Turkey

    An Exploratory Study of Women's Involvement in New Age Spirituality in Turkey

    IBN HALDUN UNIVERSITY ALLIANCE OF CIVILIZATIONS INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF CIVILIZATION STUDIES MASTER THESIS AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF WOMEN’S INVOLVEMENT IN NEW AGE SPIRITUALITY IN TURKEY FATEMAH MASHAEL THESIS SUPERVISOR: DR. ÖNDER KÜÇÜKURAL ISTANBUL, 2020 IBN HALDUN UNIVERSITY ALLIANCE OF CIVILIZATIONS INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF CIVILIZATION STUDIES MASTER THESIS AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF WOMEN’S INVOLVEMENT IN NEW AGE SPIRITUALITY IN TURKEY by FATEMAH MASHAEL A thesis submitted to the Alliance of Civilizations Institute in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Civilization Studies THESIS SUPERVISOR: DR. ÖNDER KÜÇÜKURAL ISTANBUL, 2020 ONAY SAYFASI Bu tez tarafımızca okunmuş olup kapsam ve nitelik açısından, Medeniyet Araştırmaları alanında Yüksek Lisans Derecesini alabilmek için yeterli olduğuna karar verilmiştir. Tez Jürisi Üyeleri: KANAATİ İMZA Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Önder Küçükural ______________ _______________________ (Tez Danışmanı) _____________ ________________________ Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Kurtuluş Cengiz Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Nursem Keskin _____________ ________________________ Aksay Bu tezin İbn Haldun Üniversitesi Medeniyetler İttifakı Enstitüsü tarafından konulan tüm standartlara uygun şekilde yazıldığı teyit edilmiştir. Tarih Mühür/İmza AKADEMİK DÜRÜSTLÜK BEYANI Bu çalışmada yer alan tüm bilgilerin akademik kurallara ve etik ilkelere uygun olarak toplanıp sunulduğunu, söz konusu kurallar ve ilkelerin zorunlu kıldığı çerçevede, çalışmada özgün olmayan tüm bilgi ve belgelere, alıntılama standartlarına uygun olarak referans
  • Indian Messiah: the Attraction of Meher Baba to British Audiences in the 1930S

    Indian Messiah: the Attraction of Meher Baba to British Audiences in the 1930S

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Explore Bristol Research Mukherjee, S. (2017). Indian Messiah: the attraction of Meher Baba to British audiences in the 1930s. Journal of Religious History, 41(2), 215-234. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9809.12402 Peer reviewed version License (if available): CC BY-NC Link to published version (if available): 10.1111/1467-9809.12402 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the author accepted manuscript (AAM). The final published version (version of record) is available online via Wiley at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-9809.12402/abstract. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms Indian Messiah: The attraction of Meher Baba to British audiences in the 1930s* Abstract This article considers the British reception to Meher Baba, an Indian religious figure, who first travelled to Britain in 1931. Following a tradition of Indian religious figures who toured Britain and America in the nineteenth and twentieth century, Baba was removed from organised religion and placed emphasis on self-realisation, and attracted large British followings notably dominated by women. This article argues that the 1930s witnessed a continuing interest in Indian religious figures and adherence to Orientalist stereotypes about Indian religiosity despite changing political dynamics.
  • Title & Imprint

    Title & Imprint

    MOTHER INDIA MONTHLY REVIEW OF CULTURE JANUARY 2015 PRICE: Rs. 30.00 SUBSCRIPTIONS INLAND Annual: Rs. 200.00 For 10 years: Rs. 1,800.00 Price per Single Copy: Rs. 30.00 OVERSEAS Sea Mail: Annual: $35 or Rs. 1,400.00 For 10 years: $350 or Rs. 14,000.00 Air Mail: Annual: $70 or Rs. 2,800.00 For 10 years: $700 or Rs. 28,000.00 All payments to be made in favour of Mother India, Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Pondicherry. For outstation cheques kindly add Rs. 15 for annual membership and Rs. 50 for 10-year subscription. Subscribers are requested to mention their subscription number in case of any enquiry. The correspondents should give their full address in BLOCK letters, with pin code. Lord, Thou hast willed, and I execute, A new light breaks upon the earth, A new world is born. The things that were promised are fulfilled. All Rights Reserved. No matter appearing in this journal or part thereof may be reproduced or translated without written permission from the publishers except for short extracts as quotations. The views expressed by the authors are not necessarily those of the journal. All correspondence to be addressed to: MOTHER INDIA, Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Pondicherry - 605 002, India Phone: (0413) 2233642 e-mail: [email protected] Publishers: Sri Aurobindo Ashram Trust Founding Editor: K. D. SETHNA (AMAL KIRAN) Editors: RAVI, HEMANT KAPOOR, RANGANATH RAGHAVAN Published by: MANOJ DAS GUPTA SRI AUROBINDO ASHRAM TRUST PUBLICATION DEPARTMENT, PONDICHERRY 605 002 Printed by: SWADHIN CHATTERJEE at Sri Aurobindo Ashram Press, Pondicherry 605 002 PRINTED IN INDIA Registered with the Registrar of Newspapers under No.
  • The Theosophist

    The Theosophist

    THE THEOSOPHIST VOL. 131 NO. 1 OCTOBER 2009 CONTENTS On the Watch-Tower 3 Radha Burnier Theosophy for a New Generation of Inquirers 7 Colin Price An Emerging World View 12 Shirley J. Nicholson What is Theosophy? 15 H. P. Blavatsky Theosophy for a New Generation of Enquirers 23 Surendra Narayan The Eternal Values of the Divine Wisdom 28 Bhupendra R. Vora The Theosophist: Past is Prologue 32 John Algeo Fragments of the Ageless Wisdom 37 The Theosophical Society for a New Generation of Enquirers 38 Dara Tatray Back to Blavatsky will Fossilize Theosophy Forwards with Blavatsky will Vitalize Theosophy 43 Edi D. Bilimoria Statement by Members Assembled in Brasilia, July 2009 51 International Directory 54 Editor: Mrs Radha Burnier NOTE: Articles for publication in The Theosophist should be sent to the Editorial Office. Cover: H. P. Blavatsky. Montage including cover of The Theosophist, 1882 Adyar Archives Official organ of the President, founded by H. P. Blavatsky, 1879. The Theosophical Society is responsible only for official notices appearing in this magazine. THE THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY Founded 17 November 1875 President: Mrs Radha Burnier Vice-President: Mrs Linda Oliveira Secretary: Mrs Kusum Satapathy Treasurer: Miss Keshwar Dastur Headquarters: ADYAR, CHENNAI (MADRAS) 600 020, INDIA Emails: Below Secretary: [email protected] Treasury: [email protected] Fax: (+91-44) 2446-3464 Adyar Library and Research Centre: [email protected] Theosophical Publishing House: [email protected] & [email protected] Fax: (+91-44) 2490-1399 Editorial Office: [email protected] Website: http://www.ts-adyar.org The Theosophical Society is composed of students, belonging to any religion in the world or to none, who are united by their approval of the Societys Objects, by their wish to remove religious antagonisms and to draw together men of goodwill, whatsoever their religious opinions, and by their desire to study religious truths and to share the results of their studies with others.
  • Kriya: Internal Alchemy for the Soul Swami Anandakapila Saraswati (Dr

    Kriya: Internal Alchemy for the Soul Swami Anandakapila Saraswati (Dr

    JOY: The Journal of Yoga Fall 2004, Volume 3, Number 6 Kriya: Internal Alchemy for the Soul Swami Anandakapila Saraswati (Dr. Jonn Mumford) Ananda Ashram, Pondicherry; Bihar School of Yoga, Munger Keywords: Kriya Yoga, Internal Alchemy, Laya Yoga, Tantra Abstract: The word Kriya means movement, motion or agitation. It applies to a series of internal cleansing practices that are important in Hatha Yoga. In contrast to the physical cleansing emphasized in the kriyas of Hatha Yoga, Kriya Yoga is a powerful form of dynamic meditation, an ancient tantric science for internal transformation and psychic rather than physical cleansing. Primary Text: The word Kriya implies an active, direct approach to controlling physical and psychic energies œ rousing into full manifestation that spiritual and bioenergetic force normally latent in the temple-tomb of the physical being. I use the acronym "CREA" to succinctly describe the results and practice of Kriya Yoga. Kriya Yoga is a system of "Creative Relaxation and Energy Actualization". The shortest Sanskrit definition of Kriya is activity and therefore Kriya Yoga implies a direct and active method for piercing the veil of maya in contradistinction to many passive meditation approaches. Kriya also implies "doing, performing, effecting, action, and rite". The Sanskrit root "Kr" means "do, act, see to, conduct (affairs): make, cause, contrive.“ Hence Kriya has become very popular with Westerners; the dynamic interplay of breath, posture and mental visualizations offer sufficient variety to engage our mental processes œ considering we are ruined by-products of a TV culture with rampant Attention Deficit Disorder and an incessant need for instant entertainment.
  • Osho Dynamic Meditation, Page 1

    Osho Dynamic Meditation, Page 1

    Osho Dynamic Meditation, Page 1 Psychological Science: Research, Theory and Future Directions Edited by Kostas Andrea Fanti ISBN: 978-960-6672-26-2, 347 pages, Hardback First published in 2007 by ATINER Effects of Seven-Day Osho Dynamic Study: A Pilot Study 205 Vyas, A. Running head: Effects of Seven-Day Osho Dynamic Meditation Study Effects of Seven-Day Osho Dynamic Study: A Pilot Study Avni Vyas, Ph.D. Psychological Passages, Inc. Osho Dynamic Meditation, Page 2 Abstract This research was conducted to investigate the clinical and corporate effects of a 7-Day Osho Dynamic Meditation. Clinical variables were measured for psychopathological symptoms or syndromes, self esteem, and anger. Corporate variables were burn out rates and occupational stress. Participants meditated daily for 7 days. Psychological instruments were completed at baseline, Day 7, and Day 12. Results of a mixed-effects model with pair-wise comparisons indicated significant decreases in several psychopathological variables such as anxious-depressive syndrome, somatic complaints, aggressive behaviors, and depression. There was a significant decrease in trait-anger and an increase in defensive self-enhancement scores. In the corporate arena, there was a significant reduction of emotional exhaustion, role overload, psychological strain, physical strain, and a significant increase rational/cognitive coping ability. Thus, this study showed that Osho Dynamic Meditation can be used as a psychotherapeutic intervention for a multitude of clinical and corporate issues. Osho Dynamic Meditation, Page 3 Effects of Seven-Day Osho Dynamic Study Protocol: A Pilot Study Defining Meditation Historically, while meditation has been practiced for centuries by various cultures it is only recently that the effects of meditation have been studied more widely within the scientific community.