DOCSLIB.ORG

Declaring Victory and Admitting Defeat

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Declaring Victory and Admitting Defeat Declaring Victory and Admitting Defeat Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy In the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Thomas Michael Dolan Jr. Graduate Program in Political Science The Ohio State University 2009 Dissertation Committee: Richard K. Herrmann, Advisor Daniel Verdier Theodore Hopf Copyright by Thomas Michael Dolan Jr. 2009 Abstract When do wartime events cause state leaders to change their political or military approach to a war, or try to end it? This study answers this question by focusing on leaders’ beliefs about how war advances their political aims and the changes those beliefs undergo, and the role of emotions in motivating or suppressing those changes. These key beliefs are conceptualized as Theories of Victory, and three key types of theory of victory—oriented toward demonstrating capability, wearying their opponent, or directly acquiring the aims—are identified. These types are used to explain how leaders interpret wartime events and, if they conclude their approach has failed, what further options (if any) will seem plausible. The motivation to learn associated with anxiety (produced by novel bad news) and the suppression of learning associated with anger and contentedness (produced by familiar bad news and good news) are used to explain when particular series of events lead to these key changes. Three cases are used to test the theory—the Winter War (Finland-USSR 1939-1940), the Pacific War (US-Japan 1941-1945) and the Battle of France (France-Germany 1940). ii Dedication For my Parents iii Acknowledgements It has been a long journey. My gratitude, therefore, goes out first and foremost to those who have helped me along the way. Professionally, that gratitude must first and foremost go to Richard K. Herrmann, who has truly been everything an advisor and chair could be: mentor, reader, critic, sounding board, advocate. Without his influence, this dissertation would not exist. I am similarly grateful to Daniel Verdier and Theodore Hopf, for their understanding, insights, and patience. At a personal level, my gratitude goes first to my family. My parents, Tom and Cyndy, never doubted that I could do it, and reminded me often of their faith in me. My sisters, Rachel and Annie, have always been there—on the phone, in person, and helping me move. I have also benefitted greatly from seven years at the Department of Political Science of the Ohio State University, as well as a year as a visiting instructor at the University of Rochester. I owe debts of gratitude to both departments, for their financial support and employment, for the resources made available, for the opportunities to be among such great communities of scholars. At Ohio State, beyond the members of my committee, I must make particular mention of Kathleen McGraw, Don Sylvan, Irfan Noorudin, Brian Pollins, Marilyn Brewer, Marcus Kurtz, Richard Ned Lebow, Randall Schweller, and John Mueller; Zach Mears, Nathan Toronto, Unisia Wszoleck, Michael Reese, Srdjan Vucetic, Chris Moore, Autumn Lockwood Payton, Paul Fritz, Austin Carson, Jon Myers, and the staff of the PRL, led by the inimitable Bill Miller. At the University of Rochester, I owe a particular debt of gratitude to Hein Goemans, who has read chapters, listened to talks, and provided encouragement. Richard Niemi, Daniel Epstein, Hye Jee Cho, and Jeremy Kedziora have also been particularly good colleagues. Participation in three workshops—the Summer Institute in Political Psychology (Ohio State), The Institute for Qualitative Research Methods (Arizona State), and the Summer Workshop iv on Military Operations and Strategy (Saltzman Institute)—has also shaped and improved this project. My gratitude goes to their organizers, faculty, funders, and my fellow participants. A University Fellowship helped me start my work at Ohio State. Part of the research in was funded through a grant from the Mershon Center at Ohio State. I am also grateful for an Aumman Research Award from the OSU Department of Political Science. I am grateful for the assistance of Archivists at the National Archives (II) in College Park Maryland and the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library. The maps included are courtesy of the Department of History, United States Military Academy. I am also grateful to Layla Meshkova for assistance with Russian translations of some texts. None of this would have happened but for a wonderful undergraduate education at Sewanee (the University of the South). Barclay Ward, Charles Perry, Gayle McKeen, Joan Ward, Robert Keele, and Samuel R. Williamson merit particular mention in this regard. The same goes for the other inspired and inspiring teachers and mentors I have encountered: Hal Graff, Dorothy Fisher, Frank Lennox, Ralph Karn, Vivian McManus, George Savarese, Michael Switala, Larry Flint, and John Heitz. During this season of my life I have had more and better friends than at any other time. Kirk Kerr, John Tanner, and Kevin Shafer deserve first mention, but there are many others, among them the Torontos, Caroline and Daniel Shaver, Carly Burton, Sarah Wegener, Curtis and Meredith Broadbent, Ben Marsh, Michael Anderson, the Conleys, the Marples, the Dinnings and Richard Christenson. v Vita 1996……………………………………………………………..Eagle Scout Award, Greater Pittsburgh Council 1997……………………………………………………………..Diploma, Keystone Oaks High School 2001……………………………………………………………..B.A. Political Science, History, Summa cum Laude, The University of the South 2001-2004……………………………………………………Student and Graduate Assistant, Department of Political Science, The Ohio State University 2004-2008…………………………………………………Graduate Teaching Associate and Instructor, Department of Political Science, The Ohio State University 2008-2009…………………………………………………….Visiting Instructor, Department of Political Science, University of Rochester Publication Kathleen McGraw and Thomas M. Dolan, (2007) “Personifying the State: Consequences for Attitude Formation,” Political Psychology, 28:3, pp. 299-327. Fields of Study Major Field: Political Science Field: International Relations Subfields: International Security and Foreign Policy Minor: Political Psychology vi Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ ii Dedication ....................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements......................................................................................................................... iv Vita .................................................................................................................................................. vi List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. viii List of Illustrations ........................................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Theory .......................................................................................................................... 24 Chapter 3: The Winter War ............................................................................................................ 94 Chapter 4: The Battle of France ................................................................................................... 168 Chapter 5: Japan in the Pacific War ............................................................................................. 255 Chapter 7: The US in the Pacific War ........................................................................................... 367 Chapter 8: Summary Analysis and Conclusions ........................................................................... 415 References ................................................................................................................................... 430 Appendix A: Emotion Theory ....................................................................................................... 454 vii List of Charts Table 1: Theories of Victory ........................................................................................................... 11 Table 2: Emotion and Learning, Battle of France ......................................................................... 250 Table 3: Changes in Aims, Battle of France .................................................................................. 251 Table 4: Japan-Pacific War—Framing Effects .............................................................................. 297 Table 5: Summary of Framing Effects Cases ................................................................................ 418 Table 6: Affective Response and Reconsideration ....................................................................... 421 Table 7: Changes in Aims ............................................................................................................. 426 viii List of Illustrations Figure 1: Map 3.1: The Winter War ............................................................................................... 97 Figure 2: Map 4.1: The Battle of France....................................................................................... 170 Figure
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Blitzkrieg: the Evolution of Modern Warfare and the Wehrmacht's
    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 8-2021 Blitzkrieg: The Evolution of Modern Warfare and the Wehrmacht’s Impact on American Military Doctrine during the Cold War Era Briggs Evans East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Evans, Briggs, "Blitzkrieg: The Evolution of Modern Warfare and the Wehrmacht’s Impact on American Military Doctrine during the Cold War Era" (2021). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3927. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3927 This Thesis - unrestricted is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Blitzkrieg: The Evolution of Modern Warfare and the Wehrmacht’s Impact on American Military Doctrine during the Cold War Era ________________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in History ______________________ by Briggs Evans August 2021 _____________________ Dr. Stephen Fritz, Chair Dr. Henry Antkiewicz Dr. Steve Nash Keywords: Blitzkrieg, doctrine, operational warfare, American military, Wehrmacht, Luftwaffe, World War II, Cold War, Soviet Union, Operation Desert Storm, AirLand Battle, Combined Arms Theory, mobile warfare, maneuver warfare. ABSTRACT Blitzkrieg: The Evolution of Modern Warfare and the Wehrmacht’s Impact on American Military Doctrine during the Cold War Era by Briggs Evans The evolution of United States military doctrine was heavily influenced by the Wehrmacht and their early Blitzkrieg campaigns during World War II.
    [Show full text]
  • Cry Havoc Règles Fr 05/01/14 17:46 Page1 Guiscarduiscard
    maquette historique UK v2_cry havoc règles fr 05/01/14 17:46 Page1 Guiscarduiscard HISTORY & SCENARIOS maquette historique UK v2_cry havoc règles fr 05/01/14 17:46 Page2 © Buxeria & Historic’One éditions - 2014 - v1.1 maquette historique UK v2_cry havoc règles fr 05/01/14 17:46 Page1 History Normans in Southern Italy and Sicily in the 11th Century 1 - The historical context 1.1 - Southern Italy and Sicily at the beginning of the 11th Century Byzantium had conquered Southern Italy and Sicily in the first half of the 6th century. But by the end of that century, Lombards coming from Northern Italy had conquered most of the peninsula, with Byzantium retaining only Calabria and Sicily. From the middle of the 9th century, the Aghlabid Dynasty of Ifrîquya (the original name of Eastern Maghreb) raided Sicily to take possession of the island. A new Byzantine offensive at the end of the century took back most of the lost territories in Apulia and Calabria and established Bari as the new provincial capital. Lombard territories further north were broken down between three cities led by princes: Capua, Salerno, and Benevento. Further east, Italian duchies of Naples, Amalfi, and Gaeta tried to keep their autonomy through successive alliances with the various regional powers to try and maintain their commercial interests. Ethnic struggles in Sicily between Arabs and Berbers on the one side, and various dynasties on the other side, led to power fragmentation: The island is divided between four rival military factions at the beginning of the 11th century. Beyond its natural boundaries, Southern Italy had to cope with two external powers which were looking to expel Byzantium from what they considered was part of their area of influence: the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • New Challenges and Opportunities in the Taiwan Strait: Defining America’S Role
    New Challenges and Opportunities in the Taiwan Strait: Defining America’s Role By Thomas J. Christensen PREFACE Nations define their identities in many ways – through language, culture, political ideology, religion, ethnicity, and territory. When one or more of these elements becomes contested either between nations or within them, the potential for conflict and war arises. In the case of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan, all six of these elements are now to a greater or lesser degree being contested. The official view of the PRC is that Taiwan is part of a yet-to-be-defined “one China.” The ROC no longer claims to be the legitimate government of all of China; its official position is that it is a separate, independent state, reunification is only an option, and an option that could only be achieved should both sides of the Strait, as equals, come to a mutually satisfactory agreement. Adding to the complexity of what is known as cross-Strait relations is the deep involvement of the United States, which maintains close but “unofficial” ties with Taiwan and ever-expanding, official relations with the mainland, and whose policies and military support for Taiwan are designed to dissuade both parties from actions that would lead them to violent conflict. Developments of major historical significance have taken place in the PRC and the ROC since Truman first involved the United States by sending the Seventh Fleet to patrol the Taiwan Strait shortly after the outbreak of the Korean War. The two most relevant to current cross-Strait relations are the PRC’s “Reform and Opening” and its resulting economic growth, and the development of multi-party democracy in the ROC.
    [Show full text]
  • Executive Intelligence Review, Volume 16, Number 26, June 23
    �TIillSpecial Reports THE SCIENCE THE WESTERN OF STATECR AFT OLIGA RCHY Strategic Studies by Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr. The Trilateral Conspiracy Against the U.S. Constitution: Fact or Fiction? Foreword by Lyndon LaRouche. Order Operation Juarez. LaRouche's famous analysis of the Ibero­ #85019. $100. American "debt bomb"-a program for continental integra­ tion. Order #82010*. $100. Moscow's Secret Weapon: Ariel Sharon and the Israeli Mafia April 1986. Order #86001. $250. A Conceptual Outline of Modern Economic Science. Or­ der #82016. $50. The Libertarian Conspiracy to Destroy America's Schools. Order #86004. $250. Religion, Science, and Statecraft: New Directions in Indo-European Philology. Order #83001. $100. White Paper on the Panama Crisis: Who's Out to De­ stabilize the u.s. Ally, and Why. Order #88002. $100. Saudi Arabia in the Year 2023. The thematic task of the Arab world in the next four decades: conquering the desert. A Classical KGB Disinformation Campaign: Who Killed Order #83008. $100. Olof Palme? Issued November 1986. Order #86010. $100. The Implications of Beam-Weapon Technology for the The Panama Crisis, 18 Months Later. Order #88002 $100. Military Doctrine of Argentina. Order #83015. Was $250. The Kalmanowitch Report: Soviet Moles in the Reagan­ Reduced price: $100. Bush Administration. Order #88001. $150. The Design of a Leibnizian Academy for Morocco. Order #83016. Was $250. Reduced price: $100. Mathematical Physics From the Starting Point of Both Ancient and Modern Economic Science. Order #83017. THE SOVIET UNION Was $250. Reduced price: $100. The Development of the Indian and Pacific Ocean Bas­ Will Moscow Become the Third Rome? How the KGB ins.
    [Show full text]
  • Series: John's Letters Title: My Identity in Christ Text: 1 John 5:1-4 Date
    Series: John’s Letters Title: My Identity in Christ Text: 1 John 5:1-4 Date: June 27, 2021 Verse 1 In the first verse of chapter 5, John aimed to remind his readers of their identity in Christ. He said, “Everyone who believes that Jesus is the Christ has been born of God, and everyone who loves the Father also loves the one born of him” (1 John 5:1). The word translated “born” referred to a spiritual type of birth. It was used of an event we often call “regeneration.” Jesus spoke of the event in John’s gospel, saying, “Truly I tell you, unless someone is born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God” (John 3:3). One theologian has defined regeneration as “The action of the Holy Spirit, who transforms the lives of those given the gift of faith so they experience a ‘new birth’ and salvation through Jesus Christ.”1 Another has described the concept, saying it is “a secret act of God in which he imparts new spiritual life to us; sometimes called ‘being born again.’”2 Paul referenced regeneration when he told Titus, “He saved us—not by works of righteousness that we had done, but according to his mercy— through the washing of regeneration and renewal by the Holy Spirit” (Titus 3:5). Interestingly, John spoke of the act of regeneration with a passive voice verb, using what Bible scholars often call “the divine passive.” His intent was to depict the act of regeneration as being performed upon a person. The new birth is something accomplished by God and God alone.
    [Show full text]
  • New Documents on Mongolia and the Cold War
    Cold War International History Project Bulletin, Issue 16 New Documents on Mongolia and the Cold War Translation and Introduction by Sergey Radchenko1 n a freezing November afternoon in Ulaanbaatar China and Russia fell under the Mongolian sword. However, (Ulan Bator), I climbed the Zaisan hill on the south- after being conquered in the 17th century by the Manchus, Oern end of town to survey the bleak landscape below. the land of the Mongols was divided into two parts—called Black smoke from gers—Mongolian felt houses—blanketed “Outer” and “Inner” Mongolia—and reduced to provincial sta- the valley; very little could be discerned beyond the frozen tus. The inhabitants of Outer Mongolia enjoyed much greater Tuul River. Chilling wind reminded me of the cold, harsh autonomy than their compatriots across the border, and after winter ahead. I thought I should have stayed at home after all the collapse of the Qing dynasty, Outer Mongolia asserted its because my pen froze solid, and I could not scribble a thing right to nationhood. Weak and disorganized, the Mongolian on the documents I carried up with me. These were records religious leadership appealed for help from foreign countries, of Mongolia’s perilous moves on the chessboard of giants: including the United States. But the first foreign troops to its strategy of survival between China and the Soviet Union, appear were Russian soldiers under the command of the noto- and its still poorly understood role in Asia’s Cold War. These riously cruel Baron Ungern who rode past the Zaisan hill in the documents were collected from archival depositories and pri- winter of 1921.
    [Show full text]
  • Davies. Troilus and Siege
    ! ‘Wereyed on every side:’ Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde and the Logic of Siege Warfare* D"#$%& D"'$%( Geo)rey Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde is a narrative of war that disavows any interest in recounting the events of war. Set towards the end of the Trojan War, Chaucer’s tale turns its back on valorous deeds and bloody battles in favour of the love a)air between a Trojan prince and a beautiful widow, Troilus and Criseyde. *is attitude is epitomized by a line from the opening of the poem that Chaucer closely translated from Giovanni Boccaccio’s Il Filostrato: ‘*e thynges fellen, as they don of werre’ (+.+!,).+ *ings happened, as they do in war: armies attacked the city, the city fought back; pitched battles occurred, soldiers died; the war of attrition continued. *e events of the Trojan War are ‘wel wist’ (+.-.), and it is not Chaucer’s task or his intention to recapitulate what we already know about the war. *is idea is repeated at the end of the poem, where Chaucer states that if he had intended to write ‘*e armes of this ilke worthi man, / *an wolde ich of his batailles endite; / But for that I to writen /rst bigan / Of his love, I have seyd as I kan’ (-.+.0-–+.01). If Chaucer had meant to write about Troilus’ military endeavours, then * For their criticism, commentary and support, I would like to thank Kellie Robertson and the two anonymous readers of New Medieval Literatures, Aaron Bartels-Swindells, Arthur Bahr, Rita Copeland, Helen Cushman, Jonathan Morton, Paul Saint-Amour, Emily Steiner, Spencer Strub and David Wallace, and audiences at the Sewanee Medieval Colloquium, Delaware Medieval Association and La Poésie dans les temps de guerre for comments and suggestions.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CONCEPT of the DOUBLE JOSEPH'conrad by Werner
    The concept of the double in Joseph Conrad Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Bruecher, Werner, 1927- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 30/09/2021 16:33:07 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/318966 THE CONCEPT OF THE DOUBLE JOSEPH'CONRAD by Werner Bruecher A Thesis Snbmitted to tHe Faculty of the .' DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College THE OTHERS TTY OF ' ARIZONA ' STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in The University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable with­ out special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in their judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholar­ ship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below ^/viz.
    [Show full text]
  • World War II and Australia
    Essay from “Australia’s Foreign Wars: Origins, Costs, Future?!” http://www.anu.edu.au/emeritus/members/pages/ian_buckley/ This Essay (illustrated) also available on The British Empire at: http://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/australiaswars9.htm 9. World War II and Australia A. September 3, 1939, War 1 (a) Poland Invaded, Britain Declares War, Australia Follows (b) Britain continues ‘Standing By’ – the Phoney War (c) German U-boat and Air Superiority B. Early Defeats 5 (a) Norway, then France, Fall (b) A British Settlement with Hitler? (c) Challenge to Churchill’s leadership fails C. Germany invades Russia 11 (a) Germany Invades Russia, June 22, 1941 (b) Churchill and Roosevelt Meet – the Atlantic Charter D. Japan Enters WWII 16 (a) Early lightning gains – with historical roots (b) Singapore Falls; facing invasion, Australia fights back (c) Midway Battle turns the Naval Tide (d) Young Australians repel forces aimed at Port Moresby (e) Its Security Assured, how then should Australia have fought the Pacific War? E. Back to ‘Germany First’& further delaying the Second Front 30 (a) The Strategy and Rationale (b) Post-Stalingrad Eastern Front: January 1943 – May 1945 (c) Britain’s Contribution to ‘Winning the War against Germany’ F. The Dominions and the RAF’s Air War on Germany (a) The Origins of the ‘Empire Air Training Scheme’ (EATS) 35 (b) EATS and the Defence of Australia - any Connection? (c) Air Operations – Europe (d) Ill-used Australian Aircrew (e) RAF Bomber Command and its Operations – (see Official UK, US Reports!) (f) A contrast: US Air Force’s Specific Target Bombing from mid-1944 G.
    [Show full text]
  • Rickbeecroft 1Stad CV Credits Toptechs2
    st RICK BEECROFT - 1 Assistant Director CURRICULUM VITAE Film, Television & Commercial Production Mobile: +61 427 973 348 email: [email protected] or [email protected] Website: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0066361 Booking Agent: Top Techs +61299581611 email: [email protected] FEATURE FILMS (FF) / TELE-MOVIES (TM)/ DRAMA DOCO (DD) / WEB SERIES (WS) 2020 Sissy FF Prod: Lisa Shaunessy Dirs: Kane Senes, Hannah Barlow Arcadia, Sincerely Cecilia Pty Ltd Kidnapped in Paradsie FF Prods: Kim Roberts, Steve Jaggi Dir: Vic Sarin Sepia Films Unsolved Cases – JFK Assassination DD Prods; Mio Ietomi, Bennett Walsh Dir: Takegoro Nishimura NHK Japan 2019 The Flood FF - Prod: Amadeo Marquez-Perez Dir: Victoria Wharfe/McIntrye Wagtail Films Pty Ltd Honour FF – (development) Films & Casting Temple Pty Ltd, Prod: Anupam Sharma Smashing FF – (development) Producer/Director: Juliet Darling 2018 2067 FF Prods: Lisa Shaunessy, Kate Crosser Dir: Seth Larney Subject 14 Pty Ltd, Arcadia Pty Ltd Locusts FF Prod: Angus Watt Dir: Heath Davis Estranged Films Pty Ltd The Furies FF Prods: Andy Marriot, Lisa Shaunessy Dir: Tony D’Aquino Killer Instinct The Movie Pty Ltd 2017 Pet Killer WS Prod: Enzo Tedeschi Dir: Tibo Pinsard Killer Films 2099- The Soldier Protocol FF Prods: Veronica Sive, Silvio Salom Dir: Dee MacLachlan Sunjive Studios Pty Ltd 2016 Event Zero FF Prod: Cathey Rechichi Dir: Enzo Tedeschi Deadrock Films Pty Lid, Killer Films Pty Ltd Harmony FF Prods: Abe Tabone, Peter Drinkwater Dir: Cory Pearson FilmGrit Pty Ltd 1 2015 Killing Ground FF Prod: Joe Weatherstone Dir: Damien Power Campfire Films Pty Ltd 2014 UnIndian FF Prods: Lisa Duff, Anu Sharma Dir: Anu Sharma Films & Casting Temple Pty Ltd 2013 All About E FF Prod: Jay Rutovitz Dir: Louise Wadley Girls Own Pictures Pty Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • Sovereignty, Statehood, Self-Determination, and the Issue of Taiwan Jianming Shen
    American University International Law Review Volume 15 | Issue 5 Article 4 2000 Sovereignty, Statehood, Self-Determination, and the Issue of Taiwan Jianming Shen Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/auilr Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Shen, Jianming. "Sovereignty, Statehood, Self-Determination, and the Issue of Taiwan." American University International Law Review 15, no. 5 (2000): 1101-1161, This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University International Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SOVEREIGNTY, STATEHOOD, SELF- DETERMINATION, AND THE ISSUE OF TAIWAN JIANMING SHEN* INTRODUCTION ............................................. 1102 I. TAIWAN'S ATTRIBUTES AND THE NATURE OF THE TAIW AN ISSUE .................................... ..... 1104 A. HISTORICAL BASIS FOR CHINA'S SOVEREIGNTY OVER T A VAN ................................................ 1105 B. LEGAL BASES FOR CHINA'S SOVEREIGNTY OVER TAIWAN 1109 1. Historic Title as a Legal Basis ....................... 1109 2. Invalidity of the Shimonoseki Treat ................. 1110 3. Legal Effects of the Cairo/Potsdam Declarations..... 1112 4. The 1951 San Francesco Peace Treat ' ................ 1114 5. The 1952 Peace Treat ,............................... 1116 C. INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION OF CHINA'S SOVEREIGNTY OVER TAIW AN ........................................... 1117 1. PRC's Continuity of the ROC and Its Legal Effects ... 1117 2. Recognition by 160+ States .......................... 1121 3. Recognition by hternationalOrganizations .......... 1122 4. Significance of the General Recognition Accorded to the P R C .............................................
    [Show full text]
  • The London School of Economics and Political Science the Crafting Of
    The London School of Economics and Political Science The Crafting of the Treaty of Peace with Japan, 1945-1951 Seung Mo Kang A thesis submitted to the Department of International History of the London School of Economics and Political Science for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, September 2020 1 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorization does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 99,908 words. 2 Acknowledgements I really could not have done this project alone and I owe thanks to so many people. I would first like to thank my supervisor Dr. Antony Best for always being willing to talk to me and for his meticulous review of my work. Throughout the course of my studies, he has taught me how to prioritize, summarize, clarify and most importantly to engage and write like an historian and not simply copy-and-paste interesting facts that previous books and articles did not mention.
    [Show full text]