K

CONTENTS

5 25 A Woman's Place is at Sea SEAGULL Junior SIMA Painting by Kate Linley MNI AMSA Vol XVI No 64 Competition at Surveyor Feb 11 - Apr 11 Empress Gardens by Ms Anuradha Thakur 8 HMS Codrington 26 by Cmdre R Vir ( Retd) DEPARTMENTS Ingestion of Marine Debris by 3 Loggerhead Sea Turtles, Caretta, Caretta in the Editorial 10 Adriatic Sea Fatal Passage from India that 4 by Capt Bojan Lazar and Ended in Fire on the Downs Letters Romana Gracan by Melissa van der Klugt 41 Gallimaufry 27 International Coastal 12 Cleanup 2010 - India HOVERCRAFT Cover Picture by Cdr Mukund Lele (Retd) by Cmde P K Malhotra Cummins Ad Students of Beacon High School 29 14 at Juhu Beach, Mumbai ICC List Why they Chose to go Down with the Ship 21 by Ameeta Mulla Wattal 31 Cdr Donde to Represent It Isn't a Zero Sum Game India in Trans-Atlantic by Mr Jairam Ramesh, Boat Race 16 Environmental Minister by Pranav Kulkarni On Watch at Sea: Petrel Power 22 33 by Captain Stephen Memorial Day in Pakistan Navy Faces Chapman FINII Pune - 14 November 2010 A Stern Test by Usman Ansari 23 18 SIMA Workshop at Peacock 35 India's Fleet Expansion Plans Bay, N.D.A. could Benefit its Shipyards Fears Over Nickel - Ore by Hoshnar Kaikobad Transport 20 24 Letter from Europe Iceberg 36 November 2010 A Refugee in a Container by Capt H Beil (GN) Retd by Kapil Dev Bahl

48 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 1 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

K

K

The Sea Our Strength

The Indian Maritime Foundation Mumbai Branch of IMF Council Members Commodore Ajay H. Chitnis (Retd) Commodore R Vir (Retd) (Tel. : 26120785) Vice President,Indian Maritime Foundation Great Offshore Limited, Energy House, 81 Dr DN Road, President, Overall Development, International Mumbai- 400 001. Tel : 022-66352210 / 66352222, Coastal Cleanup, Maritime Heritage, Marine Art, Mob: 98332 65913. e-mail : [email protected] Ocean Savers Faculty, Treasurer [email protected] Capt R Hajarnavis (Tel.: 25650016) Delhi Branch of IMF Senior Vice President, SeaGull Advertisements Commodore Ranjit B Rai (Retd) [email protected] Vice President, Indian Maritime Foundation Capt S Choudhuri (Tel.: 25535156) C-377, Defence Colony, New Delhi-110024 Vice President, Editor SeaGull Tel: 011-24330087, 24335654 Fax: 011-24330087, e-mail: [email protected] Mrs Nalini Kunte (Tel.: 26163927) Secretary, Public Relations, Membership, Ocean Savers, Lectures, SIMA Committee Chennai Branch of IMF Mrs Naina Delvis (Tel.: 26830171) Rear Admiral K R Srinivasan (Retd) Consultant Art Work [email protected] Vice President, Indian Maritime Foundation Capt A Dixit (Tel.: 25656726) Tel.: 044 - 24616340 ([email protected]) Sai Grace Apt. 3A & B, 10, Dr Manjund Rao Colony, Associate Editor, SeaGull [email protected] Mylapore, Chennai 600 004. Tel.: 044-24616340. Capt A Gole (Tel.: 25436528) IMF Memberships [email protected] Capt RN Gulati (Tel.: 26353104) Honorary Correspondents Former Senior Vice President, Ocean Savers Bangalore : Mr Ramesh Narayan Faculty, I/C IMF Membership. Hong Kong : Capt Deepak Honawar Houston, USA : Mr Atul Vir [email protected] San Francisco, USA : Capt R R Pohli, USN (Retd) Capt S H Honawar (Tel.: 26165155) London : Capt ME Barrow, Royal Navy (Retd) Cdr Mukund Lele (Tel.: 64009656, 9767029752) Noida, New Delhi : Capt Satbir Bakshi Underwater Technology, International Coastal Cleanup Rosrath, Germany : Capt H Beil, German Navy (Retd) [email protected] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil : Capt Luiz Antonio Monteiro Mrs Shobhna Mirchandani (Tel.: 26139164) Singapore : Capt R Choudhuri Public Relations, SeaGull. Sydney, Australia : Mrs Jennifer Knox Tokyo : Major General Hiroshi Shimizu (Retd) Capt Rabi Mishra (Tel.: 26125471, 9850007753) Toulon, France : Rear Adm (Retd) Valere Ortoli IMF Membership Capt K B Patankar SCC (Retd) (Tel.: 25444588) Website : www.indianmaritimefoundation.com Ocean Savers, Sea Cadet Corps (Pune Unit) e-mail : President: [email protected] Mr. KB Pestonjee (Tel.: 26696126) IMF : [email protected] Mr. K H Ragade (Tel.: +91 9545939524) SeaGull Editor : [email protected] Ocean Savers of India Scheme [email protected] Cdr Sati Taneja IN (Retd) (Tel.: 26852394) SeaGull is Published by I/C Seminars [email protected] The Indian Maritime Foundation : 1/402, Gera Gardens, Capt S V Taskar Koregaon Road, Pune- 411001. Underwater Technology, Ocean Diving Tel. : 91-20-26132316, Fax: 91-20-26120785. [email protected] Designed & Printed by - www.ornateindia.co.in Views expressed in this journal are those of the authors only. The contents may be reproduced with written permission of the editor.

2 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 47 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

K K

Editorial

Editorial

This is our first issue of 2011. New Year Greetings to all our readers and best wishes for the coming year. For those at sea “May the seas be kind and the weather fair.” It is during this quarter of the year, partly due to the normally pleasant weather, that most of the IMF “Events” take place. It has followed the same pattern this year. There are two reports on the activities of our sister wing, the Society of Indian Marine Artists (SIMA). The first was a workshop held at Peacock Bay, National Defence Academy. This was much appreciated by the artists as they would not otherwise have got such an opportunity. Also, most welcome were four cadets from the NDA Art Club, who joined the workshop. The second, was the junior SIMA painting competition held in the Empress Gardens. This was a great success with a much larger than anticipated number participating. The enthusiasm shown by the children and their parents were very high and we will have to give some thought as to whether two such competitions can be held every year. A report on a more solemn event “Remembrance Day” has been included in this issue. It is a great help that the venue, the Bund Garden provides a very suitable ambience for the occasion and as in previous occasions it was conducted satisfactorily. The final event was the “International Coastal Clean - Up.” Beside the routine report of the activities around Pune, we have been able to give details of the Clean - Up all over the country. This has been possible only due to the very hard and painstaking work, put in by Cdr Mukund Lele. Included “A Woman’s Place at Sea” which describes Kate Linley’s very successful life at sea. This is of relevance to us as we require many more girls to think about a career at sea. There has been a start, as noted by the number of lady trainees in the many Mercantile Training Colleges around Pune, however their numbers need to be increased greatly. Kapil Dev Bahl an IMF member has contributed and article “A Refugee in a Container.” This is one of the most bizarre stories about cargo carriage that I have ever come across. Can remember only one occasion when in the Persian Gulf I was informed that the C/O had stopped weighing anchor because there was a snake entangled in the anchor cable. Fortunately, panic was averted when it slipped away through the hawse - pipe. Notice Board 25 Jan 11 - IMF's Joint Festival of Environmental Films, with Rotary Club of Pune Central, First Screening of "Life in the Oceans", on Whales, Boat Club , Pune 30 Jan 11 - SIMA Workshop at INS Shivaji, Lonavala 17 Feb 11 - Joint Seminar on " Man and Machine Underwater - New opportunities for Entrepreneurs in Inda", with MCCIA and SUT London, MCCIA Auditorium, Pune 21/22 Feb 11 - International Conference in Mumbai on " Seaports Security India" - organised by IQPC, IMF - Associate Partner, Le Royal Meridian, Mumbai 7 Mar 11 - Seminar on " India's Maritime Destiny - Indian Navy, Coast Guard, Mercantile Marine and Ports", by IMF's Delhi Branch, India International Centre, Delhi 25-27 Mar 11 - SIMA's Annual Exhibition of Seascapes, Balgandharva Kala Dalan, Pune 29 Mar 11 - "Life in the Oceans ", Second Screening, on Open Ocean and Deep Ocean, Boat Club, Pune 3 May 11 - " Life in the Oceans", Third Screening, Migration of Birds on the Oceans", Boat Club, Pune New Website : www.indianmaritimefoundation.com

46 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 3 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

K K

Letters

My Experience at the Beach Clean-Up your friends made it all the more worthwhile!! Sir, Sure there were some disadvantages-like we all Everyone dreams of doing something or the came back smelling like a mixture of fish and other to save the environment. Some may not garbage-but just knowing that we had done our bit want everyone to know that what they do and to save the environment totally covered that up!!! some don't care what other people say. One day, I So, just one bit of advice- NEVER EVER let got my chance. I could do something to save an opportunity like that just pass you by!! You mother nature!!! should grasp it and make the most of it, take the Our school is one of the many that is bull by the horns, and trust me, you will definitely associated with the CMCA project. The CMCA NOT regret it!! board organizes a beach clean-up drive every year after the Ganpati Visarjan for all students of these Chelsea Das schools. This year as captain of my CMCA Beacon High School class,Kontributing Kids, I too was part of this wonderful drive!! I am writing to tell you all about my lovely experience. Ten people were selected from each class to go Dear Sir, for the beach clean-up. We reported to school as I mentioned the importance of Island usual and were taken straight from there to Juhu Territories and their EEZ in my article on the beach. In the bus, we thought that it would be a Andaman & Nicobars in the last issue. Herald Maritime piece of cake and we chattered excitedly about We have recently witnessed the furore created how we would clean the beach!! when an errant Chinese fishing boat collided with But, as soon as we reached, our jaws dropped a Japanese Coast Guard patrol boat off the in horror!! You could hardly see the sand on the Diaoyutai Islands in the East China Sea. The beach!! It was that bad! I was so upset that the island which is only 2.5 sq miles in size but citizens of our country did all this!! There was a controls oil and natural gas reserves in the sea sinking feeling in my stomach as I realized that we floor below, became the focus of a super power would never be able to clean up all of the dispute between China and Japan. garbage!! However we got to work in a cheerful The incident set of diplomatic gunshots-- mood! We had on aprons made of jute and gloves. China calling the arrest of the skipper of the We saw all types of things lying in the sand fishing boat invalid and illegal, arguing that the and, to tell the truth, I was pretty grossed out!!! islands have been part of China since ancient But keeping in mind that it was my part to save the times. In response the Japanese are planning to environment, I got to work. station troops on the islands. I picked up flowers and fruits, chains and " Diao Yu Tai Gui Chung Kak" which the different ornaments and God knows what else!! skipper shouted, is quickly becoming a rallying Occasionally, someone would find a piece of the Chinese cry nationwide. The phrase translated statue lying somewhere and everyone would means "the islands belong to China"! and is gather round to see it!! similar to America's "Remember the Alamo"! I know that by reading this, it would not sound that much fun....but believe me it was!!! This was Capt Vijay Shivdasani a once in a lifetime opportunity and doing it with

4 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 45 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

K K

Gallimaufry Shipping

A Woman's Place is at Sea strict environmental controls on the country's sheer size as the largest shipbreaking centre in the by Kate Linley MNI AMSA Surveyor shipbreaking industry, in a verdict likely to trigger world. Iron and steel prices in Bangladesh had protests from the sector that the decision could spell the death-knell of the ship recycling industry For the last 20 years people have been telling Australia and New Zealand or America to in the country. me that being at sea is no longer what it used to Australia and New Zealand and some of them The court stressed that all ships meant for be. More worryingly they also tell me that they took passengers. scrapping would in future need to be certified wouldn't recommend it to others, or that they The ACT ships regularly delivered stores and toxic-free by the selling nation's environmental would stop their own children from going to people to and from Pitcairn Ids, so I had a run authorities. An appeal is allowed, but only for four sea. Perhaps I have been lucky but I believe ashore there. Then I got to complete my set of months. that going to sea is a good place to start a career canal transits by going through the Panama Canal. The decision effectively reinstated a January in the maritime industry. After that trip I joined one of the two fleet tankers 2010 law that the Government had been forced to Out of 40 companies that I applied to for a and spent the next seven months on the South abandon in April after long strikes by cadetship, I had interviews with two and an offer African Coast having a great time. Generally the shipbreaking yards. from one, Cunard Ellerman. When I finally got run was good and the three cadets took it in turns The Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers' my indenture papers, I was 17 and needed a parent to do a month about as uncertificated officer of the Association (BELA) rejoiced at the decision. to sign them for me. watch, which was one of the best learning curves "After this ruling from the country's highest court, Who knows what my story might have been if there can be no more flip-flops in government my parents had opposed my going? As it happens policy on enforcement of environmental they were very supportive and my Dad certainly standards in the shipbreaking industry," said signed the papers with a flourish that indicated BELA president Rizwana Hasan. "It is a victory of that he was very happy about the whole thing. humanity over raw money and muscle power." My first ship For ship recyclers, who had successfully lobbied The time came, the papers were signed, I had in April for the right to import demolition vessels done my intake at college and it was off to sea. I on their own declarations that the ship was free set off for Liverpool and as soon as I was on the from toxic materials, the judgment came as a train my family got on a plane and migrated to massive blow. "This latest court order could bring Adelaide. an end to the Bangladeshi shipbreaking industry, I joined my first ship, the Atlantic Conveyor, a third-generation container ship, built to replace which is the world's largest in terms of tonnage Starting a Career at Sea scrapped," said Anam Chowdhury, an advisor to the original Atlantic Conveyor, which was lost in the Bangladesh Ship Breakers' Association the Falkland Islands conflict. we could have hoped for. (BSBA). "Certainly, it is a big victory for That first voyage was a bit of a shock to the Of course it wasn't all plain sailing and during environmental groups. They want Bangladesh a system - I'd joined at the onset of winter and the this voyage the company was bought by P&O. third world country to maintain European run was across the Atlantic from the UK to North The two tankers were sold off and the ACT runs standards. Even India, our main competitor in the America and back to northern Europe. The other were divvied up between P&O and Blue Star. shipbreaking industry, does not have such high cadet, also called Kate, and I knew that we were in P&O kept the Europe/Australasia runs while Blue standards. Dismantling old ships is a major trouble when they issued us with snow suits to Star kept the North America/Australasia runs. industry in the South Asian country, providing wear on mooring duties and ice axes so that we In due course I finished my cadetship and as a more than two-thirds of domestic steel. According could chip our way through the ice to get to the newly minted third officer legally took up my first to London-based Clarkson Research, the 100 ship forecastle. stint as officer of the watch. With P&O I got to sail scrapping yards in the country had imported The ACT ships were very unimaginatively on a different range of container ships and also on nearly 200 ships last year, accounting for about named Act 1, Act 2, Act 3 etc but the ships different routes, including their Cape to Cape run. 30% of all ships recycled globally, and putting themselves were probably some of my favourite P&O were in a big period of growth at this time Chittagong slightly ahead of India's Alang in ones to sail on. They were a nice size, and had commissioned four newbuildings from comfortable, and their routes were fun - UK to

44 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 5 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

K K

Shipping Gallimaufry

day I might have a family of my own. But how and cement that they carry. "We do make losses experience of the crew. was I going to square this with a perfectly by refusing to go Somalia, but life is more Ultimately what is needed is more training from satisfactory career in the merchant navy? Well, precious," said Bhaya. shipowners. Cadet berths should not be an realistically, I think it would be pretty hard to have Courtesy, Indian Express optional extra they should be an integral part of a family and be deep-sea so I started to look at planning for the future. After all what is the point what was available ashore. I liked the idea of Crew Conundrum of investing tens of millions in a new ship, to only being on the other side of the fence and working by Marcus Hand then leave it idle or crew it with overpaid and for the regulator but I didn't fancy staying at sea It is a topic that has been much debated and inexperienced seafarers? for another 10 years to get to be master so I was written about; the seafarer shortage. Figures for Courtesy, Seatrade going to have to find a different way of making the shortage of officers, such as 50,000 are myself attractive to an employer. bandied around with abandon, but are they Space Ship on the Water I went ashore and put myself through a actually real? As a senior executive in the The Hightech Catamaran Turanor Planet bachelor of engineering in maritime technology. I manning industry points out if there is 50,000 less Solar, designed by New Zealand´s LOM Ocean funded this through a seafarer's bursary and by officers than the industry requires, "Who is Design, is being built by a Yacht Shipyard in Kiel. Kate Linley as an AMSA Surveyor picking up holiday work on the various ferry manning all these ships?" It is an extremely valid It shows new dimensions of boat construction: IHI in Japan to replace their aged Liverpool Bay routes running around the UK. When I finished point, if the industry really was short of 50,000 The vessel, a carbon fibre wavepiercer with a class ships that ran from Europe to the Far East on my degree I had a few months' sea time left to get officers, this would translate into literally dubble hull of 85 tons, is 31 m long, 15 m wide, an eight week liner schedule. before I could sit my master's orals and I thought I thousands of ships stranded around the world, and 6 m high and will be completely solar- At 4000 TEU these were ground-breaking might as well have a bit of fun with it - so I joined unable to sail. Yes, we have seen plenty of ships powered: About 38.000 photo voltaic cells cover vessels and I spent six weeks standing by the final the Royal Fleet Auxiliary, the civilian fleet that laid-up over the last two years but that is due to the her upper deck, the lateral,and stern parts, 540 stages of the Providence Bay build. Among other provides front line support for Nato warships. lack of business, not seafarers. sq.mts. in all. The energy produced is expected to things we went out on builder's sea trials - and we I learnt how to navigate while launching and The reality of the senior officer shortage is in deliver 326 hp for a maximum speed of 14 kts. At also got to watch our superintendent take part in recovering helicopters; what it's like to practise fact one of an extremely tight labour market, night the 4 electric motors will be supplied with lifeboat launching trials while underway. He helo transfers; fly a Sea King helicopter; play with which the global economic downturn has only energy from 6 blocks of lithium batteries, came back onboard looking slightly green around guns and to do live firings; be the target in target marginally improved over the last two years. weighing 11.7 tons and storing 1.3 mw, whereby the edges but it clearly didn't hold him back too practice -and also that you're never far from bad As huge floods of newbuildings start to exit the Catamaran could proceed at 7kts for 3 days. In much as he later became the CEO of the MCA in weather. the world's shipyards, ordered by owners in good 2011 the ship, flying the Swiss flag, is to put out to the UK. I thoroughly enjoyed learning a whole new times, this tight labour market can only get worse. sea for her 1st solar-powered circumnavigation of Saddest trip style of navigation with the RFA, and I even went Crewing managers in the manning capital of the 160 days. It is intended to highlight potentialities I was promoted to second mate and then sent on a Royal Navy course to get my frigate world, Manila, now say poaching has spread to of an advanced and sustainable type of energy, off on one of the saddest trips of my career. The navigating officer's certificate. the capesize bulker sector. This is driven by the utilising European solar batteries, electrical and Coming ashore Flinders Bay was one of P&O's first container - fact that shipowners managed to order the propulsion technologies, and expertise. ships and one of their last steam ships. In 1996, In the middle of all of this of course the equivalent of the entire existing world fleet of after a 30-year career, it was time for her to retire. inevitable happened and two years later we got such vessels, with a delivery timeline of little Somewhere in the North Sea In order to protect their liner trade P&O scrapped married. I came ashore as a senior marine more than three years. The results of this A Belgian minesweeper passed a US Aircraft their vessels rather than sell them to competitors. surveyor with AMSA in their head office. It was at marvelous piece of collective forward planning Carrier. The American signaled: “Captain to 'Finally we had finished stripping her back to this point that I really started to understand the by the industry have been predictable with Captain - what flag are you flying?” The answer basics and we sailed at economical speed to Alang principles of through-life learning and continuous everyone scrambling for crew and driving up came promptly: “The Royal Belgian flag. – And in India where we went to anchor and - when the professional development. Also, how hard it can wages. Now while there may not be an actual you?” tides were right and the banks were all open - the be to study while working full time. I persevered numerical shortage of senior officers to the extent Capt H Beil money flew round the world, London, New York, and within a couple of years had added a diploma of leaving ships crewless it is a scenario not that India and the word came back that we were good in marine surveying and a postgraduate diploma far away. To counter this possibility rapid Bangladesh Scrapping Industry Loses to go. By now it was time to address the future. in maritime law to my collection of maritime promotions have been put in place; these Legal Battle related qualifications. Hopefully I'd get married and if I were lucky, one unfortunately raise questions about the skills and Bangladesh's Supreme Court has reimposed After a couple of years as a marine surveyor I

6 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 43 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

K Gallimaufry Shipping

first courses offered will be : vetting for seafarers in Gujarat, Salaya and Mandvi, have struck off moved within AMSA to a policy position as seafaring without having first experienced it. and office staff, oil products and easy chemical Somalia from their list of destinations for now. If principal adviser - cargoes. This gave me the Perhaps what is needed is a paradigm shift in refresher course for office staff, and commercial Salaya has completely struck out Somalia from its opportunity to represent Australia at IMO and I the way that we, as ex-seafarers, look at the job tanker operations. "The training is very much for trade route, the port town of Mandvi in Kutch attended the DSC (dangerous goods, solid cargo and in our reasons for not recommending it. As I office staff. There are thousands and thousands of district has got selective - crew say they would set and containers) Sub-committee as the head of the wrote at the beginning, for the last 20 years people young office staff in Singapore," said Henrik sail, only if they get an armed security cover Australian delegation. have been telling me that being at sea is no longer Bisbo, General Manager of Marnav in Singapore. onboard. In addition to going to IMO I was also asked to what it used to be and they are right, it isn't. The centre will also be offering distance learning For the past few years, Somali pirates have join other technical experts to deliver training on 20 years ago I spent up to seven months on a courses. "The days of instructors and seafarers wreaked havoc in the Gulf of Aden by attacking the implementation of the IMDG code to the ship and the leave rates weren't as good as they are travelling all over the globe for training will be several cargo vessels. Last April, many vessels governments of Mauritius and China. These trips today. We didn't have email or internet facilities limited," Bisbo said. were held hostage by them. While the goods were hugely enjoyable from both a personal and and it was often a long time between mail drops. Marnav is also able to tailor make courses for onboard were looted, vessels were freed one by professional perspective. After a couple of years 20 years ago I didn't start an apprenticeship specific companies. For example in Denmark it one only when they ran out of food and fuel. One of doing this a vacancy came up at IMO for the that included a free degree. I had to take several has run a basic salvage training course for Switzer vessel was rescued by Yemenese Navy. A seaman secretary of the DSC Subcommittee; I applied years out from my career to fill that gap, and I Salvage, and for another shipping company it ran from Mandvi lost his life in the process. Most of successfully for the job and accepted a two year didn't have an employer to pay for it. a four day training course for its management the over 100 seamen who were held hostage contract.I arranged two years' unpaid leave with 20 years ago the entry levels for shore trainees. hailed form Mandvi and Salaya in Gujarat. W i t h AMSA just in case I didn't like it, packed up the positions often required a top level master/chief Courtesy, Asia Week around 600 country craft, in Salaya and Mandvi, house, and put the two dogs and myself on a plane engineer certificate and years of experience to go Gujarat is a hub in India for this wooden container to London. A couple of months later my husband with it.Today seafarers are able to come ashore Fear of Pirates Strikes Somalia Off the industry. However, with little business available also got a job ashore in the UK, in Portsmouth. We much sooner and they come with the added Route of Gujarat Vessels on Indian shores now, these vessels operate from moved once again and wound up living half way benefits of having a good deal of experience in the By Hiral Dave Dubai to parts of Africa and Gulf Countries. "Not between London and Portsmouth. operation of quality management systems. There With pirates hijacking their vessels - as many a single country craft or seaman will go to I thoroughly enjoyed my time at the IMO and I are certainly some challenges ahead for the as seven vessels from Gujarat with 100 crew Somalia this season," said Salaya Vahanvatta. enjoyed the job that I was doing. However, before maritime industry and the Merchant Navy in members were in Somali pirates' captivity for a Association secretary Adam Bhaya. "In some too long, baby George came along. Luckily for us, particular, in a terms of identifying what will month before the end of last season - country craft cases, even if craft owners agree, crew members in the time that I had been away from AMSA the make going to sea attractive to the tail end of owners and seamen are now wary of trading are signing contracts only if it's not for Somalia," Adelaide office had reduced from three surveyors generation and the next generation. The Danish through pirate-infested routes in the Gulf of Aden. Bhaya added. "Despite presence of armed forces to two engineer surveyors. I proposed that I Shipowners' Association is now launching a new About 40 country craft from Salaya in in Gulf of Aden, it's too much of a risky affair," moved to the Adelaide office and worked on a part recruitment campaign which seeks to persuade Jamnagar district make several trips between said Kalim Hussain, a seaman who has refused to time basis - it was a solution that satisfied mothers o encourage their children to go to sea. As Dubai and Somalia every season ferrying general take up Somalia assignments this time. Some everyone. a mother how do I feel about that? Where to next? cargo but this time, two main country crafts hubs sailors and crafts from Mandvi agreeing to go to Well I have enjoyed my time at sea on small Somalia have put a rider. "Seamen now demand Traditionally seafarers have come ashore to boats and big ships and I believe that there are still armed security cover onboard," said Kasam take up positions as pilots, P&I club surveyors, good opportunities at sea and that it is a good Bholim, president of Mandvi Vahan-vatta lawyers, independent surveyors, government career path into the maritime industry. Association. "Interestingly, security cover has regulators, class society surveyors, stevedores, Perhaps George is a bit young at the moment also been provided by Somalia-based trading planners, harbour masters, naval architects, to be thinking about joining the merchant navy but companies," added Bholim. "When pirates see superintendents and lecturers at the maritime in the meantime ... we will continue to take him their own countrymen guarding the vessels, they colleges.How are we going to find suitable people down to his cousin’s boat and perhaps one day, might spare it. That way we feel safe," said Hanif to fill these positions if we don't have people when the maintenance has been finished, we will Ismail, a sailor. going to sea in the first place? Yes, we can look at actually go sailing. Salaya, meanwhile, is focussing on Gulf ports recruiting from outside the merchant navy but Courtesy, Seaways, The Journal of the Nautical like Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Muscat and Tehran. It is generally it is acknowledged that it is difficult to Institute www.nautinst.org general cargo like construction material, clothes fully understand the needs and constraints of Mandvi Port

42 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 7 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

K K

Shipping Gallimaufry

HMS Codrington Gujarat Lighthouse Dates Back to by Cmde R Vir ( Retd) Harappan Age By Ashish Vashi Some of our readers of Seagull may remember Gujarat maritime history dates back to the 7 km from Kodinar town. Mul Dwarka now reading a fascinating article in the 13th Harappan civilization. A recent paper of the serves as a fishing harbour and most of the anniversary issue of Seagull in May 2008 about National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR) has residents of this village are fishermen. "In case of the Codrington Family, well known in England traced the earliest lighthouse on the Indian coast at the lighthouse at Kodinar, wood fires or mashaal for producing a long line of Barons, Governors, Mul Dwarka (Kodi-nar). An ancient structure, (torch of a rag soaked in oil to be set ablaze) might Admirals and Generals. The lineage of the circular in shape and tapering upward was have been used. The distance to which a navigator Codringtons can be traced back to the court of observed during a recent archaeological can observe the light depends on the total height King Henry the 5th at the Battle of Agincourt in exploration at Mul Dwarka. from the sea level and power of the light. The 1415, where their ancestor John, born in 1364, The shape and placement at the highest point elevation of Kodinar structure is 9-10 m from high was a standard bearer. As a reward for his loyal on the coast suggest the possible use of this water line, and with the help of above reference it service to the King, he was granted a coat of arms. structure as a lighthouse which might be the oldest may be safe to argue that light from this structure All their generations have recognized their duty to HMS Codrington one recorded on the Saurashtra coast so far. "This could be noticed 4 to 5 km from the sea. This may King or Queen and Country. That article in lighthouse, locally known as 'Diva Dandi,' in be the appropriate distance from the coast in Seagull was written at my behest by James HMS Codrington was built as a flotilla Gujarati, is 4m high and 2m in diameter and which ancient ships or boats used to sail in this Codrington, the present scion of the family, who leader for 'A' class destroyers, by the Swan constructed with well-dressed limestone blocks. region," the paper stated. visited Pune with his wife Poppet in 2008. Her Hunter shipyard, Wallsend on Tyne. She was The construction pattern suggests a possible date father was in the ICS and was head of the launched in 1929 and completed in 1930. between the 12th and the 15th century AD. The Danish Training school sets up in Ammunition Factory in Kirkee from 1942 to earliest lighthouse on the Indian coast may be the Singapore 1945. On her revisit to Pune over 60 years later The ship's motto was appropriate, “Vultus in structure at Mul Dwarka," says the paper. Danish Maritime Training centre Marnav has she actually found the house at 6 Caldecott Road Hosten:” “Facing the Enemy.” She was the first The paper titled 'A Possible Medieval Period set up shop in Singapore, running courses targeted where she had stayed with her parents as a little RN ship to be given this name, to commemorate Lighthouse at both at seafarers and shoreside staff. school girl! the centenary of the Battle of Navarino in 1827, Mul Dwarka, Marnav in Singapore is the first overseas On our visit to England last summer, James and was named after Admiral Sir Edward Saurashtra coast, offshoot of state-owned Danish maritime training and Poppet Codrington invited my wife and me to Codrington, GCB, who commanded the India’ is jointly school Martsal Navigationsskole. The training their elegant home in the country near Hereford combined English, French and Russian fleet at the written by A S centre has been set up in Singapore with the aim to for lunch and to see the treasures and historical Battle of Navarino on 20th October 1827. The Gaur, Sundaresh, be close to the large shipping community in the records of the Codrington family they had spoken ship was launched by Lady Codrington, wife of B R Rao, Sila republic. of in Pune and which are safely kept In their home. General Sir Alfred Codrnington, the grandson of Tripati, and V D Ole Lisborg, Danish ambassador to It was a fascinating experience going round to see Sir Edward. Mention must be made that earlier in Khedekar. This is Singapore, said Marnav was the first of its kind the exquisitely carved silver trophies from ships his naval career, Sir Edward was the Captain of the earliest outside Denmark for a state owned educational and regiments, commemorative jewelry studded HMS Orion (74 guns) at the Battle of Trafalgar evidence noticed institution. He added that it was something that with gems, and several other memorabilia, dating under Lord Nelson in 1805 and he shared in the along the Gujarat could not have happened 10 years ago. "I hope the back over 250 years. Also displayed were trophies glory of that famous battle. coast and is well centre will become a natural part of the education from the gallant ship HMS Codrington. She At the outbreak of the Second World War, preserved. Mul of the shipping business here," he said. played a stellar role during the Second World War. HMS Codrington was leader of the 19th Destroyer Dwarka, one of The last decade has seen a growing number of This article is a brief story of that ship. It throws Flotilla at Dover. In that role, she embarked HM the claimants for Danish shipowners setting up in Singapore interesting light on some episodes in the first King George VI at Dover in December 1939 for the original including J Lauritzen and Torm. crucial year of the war. passage to Boulogne for a visit to the British Dwarka of Marnav in Singapore is starting out offering a To help ships navigate off HMS Codrington was built as a flotilla leader Expeditionary Force in France, and the return Mahabharata series of general courses for shipping, with a the Saurashtra coast, wood for 'A' class destroyers, by the Swan Hunter passage to Dover after the visit. In January 1940, period on the particular focus on the tanker business where its fires or mashaal might have shipyard, Wallsend on Tyne. She was launched in the Codrington embarked Winston Churchill, first Saurashtra coast, Danish parent has extensive expertise. Among the 1929 and completed in 1930. Lord of the Admiralty, for visit to France, and a been used is situated about

8 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 41 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

K CMYK

Shipping

Poppet and James Codrington - Hereford 2010 Commemorative Jewelry

month later in February 1940 she embarked Prime she embarked the Royal family, HRH Princess Minster Neville Chamberlain, Winston Churchill Juliana, HRH Prince Bernhardt, Beatrix and Irene and military leaders at Dover for passage to to take refuge in UK and sailed for Harwich. Boulogne for a war council meeting in Paris On 28th May 1940 the Codrington was .During the first six months of the war, while ordered to Dunkirk to embark troops. Between engaged on patrol duties, she carried out several this date and 3rd June she ferried approx 6155 anti-submarine attacks with depth charges but no troops, including Genaral BL Montgomery from definite results were obtained. Between April and the Dunkirk area to Dover. During this period May 1940, the Codrington was engaged in naval incessant aerial attacks were carried out by enemy operations in the Narvik area, in Norway. She aircraft. On 11th June 1940, Codrington was embarked Admiral of the Fleet, Earl of Cork and engaged in an attempt to evacuate the 51st Orrey and French General Bethouart for Highland Division from St Velery and Veules. reconnaissance of Narvik area prior to planned Heavy Shell and air bombardment, however, landing by allied troops. While landing troops at made the operation impracticable, and it was Harstad by Codrington many bombing attacks impossible to land at either place. were made by German planes, but she escaped While being deployed for convoy defence damage and casualties. and based at Dover, on 27th July 1940, Later, the Codrington was deployed for Codrington was lying alongside HM Depot Ship escort and anti-submarine work and made trips Sandhurst in a submarine basin for boiler cleaning between Vaaga and Ofot Fjords carrying orders when about 120 enemy aircraft attacked Dover and instructions. She attacked a train effectively at harbour. A bomb fell alongside Codrington and a range of 1800 yards. In May 1940, Codrington broke the ship's back and she sank. Only three moved to the Dutch Coast between Scheveningen men were wounded. Thus ended the saga of the and the Hook of Holland. The ship was attacked valiant ship with an illustrious name. Whether from the air but no damage was sustained. On 12th there will be another RN ship to bear this name May she entered Ymuiden harbour in Holland and remains to be seen. with HM ships Vivacious and Venetia as escorts, Cmde R Vir is the President of IMF

40 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 9 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

CMYK CMYK

Events

Fatal Passage from India that Ended in Fire on the Downs by Melissa van der Klugt

On the South Downs in East Sussex offensive. In just over a year, until much of the tomorrow, a new memorial that comme- Indian Army serving on the Western Front had morates the lives of 53 Indian soldiers who died been sent to Mesopotamia, 12,000 passed through during the First World War and were the seaside town. Reports in 1915 described clean cremated near the same spot more than 90 white pillowcases, soldiers relaxing in sunny years ago will be unveiled. Each name is carved gardens and an air of cheerfulness and hope in the stone of the simple monument that despite the terrible wounds. stands above Brighton. Fifty three Hindu and Sikh soldiers and 21 The building of the new Patcham Down Muslim soldiers died in the Brighton hospitals. Indian Forces Cremation Memorial — the project Muslims were taken to be buried near the Shah of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission - Jahan mosque in Woking, Surrey. The Hindu and completes a story that began in 1914 when Sikh soldiers, including Gurkhas, were taken up a thousands of wounded Indian soldiers came to steep track to a remote stretch of the Downs near Brighton to be treated in temporary hospitals set the village of Patcham to a burning ghat that had up there, one of which was housed in the Royal been built from corrugated iron 500m above sea Pavilion. level Here they were cremated after the Last Post The palace was placed at the disposal of the had sounded. military authorities by the Corporation of A Times correspondent wrote with wonder of Brighton, after an urgent request was issued for the chants of mourners ringing out over the hospital accommodation for the Indian soldiers, Downs and the crackling flames of the pyre who were involved in heavy fighting on the among the gorse and thyme. Friends later Western Front in late 1914 and 1915. It was hoped gathered ashes to be sent in a coffer to India and by some that the oriental style of the building, strewn on a river there. crowned with domes and minarets, might also pro- As a mark of gratitude to the 1.5 million vide a familiar setting for the soldiers. Indian soldiers who fought for Britain and more The hospitals, including a school, were adapted quickly. Inmates and their belongings were swept out of the Elm Grove Poor Law Union workhouse to make way for the operating theatres and laboratories of Kitchener Hospital. Arrangements were made for housing Indian medical staff and providing separate supplies of drinking water and kitchens for patients of different faiths. By December 1914, several hundred injured soldiers had been Indian wounded in 1915 convalescing in the oriental transported to Brighton by train, Royal Pavillion, which it was hoped would remind with more arriving after each big them pleasantly of home

10 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 39 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

CMYK CMYK

Shipping Events

documentation is prepared. The empty than 70,000 who pilgrimages and an annual memorial service is container is inspected by the surveyor died, a striking still held there. However, with records dispersed domed memorial, after the war, Otter's desire for a list of names was known as the never fulfilled. Over the ensuing years the Brighton Chattri, monument fell into disrepair, the site overrun by was erected in the brambles and rabbit warrens, occasionally halted place of the pyre. by a public campaign. In return the Ma- harajah of Patiala One of the men listed on the memorial is unveiled the south- Subedar Manta Singh, who came from the ern gateway to the Punjab. He was badly injured at Neuve- Royal Pavilion in Chapelle in France while saving a wounded 1921 to British officer and was sent to Brighton, where commemorate the he died after having both legs amputated. His nursing that Indian grandson is to attend the unveiling. soldiers had The Stone Processing Factory received there. The Commonwealth War Graves Largely the work Commission felt strongly, when looking at Otter's absence of suitable prey, would it is believed, of Sir John Otter, original wishes, that the names should be marked discourage any snake from entering the factory The Brighton the Mayor of in Britain, on Patcham Down. Bringing individual premises. However in the unlikely event that it did Chatri Memorial Brighton, the names into focus is an important part of the manage to get inside the factory, while say Chattri was completed in 1921. Land surrounding Commission's work to raise awareness about the stalking a prey at night, it could then easily hide the monument was bought to preserve its remote sacrifices of Common-wealth soldiers. However, inside a wooden crate. position, looked after by the town. For a short time little detail is known about the 53 soldiers, who A rubber-tyre mobile crane was available in a caretaker was installed in a nearby cottage to act were largely from rural parts of northern India. the factory probably for loading trucks. The crates as a guide to visitors and pilgrims. There were One of the men listed on the memorial is Subedar are manually slung and then loaded, stowed on the plans for trees that would act as symbols of life Manta Singh, who came from the Punjab. He was truck-lorry. Another reason why the entry of a and death, sweet-smelling flowers and aromatic badly injured at Neuve-Chapelle in France while snake in the factory is considered unlikely is that herbs. Otter also outlined plans that the names of saving a wounded British officer and was sent to the crate is slung manually at the factory when it is the 53 men who had been cremated at the site Brighton, where he died after having both legs loaded on the truck and then again it is un-slung. If should be engraved on the monument. amputated. His grandson is to attend the a snake did enter a crate in the factory, such unveiling. Although the new memorial marks the manual handling is most likely to have at least The Chattri - meaning "umbrella" in Hindi, completion of one circle, it is also the beginning of disturbed the snake if not alarm it, such that the Punjabi and Urdu-became the focus for another. person in the factory is more likely to be the first pilgrimages and an annual memorial service is An education programme launched by the victim. The wooden crates are transported in still held there. However, with records Commonwealth War Graves Commission and the truck-lorries directly to the “Container Freight dispersed after the war, Otter's desire for a list Indian High Commission in London will Stations” (CFS) at relevant port, which takes of names was never fulfilled. Over the ensuing remember the 160,000 members of the Indian about 1.5 days. The drivers normally stop en- years the monument fell into disrepair, the site Forces who died during the two World Wars and route for rest and recuperation. Thus, there is a overrun by brambles and rabbit warrens, whose lives are marked with memorials spread possibility of a snake entering the crate en-route, Editor’sNote occasionally halted by a public campaign. across 50 countries. say when the truck is parked. Kapil Dev Bahl is to be thanked for sharing The crates are unloaded inside the CFS by with the SeaGull one of the most extraordinary The Chattri - meaning "umbrella" in Hindi, Courtesy, The Times crane. The customary transit waiting time is about and bizarre experiences as a Marine Surveyor. Punjabi and Urdu-became the focus for a fortnight or so, during which the shipment

38 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 11 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

CMYK CMYK

Shipping Shipping

HOVERCRAFT by Cmde P K Malhotra Short-listing Of Originating Factories The topography of the area is hilly and rocky. Hovercraft also known as Air Cushion Vessel is Several of the relevant stone processing The lake is surrounded by uninhabited arid scrub a Craft capable of traveling over surfaces factories were “Export Oriented Units”; situated supported by a cushion of slow moving high in “State Industrial Development Corp” units, in pressure air which is pushed against the semi-urban environs. These were therefore surface and contained within a skirt. Simply a considered as unlikely to be the source of the Hovercraft is a craft supported on a cushion of snake. air supplied by a powered fan. Based on location and topography of their surrounding areas; three factories were shortlisted These vehicles are unique among all other for detailed study. Two were located in Rajasthan forms of ground vehicles in their ability to travel and one in Madhya Pradesh. These 3 factories over all type of terrain. They can cross water, mud, were situated in semi arid hilly terrain, sand, rapids, ice and vegetation – terrains that interspersed with rocky outcrops and sparse would damage the propeller of a conventional vegetation. boat. This allows full access to areas that were Based on study of satellite imageries, large previously inaccessible. The craft is presently very successful. scale topographical maps, and site visits, it was Hovercraft enjoyed interest in the early 1960s noted that two of these factories were surrounded Open - Cast Stone Quarry as everyone jumped to take advantages of this or exploration sites quickly and efficiently. with stone masonry boundary walls. The one amazing vehicle. However, by the end of the Since 1970s, however, and especially over the situated in north Rajasthan was shortlisted for land. Jackals and mongoose were sighted on the decade only the British had produced a range of last decade, a renewed interest in the hovercraft as further detailed study road leading to the factory. Enquires with several feasible and practical crafts. passenger transport, military transport and local workers and a nature conservationist The craft is considered more economical as weapons carrier and exploratory vehicle has taken indicated the presence of this can be used in areas of shallow water or up ground, solving many of these problems in their relevant species in and around river estuaries, as opposed to conventional boats development. the area that are restricted to deep waters. This ensures that Presently a number of companies are you can take the most direct route between two manufacturing these craft ranging from 3m to The blocks or slabs are then points, saving time and fuel costs. Hovercraft can 38m and 6 to 15 mm wide with pay load from 0.5 packed in wooden crates. The land on unprepared beaches or river banks, so to 25 tons. However, as far as I know only Britain gaps between the wooden there is no requirement of expensive infrastruc- manufactures, maintains and operates under one planks appeared to be ture. umbrella company. Commercial Solution: APPLICATIONS: sufficient for several species of Indian venomous snakes to A Hovercraft service for both tourists and Hydrographic Survey: make their way inside a crate. commuters can be an excellent commercial Hovercraft has carried out many hydro- The consignment is then venture. Hovercrafts operate the fastest passenger graphic surveys, using several different stored in the open plot within service in Britain across the Solent between techniques, along rivers, dams, and coasts around the factory premises, awaiting Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight, carrying out the world. These craft can save significant survey transportation to port. 800,000 crossings per year. time by being unconstrained by tidal Semi Arid area adjoining the Factory Logistic Solution: considerations – the surveyors often transferring Site Survey Road Transportation And Port Operations These craft are ideal vehicles for civil to land survey techniques as and when required. The area around this factory is sparsely Although the presence of a snake inside the engineering support or seismic surveys. They are Seismic survey populated, in the context of Indian population factory is possible, it is unlikely. This is because, unconstrained by tidal considerations, saving Seismic survey mostly for all and gas companies, density. It is also semi - arid. A wild-life sanctuary the type of work being carried out inside, the noise valuable time, and can transport people and have also been carried out by Hovercraft is located at a distance of about 100 km from this of the machinery, the human activity, the equipment to survey, construction, and dredging worldwide - again mostly in tidal or shallow water factory. The sanctuary contains abundant number movement of truck-lorries and most important the areas. of venomous and non - venomous snakes.

12 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 37 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

CMYK K

Shipping Shipping

A Refugee in a Container by Kapil Dev Bahl Search and Rescue same speed and payload. Many Hovercrafts are used where it is Low Operating costs: difficult, if not impossible, to rescue people by Similar operating costs to conventional boats The Incident ?Study the container stuffing, sealing and conversion boat or vehicle. The British Royal of the same speed and payload. A shipment of sandstones blocks and marble export documentation procedures in the case of National Lifeboat Institute currently operates 6 Diesel Engines slabs was being exported by container, from this particular container. Hovercrafts in areas unreachable by any of these Give reliability, long life and economy India to Europe. At the discharge port, when a 350 lifeboats. Negligible noise levels stevedore labour opened the door to the 40-foot Specie Identification Passenger Ferry About the same as trucks or high speed boats container and entered inside to discharge the From the photographs, the snake was identified as Tourist travel on Hovercrafts have been very Highly Maneuverable boxes stowed therein, he was suddenly bitten Daboia which is the monotypic genus for the successful. Authorities and environmentalists like As maneuverable as boats by a snake. The snake was subsequently killed venomous viper species “D. Russelii”, commonly them because they produce virtually no Reliable by his colleagues. The stevedore labour referred to as Russel’s viper.” wash/wake at high speed. Proven over tens of thousands of operating succumbed to the poison in hospital the The “Bombay Natural History Society” library Civil Engineer Support hours worldwide following day. The stevedore consequently reference books and field guides, describe the Hovercrafts are often used on reconnaissance Easy to operate filed a huge claim for compensation on the mission to survey potential engineering projects. Takes the same time to learn to operate as Shipping Company. They are then used to transport people and learning to drive car or trucks Close inspection of the container revealed that equipment during the subsequent construction. Easy to maintain the lock and seal were intact. There was no sign of Dredging for pipeline laying passage - often oper- Ordinary diesel or boat mechanics can service any damage to the container or breach of its water- ating from an unprepared beach or a dried - out and maintain the craft tight integrity. Thus the snake could not have Harbour. Minimal training entered the container subsequent to it being closed Airport Crash Rescue From one day for the smallest craft to eight and locked. When Airports are surrounded by difficult weeks for the largest The stone blocks and slabs of various sizes terrain, Hovercrafts often are the only craft Very little spray were packed in wooden crates. The planks were capable of providing rescue services to these Low cushion pressures keep spray to nailed, keeping 200 mm gaps between adjoining areas, equipped with full fire fighting and life- minimum strakes. saving equipment. These unique amphibious high No wash/wake The investigation was carried out. speed craft will deal with virtually any emergency There is virtually no wash/wake of high speed scenario. Can be classified Methodology Air Cushions Solutions Classified by Lloyds. US Coast Guard and ? The Snake identified as a Russel’s Viper From the ship's deck logbook, study the Hovercraft is designed and built with unique other classification societies route and note the list of ports which she called at, following behavioral characteristics of the snake equipment, based on the air cushion principle in Experienced team en-route from India. - Mostly found in open, grassy or bushy areas, order to solve many customer particular proble- The management of Griffon Hoverwork ? Ascertain whether the snake was a native scrub jungles and farmland ms. Example including hovering crop - sprayers Limited has been involved in the design, of India and the likelihood or possibility of it - Abundant throughout the Indian subcontinent and hover platforms (bridges) capable of carrying development, manufacture and operation of originating in India, keeping in mind the ports - Due largely to its irritable nature, it is up to 125 tons. amphibious craft for over 30 years. which the vessel called at en-route responsible for more human fatalities than any Technology in general has seen large steps ? ADVANTAGES: From the Bill of Lading, determine the other venomous snake. It is a member of the big forward during the past twenty five year, enabling name of the various shippers and ascertain the Fully amphibious: four venomous snakes in India Operate over water, land, sand banks, mud organizations and governments, as well as many factory location of each - It feeds primarily on rodents, especially murid enthusiasts to enjoy the hovercraft vehicle in its ? flats, weed, ice, rocks and rapids. Carry out site inspection of each relevant species. However, they will eat just about many forms including the very popular Remote factory, in order to determine the methodology High Speed: anything, including rats, mice, shrews, squirrels, Cruise at full payload of speed of 30-45 knots Control model size Hovercraft. As far as and status of stone quarrying procedures, mode of land crabs, scorpions and other arthropods. Adults Hovercraft and their spin off technology is transportation to factory, storage, cutting (35-52 mps , 56-83 km/hr). do not need to feed for extended period of time, up Low Initial costs concerned the future looks ever brighter. polishing procedures, boundary protection, and to 4 months on occasions Cmde P K Malhotra is an IMF member mode of transportation from factory to port Similar prices to conventional boats of the

36 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 13 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

K K

Defence Shipping

Why they Chose to go Down with the Ship Fears Over Nickel - Ore Transport by Ameeta Mulla Wattal

Long-standing safety problems in shippers to present the lowest moisture readings The sinking of INS Khukri is military lore display of fireworks. War and death were just fast- transporting nickel ore are feared to be behind to boost the value of the cargo. now, but my father's courage resonates in my moving images of action movies seen in the the loss of the bulker Jian Fu Star and 13 But there have also been some concerns over life security of the United Services Club from where Chinese seafarers. how rigorously these tests are being conducted The dark night of December 9,1971, is we could make an exit. This innocence was torn As reported earlier, the 45,100-dwt Jian Fu Star with talk of some new mines in Indonesia issuing imprinted on my mind like a scar. Thirty-nine apart on that December night. The torpedo that (built 1982) sank off Taiwan while carrying a certificates even though they do not have the right years ago during India's war with Pakistan, two struck INS Khukri was not the screenplay of a nickel-ore cargo from Indonesia to China. testing equipment and threatening to cancel vintage anti-submarine frigates that my father, the film. This real-life battle had no exits. The news of No official investigation has been concluded contracts if independent testing is requested. late Captain Mahender Nath Mulla, commanded, the sinking of the Khukri was brought home to my but the incident has initially been put down to One said: “This suggests that shippers are were ordered to hunt and destroy a Pakistani mother along with weak assurances that the flooding of the ballast tanks. winning their battle to have us excluded from submarine lurking off the coast of Diu. The Captain of the ship had been rescued. I recall that However, sources familiar with the trade say properly testing this cargo. I am sure that this is in operation was doomed from the beginning. Like my mother felt a hopeless despair because she the cargo and voyage are notoriously hazardous part due to shippers fixing mainly Chinese ships in Tennyson's poem "The Charge of the Light knew that her husband would not put his own and there have been concerns over the way the that will not question too closely what is being Brigade", the brave men went into the night as safety before the safety of his men. cargo is stored and loaded in Indonesia. loaded.” commanded. One of the two frigates was Nickel ore tends to liquefy if it is loaded with a There are also some question marks over the torpedoed by the modern Pakistani submarine, the The period immediately after the war was high moisture content, easily causing critical quality of the vessels now being used in the trade. PNS Hangor. The INS Khukri sank, taking 178 marked by euphoria and Indians drank, in the stability problems for ships. The 28-year-old, Panama-registered Jian Fu Star Indian naval ratings and 18 officers including my words of Ramachandra Guha, "the elixir of The cargo was linked with a series of losses appears to have been without a classification father to their watery graves. victory". The loss of a ship was collateral and casualties in the 1990s and early 2000s but society. The American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) damage in the theatre of war: an awkward accidents have fallen after protection-and- confirms it has classed the ship since it was built It was reported that the captain of the ship event, perhaps best forgotten, especially be- indemnity (P&I) clubs warned owners of the and that it was fully classed until its sale in May showed extraordinary courage during those cause the larger war had been won. With the potential dangers. last year. Its owner has continued to be listed as last minutes of his life, helping save as many of passage of time my mother became involved But now it seems the cargo is increasingly Hong Kong's China Master Shipping but there is his men as he could and not abandoning his with the widows of the sailors. being carried in the less closely regulated market no record of any class transfer, suggesting the vessel. He went down with his ship, along with for older ships where safety standards are lower vessel is out of class. the other brave soldiers. A Mahavir Chakra The period immediately after the war was and owners are not asked for adequate proof that Its port-state-control (PSC) record is was awarded to him posthumously. marked by euphoria and Indians drank, in the the cargo is safe to handle. relatively good with only one detention in the past words of Ramachandra Guha, "the elixir of The main problem is that the actual stone 10 years. The last inspection, which took place at It was reported that the captain of the ship victory". The loss of a ship was collateral damage nickel content of the cargo is generally very low, the Indonesian port of Ternate just three months showed extraordinary courage during those last in the theatre of war: an awkward event, perhaps with most of the weight made up of fines with the before the vessel sank, shows no detention and no minutes of his life, helping save as many of his best forgotten, especially because the larger war consistency of clay. This can easily become wet as deficiencies. The Tokyo Memorandum of men as he could and not abandoning his vessel. had been won. With the passage of time my the nickel ore is taken out of open mines where it Understanding (MOU), under which most of the He went down with his ship, along with the mother became involved with the widows of the can be exposed to rain and stored in uncovered ship's recent inspections have take place, other brave soldiers. A Mahavir Chakra was sailors. skips while awaiting shipment. Shippers and categorised it as “Priority 2”, which is not the awarded to him posthumously. The Khukri story repeats itself in different vessel masters should conduct moisture tests of highest of its risk assessments. I have often wondered what made my father ways. It is the grand narrative of national success the cargoes but one problem is that two samples The incident will now be added to the growing decide to go down with his ship. Was it a quest for and the achievements of a few that frequently can give very different results. Samples with a list of losses among old Chinese-controlled immortality beyond death? Or was it an old naval submerge the narratives of small folk who live high proportion of stone content may give low vessels that carry high density raw materials to tradition? Or did he make the choice because he their lives battling unknown enemies and are moisture readings while those with a high content China from Southeast Asia. felt it was the right thing to do? often deprived of little compensations. Why is it of mud and sludge from the same cargo could My sister and I had come home on vacation that the voices of widows and mothers of the display high levels of moisture. Moisture levels of Courtesy, Trade Winds before the war. The anti-aircraft guns that lit up "shahids" of Kargjl or Kashmir remain 40% are not uncommon. There is also pressure on the night of December 5 in Bombay were, for us, a submerged like that ill-fated frigate? Has our

14 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 35 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

K K

Defence Defence

moral space become so limited that those who sailors as he could, to the safety of lifeboats. When of problems, since for many residents their have been elected or selected to serve this nation he had done his duty he took his decision to go livestock was the sole source of wealth and all that have no need for ethical barometers? What a cruel down with his ship. I suppose he saw himself as joke it is when these protectors create an "Adarsh" the ship's master, nurtured by his ideals. He made (ideal) housing society on the foundations of a the choice not because it was the right thing to do, Khukri Park. nor because it was expected of him, but because My battle for life commenced after the 1971. knowing him as I did, it was the only thing he The sinking of the Khukri was my leitmotif and I would do. He was the first Captain of independent never transcended the ideals that my father lived India's navy to go down with his ship and and died for. I remember him telling me: "Never hopefully the last. One such man is enough to Aid offloaded and distributed call your best action a sacrifice. If one fights for a bring honour to an entire nation for a lifetime. cause, it is because one cannot live with the way Ameeta Mulla Wattal is the Principal of 2000TD hovercraft, and military assault boats things are". His sacrifice influenced me to be a Sprindale School, New Delhi. became a lifeline. Though many people heeded teacher. It is a choice I have never regretted. Courtesy, Indian Express warnings and fled, a large proportion in the On that fateful night, he helped as many predominantly rural region stayed behind to protect their livestock. This was to cause a number Asia's Corals Hit by Mass Die-Out A Contrarian View Coral reefs in Southeast Asia and the Indian Reefs in the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Ocean are dying from the worst bleaching effect Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore were also by Neville Smith in more than a decade, Australian marine affected by the phenomenon under which sea Sending ships for recycling in China's transparency' on scientists said on Tuesday.The bleaching, temperatures rose by several degrees Celsius in burgeoning scrapping industry is no guarantee of offer. triggered by a large pool of warm water which Indonesia, researcher Andrew Baird said. "It is higher environmental standards, according to the And he said the swept into the Indian Ocean in May, has caused certainly the worst coral die-off we have seen leading cash buyer of ships for demolition. Anil perception was corals from Indonesia to the Seychelles to whiten since 1998. It may prove to be the worst such Sharma, president of GMS. serving as a deterrent and die, Australia's Centre of Excellence for Coral event known to science," he said. Baird, a fellow Dr Sharma said the perception that Chinese in trying to motivate Reef Studies said. at James Cook University, said the magnitude of breaking facilities - often newbuilding yards the yards in the event was so large, and the ocean temperatures which switched focus as orders dried up - had Bangladesh and GMS supports green in some places rose so much higher than normal, automatically higher standards than those in south Pakistan to improve recycling in the Indian that it was "almost certainly a consequence of subcontinent Asia was acting as a disincentive for poor their standards and global warming". He said for six to eight weeks performers elsewhere to improve standards. compete for business. "They say why should we from mid-May the temperatures were high 'We sell to China so it's not like I lose a do that when the owners coming to us are the ones enough to cause bleaching of the corals in customer if the owner goes there. But 1 think to fighting for 50 cents (a tonne). Who's going to pay Indonesia's Aceh, the area worst hit by the event. paint with a broad brush that China is better than for it? I'm constantly trying to push for "You jump into the water and you are just India, is a misperception. The media glare is so improvements and it makes me very frustrated.' surrounded by white and dead corals," he said. "It strong that it almost seems like if you go to China Rather than shift capacity, Dr Sharma said the is an extraordinary sight. The locals tell us they you are safer. Even though the owner knows India industry should focus on the worst performers have seen nothing like this before." Baird said the can do a better job, they prefer the perception of which also have the most pressing economic need massive die-off was expected to compare in scale China. Publicity is a big issue and that's the part 1 for the business and incentivise them to improve and magnitude to the damage caused in 1998, don't like, when it's driven by fear rather than by their standards. 'If you want to make an impact, when warmer water bleached reefs globally and facts.' Dr Sharma said that several of his regular start with countries like Bangladesh where it is about 16 per cent were seriously degraded."This customers had made their own analysis of the truly needed and where you can actually make is the second big global bleaching event that we yards in China and reverted to south Asian yards improvements.’ Coral Reefs off the island of Pulau Weh, have documented," he said. because they felt there was greater 'control and Courtesy, Seatrade Indonesia, before the bleaching took place Courtesy, Indian Express

34 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 15 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

K K

Shipping Defence

On Watch at Sea: Petrel Power Pakistan Navy Faces A Stern Test by Captain Stephen Chapman FINII by Usman Ansari

Watchkeeping on board ships offers potential of Fiji's remote island of Gau. 'Finding this bird This year has seen a series of calamities that for birdwatchers seeking to spot rare species. and capturing such images was a fantastic and have tested the Pakistan Navy (PN), Marine This article looks at the work of the Royal exhilarating experience,' researcher Hadoram Safety Agency and Pakistan Marines (PM) Naval Bird Watching Society. Shirihai, said. The bird is listed as critically who have all had their disaster relief It is not every day that a rare species of petrel endangered by the International Union for capabilities tested to the full in recent months. is recorded at sea. Modern technology has a part to Conservation of Nature, which compiles the The January 4 landslide that blocked the play but finding birds at sea still has the one key world red list of endangered species. The first Fiji Hunza River in Attabad, in a remote part of Gilgit- requirement - a keen eye. Keeping a good lookout petrel specimen was collected in 1855 on Gau, Baltistan region, had by May caused a huge lake is an essential duty of any bridge watch keeper. and a second not until 1984. Since then, there have to form. This blocked the Karakorum Highway Scanning the sea and horizon for fishing boats, been a handful of reports of birds crashing into between China and Pakistan, inundating villages wreckage, flotsam and whales that never appear houses on Gau, but no one had ever positively and threatening to devastate settlements down the on the radar is still important and will continue to identified one at sea. valley should the waters burst through. A Pakistan Navy aircrew drops aid be. At the same time one may also pick up flocks The finding is significant because there is so With years of experience built up from supplies to a flood stricken village of birds, indicators of cetaceans and land. In the little information about the bird, says Nicholas disaster relief missions, the navy soon sent its final analysis visual navigation is the essential Carlile, sea bird project officer with the New Special Service Group (SSG) and other specialist helicopters. It provided but a taste of what was to South Wales state Department of Environment, teams to help out. This mission was followed by a come on a far larger scale. Widespread flooding Climate Change and Water in Australia. 'There massive relief operation along the ravaged coastal hit the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has been no positive sighting of the Fiji petrel at areas in the aftermath of Cyclone Phet in early (formerly the North West Frontier Province), sea - it's very rare, so it was absolutely fantastic to June. Punjab, and Sind in late July and early August. It see those images.' With some advance warning the navy and was all to prove the sternest test. In the absence of marines were able to plan ahead, and all assets and an effective and coherent government response, The researchers threw blocks of frozen fish resources were placed on alert. Ships, medical the military swung into action to deal with the pieces mixed with dense fish oil into the water, teams, and relief goods were stationed in advance aftermath of what was the worst flooding to hit the creating a smelly slick that attracted the birds. at various points along the coast, with dis- area in over 80 years, with naval and marine units The scientists spotted up to eight petrels over placement camps also established. Additional involved from the very beginning. Elements of their 11-day expedition. Search and Rescue (SAR) missions were flown to the SSG and PM, along with boats and associated The first Fiji Petrel to be ensure the safety of fishermen who had been SAR equipment, were despatched to Nowshera photographed at sea, off Gau Island, Fiji The researchers threw blocks of frozen fish pieces ordered to return to port. and Charsada in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in late check and balance in the art and science of mixed with dense fish oil into the water, creating a With damage to the coastal highway between July, with 500 people rescued in Nowshera alone. navigation. smelly slick that attracted the birds. The scientists Gwadar and Omani, the Type 21 frigates Khaibar Though the situation was terrible in Khyber spotted up to eight petrels over their 11-day and Shajahan, along with the Sword Class frigate Pakhtunkhwa, the navy was aware of the fact that In May last year a group of researchers expedition. Zulfiquar, were despatched with supplies for its main relief efforts would have to be concen- captured for the first time images of the What will you see? Gwadar. Navy Fokker F-27s evacuated medical trated in Sind. With flood waters racing south endangered and elusive Fiji petrel 25 miles For those seafarers interested in bird watching cases to Pasni and beyond. Residents of along the Indus River augmented by rain that fell south of Fiji's remote island of Gau. 'Finding - arguably the fastest growing leisure interest in vulnerable areas were evacuated before the along the way, the river was soon many times - up this bird and capturing such images was a the UK and beyond - the Royal Naval Bird cyclone struck. It was only because of the swift to 18 - of its normal width, having burst its banks. fantastic and exhilarating experience,' watching Society is a must. Established in 1946 to and professional response of the Pakistan Navy In preparation the PN moved assets, relief researcher Hadoram Shirihai, said. help and encourage members serving in the Royal and Pakistan Marines that a large loss of life was supplies, and personnel north to meet the flood Navy, Royal Marines and the Women's Royal averted, despite the destruction and disruption. waters, and established medical camps for the In May last year a group of researchers Naval Service, in the observation and study of Of particular note was evacuation of residents inevitable injured and those stricken with flood- captured for the first time images of the birds at sea, today the RNBWS membership is of small islands off Keti Bandar, and surrounding related disease. The PN's small fleet of six Mk45 endangered and elusive Fiji petrel 25 miles south open to all those interested in birdwatching at sea. isolated creeks, by hovercraft, assault boats and Sea King helicopters, plus the PM's Griffon

16 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 33 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

K K

Environment Shipping

Membership (including many associates from are challenges providing a fascinating hobby for before the country is very, very simple: are these birth and growth of the Chipko movement in the overseas) averages 250, many from the merchant the seafarer, and such observations can be of laws to be enforced or are they to just adorn the hills of Uttarkhand. Those women were asserting navies of several countries, the offshore oil unique importance to the serious ornithologist statute books, honoured more in their breach than industry, passengers on cruise ships and and conservationist.The primary aim of the in their observance? I have to say that for too long yachtsmen. Reports received cover most sea areas RNBWS is to provide a forum for the exchange of a time, we have taken these laws and the discipline of the world. information and observations of seabirds, and of they enforce for granted. Industry has assumed land birds at sea, by members for whom that somehow these laws can be "managed" and birdwatching is first and foremost a hobby, and to governments too have not insisted that the laws be provide advice and support to make the best use of implemented both in letter and spirit. We have such opportunities at sea. The secondary aim is to now reached a crucial juncture when fait accompli coordinate the efforts of individual members will not do any longer. using standardised recording methods, so that Our traditional approach has been to observations can be of value to the professional automatically assume that tough regulations ornithologist ashore. The RNBWS has built up a mean an army of regulators. There is a legitimate reporting system using standardised recording fear that this could end up being another source of formats - passage reports covering both seabirds what economists call "rent seeking" or what and land birds, seabirds' census sheets, and for ordinary human beings would call "harassment" birds examined in the hand. These forms can be or "corruption". That is why I have been saying downloaded from the Society's website: that we need to think of market-friendly (www.rnbws.org.uk). A number of local instruments for enforcing regulations. A Tern over water representatives around the world support the Sunita Narain puts it well when she says that Society and provide a focus for birdwatching India’s environmental movement is about activities when in harbour, or ashore. managing contradictions and complexities - and A life-long member of RNBWS, Captain David to this I would add, also, conflicts. This Simpson spent much time working with rig environmentalism of the poor, as she calls it, or support and towage around North Borneo, the Fly livelihood environmentalism, as I would term it - River PNG, Yahldena Tanimbar Islands as opposed to lifestyle environmentalism of the Indonesia, Persian Gulf and Bombay High. His privileged sections - manifested itself on the records, observations and articles from these less national scene first in the mid 1970’s, with the known parts are still highly valued. Captain Simpson died in 2002 and left a considerable ONGC Plans Rs 16,000 cr Hi-Tech Facelift for Mumbai High legacy for the Society's use. A scholarship has In a rare display of out-of-the-box thinking move to rejuvenate production, ONGC has been set up to assist seafarers to develop their from a public sector firm, flagship explorer deployed several smart technologies that keep An Allbatross in flight ornithological skills and research at sea. If you ONGC is pumping in nearly Rs 16,000 crore, or costs down by reducing the number of platforms As mariners are well aware, about seven- would like to benefit from Captain Simpson's nearly $4 billion, into deploying some innovative or mid-sea structures for producing the oil trapped tenths of the world's surface is covered with salt bequest visit the Society's website. technological measures to arrest the ageing of in nooks and crannies of the reservoir rock and left water. This provides an environment for nearly Have you seen a bird at sea? The RNBWS is Mumbai High oil and gas fields, its crown jewel. behind due to uneven movement of encroaching 300 species of seabirds, and across which many looking for all records of seabirds or land birds Pumping oil from the field, with complex and water in the reservoir rock. One of the key innova- more species of landbird travel during their observed while at sea. These will then be input irregular rock formations cradling barely 3-8 tions, a first for India, is introduction of a rig annual migrations. onto the world database of many thousands of metres thick oil bearing sub-layers, has remained mounted platform having 16 slots for drilling of Especially during adverse weather, these sightings dating from 1946. Send your sightings a challenging task since its discovery in 1974. upto 16 wells in the 80m water depth. The plat- frequently take refuge on board ships. The by email to [email protected] With production of some 400,000 bpd (barrels per form accommodates the drilling rig on board. problems of their identification and deduction of Courtesy, Seaways, The Journal of the Nautical day) at its prime, output has sagged over 32 years their seasonal distribution and migration routes, Institute www.nautinst.org to nearly half, as age caught up.Now, in a decisive Courtesy, Times News Network

32 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 17 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

K K

Shipping Environment

India's Fleet Expansion Plans could Benefit its Shipyards It Isn't a Zero Sum Game by Mr Jairam Ramesh, Environmental Minister

India's commercial fleet, which stood Over half a century ago, while giving the Reith inordinate financial at 8m gross tones on December 31, Lectures over the BBC, the eminent British or time costs on the 2009, is set to expand with planned physicist - author C.R Snow spoke of how the opponents. fleet acquisition worth $ 5bn on the breakdown of communication between the two This has indeed cards for Indian owners over the next cultures of modern society - the cultures of been our effort in the five years. Leading the charge is science and that of the humanities was last 15 months for the national carrier SCI that has 32 becoming a hindrance to understanding and vast majority of the vessels on order at a cost of $2bn - to go addressing pressing public issues. cases that have come up by 60 ships before March 2015, at This afternoon, I wish to speak of a later-day before us. For instan- an estimated cost of Rs200bn facet of these "Two Cultures" syndrome - the ce, we allowed a ($4.3bn). apparent gap between those espousing the case for power project in Mr Jairam Ramesh The shipping recession of the last faster economic growth and those calling for Ratnagiri in the face two years had induced many of India's greater attention to projection of the environment. of NGO objections but imposed strict conditions shipowners to defer their acquisition Let as all accept the reality that there is that would be monitored by local institutions. plans; but now that there is light at the undoubtedly a trade off between growth and "Yes, but" cases aside, there will most end of the tunnel, we should see has led equipment manufacturers such as Rolls environment. In arriving at decisions to untangle certainly be instances, few and far between, I substantial orders being placed soon,' says Vijay Royce, MAN Diesel, Wärtsilä and Daihatsu to the trade-off, three options present themselves - should add, in the overall scheme of things, when Kumar, Bharati Shipyard MD and secretary of the open facilities in India during the past 12 months. yes", "yes, but" and "no". The real problem is that a firm "no" will be required. In such cases that Shipyards Association of India (SAI). Competitor ABG Shipyard has decided to the growth constituency is used to "yes" and can have complex scientific, ecological and social “The demand for sea transportation to and diversify its activities as a cushion against live with "yes, but", It cries foul with "no". The dimensions, my approach has been to make from India is projected to continue to increase eventual weakening demand for shipbuilding. environment constituency exults with a "no", decisions in the most consultative and transparent significantly, driven by a consistent annual The yard, which recently acquired a majority grudgingly accepts the"yes, but" but cries foul manner possible. This is what we did in the case of growth rate of 8.5%”, he adds. This means India's equity stake in Goa based ship and rig repairer with a "yes". Therefore, one clear lesson is this- Bt-brinjal, and in the case of the Vedanta mining external trade will grow at 14% per annum, Western India Shipyard, has an orderbook worth maximise the "yes, but", where this is possible. project in Orissa, where I consulted extensively, adding more pressure for fleet capacity Rs120.50bn ($2.57bn). These orders mainly The vast majority of environmental and and shared a most detailed explanation for our expansion. comprise of offshore support vessels for delivery forestry clearances are in the "yes, but" category decision with the public. India has, of late, taken giant strides towards through until March 2014 - a deadline that the but they do not hit the headlines like the "yes" or Is the debate really environment versus establishing itself as the world's seventh biggest yard is cushioning itself against. the "no" decisions do. Of course, as we gain development or is it one of adhering to rules, shipbuilder, with annual value of $15bn and a 2% ABG will use its new 165 - acre shipyard in experience, we must refine the "but" in the "yes, regulations and laws versus taking the rules, share of global newbuilding output - a massive Dahej to build larger vessels - such as Supramax but" approach. The "but" often takes the form of regulations and laws for granted? I think the latter increase from its 0.1% share in 2005. and Handysize bulk carriers and is also in talks conditions that must be adhered to before, during is a more accurate representation and a better way “European owners comprise 70% of our order with Sierra Leone Exploration Mining Company the construction, and after the launch of the to formulate the choice. books with sophisticated offshore vessels, drilling to set up a joint venture and acquire bauxite mines project. When an alumina refinery starts construction rigs and suezmax projects”, said Kumar. “Once in the West African country. I believe that in laying down these conditions, to expand its capacity from 1 million tonnes per we develop our support infrastructure, India will we must strive for three things: year to 6 million tonnes per year without Another large shipbuilder at Pipavav port is ? be able to build VLCCs of 300,000 plus dwt and Pipavav Shipyard, at which owner Sea King The first conditions mast be objective and bothering to seek any environmental clearance as compete in more tenders”. Infrastructure is building mainly 74,500dwt bulk measurable, so that it is clear what is to be mandated by law, it is not a "environment versus Kumar added that the government has done and whether it has been complied with. development" question, but simply one of carriers for customers like Golden Ocean, Setaf of ? launched incentives to attract major international France and Avgi Maritime. The yard, which will Second, the conditions must be consistent and whether laws enacted by Parliament will be investors to invest in new joint venture shipyards be one of the largest in the world when complete, fair, so that similar projects are given similar respected or not. in the country, supplementing the existing 19 also has orders for 300,000dwt vessels for conditions to adhere to. India is fortunate to have strong, progressive private and seven government yards. The strategy ?Finally, the conditions must not impose legislation to safeguard its ecology. The question

18 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 31 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

K K

Events Shipping

Judson High School Ravet Bridge 150 175 1.5 Germany's Z. Schifenbau and Cyprus' B. F. vessels; and would be happy to service more Lexicon International Yerwada Bridge 100 115 0.5 Shipping. orders from the Indian Navy, Coast Guard and Ramchandra Rathi High School Sambhaji Bridge 100 100 1 A number of other yards are set for expansion other Defence establishments”. Erin Nagarwala (Boarders) Kalyani Nagar Bridge 40 170 50m such as the Adani Group's Rs 10bn shipyard in The yard, which had sales turnover of Mundra and engineering colossus Larsen & Rs6.50bn for fiscal 2009-10 has received funding Hope Foundation Kalyani Nagar Bridge 70 250 2 Toubro. Hazira yard which will cater to the from the Indian government for modernisation Symbiosis Institute of Management Yerwada Bridge 140 300 1 defence industry. Ailing public sector shipbuilder and is in the process of putting together a financial Indus International SM Joshi Bridge 50 180 3 Hindustan Shipyard Ltd (HSL) is also targeting restructuring package to restore it to health. It also Mercedez Benz Intl. School Kalyani Nagar Bridge 80 300 0.5 this lucrative sector. “We can build warships, delivered the largest bulk carrier (of 53,000dwt) Erin Nagarwala (Day scholars) Kalyani Nagar Bridge 42 50 0.5 submarines and frigates”, said HSL's chairman to be built in the country to Chennai-based St Josephs Boys High School Kirkee Bal Gandharva Bridge 45 100 1.5 and managing director Naresh Kumar. “We have Goodearth Maritime in April this year. SURROUNDING REGION OF PUNE the skills and infrastructure here to build such Courtesy, Times News Service INS Shivaji, Lonavla Bushi Lake 100 420 1.0 INS Shivaji, Lonavla Shivsagar Lake 40 120 1.5 INS Shivaji, Lonavla Shivaji Lake 35 60 1.0 Bharat Scouts & Guides Lonavla 105 150 0.1 IRS gets IACS Accreditation Bharat Scouts & Guides Saswad 60 75 0.1 Bharat Scouts & Guides Dehugaon 221 100 0.2 Bharat Scouts & Guides Kamshet 110 90 0.05 June 22, 2010, was a red-letter day in the Bharat Scouts & Guides Chinchwad 52 30 0.05 annals of the Indian Register of Shipping (IRS). It Bharat Scouts & Guides Bal Gandharva 28 35 0.1 was on that day that the council of the Bharat Scouts & Guides Mundhwa Kalyani Nagar 30 25 0.1 International Association of Classification KHADAKWASLA Societies (IACS) accepted IRS as its 11th full National Defence Academy, Khadakwasla Khadakwasla Lake 367 450 5.0 member. 'We were originally eligible to apply for MUMBAI IACS membership in December 2006, but there Black & Veatch, Mumbai Aksa Beach 40 105 1.5 was a comprehensive review and change in Children's Movement for Civic Awareness (CMCA) Schools membership criteria, and we only submitted our CMCA - Sacred Heart High school Chowpatty Beach 44 17 0.5 application in October 2009, when the changes CMCA- Beacon High & SVKM Intl. Juhu Beach 55 21 0.75 became effective,' said Capt J C Anand, chairman CMCA - Navy & JB Petit & Villa Theresa & Activity & Chowpatty Beach 353 250 2.0 of, and the moving spirit behind, the 35 year old Aditya Birla World Academy IRS. 'Actually, IACS does a careful audit of the CMCA - Lady Vissanji & St Elias & SS Sahney & Kamla Juhu Beach 245 230 2.0 activities of members and prospective members; & Billabong Intl & École Mondiale & RIMS and we have been receiving surprise visits from CMCA - Hiranandani & Campus & Gopal Sharma Powai Lake 355 210 1.3 their people since 1996. All IACS members have CMCA - Shri Balaji International Aksa Beach 23 11 0.3 to be compulsorily audited every three years by an CMCA - Aseem Pali Chimbai Municipal Carter Road 15 9 0.2 independent agency.' Capt J C Anand Versova Development Organisation (VEDEO) Versova Beach 27 2000 0.3 While all Indian flag vessels have had to be societies as co-surveyors,' said Capt Anand. Versova Development Organisation (VEDEO) Versova Beach 19 1129 1.5 compulsorily classed by IRS, the IACS St. Xavier's College Dadar Chowpatty Beach 400 86 2.0 IRS boasts 270 marine surveyors at 18 membership will allow the Indian society to locations in India and eight offices abroad. It Royal Bank of Scotland Juhu Beach 27 115 4.0 secure more newbuildings abroad under its GUJARAT intends to employ other nationalities to ensure classification and help in the marketing of its quick response and easy access to customers Prakruti Nature Club, Kodinar Kodinar Beach 48 135 4.0 services. around the world. Jeevan Jyot Kendra, Junagad JataShankar River 57 80 2.0 'We will also be able to conduct surveys of GES & GNCS Sindhrot, Vadodra Mahisagar River 64 174 0.8 marine incidents anywhere in the world, and we Courtesy, Seatrade Total For All India 34,753 83,175 can have any of the ten other IACS member

30 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 19 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

K K

Environment Events

Letter from Europe November 2010 2010 International Coastal Cleanup by Capt H Beil (GN) Retd

Better Protection of European Waters Mexico. The EU is leading the way to a better Zone Name Site Name People Weight Kg Dist. Km The European Union (EU) wants to improve controlled production of the World´s most ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS the protection of European waters against important source of energy. A&N Island - Dept Ocean St & Bio Collinpur - Sunset Bay 58 598 1 pollution by oil catastrophes. Therefore the Mine Warfare Exercises A&N Island - Dept Ocean St & Bio Wandoor Beach 89 392 1 German EU Energy Commissioner is requiring a Two multinational warfare exercises were ORISSA de-facto- moratorium for new oil drilling projects carried out in September this year: OLIVES Nature Drive - Paradeep Site-I H.Temple to S Kuda 450 1,320 2.5 in European waters. Governments have been NOIRES 2010 (Black Olives) off Toulon, and Nature Drive - Paradeep Site-II Hanuman Temple to Sandha Kuda 143 1,440 2.5 urged to give respective approvals only when OPEN SPIRIT off the Lithuanian coast. For Nature Drive - Siali (Tourist Resort) Siali Beach 178 1,770 1.9 safety regulations for the Union will be OLIVES NOIRES, under French Operational ANDHRA PRADESH scrutinized. To compose new legal drafts, Control, were deployed 15 units from 9 NATO VISAKHAPATNAM however, could take months. A voluntary countries, France,Germany, Great Britain, and ETASI Timpani schools Ramakrishna Beach 800 700 2.5 moratorium by the EU countries is unlikely. others, with 800 crew plus two mine clearance National Association of Fishermen (NAF) With regard to the oil catastrophe in the Gulf diving teams. The Task Group was reinforced by NAF Bapatla, Guntur District Suryalanka Beach 2,000 425 2.0 of Mexico earlier this year, the Commissioner units of EUROMARFOR, the European Maritime NAF Nellore District Mypadu Beach 2,500 1100 4.0 declared “that we must take care that such a Force with ships from Portugal, Spain, Italy, and NAF Avanigadda, Krishna District Hamsaladeevi beach 1,500 600 2.0 disaster will never occur in European waters”.So France. The aim of the exercise was to develop the NAF Machilipatnam, Kishrna District Maginipudi beach 2,000 775 2.0 Brusseles is going to adjust existing and proved interoperability between MW forces, to evaluate NAF Narsapuram, W. Godavari Distt Perupalem Beach 1,500 550 2.5 safety procedures EU wide. He, however, will put tactics and procedures of cooperation in an forward a legal draft only in 2011, after operational area. Besides MW exercises using NAF Kakinada, E. Godavari District Kakinada Beach 1,500 850 2.0 consultations with the EU Parliament and advanced sonar devices and underwater drones NAF Visakhapatnam Payakaraopet beach 500 225 1.5 Council. Therein an important aspect will be “the there were serials of Gunnery Training. Air TAMIL NADU control of the controllers”, to prevent undue Defence, simulated asymmetrical threats, and CHENNAI & PUDUCHERI (PONDICHERRY) AND NEARBY BEACHES contacts between oil firms and controllers. Replenishment at Sea (RAS). Mine clearance IMF Chennai Branch 12,748 48,048 207.0 National supervisors are to be watched over by divers were trained to counter terrorist threats in People's Action for Development (PAD) Gulf of Mannar independent experts. harbours. At the same time the exercise OPEN Keezhakarai District 15 Villages 561 420 5.9 Moreover, new drilling licences will only be SPIRIT took place in the Eastern Baltic. Here 16 Vembar District 14 Villages 826 414 10.3 granted to firms forwarding effective emergency MW units from six countries were deployed to Rameswaram District 26 Villages 1,640 534 10.0 plans and the evidence of funds to compensate for locate and destroy mines and explosive charges, KERALA potential environmental damages. Oil firms will most of them laid in WW II. A number of mines, KiteLife and Coca Cola Kochi Beach 900 12000 2.0 have to pay for detrimental effects on marine life torpedoes, and bombs could be neutralised in the GOA STATE within a distance of 200 nm from the coast. The operation., using remote-controlled underwater Marriott Resort Miramar Beach 60 140 1.0 new rules, however, will not refer to plants robots and deploying mine clearance divers MAHARASHTRA already in service, which means a prolonged trained to operate in great depth. Permanent PUNE (MULA AND MUTHA RIVERS) threat to the environment. medical assistance was granted by decompression Rotary Club of Pune Central SM Joshi Bridge 7 90 0.5 But the inevitable ascent of oil demand will go facilities and support given by the Lithuanian Air Bharat Scouts & Guides Sambhaji Bridge 650 1500 10 on. According to the International Energy Agency Force. Sinhagad College Rajaram Bridge 45 150 1 (IEA) one third of the oil raised world wide is Both exercises demonstrated anew the undim Bal Shikshan Mandir Sambhaji Bridge 150 350 1.28 hauled in areas off the coast. This portion is -inished importance of mine clearance Black and Veach Yerwada Burning Ghat 36 372 0.5 expected to rise to 50% by 2015. All the more it is capabilities and training, also in modern naval Sea Cadet Corps Sangamwadi Bridge (new) 85 395 0.5 of vital importance to apply any kind of warfare. Stella Maries School Kalyani Nagar Bridge 62 100 0.5 procedural and safety measures to avoid Capt H Beil is our correspondent of the EU Anjali High School Kalyani Nagar Bridge 28 50 0.5 ecological disasters as the one in the Gulf of and lives in Rosrath, Germany

20 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 29 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

K CMYK

Environment Shipping

Cdr Donde to Represent India in Trans-Atlantic Boat Race by Pranav Kulkarni

He had been the first from India to complete a solo circumnavigation, around six months ago. And now, Commander Dilip Donde, along with three Navy officers, will be first to represent India in the Trans - Atlantic Boat Race - Cape to Rio 2011. The team left from Goa this week on Mhadei, to Cape Town from where the race is scheduled to begin on January 15. This is the same vessel Cdr Donde had earlier circum- GNS students Sindhrot, Mahisagar River Activity High School students, navigated the Globe. Vadodra, Gujarat Chowpatty Beach "The race is between Cape town and Rio - de thousands of years in the water. - Janeiro, which is about 3,600 nautical miles; we The National Association of Fishermen, an will be competing against teams from several The data from the International Coastal effort spearheaded by Nagesh Babu, cleaned up at Cleanup help provide a roadmap for eliminating countries and the competition will include Final Inspection marine debris by demonstrating the scope and cruising boats - both mono and multi hulls - as scale of the problem and documenting trends. well as racing boats from across the globe, also, Armed with that information, we can work this is the first time that an Indian team is together to reduce marine debris at the source, participating in it," said Donde. change the behaviors that cause it and support The team will cover over 6,000 nautical miles better policies to prevent it from causing further in the process. Cdr Dilip Donde, along with three harm to our vital ocean ecosystems. Indian Navy officers, will be the first to represent We had a briefing of Pune Zone Captains on India in the Trans - Atlantic Boat Race - Cape to 09 Sep, and cleanup kits including Data and Rio 2011. Summary cards were handed out. The Cleanup We are expected to reach Cape Town by was scheduled in most locations in India on 26 December-end. We would be navigating between Sep, however in the Pune region we postponed it Cape Town and Rio - de - Janeiro, which is about to 9 Oct on account of the late monsoon showers. 3,600 nautical miles one way." The turnout on the Mutha river was excellent with Cdr Donde will be accompanied by Lt Cdr 17 schools, colleges and NGOs participating. INS Abhilash Tomy, Lt Cdr Gautam Khajuria and Mhadei Away Shivaji and NDA did a good job in their respective areas and Bharat Scouts were active at seven sites chief petty officer Pankaj Kumar. in the region. This year, we were happy to Lt Cdr Tomy, who was in Donde's support welcome some first-time organizations like crew for his solo sailing venture, will be bringing Nature Drive at Paradeep, and Jeevan Jyot Kendra the yacht back from Cape Town to Goa, solo. “I in Gujarat. In Mumbai the CMCA did a am looking forward to a great navigational marvellous task of gathering 23 school children experience and this is a rehearsal for me as the who enthusiastically worked on three different Navy is planning a solo circumnavigation next beaches. Our thanks to VEDEO who, on 23 Sep, year.” did a special cleanup on account of the Ganapati Courtesy, Indian Express immersion and then once again they did a cleanup on 26 Sep.

Mhadei Waved Off 28 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 21 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

CMYK CMYK

Events Environment

Memorial Day in Pune - 14 November 2010 International Coastal Cleanup 2010 - India by Cdr Mukund Lele, IN ( Retd) by Cdr Mukund Lele (Retd)

The tireless efforts of the Indian Maritime The oft-repeated phrase 'Kashmir CMCA (Ms. Vinodini Lulla) Mumbai 1,090 to Kanyakumari' would need to be Foundation, paid off in 2008, when the Pune IMF (Mr. Karn Ragade) Pune 1,880 Municipal Corporation was kind enough to build a modified to describe the ICC 2010 memorial to the officers and seamen of the Indian in India, which stretched from PAD (Dr. M. Mannan) Gulf of 3,027 Merchant Marine who lost their lives in World War 1 Junagad to Port Blair. The Mannar and II. This memorial is unique in that it is the only dedicated pre-cleanup efforts NAF (Mr. Nagesh Babu) Andhra 11,500 war memorial in India erected in a public park to made by the coordination team honour our merchant seamen, in this instance in the were reflected in the huge Pradesh premises of the Bund Garden in Pune. This year, on incremental turnout this year, IMF (RADM Srinivasan) Tamil Nadu 12,748 14 November, the Indian Maritime Foundation which aggregated 34,726 conducted a solemn ceremony to honour the 7955 volunteers and 83 tonnes of debris This year's Cleanup report examines the seamen who lost their lives at sea during World War collected, compared to 18,284 and 53 tonnes phenomenon of trash on the move to and 1 and II. We were fortunate to have with us that day a respectively in 2009. Capt Navin Passey and Mrs Passey being throughout the ocean number of armed forces veterans graciously led by It would be unfair to judge the quality of effort Air Chief Marshal H Moolgavkar. Sadly, far too few received by Cmde Rajan Vir simply by the numbers of volunteers at different hundreds of miles inland or along the ocean's retired Merchant Marine officers were present, sites, because the sincerity and willingness to however we were honoured with the presence of shores. participate in the Cleanup is as important as the Capt. SH Honawar and CaptT Rosario, the two This year's Cleanup report examines the numbers. Nevertheless, deserving special senior-most Mariners living in Pune and both phenomenon of trash on the move to and veterans of the Second World War. mention and recognition, for the sheer magnitude throughout the ocean, and the resulting impacts The Chief Guest for the function was Captain. Navin Passey, Managing Director, Wallem Shipmanagement (India) Pvt. Ltd. The ceremony commenced with a Sanskrit invocation recited by Mrs. Gita Vir, followed by a naval prayer including a short requiem composed by RL Stevenson, read by Cmde Rajan Vir. Thereafter, the gathering was addressed in Marathi by Capt. Dixit, President of CMMI, Pune Capt Passey with IMF Members Chapter, and then in English by Cmde Rajan Vir. The Chief Guest, Capt Navin Passey then addressed the gathering. He concluded his stirring address with a promise that Wallems will work with the IMF to spearhead a trust to provide support to the Student of St. Xaviers College at Nature Drive Volunteers of Birsha Munda UP families of the seamen who lost their lives at sea in Bandra Beach School filling their Bags at Paradip Beach WWII, if efforts can be made to locate any of them. of cooordinating large numbers of volunteers worldwide. Cleanup data tell us that an estimated A message received from John Oates, Assistant from different organizations, is due to: Ocean 60-80 percent of marine litter starts out on land. Secretary, Burma Star Association, UK, was also Conservancy, the NGO based in Washington that Lakes, rivers, streams, and storm drains, helped read out. coordinates the annual international cleanup “The Burma Sar Association remembers the by the wind and rain, transport litter hundreds of members of the Indian Merchant Navy who paid the effort. Their latest report 2010 has this significant miles to the ocean. And ocean currents and winds Supreme Sacrifice during World War II for the observation to make about ocean debris. carry that marine debris all around the globe. liberation of Burma. We shall never forget them.” Because trash travels, we are all part of the Trash travels through time as well; estimates vary, Cdr Lele is a council member of the IMF Capt Passey Addressing the Invitees problem and the solution whether we live but some items may last hundreds or even

22 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 27 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

CMYK CMYK

Environment Shipping

Ingestion of Marine Debris by Loggerhead Sea Turtles, SIMA Workshop at Peacock Bay, NDA Caretta - Caretta in the Adriatic Sea by Hoshnar Kaikobad by Capt Bojan Lazar and Romana Gracan Marine debris, deemed as any manufactured more than three decades and have a central role in Outdoor workshops are not only one of the or processed solid waste imported into the the Mediterranean Action Plan (UNEP,1988, simplest ways for an artist to use his creativity and marine environment is proven to have a 1994). explore his own talent in the midst of nature, but widespread negative impact on marine However, to our knowledge no study has also come together with his fellow artists on a wildlife, including physiology-level effects and addressed the issue of solid waste input into the common platform to share ideas and the reduced fitness, reproductive failure, changes Adriatic Sea. The only existing information inspiration behind them. in community structure to direct death relates to the litter on the sea floor, which With this in mind, the 2nd workshop for the following blockage of intestinal tract or concentration (items per hectare) is among the year 2010 organized by SIMA at Peacock Bay, entanglement. highest along European coasts, after the north- N.D.A. on Sunday, 10th October was indeed a The number of species affected counts in western Mediterranean and the Celtic Sea. If only memorable one. A total of 17 attended the hundreds and include marine mammals, sea birds, plastic debris is considered, the Adriatic Sea workshop, some of whom were Mrs. Anuradha sea turtles, fish and benthic biota. Hence, marine bottom represents the most polluted sea floor in Thakur's students. Other artists present were Mr. debris represents a major threat to marine life, on Europe with 2.63 items/ha. Evaluation of the Mohan Khare, Mr. Dhadnekar, Mr. P.V. Joshi, Mr. Mohan Khare’s demonstration of painting a top of other anthropogenic stressors affecting impact of marine debris on development, Macha, Mr. Thorat and other fellow SIMA seascape for NDA Cadets marine biodiversity, such as overexploitation and survivorship, health and reproduction of sea members. harvesting, chemical pollution, alien species and turtles is highlighted as one of the global research We left at 8:00am from the Poona Club entry global climate change. priorities for these threatened marine reptiles. gate by bus and the drive to the venue was lovely The main sources of marine debris are litter The shallow waters of the northern and central with lush green trees and beautiful weather from ships, fishing and recreational boats, and Adriatic Sea (<200 m in depth) host one of the guiding us along the way. On reaching the N.D.A. garbage carried into the sea from land-based most important neritic feeding grounds for the Gate, we had to wait a while to get security sources in industrialized and highly populated endangered loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta clearance, but the beautiful scenery of the areas. In terms of pollution, the Adriatic Sea Linnaeus 1758) in the Mediterranean while the Peacock Bay was worth the wait. Cmde Rajan Vir represents one of the World's hot-spots . It is a southern Adriatic is recognized as an important introduced each one of us present at the workshop small (surface area: 138,600 km2), temperate, oceanic developmental habitat for this species. and spoke in brief about the place. shallow, semi enclosed sea connected to the Life history and foraging strategy characterized As we settled down, the artists then took to Mediterranean by the 70 km wide Straits of by high ecological plasticity with shifts in diet and their paints to capture the scenic beauty onto their Otranto. habitat use between oceanic and neritic waters canvas. The session lasted till lunch, where the make loggerheads particularly susceptible to members got a chance to interact with one Marine artists at work The Adriatic coasts, particularly the northern debris ingestion. another. part, are highly populated, with a resident Although debris ingestion has been recorded After lunch, a live demonstration on seascape population of about 4 million inhabitants and in other large marine vertebrates in the Adriatic, painting was given by Mr. Mohan Khare. The an additional 18 million tourists during the no such information exists for sea turtles. cadets from the N.D.A. Art Club present along summer season. Therefore, this study investigates for the first time with the members appreciated the demo and were the occurrence of marine debris ingestion by indeed glad to have witnessed such an eminent The Adriatic coasts, particularly the northern loggerhead sea turtles in the foraging habitats of artist at work. part, are highly populated, with a resident the Adriatic Sea, and discusses the possible effects The day ended with a photo session for all the population of about 4 million inhabitants and an on the health status and viability of resident members and participants of the workshop additional 18 million tourists during the summer populations. followed by refreshments. We headed back home season, resulting in a heavy input of land-based The Authors are from the Dept of Biology, thoroughly satisfied and with an everlasting pollutants into the sea. The qualitative and Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, memory of the beautiful Peacock Bay. quantitative analyses of chemical pollutants in the Croatia Hoshnar Kaikobad is an active artist and Adriatic have been a topic of investigation for Edited by Cdr Sati Taneja founder member SIMA Workshop participants at NDA, Peacock Bay

26 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 23 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

CMYK CMYK

Shipping Events

Iceberg Junior SIMA Painting Competition at Empress Gardens by Ms Anuradha Thakur

Ever see an iceberg from top to bottom? This Anyway, in this particular case the water was It was another fun filled morning at the came from a Rig Manager, For Global Marine calm, seas clear and the sun was almost directly Empress Gardens, on Nov-21,2010, as more Drilling in St. Johns, Newfoundland. They overhead so that the diver was able to get into the than 120 children , from various schools, with actually have to divert the path of these things water and click this picture. They estimated the parents, gathered under the auspicies of (Icebergs) away from the rig by towing them with weight at 300,000,000 tons. Society of Indian Marine Artists (SIMA) & ships! No Wonder……. The Titanic Didn't Have A Indian Maritime Foundation (IMF), for the Chance!!!! 5th annual Junior SIMA painting competition. The eagerly awaited event started with a live demonstration by Junior SIMA Secretary Anuradha Thakur, who painted 3 sceneries in a matter of 15 minutes, greatly admired by contestants & parents both. Next came the main event - 'Sea Scape' Chief Guest Mrs. Mumtaz Peerbhoy painting competition by the contestants. The presenting the prize to the youngest winner children were divided into 4 groups: 1) 3-1/2 - 5 years - who had to just colour printed drawings; 2) 5 - 8 years of age - whose subject was “Life under the Seas”; 3) 8 - 11 years of age - subject “Boats on Sea”; & 4) 11 - 15 years of age - subject “Visualise & draw sea life-upside down (abstract); As soon as the winners were finalized, Chief Guest Mumtaz Peerbhoy, presented to the 1st three contestants in each category, with the respected judges explaining why that particular Contestants extremely busy at work participant deserved the prize. A special unplanned prize was also given to the most imaginative painting. The renowned judges declared that it was tough to decide upon the winners and extorted upon the winners to carry on with the great work and not get disappointed, as participation was of utmost importance. Participatory certificates were then presented to all candidates, and sumptuous hot snacks were provided to all participants. The program ended with smiles on everybody's faces, with congratulations to all the organizing committee members. Ms Anuradha Thakur is the Secretary, Junior SIMA Demonstration being given by Ms Anuradha Thakur

24 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11 25 SeaGull Feb 11 - Apr 11

CMYK