cradle of leadership This rich shade of maroon was adopted as the National Defence Academy colour in 1956. It is a synthesis of Olive Green of the Army, Prussian Blue of the Navy, Sky Blue of the Air Force, and Red, the colour of valour and sacrifice. the crest of the Nationa l Defence Academy

Designed to foster the spirit of camaraderie among the Services, the insignia is composed of symbols that represent the Army, the Navy and the Air Force. The cross swords stand for the Army’s martial valour, the anchor denotes the stability of the Navy and the Himalayan eagle symbolises the Air Force’s aspiration to touch the skies with glory. The four Asiatic lions standing back to back, adopted from the national emblem and mounted on the Himalayan eagle, depicts pride in serving the motherland while the scroll at the base endorses the ideal of Seva Paramo Dharma or Service before Self. First chosen in 1948, the design of the insignia evolved between 1949 and 1956. © national defence academy May 2016

Executive Publisher Maneck E Davar Compiling Editor Commander Aman Singh Siwach Editorial Monideepa Choudhuri Design Parvez Shaikh Vaishali Kapadia Jhaveri Rohit Nayak Ninad Jadhav Photography Dhiman Chatterjee Baldev Singh, LA(PH) Acknowledgements: For their guidance and advice: Vice Admiral G Ashok Kumar, PVSM, AVSM Commandant, NDA NATIONAL DEFENCE ACADEMY Air Vice Marshal S P Wagle, VM Deputy Commandant, NDA Cradle OF leadership Brigadier S K Rao, YSM Brigadier Administration, NDA 1949 - 2016 Prof (Dr) O P Shukla Principal, NDA Captain Devanshu Rastogi Director Training, NDA For their able support: Commander K Nirmal Lieutenant Colonel B D Lenka Major Himani Luthra Captain Kartikeya Manral Captain Bibek Pradhan Mr Anand (Anand Photo Studio) All training teams and Adjutant’s section NDA Archives Section

Printed and Designed by

No part of this book may be reproduced or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. 2 national defence academy contents

Messages 08

Foreword 10 A Cadet’s Essentials The Final Steps Preface 12 A Cadet’s Essential 64 The Final Steps 140 Vision and Mission 14 Academy Prayer, Academy Distinguished Guests 148 Timeline 18 Honour Code 66 The Training Men at the Helm 152 our great nation can advance only if we are united. Habibullah Hall 68 Deputy Commandants 154 The First Steps Making of Officers and Gentlemen 76 our army, our navy and our air force Cadet’s Pledge 70 Medals of Honour 156 draw their men from all parts of the country, The First Steps of a Cadet 38 Academics 78 Hut of Remembrance 72 and are a symbol of our unity and homogeneity. Gates to the NDA 40 Crucible of Discipline 82 NDA Vision 2027 158 i wish all of us could imbibe that spirit. President’s Drive, Ashoka Pillar and Physical Training 86

Salaria Square 42 Swimming 90

Jawaharlal Nehru Sudan Block 44 Equitation Training 92

Battalions and Squadrons 46 Sports as a Way of Life 94

Quarter Master’s Fort 48 Inter-Squadron Cross Country 98

Training of Foreign Cadets 50 Joint Training 102

The Evolution Life Inside a Squadron 52 Army Training 106

Evolution of the Joint Services Wing 22 The NDA Bike 56 Naval Training 114

Operation Badli 30 The Horn of Plenty 58 Air Force Training 124

Why Khadakwasla 32 The Story of a Strange Tradition 61 Clubs and Hobbies 130

4 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 5 6 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 7 messages

Air Chief Marshal Arup Raha Admiral R K Dhowan General Dalbir Singh Air Marshal Ajit S Bhonsle Pvsm, Avsm, Vm, Adc Pvsm, Avsm, Ysm, Adc pvsm, uysm, avsm, vsm, adc avsm, vsm Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee Chief of the Naval Staff Chief of the Army Staff Chief of Integrated Defense Staff to and Chief of the Air Staff the Chairman COSC

ch ff ief sta of the army

The National Defence Academy has been the fountainhead for Ever since its inception 66 years ago, the National Defence Academy The National Defence Academy is truly a unique institution and a The fifth edition of the National Defence Academy coffee table book imparting quality training to prospective officers of the Armed Forces has been standing tall as the premier foundational and joint institution of source of great pride and inspiration for the entire nation. It has rendered reflects the priceless heritage, lush green surroundings, traditions and since its humble beginning at Clement Town, Dehra Dun in 1949. Over the Armed Forces of India. It is, indeed, among the best in the world. yeoman service to the Armed Forces by grooming future military leaders. history of the Academy. It prominently portrays the enthusiastic spirit with the years, successive Commandants and Directing Staff have lent their In developing the next generation of leaders of the Armed Forces to It has withstood the rigours of time as a centre of excellence for its training which the cadets are trained and also depicts the history of the Academy astute vision and foresight to enable the Academy to achieve and keep up face myriad challenges and dynamics in ensuring the defence of India parameters and curriculum. with a collection of rare photographs. its rightful place as a centre of excellence in military training. and the security of her citizens, the NDA has lived up to the vision of The Academy boasts of a saga of six and a half decades in the service of The book will definitely motivate all and take them nostalgically The training imparted at NDA fosters an admirable sense of honour, its founding fathers and the incessant efforts of its Service and civilian the nation. With its tri-Service ethos, it has translated the dreams of the through their unforgettable past at the iconic institution. ethos and jointmanship which continues to resonate throughout the career instructors across all ranks. It is their collective dedication that has given founding fathers into reality. Its meaningful existence and achievements I would like to commend Vice Admiral G Ashok Kumar, AVSM, of an Officer. I am happy to note that NDA has been transforming by the NDA its unique ethos and maintained its high standards. The bonds in the past shatter the myth that joint structure is a utopian dream. It VSM for compiling and producing this very comprehensive portrayal of modernising and upgrading its training facilities to meet futuristic goals in of friendship formed here blossom into invaluable assets in the years ahead has indeed proved to be the nursery of the jointness of approach. Its the journey of an NDA cadet. It is a befitting tribute to this prestigious today’s competitive environment. I am sure that the knowledge and skill of and serve to strengthen the fabric of our Armed Forces and our relations effectual alumni have distinguished themselves through exemplary display institution. our human resource will be a major asset vis-à-vis emergent issues. with armed forces of friendly countries. of courage, valour and dedication to duty, both in war and peace. I am Jai Hind! I would like to compliment the Commandant and the editorial team I am happy to note that the NDA has, with changing times, kept its confident that the officer-trainees of recent times will carry forward the for publishing the new coffee table book which encapsulates the genesis, training updated for both academic and leadership needs of the future. legacy and live up to the spirit of its motto, Seva Paramo Dharma. growth, training, infrastructure and future projections of the NDA in I am sanguine that it will remain the cradle of our military leadership, I am happy to note that the latest edition of the coffee table book has the most alluring manner. I wish the NDA fraternity the very best for all continuing to inculcate within its cadets the tenets of jointmanship, come out in a new format, documenting various aspects of the Academy’s future endeavours. camaraderie and the spirit of Seva Paramo Dharma. multi-nuanced training. I urge everyone associated with the Academy Jai Hind! I am sure that this pictorial essay will contribute by providing a to attain even greater heights and leave behind fresh trails of professional repertoire of the rich and vibrant history of the institution. I wish the glory. National Defence Academy all success in its future endeavours. Jai Hind! Jai Hind!

Ajit S Bhonsle Arup Raha R K Dhowan Dalbir Singh Air Marshal Air Chief Marshal Admiral General Offg Chief of Integrated Defence Staff Chairman COSC & CAS Chief of the Naval Staff Chief of the Army Staff to Chairman COSC

8 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 9 foreword

I am indeed fortunate to be penning down an overview of this seminal book on an iconic institution like the National thus brought supreme glory and fame to their alma mater. The ever-increasing number Commandant Defence Aacademy and thereby making my little mark on the history of this pride of India. Over the years, the NDA has of names inscribed on the walls of the famed Hut of Remembrance is a reminder of the Vice Admiral G Ashok Kumar evolved as an icon of national strength and character. It attracts hundreds of eager, talented young men from various parts willingness of these gallant young men to make supreme sacrifice when the occasion AVSM, VSM of the country. Drawn by the sparkle of uniforms and the exploits of real life heroes, the greenhorns are groomed here in demands. Their skills, however, are not limited to their professional field alone. They leadership, courage, camaraderie, integrity and honesty. The cadets, brimming with vitality and with a burning desire to have done this institution proud by winning laurels and acclaim in various fields, both tread the chosen path of a warrior, join us as young adolescents and after three years graduate as potential military leaders, at the national and international levels. They have scaled the highest mountains, sailed ready to lead men beyond the call of duty. The transformation from boys to men is a complex process consisting of diverse the rough seas around the globe and even pioneered into space. Essentially, every cadet training activities, be it joint, Service specific or just plain simple grooming. The essential qualities of endurance, uniformity, in the NDA epitomises the exemplary virtues displayed by their real life heroes. military bearing, pride in one’s self, turnout and, most importantly, implicit obedience to order are drilled, drummed and These stories and many more facets of the Academy have been captured in this new ingrained into the very persona of cadets through a well-structured training calendar. coffee table book. I am sure it will make interesting reading and become a starting point But amongst everything that we do, the most unique achievement of the NDA is perhaps fostering of jointmanship — the for great conversations in living rooms, besides being a source of inspiration for cadets

Brahma Astra of tomorrow’s warfare. The NDA, therefore, is a very unique model which focuses on developing lasting and faculty alike. A Navigation and Direction specialist, the Admiral navigated IN Ships Beas, Nilgiri, Ranvir and Vikrant. His other sea bonds of friendship and camaraderie to ultimately spur that elusive inter-Services cooperation that is so very essential for Good luck and God-speed. tenures include Commanding Officer of IN Ships Kulish synchronisation of all components of military power in order to address a common military objective. Therefore, the entire and Ranvir and Executive Officer onboard INS Brahmaputra. Jai Hind His important staff appointments include Chief Staff Officer training is characterised by trust and confidence in each other’s Service, mutual respect for each other’s capability and (Operations) of Western Naval Command, Defence Advisor healthy cooperation. The cradle of leadership is also the nursery of jointmanship, such that transgresses all bureaucratic and to High Commission of India in Singapore, Head of Training Team (Navy) at DSSC, Wellignton and Staff Officer (Ops/ turf-related hurdles during the later part of each other’s careers and facilitates synergy between the Olive Greens, Prussian ND) at Indian Naval Work Up Team, Kochi. Blues and Sky Blues — turning them all Maroon when it really matters. G Ashok Kumar On promotion to the Flag rank, the Admiral has been the Our source of inspiration has been the alumni of this Academy, who have, time and again, proved their mettle and Vice Admiral Chief of Staff, Southern Naval Command, Flag Officer Sea Commandant Training and Flag Officer Maharashtra and Gujarat Area. professional competence in directing the art of war on land, at sea and in the air, leading men beyond the call of duty. Through their exemplary service — both in war and peace — they have carved out a formidable name for themselves and The Flag Officer took over charge of the NDA on promotion to Vice Admiral on 01 April, 2015.

10 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 11 preface

The Oxford Dictionary defines a coffee table book as a large, expensive, lavishly illustrated book intended for casual reading. The coffee table book in this new format is an excellent account of this wonderful deputy commandant and chief instructor Wikipedia further elaborates that a coffee table book is an oversized book whose purpose is for display on a table intended institution and its spectrum of activities. The focus has been on the cadet rather than the for use in an area in which one entertains guests and from which it can serve to inspire conversation. trainer because we believe that the Academy’s raison d’être is the cadet and all attention air vice marshal Sandesh P wagle VM needs to be on the training that is imparted to him. It will not only make interesting This new coffee table book on the National Defence Academy meets all these qualifications and I hope it will strike a chord reading but also serve as a source of inspiration for many young men with dreams. I with the readers as it entertains, inspires conversation and evokes nostalgic reminiscences amongst NDA alumni. hope the book will find pride of place in every ex-NDA’s living room as well as those Much has already been said in the Commandant’s foreword and, therefore, I shall limit myself to only highlighting certain non ex-NDAs who have been associated with this fine institution and have given it facets of the coffee table book that are particularly interesting. their very best. This latest avatar of the NDA coffee table book has taken nine odd months to be published, but the fruit of the labour has May I, therefore, exhort readers to savour the new coffee table book with may be a indeed been very satisfying. High resolution photography with improved quality of paper and print has added a new spark. cup of coffee in hand? The 32,000 odd NDA alumni around the globe could immerse We have repeated some of the iconic photographs which adorned the pages of our earlier coffee table books because of their themselves in nostalgia, rekindling their own special memories. historical value and also because they aptly capture the momentous occasions of this Academy’s glorious past. Also, our I wish you all Happy Reading. archives have only a few photographs of the early years, thereby necessitating repetition. By and large though, most of the A helicopter pilot and an alumnus of the 65th NDA Course, photographs are new and the perspective offered is fresh. An attempt has been made to give a glimpse of the many changes Jai Hind the Air Marshal has flown over 6,000 hours in all kinds of terrain. He flew as part of Operation Meghdoot in the in the Academy and offer insights into a cadet’s daily regimen today. The coffee table book pictographically brings forth the Siachen Glacier and Operation Pawan in Sri Lanka. He holds life of a cadet at the NDA, encapsulating also its genesis and growth, training and infrastructure, vision and future. the distinction of commanding an Attack Helicopter unit in the UN Mission at Congo and the oldest Helicopter Unit of Since the greater purpose of the Academy is to groom cadets into gentlemen and officers of courage and integrity, the coffee the IAF, of which he is the Commodore Commandant. He table book has a separate chapter on the three moral pillars of the NDA — the Honour Code, the Cadet’s Pledge and the Sandesh P Wagle has also commanded the Air Force station at Leh. Air Vice Marshal Academy Prayer. It is in the routine reiteration and living of the values ensconced in them that he builds himself into a strong The Air Marshal has also served in the Inspector General’s Deputy Commandant and Chief Instructor and worthy leader. branch and as the Principal Director of Helicopter operations at Air HQ. A graduate of DSSC, Wellington, College of The chapter on the vision and foreseeable future of the Academy is worth perusing for those who wish the Academy well Air Warfare and National Defence College, he was Senior Instructor and Head of Training Team at DSSC, Welllington. and dream of greater glory for their alma mater. The Air Officer took over charge on 01 December, 2015.

12 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 13 The Vision BRIGadier ADMinistration principal director (training) PRINCIPAL

BRIG S K RAO, YSM Brig Bency P Jacob PROF (DR) OM PRAKASH SHUKLA

The National Defence Academy will be the premier joint training institution and centre of excellence in the world for producing leaders, equipped with mental, moral and physical attributes required to cope with the challenges of future battlefields and capable of leading troops to victory.

Commissioned in the 20th An alumnus of the 66th NDA Awarded the prestigious Bn of the Sikh Regiment in course, Brigadier Bency P Jacob Commendation Certificate from August 1983, Brigadier S K Rao was commissioned into the Sikh the Chief of Air Staff for his commanded his battalion in OP Regiment in June 1985. He valuable services to the Academy, Parakaram, Counter Terrorist, commanded the unit for more Prof (Dr) O P Shukla is a member Insurgency Operation in J & K and OP Meghdoot. He was than four years in counter-insurgency operations, riverine of the Academic Council of Jawaharlal Nehru University, part of active operations during OP Vijay (Kargil). He has terrain and high altitude area. He raised the HQ 6 Sector Himachal University and the ACC Wing, Indian Military The Mission also commanded Siachen Brigade (102 Inf Bde), the highest Assam Rifles and was its first Commander. A graduate of Academy. He has several research papers to his credit and battlefield in the world. A graduate of DSSC, Wellington and DSSC, Wellington, Senior Command Course and Higher is a senior resource person of the Indira Gandhi National Army War College, Mhow, he has held various important Command Course, Army War College, Mhow, he has held Open University (IGNOU) and the Institute of Chartered staff and instructional appointments. various important staff and instructional appointments. Accountants of India (ICAI).

We in NDA would provide the highest standards of focused training in the professional, intellectual, physical and leadership spheres as also moral and ethical grooming to cadets using innovative concepts, technologies and modern practices, with a view to providing the Armed Forces “The Administration Branch remains committed “The aim of the Training Branch is to “Our vision is to impart vocational and Service- to providing campus wide innovative, effective transform young boys into intellectually enabled, oriented education that is relevant to both the with competent potential leaders with high standards of integrity, and efficient administrative and fiscal facilities to physically fit, articulate, self-confident and Technical and Humanities domains. We aim to equipped to function in the battlefields of the future and capable of leading troops to victory. support the NDA’s mission to produce officers self-disciplined officer cadets, ready for induction produce scholar warriors who can adopt the latest capable of leading men, both in war and peace. in their respective Services. The training will technologies used in the modern battlefield with We would maintain and further enhance the infrastructure of the Academy in consonance with training needs It will proactively provide outstanding training be orchestrated to equip cadets with the mental, ease. The education is intended to help cadets thereby providing a suitable training environment for all existing and future requirements. and administrative support to ensure that moral and physical attributes required to cope gain incisive insight into various knowledge accountability and performance are optimised. We with the challenges of future battlefields and lead domains, promote creative thinking as well as the We will foster a healthy environment that encourages individual growth, promotes welfare and enhances quality of life will keep ourselves abreast of changing times and troops to victory. We aim to retain the edge that ability to reason so as to be well-suited to perform for all personnel and make the NDA family happy and spirited. responsibly manage the financial, technological, the Academy training is well known for and the multifarious tasks that are expected from an physical, human resource, safety and education thus continues to remain the cradle of leadership officer of the Indian Armed Forces.” support to the Academy.” and jointmanship.”

Cradle of leadership 15 The central facade of the Academy is a true Joint Services design. The majestic Sudan Block resembles a field gun of the Army. On the right, the Vyas Library and the Naval Training Team resembles an anchor. On the left, the Habibullah Hall appears like an aircraft.

16 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 17 The Chiefs of Staff Committee approves introduction of B.Tech as a fourth stream for NDA cadets from July 2016. timeline 16 april 2016

Over the years, the NDA has evolved as an icon of national strength and character. Conceived as a national war memorial, the institution is the most Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, cherished jewel in the Services’ crown. It attracts Honourable Prime Minister hundreds of eager, young idealists drawn by the of India, laying the foundation Passing Out Parade of the The first NDA contingent stone at Khadakwasla sparkle of uniforms and exploits of real life heroes. 10th Course, the first POP at at the Republic Day Parade His Excellency Shri 6 October 1949 NDA Khadakwasla, 26 january 1960 being reviewed by Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy, The Golden Jubilee The history of an institution can be pieced together Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Honourable President of India, celebrations as the NDA Honourable Prime Minister presenting the Colours to the turns 50. by linking landmark events in their perspective. NDA in recognition of 30 of India His Excellency Shri A P J Abdul Kalam, years of dedicated service of its 19 february 1999 While edifices of wood, brick and stone stand Honourable President of India, at the 5 june 1955 alumni to the nation testimony to human endeavour, personalities Passing out Parade of the 103rd Course 16 december 1978 leave their imprint on institutions, altering and 30 november 2002 shaping history.

16 january 1955 7 june 1974 6-8 december 2008

Shri Morarji Desai, 30 may 1959 Admiral S N Kohli, CNS, Her Excellency Honourable Chief Minister addressing the cadets of the 30 november 1991 Shrimati Pratibha His Excellency th of erstwhile State of Bombay, 46 Course at the first st Devisingh Patil, Rahmatullah Abdulla, Graduates of NDA 1 performing the opening graduation ceremony Course, who became Service Honourable President of ceremony on the steps of Ambassador of Sudan, of the NDA India, releasing the first during his formal address Chiefs around the same time, Sudan Block reviewing the 81st course day cover at the Diamond at the unveiling ceremony Jubilee celebrations of Sudan Block Passing Out

18 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 19 the evolution

20 national defence academy THE Evolution of THE Joint Services Wing The concept of the NDA was conceived at the conclusion of World War II.

ix years of fierce combat during World War II After research and several visits to foreign military Shad underlined the need for joint action training academies to study their working, a FACING PAGE in modern warfare and a synergy between the suitable concept for an Indian War Academy Clockwise FROM TOP: Services to provide a significant edge in times of was evolved. However, before the blueprint The Joint Services conflict. could be presented, India gained Independence Wing headquarters in the barracks of World and Field Marshal Auchinleck ceased to be the War II prisoners of Prior to Independence, Lord Mountbatten and Commander-in-Chief of the undivided Indian war at Clement Town, Dehradun; The first Lord Ismay — two of the most experienced Armed Forces. batch of Inter-Services military leaders of their time — formed a cadets arrive in Clement Town; The committee under the chairmanship of the The blueprint of the Academy as envisaged by first muster at Joint Commander-in-Chief of India, Field Marshal Field Marshal Sir Claude J Auchinleck remained Services Wing Sir Claude J Auchinleck and assigned it the task in cold storage for about eight months before TOP RIGHT: Members of the Chiefs of examining the feasibility of establishing an Sardar Vallabhai Patel, the then Deputy Prime of Staff Committee institution for joint training of officers of the Minister of India, sought the report and brought Indian Armed Forces. it back to life.

22 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 23 An alarming vacuum in the officer cadre demanded the immediate implementation of the report. So, it was referred to the Chiefs of Staff Committee, whose suggestion for the formation of an Interim Joint Inter Services Wing at the Indian Military Academy, Dehradun, was accepted.

An action plan to commission a permanent war academy at Khadakwasla near Pune also began simultaneously and on 06 October, 1949, Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru laid the foundation stone.

On 01 January, 1949, the Indian Military Academy was rechristened as the Armed Forces Academy, comprising the military wing and the newly-commissioned Joint Services Wing (JSW). On 01 January, 1950, ahead of India becoming a Republic, it was renamed the National Defence Academy.

The NDA was a pioneering concept, far ahead of FACING PAGE Clockwise FROM TOP: Ceremonial parade during the formal its time. The cadets underwent two years of initial inauguration of the Armed Forces Academy training at the JSW after which the Army cadets at Clement Town; Sardar Patel enjoys tea at went on to the Military Wing for a further two- Clement Town; Sardar Patel meets members of the Chiefs of Staff Committee; Patel year pre-commission training while the Naval reviews the ceremonial parade and Air Force cadets were sent to Dartmouth and TOP: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru laying the Cranwell in the United Kingdom. foundation stone at Khadakwasla

right: First NDA Principal J T M Gibson’s impression of the JSW

24 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 25 CLOCKWISE FROM TOP: A cadet being examined by a doctor; A cadet writes a letter to his family; Cadets in their Clement Town domitory FAcing PAGE: Cadets learn spoken English on the gramophone in their Clement Town mess

26 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 27 THIS PAGE AND FACING: Vignettes of training sessions and sports in Clement Town

28 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 29 Operation Badli

Operation Badli was the code name given to the historic migration from Dehradun to Khadakwasla.

Dehradun which comes from the word ‘Dera- Drona’ or Camp of Drona is believed to have been the residence of Dronacharya, the legendary guru of the Kauravas and Pandavas in the epic Mahabharata. Khadakwasla is located 12 miles away from Pune (known earlier as Poona), the old administrative seat of the Peshwas and in the foothills of the massif in which the famous Sinhgarh Fort is located. It is the fort that Tanaji Malusare, Shivaji’s favourite general, had captured from the Mughals in a daring assault up the cliff face. It was thus quite symbolic that the NDA which originated in the ancient historic Camp of Drona migrated to Shivaji’s seat of TOP: The Operation Badli team at Pune Indian military revival. Railway Station FACING PAGE CLOCKWISE The excellent planning and execution of FROM left: Convoy en route from Dehradun to Operation Badli can be gauged from the fact that Khadakwasla; Officers supervising the total damage incurred during the migration unloading and disposal of Operation Badli stores; Unloaded stores was only `5. awaiting disposal

30 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 31 Why Khadakwasla?

Nestled at the foot of the Sahyadri ranges in the western watershed of Mula River Valley, Khadakwasla is located south-west of Pune city and north-west of Khadakwasla Lake. It was chosen after careful deliberations for its salubrious climate, suitability of terrain for military training and its proximity to the Arabian Sea.

The feasibility of undertaking operational training in view of the presence of a combined training centre and mock landing ship, HMS Angostura, on the north bank of the Khadakwasla Lake lent additional leverage to Khadakwasla’s claims over other contenders such as Bombay, Bangalore, Dehradun, Belgaum, Deolali, Nashik, Puri, Secunderabad and Vizag. Also, with the awe-inspiring Sinhgarh Fort as a panoramic backdrop, Khadakwasla was ideal as the site for the prestigious National Defence Academy.

Spread over 7,015 acres of the total 8,022 acres that was donated by the government of the erstwhile RIGHT: Bombay state, the NDA was formally inaugurated HMS Angostura, on 16 January, 1955. The name though had been the mock landing ship at transferred to Khadakwasla on 07 December, 1954. Khadakwasla Lake

32 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 33 Edward Parry (Admiral) Commander-in-Chief

ABOVE: Messages from the three Service chiefs on the occasion of the inauguration of the NDA

RIGHT: An artist’s impression of the first Passing Out Parade at NDA... And thus the story begins...

34 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 35 the first steps

36 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 37 THE first steps of a cadet Spread over 8,000 acres, the NDA is a centre of excellence for grooming junior leaders for the Indian Armed Forces and armed forces of friendly foreign countries.

hree formative years at the National Defence The Adjutant’s office allots squadrons to each TAcademy instil in the cadets a sense of cadet, which becomes his home for three years. belonging and oneness with the alma mater. Boys from various states and diverse backgrounds Breaking bread and training together engenders and abilities are allotted squadrons in a manner the spirit of camaraderie and forms the bedrock of that ensures homogeneity in each squadron. jointmanship that lasts a lifetime. During a cadet’s sojourn at the NDA, he merges his identity with Whilst moving from the Adjutant’s office to others and gains the solace of a herd, the power of his squadron, each cadet is mesmerised by the a team and the leverage of a group. views of the President’s Drive, the Salaria Square and the Ashoka Pillar. The story of the valour His first view of the Academy is the Trishakti Gate of Captain G S Salaria not only enthrals his after which he gets the first view of the majestic young mind, but also generates an enormous josh Sudan Block. It has a lasting impression since it is that he dons on his heart and sleeve — not just on the flight of stairs that lead up to Sudan Block during his years at the Academy, but for the rest that he has his first interaction with the Adjutant. of his life.

38 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 39 THE gates to the NDA

The entrance to the NDA is through the Trishakti which the roads lead to. The Kondhwa Gate Gate which was built in 2011, in consonance with opens up from the President’s Drive and leads the spirit of jointmanship. An arterial road from to what was earlier known as Kondhwa village, the Trishakti Gate meanders down the gently- while the Ahire Gate aligns with the old road that rolling hillside to the Pashan Gate, offering a leads to Ahire village. The MES Gate provides an panoramic view. entrance to the MES and the Kudje Gate is on the road that leads to Peacock Bay. The gates were Besides the Trishakti and Pashan Gates, the named so by Vice Admiral M P Awati during his Academy has four other gates, named after places stint as the Commandant.

left: Pashan Gate, the erstwhile main entrance to the NDA from Pashan

FAR LEFT: The Trishakti Gate depicts the true spirit of jointness at the NDA

40 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 41 President’s drive, ASHOKA PILLAR AND Salaria Square

More than a kilometre-long stretch from the Kondhwa Gate to Salaria Square, the President’s Drive is awe-inspiring. Branching out from it are roads that lead to No 4 Bn and No 2 Bn on the right and the Quarter Master’s Fort and Drill Square to the left.

Standing 30 feet high at the centre of the crossroads of President’s Drive and Trishul Marg and in front of Sudan Block is the Ashoka Pillar — a symbol of steadfastness in choosing the “harder right rather than the easier wrong”. An adaptation of the Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath, it was completed on 02 February, 1958.

Beyond the junction and in front of Sudan Block is the Salaria Square, named after DCC Gurbachan Singh Salaria of the 10th NDA Course. Capt G S Salaria was the first ex-NDA to be awarded the Param Vir Chakra, the country’s highest war honour, for his valour in defending the United Nations headquarters in Elizabethville in Congo.

academy trivia

Academy 29 FT 1.33 km 1.66 km garden Height of Length of Length of Salaria Square Ashoka Pillar Kondhwa Trishul Marg Road

42 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 43 SUDAN BLOCK

Majestic in form, Sudan Block is the iconic the Ashoka Chakra. Black Italian marble walls and symbol of the Tri-Services Academy. A three- pillars embellished with brass motifs and paintings storey structure of basalt and granite with accents of martyrs of the Academy define the octagonal of Jodhpur pink sandstone and topped by a central foyer, immediately below the dome. 70-feet-high dome, its most remarkable and eye- catching feature, it looms over the landscape of Sudan Block has been named after the African the lush Khadakwasla estate like a colossus. Republic of Sudan which had gifted £100,000 in 1941 for a war memorial commemorating Sudan Block’s architecture, an artistic blend of the sacrifice of Indian troops in defence of arches, pillars and verandahs, is reminiscent of the Sudan during World War II. AfterP artition, Mughal era, and when viewed aerially, resembles India’s share which amounted to £70,000, was

a field gun of imposing proportions. Stone pillars utilised for the construction of the NDA. On TOP: and galleries and canopied chajjas in the Rajput 30 May, 1959 it was inaugurated by Rahmatullah Dharma Chakra as seen upwards from style bring up the flanks while its arcade of grey Abdulla, Ambassador of Sudan. The nerve centre the central foyer of stone gracefully offsets the pink stone colonnades of the Academy, Sudan Block now houses the the Sudan Block of the first and second floors. A blue glass Dharma headquarters of the NDA and the departments RIGHT: Sudan Block lit up Chakra adorns the apex of the dome’s roof while of English, Hindi, History, Economics, Political at night the inner dome has a central eye in the shape of Science and Foreign Languages.

academy TRIVIA

Academy Sentinel of Sudan FT Red Light Block Height of Steps in front Number Commandant’s Light on top of 9-inch calibre 68 pounder coastal Sudan Block of Sudan of pillars in office in Sudan Sudan Block artillery gun (1837-1901) that could Block Sudan Block Block fire solid iron shots up to 3170 yards

44 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 45 Battalions AND Squadrons

Cadets are organised into five battalions — No 1 Bn, No 2 Bn, No 3 Bn, No 4 Bn and No 5 Bn. The first four battalions comprise four squadrons each while the fifth comprises of two squadrons.

Each squadron has its own nickname, an individual identity with a richly textured history and mascot. They are named Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hunter, India, Juliet, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Panther, Quebec and Romeo. Each squadron is composed of 100 to 120 cadets drawn from all the six Courses under training at the Academy.

Each battalion and squadron is defined by a colour. The squadrons also have their own nicknames, flags and an individual identity with a rich history. The squadron flag is a combination of the battalion and the squadron colours. The flag is diagonally divided into two triangles with the top triangle being the battalion colour and the bottom triangle being the squadron colour.

LEFT: Twelve squadron buildings (A to L) have been named after those The Hunter Indian states which donated approximately `5,00,000 each for Squadron building their construction.

46 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 47 quarter master’s fort

Forming a majestic background to the Academy’s Khetarpal Parade Ground, is the Quarter Master’s Fort. It is the provider of all requirements of a cadet — clothing, equipment/accessories, arms, ration supplies and conservancy services. A cadet begins his life at the Acdemy by drawing stores from the Quarter Master’s Fort and finally passing out from the Academy from the same place.

The Quarter Deck towers in the foreground and keeps constant vigil on cadets undergoing rigours of foot, sword, rifle, cane and ceremonial drill.T he inter-Services character is evident throughout the length and breadth of the 450 x 150 metres ground. It is reflected in the immaculately positioned guns at the entrance and four corners of the tarmac, the two T-55 tanks, two ship models, the towering Quarter Deck mast — 99’ 6 ¾” high — and two aircraft, representing the three Services.

Atop the Quarter Master’s Fort fly the flags of all the squadrons, in left to right sequence of their standing in the Inter-Squadron Overall Championship of the previous term. The champion squadron wears the lanyard on the right shoulder while the rest of the Academy wears it on the left.

48 national defence academy Cradle for leadership 49 TRAINING OF FOREIGN CADETS

Over the years the National Defence Academy academies of Japan, United States, Australia and Libya, Lesotho, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritius, has grown from strength to strength. It has proved Thailand, besides others. Even the number of Nepal, Nigeria, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, to be a global centre of excellence for military foreign cadets trained at the NDA has increased. Rwanda, Seychelles, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sudan, training and its interactions with foreign military Today, the Academy has the distinction of having Tanzania, Tonga, Tajikistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan academies have increased manifold. There have trained more than 800 cadets from 30 countries and Vietnam. At present, 90 foreign cadets from 15 been several exchange programmes between — Afghanistan, Bhutan, Ethiopia, Fiji, Ghana, countries are undergoing training at the National the Academy’s cadets and those of the military Iran, Iraq, Kenya, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Defence Academy.

Afghanistan bhutan ethiopia fiji ghana

iran iraq kazakhstan kenya kyrgYZStan

libya lesotho malaysia maldives mauritius

nepal nigeria palestine papua new guinea rwanda

seychelles singapore sri lanka sudan Tajikistan

tanzania tonga uganda Uzbekistan vietnam

facing page: The flags of countries of cadets trained at the NDA as seen upwards from the central foyer of Sudan Block

Cradle of leadership 51 life inside a Squadron

The ground floor of each squadron building consists of an elegantly furnished anteroom, billiards room, table tennis facility, a library and a built-in aquarium. Cabins for the cadets measure approximately 110 sq feet and are fully furnished with Venetian blinds, French windows, banister, writing tables with bookcases and cupboards- cum-chest of drawers.

A cadet abides by ten commandments that were framed by Vice Admiral M P Awati, the then Commandant.

THE CADET’S COMMANDMENTS Keeping the nation’s honour and interest first. Upholding the traditions of the three Services and keeping the Trishul always bright and strong. Upholding the Academy’s reputation through one’s conduct,bearing and manner. Expressing loyalty to each other. Following the harder right than the easier wrong. Obeying all orders at once. Making punctuality second nature. academy TRIVIA Working without supervision. Academy Keeping oneself physically fit, mentally alert and Disgust 9 144 52½ 23½ Alpha-27 morally upright. Cabin Number of Number of Front Rolls: Front Rolls: Cabin with cross Learning to conduct oneself as a gentleman. cupboard bathrooms in tiles in a cabin Length Length of flanks tiles a squadron of corridors

52 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 53 DRESS NO 1/1A DRESS NO 2/2A DRESS 2B DRESS NO 3 DRESS NO 4 DRESS NO 5/5A DRESS NO 6/6A DRESS NO 7/7A DRESS NO 8/8A DRESS NO 9/9A Ceremonial games dress Dress used for Dress used for Mess semi-formal dress Drill order used Working dress worn for Walking out dress Mufti dress worn for Combat dress worn Dress worn for Dress worn for ceremonial functions ceremonial functions in used for ceremonial for drill in summer academic classes worn after retreat in Habibullah functions, for field training equitation training PT in summer Worn during in winter, also known summer, also known mess functions in (worn with jersey in summer (worn with summer and at dinners Liberty and Gole (worn with jersey in (with jersey in winter) (with jersey in winter and ceremonial games as Blue Patrol as White Patrol summer in winter) jersey in winter) (worn with jersey Market (worn with winter) known as Green Patrol) occasions (with blazers in winter) blazers in winter) in winter)

cadet appointment cadet appointment tabs tabs worn on shoulders Academy Cadet Academy Cadet Battalion Cadet Battalion Cadet Squadron Cadet Division Cadet Cadet Sergeant Major Cadet Quarter Sergeant Flag Corporal Corporal Captain Adjutant Captain Adjutant Captain Captain (worn on right wrist) Master Sergeant (worn on right arm) (worn on right arm) (worn on right arm) (worn on right arm)

54 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 55 THE NDA BIKE

At the start of the term, each cadet is given a bicycle to get around the campus for training activities. Maintained by the Military Transport Pool, the bicycles are numbered with the first letter of the name of the squadron and number sequenced 1 (one) onwards. When riding in the campus, cadets are required to move in an organised squad of a minimum of four cadets. Known in Academy parlance as The Garland, the bike spends more time on a cadet’s shoulders (in the form of punishment) than the cadet spends riding it.

ACADEMY TRIVIA

Academy K-100 F-16 K-2 garland Heaviest bike Fastest bike Highest bike NDA Bike (Kilo Sqn (Foxtrot Sqn (Kilo Sqn bike no. 100) bike no. 16) bike no. 02)

56 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 57 THE HORN OF PLENTY

Belgian glass doors depicting the mythological in the world and one of the exclusive symbols of Horn of Plenty extends a tempting welcome solidarity and jointmanship. into the central Cadets’ Mess. An important landmark of the NDA, it promotes bonhomie and The architectural grace of Cadets’ Mess is a camaraderie. The concept of the single mess aims perfect blend of artistic beauty and magnificent at promoting joint Services togetherness. It is craftsmanship in the Peshwa style. Construction a home away from home, where young cadets work on this historical mess started in 1949 and break bread together and develop a stronger completed in 1954 under the vigilant supervision esprit-de-corps. of W X Mascerenhas, the then Principal, College of Engineering, Poona. Housed within an area of 145.2 x 28.4 metres, the mess has a large dining hall with a seating capacity It started functioning in 1955 and the first for 2,100, three dedicated kitchens and a fully official dinner was hosted in honour of functional bakery. Its inner walls are aesthetically Shri Morarji Desai, the then Chief Minister of decorated with mounted swords, pistols, flags, erstwhile Bombay State. The dignitaries who have portraits and paintings while the central section graced the mess on different occasions include of the hall has a large dance floor and beautiful Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Marshal reliefs of famous dancers from India and abroad N A Bulganin, N S Khurushchev, Chou En Lai, sculpted on Burmese teak panels by artists of Gaffar Mohammed Nimeri, Mahavajilalongkorn, Mumbai’s J J School of Arts. Extended on both Shri Rajendra Prasad, Shri Sanjeeva Reddy, Shri sides as the West Wing and the East Wing in 1999 A P J Abdul Kalam, Shrimati Pratibha Patil, Pandit and 2000 respectively, it is the third largest mess Jawaharlal Nehru and Shrimati Indira Gandhi.

58 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 59 STORY OF A STRANGE TRADITION

At the entrance of the Cadets’ Mess, a chair leans against an empty table laid out for one. It is a mark of respect in memory of those alumni of the Academy who are listed as Missing in Action or been taken Prisoners of War. It signifies hope that they will return one day.

The placard on the table says: “The table set is small, for one, symbolising the frailty of one prisoner against his oppressors. The single rose displayed in a vase reminds us of the families and loved ones of our comrades-in-arms who keep their faith awaiting their return. The red ribbon tied so prominently on the vase is reminiscent of the red ribbon worn upon the lapel and breasts of thousands who bear witness to their unyielding determination to demand a proper accounting of our missing. The candle is unlit, symbolising the upward reach of their unconquerable spirit. The slice of lemon is on the bread plate, to remind us of the bitter fate. There is salt upon the bread plate – symbolic of the families’ tears as they wait. ACADEMY TRIVIA The glass is inverted, they cannot toast with us this night. Menus of some The chair – it is empty. They are not here. Banana Clock in Table Originates Originates of the dinners Remember! All of you who served with them and called them comrades, who depended Academy fruit Cadets’ Cloth 10 252 in Belgium in Burma hosted for Mess in Mess Steps in front of Number of bulbs Glass used in Wood used in dignitaries on upon their might and aid, and relied upon them, for surely, they have not forsaken you. Academy time Academy Cadets’ Mess in Cadets’ Mess Cadets’ Mess Cadets’ Mess display at the Remember them until the day they come home...” bomb napkin Cadets’ Mess

60 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 61 the essentials

62 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 63 A CADET’S essentials The Honour Code, the Cadet’s Pledge and the Academy Prayer are the three fundamental guides for a cadet at the NDA.

cadet of the National Defence Academy Academy Honour Code and the Cadet’s Pledge code of conduct that clearly spells out the right Aabides by its motto, Seva Parmo Dharma at the Habibullah Hall. During a cadet’s stay at and the wrong. (Service before Self). the Academy, he reminds himself of his pledge to the nation by reciting the Academy Prayer at the The NDA Honour Code was thus promulgated His initiation into the Academy requires him start of each day. in March 1998 by Admiral Arun Prakash, the to pledge himself to the nation which is done then Commandant. It sees the cadet through his under the aegis of the Adjutant at the Hut of Cadets who enter the National Defence Academy basic training and even thereafter in life. Remembrance, the sanctum sanctorum of the come from every walk of life and social strata. NDA. The Hut serves as a constant reminder to Each one is highly motivated and copes well with Cadets dedicate themselves to the nation, TOP AND RIGHT: the cadets of the lofty traditions of valour, courage the demanding and intensive curriculum. with the Honour Code guiding their conduct. The original Academy routine order which brought into force the Academy Honour Code — taken from and sacrifice of their predecessors. The Code embodies a tradition and a rallying the collection of Admiral Arun Prakash, the then However, since the cadets are young and point, ensuring an openess to enhancing one’s Commandant Before the start of every term, the Adjutant impressionable, it is also essential that they imbibe character and being guided by one’s peers in the LEFT: The President’s Colours, the highest honour narrates to the cadets the importance of the the right principles and are guided by a tangible right direction. bestowed on the NDA by the nation, being carried by the Nishaan Toli

64 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 65 ACADEMY prayer

O God, help us to keep ourselves physically strong, mentally awake and morally straight, that in doing our duty to Thee and our country we may keep the honour of the Services untarnished.

Strengthen us to guard our country from external aggression and internal disorders. Awaken our admiration for honest dealing and clean thinking and guide us to choose the harder right instead of the easier wrong.

Kindle our hearts with fellowship for our comrades at arms and with loyalty to the men we command. Endow us with the courage which is born of the love of what is noble and which knows no compromise or retreat when truth and right are in peril.

Grant us new opportunities of service to Thee, to our country and to the men we lead and ever help us to place such service before self.

ACADEMY HONOUR CODE

I believe that a cadet must be loyal, truthful, trustworthy, honest and forthright under all circumstances. I will not lie, cheat or steal, nor will I mislead or deceive anyone. A morning squadron muster where the SCC directs a cadet to recite the I undertake to faithfully live up to this code and to continuously encourage my comrades to do so. Academy Prayer and Honour Code for the rest of the squadron to follow

Cradle of leadership 67 Habibullah Hall

Habibullah Hall is an impressive double-storeyed Spread over 18,000 sq feet, the building also houses auditorium. When seen from air, the building the country’s largest Inter-Services Museum, resembles an aircraft. Constructed in 1959, it segmented into four large galleries and halls. has a seating capacity of over 1,700 people and Displaying 16,000 rare exhibits, the museum is a plays hosts to various events such as lectures, veritable treasure house of antique memorabilia, presentations, musical evenings, debates, quiz archives and relics. competitions, entertainment programmes, weekly Hindi and English movies and more. Among its prized possessions are Mussolini’s dagger captured by Indian troops during World Also, it is here that the momentous Convocation War II, a sapphire-studded silver plaque, original Ceremony is held and made glorious by its Stone Age weapons, captured Pakistani and state-of-the-art external and internal aesthetics, Portuguese flags and Uzi sub-machine guns. facilities, stage equipment and acoustic system.

RIGHT: The Habibullah Hall where ACADEMY TRIVIA the Adjutant addresses the Academy each cockpit Major General term on the Shape of E Habibullah importance of Habibullah First Commandant of the Academy Hall NDA Honour Code

68 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 69 the cadet’s pledge

I dedicate myself to the task of upholding the ideals that have gone into the making of this great institution of which I am a proud member.

I reiterate my firm commitment to the values and virtues that form the very basis of the corps of cadets and also the Armed Forces of India.

I promise to be fully dedicated to all aspects of my training here and also to adhere, at all times, to a code of conduct befitting my future role as an officer and a gentleman in the service of the nation. To that end, I shall not lie, cheat or steal and it will be my

earnest endeavour to be sincere, hardworking and scrupulously fair. CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: Ist term cadets I earnestly pray that I may not falter in the pursuit of my goal and, taking the pledge; Saluting the in moments of doubt, be guided by my illustrious predecessors martyrs; Shaheedon Ko Salaami - Salaami whose example shall be my beacon. Shastra; Shok Shastra

Cradle of leadership 71 hut of remembrance

The Hut of Remembrance is a sublime cenotaph that commemorates the sacrifices of all those who have laid down their lives for their motherland. It enshrines the memory of Indian soldiers who died in World War II and post-Independence operations in Jammu & Kashmir as well as ex- NDA officers who laid down their lives in various combat operations and cadets who died while training at the Academy.

Situated on a scenic hill slope, west of the Sudan Block, the memorial was built with shramdaan by cadets from the 10th to the 17th Courses between January 1956 and May 1957. Made of local grey The Silent Eulogy basalt and Mangalore tiles, it was inaugurated on “Merciful God, we earnestly pray that 01 June, 1957 by General K S Thimmaya, the those of us who are yet to be tested and then Chief of Army Staff. It was later extended shaped in the forge of the battle may, when the call comes, be capable of the to inscribe the names of martyred heroes. The same devotion, courage and determination garden around the hut was landscaped in 1992 to in the service of our country as those of our complement the serenity and inspirational aura of comrades-at-arms, whom we remember the shrine. today in this Hut of Remembrance. Let their noble example guide us to emulate During NDA Day celebrations on 16 January, the them in their integrity and may their cadets pay homage to the martyred heroes. The inspiration help us in the moments of passing out cadets also assemble here after the our greatest peril, to triumph over our Antim Pag to pay their respects and seek blessings. shortcomings and weaknesses.”

72 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 73 the training monday tuesday wednesday thursday friday saturday sunday

      D-5 D-6 D-4

28 29 30 01 02 03 June June June July July July Arrival of IInd to Term Commences (1st Cycle Commences) Academy Kit Muster (1/2) Comdt’s Opening Address Cross Country Practice Run (1/6) Making of officers VIth Term Cdts Adm Day Orientation Capsule for Ist Club Activities Commence Term Cdts Commences Issue of Bicycles/Kit/Thin Openinig of Bank Accts and gentlemen Clients st Term Cdts Sqn Jump-No 1 Bn for I PD Trg’s Conf with OA The training at NDA inculcates Clubs (1/2) in cadets qualities of leadership Lec on Honour Code and a drive to excel. It also fosters        an environment of a spirited and D-1 D-7 D-8 D-2 D-9 D-3 happy Team NDA.

04 05 06 07 08 09 10 July July July July July July July Sqn Jump-No 2 Bn Sqn Jump-No 3 Bn Holiday Sqn Jump-No 4 & 5 Bn Lec/Demo on Tent & Lec/Demo on Tent & Cross Country bivouac pitching - IInd Term bivouac pitching - IVth Term Practice Run (2/6) Opening of Bank Accts Opening of Bank Accts for (Id ul Fitr) Opening of Bank Accts cadet is transformed into officer material and cadet, a term consists of 22 weeks of training that is a Joint Training Team (JTT) to oversee the joint for Ist Term Cdts Ist Term Cdts for Ist Term Cdts Inter Bn Swimming, Club Activities - (2/28) A a gentleman over the three years that he trains is covered in eight cycles of 13 ‘D’ days each — training aspects of the curriculum of the Academy Diving & Water Polo (1/6) Inter Bn Swimming, at the National Defence Academy. The training utilised for outdoor training as well as academic and the Physical Training and Equitation Training Screening of Ist Term Cdts Diving & Water Polo (2/6) equips him with mental, moral and physical classes. This adds to 104 contact days in a term teams which are responsible for training in these in PT / Swimming / Games Screening of Ist Term attributes to cope with battlefield challenges as mandated by the Jawaharlal Nehru University two aspects. The Education Branch, headed (1/4) Cdts in PT / Swimming / and lead troops to victory in conventional, non- (JNU) which awards the cadet with a Bachelor’s by the Principal, is responsible for academics. Games (2/4) conventional and asymmetrical conflicts. The degree. The training branch, headed by the On successful completion of the course, Army three-year course is split into six terms during Principal Director Training, is the nerve centre cadets proceed to the Indian Military Academy        which a cadet learns science, technology, arts and of all military and outdoor training matters of at Dehradun, Naval cadets to the Indian Naval D-10 D-11 D-12 D-13 D-2 D-1 military subjects. Each term, his training regimen the Academy. It comprises of six training teams. Academy at Ezhimala and Air Force cadets to 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 includes physical conditioning such as drill, Besides the three Services which have their the Air Force Academy at Dundigal, Hyderabad. July July July July July July July physical training, swimming and horse riding respective training teams — the Army Training After completion of one year of training at their Inter Bn Swimming, Inter Bn Swimming, Inter Bn Swimming, Inter Bn Swimming, (2nd Cycle Commences) Sinhgarh Hike – Ist Term Cdts Cross Country according to the approved syllabus and an entire Team (ATT), the Naval Training Team (NTT) respective academies, they are commissioned as Diving & Water Polo (3/6) Diving & Water Polo (4/6) Diving & Water Polo (5/6) Diving & Water Polo Practice Run (3/6) Club Activities - (4/28) Black & White Demo on gamut of games and adventure activities. For a and the Air Force Training Team (AFTT), there officers into their respective Services. - Finals Screening of Ist Term Screening of Ist Term Club Activities - 3/28) Inter Sqn Public Hack Ride (1/4) Inter Bn Squash (1/5) Cdts in PT / Swimming / Cdts in PT / Swimming / Speaking Comptt Compulsory Motivational facing page: An extract from the Outline Calendar for the 2016 Autumn Term Games (3/4) Games (4/4) Comdt’s Tea with Movie Inter Sqn Boxing Proficient & Ist Term Dinner Night (1/3) (Weigh-in) Friendly Foreign Cdts (1/2) Cradle of leadership 77 Sky Gazing - IVth Term academics

J T M Gibson, the first Principal, was instrumental The curriculum is well-rounded and supported in establishing and implementing academic by modern libraries and laboratories. The first training at the Joint Services Wing. In fact, two-year course syllabus for the JSW, drawn academic excellence is a prerequisite to maintain up by the National War Academy Syllabus and an edge and commandeer men in the years to Establishment Committee in 1948, fixed the come. The academic instructions at the Academy ratio of academic subjects to Service subjects as are imparted by qualified civilian andS ervice 2:1. It was equivalent to Intermediate Science of a instructors, headed by the Principal. majority of Indian universities.

FAR LEFT: Manoj Pandey Block, named in honour of Captain Manoj Pandey, PVC, an alumnus of the 90th Course LEFT: The Rakesh ACADEMY TRIVIA Sharma Block, named after Wg Cdr Rakesh Machine Academy Big Ben Academy NDA Library Academy Sharma, AC, Gun Mirror 110-ft high Pen Named after T N question India’s first Shape of the Floor of the clock tower in Reynolds Vyas, NDA Principal Which is the cosmonaut and Manoj Pandey Manoj Pandey Manoj Pandey from 1953 to 1968 next LH? an alumnus of Block Block Block the 35th Course

78 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 79 From time to time, thereafter, it underwent Chemistry and Basic Engineering departments, modifications until finally, in August 1973, a classrooms, laboratories, workshops and the milestone was achieved when it was degree-linked boxing ring. and affiliated to the prestigious JawaharlalN ehru University, New Delhi. Considering the growing complexities of present day warfare, the academic syllabi have been The present syllabus constitutes three categories of updated and further enriched with Defence Courses — the Compulsory Course, the Optional Application Courses. Computer education at the Course and the Foundation Course. Cadets of Academy began in 1987 and came of age when the Science and Humanities streams study their the first batch of 25 cadets of the 97th Course respective compulsory subjects while Optional graduated with a B.Sc degree in Computer Course subjects are taken up in the Vth and VIth Science in December 1999. terms and cater to the requirements of individual Services. The Foundation Course comprises The Chiefs of Staff Committee has approved the Military Studies where Military History, introduction of B.Tech for NDA cadets from Geography, Weapons and Armaments are taught 16 April, 2016, to be commenced in a phased while General Studies cover Environmental manner from July 2016. This is a quantum leap Science, Geopolitics, Human Rights and Law of towards enhancement of academic threshold for Armed Conflict. cadets.

Foreign languages are taught to cadets who are The NDA takes into consideration the need to proficient in Hindi and a cadet can choose from develop a cadet’s personality into that of a soldier- amongst Arabic, Chinese, French and Russian. scholar. Thus it has always promoted technology-

oriented and innovative learning processes to hone TOP and Above: Mathematics, Geography and Computer Science a cadet’s skills and help him develop lateral thinking. Cadets at the Physics lab and the Computer lab are taught at the Rakesh Sharma Block while The aim is to sharpen a cadet’s analytical abilities FACING PAGE: the Manoj Pandey Block houses the Physics, so that he can take well-informed decisions. Basic Engineering class

80 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 81 Crucible of Discipline

Drill is the bedrock of discipline at the National Defence Academy. It teaches implicit obedience to orders and grooms a cadet into a perfectly turned-out officer with an impressive military bearing, an erect posture and a smart gait. It inculcates esprit-de-corps in a cadet and helps him develop effective command and control on troops, both in war and peace.

82 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 83 The Drill Square is, in fact, metaphorically academic tests, but the much loved and loathed compared to a potter’s yard where clay of various Drill Square Test or DST. hues and textures are treated and finally shaped into a homogenised work of art. Meticulous Passing this test entitles a cadet to the two Ls tutelage is provided by drill instructors, considered that he craves for — the Maroon Lanyard and the best in the Armed Forces. Liberty (the privilege of going on day-out pass to Pune city)! He becomes part of an elite club for The three principles of drill — steadiness, attaining the basic standards of drill, worthy of an smartness and coordination — are drilled into the officer cadet. persona of the cadet through a well-structured FACING PAGE: lesson plan and a cadet imbibes the qualities of Far from being an individual regimen, drill is at Drill ustaads endurance, uniformity, military bearing, pride its best during the Drill Competition every term, demand: Cadet, aisa stamping karega in self, turnout and implicit obedience to orders. during which the winning squadron bags the ki zameen mein Not surprisingly, therefore, the acid test from a most glamourous trophy at the NDA. daraar aayega! cadet’s point of view is not physical training or

ACADEMY TRIVIA

academy 450x150 DRILL ACADEMY ACADEMY Academy Surya phantom metres 1.2 km SQuare 99¾ ft LIMELIGHT FREEZER Namaskar The Adjutant Dimension Perimeter of MAST Height of mast at Horse buried in Drill Bridge between Drill Folded wings of aircraft of Drill Drill Square Belongs to Drill Square Square Square and PTT in Drill Square Square Old INS Delhi

84 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 85 PHYSICAL TRAINING

It is physical fitness that enables a soldier to A compulsory programme, it is rigorous and march into the valley of death, a sailor to sail continues throughout from the Ist to the the formidable high seas and an air warrior to VIth term of the cadet. The programmes are soar into alien skies. Physical training is thus an implemented through scientific techniques important aspect of outdoor training and the aim in a phased and progressive manner. The of the Physical Training Team (PTT) is to build comprehensive PT regimen ensures that young up the stamina, endurance and agility of a cadet. It boys from civvy street are transformed into is designed to allow each cadet to achieve excellent physically and physiologically fit cadets by the physical fitness and adequate proficiency in sports. time they graduate from the Academy.

86 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 87 THIS PAGE AND FACING: Shauk aur Josh, the essentials to excel at the PT fields

88 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 89 swimming

Swimming is a basic survival skill and the swimming training at the Academy is designed to reduce fear of water, instil self-confidence and develop the ability to survive in aquatic environments. Besides its numerous health benefits, swimming also has many psychological benefits. A swim session at the pool can relax a cadet’s mind and uplift his spirits. He achieves endurance and learns to be a team player — skills that are critical in the Armed Forces.

An NDA cadet is required compulsorily to pass the 200m freestyle and the 10m jump to graduate. The Academy has two full Olympic size swimming pools, with the third one coming up in the near future.

FACING PAGE: A cadet hones his swim strokes LEFT: The 10m jump also known as the Academy Waterloo

90 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 91 Equitation Training

Equitation training is emphasised in military to pass the requisite tests. It involves theory academies across the world. Horsemanship classes, practical training and exposure to various is a time-tested skill that teaches humility, disciplines of equestrian events and adventures. relationships, perseverance and courage — A cadet learns basic riding skills and is exposed qualities essential to become military leaders. to polo, show jumping, dressage and more, to enhance his understanding of equestrian nuances. The aim of the Equitation Training Team (ETT) From the IIIrd to the VIth terms, cadets actively at the NDA is to impart preliminary training and participate in the Riding and Polo Club where knowledge about animal management to enhance they are taught to ride for long durations without the physical, mental and emotional abilities of a causing fatigue to the horses. The Inter Battalion cadet. It helps a cadet to develop balance and Polo and Spurs finals are conducted every term to improve coordination, patience, discipline and give adequate exposure to the cadets in equestrian self-confidence. As he tries to control an animal discipline. that can think on its own, a cadet becomes mentally alert. Gradually, he understands the emotions of The ETT has always been at the forefront, the animal and learns to be compassionate. He motivating cadets to participate in various thus becomes a better rider and a smarter, agile competitions at the national and international and compassionate officer. level. Arjuna Awards and medals won by a

number of ex-NDA officers in this sport bears CLOCKWISE Equitation training is imparted from the IInd to testimony to the high equestrian skills imparted FROM RIGHT: Shabash ghoda, the IVth terms and is mandatory for all cadets at the Academy. ek, ek, do - IInd termers learning to trot; Lane jumping test - clearing the final hurdle; Spurs test - pursuing excellence

92 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 93 Sports AS a way of life

The Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing fields of Eton. – Arthur Wellesly, Duke of Wellington

The character built on the playing fields at NDA has contributed in no small measure to the fact that its alumni have, time and again, earned glory on the battlefield.

At the Academy, sports is not limited to team events; excellence in individual sports is also encouraged. Cadets are encouraged to take up karate, boxing, squash, tennis, yoga, basketball, volleyball, hockey, football, athletics and swimming for those with the right skills and aptitude.

A cadet is encouraged to participate in at least one sport each term and cannot graduate unless he learns the rudiments of at least two games which will enable him to play with his troops. Cadets who excel in various physical activities and sports are awarded with proficiencies in the order of Merit Card, Half Blue, Blue and a Blazer.

94 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 95 96 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 97 INTER-SQUADRON CRoss COUNTRY

Of all forms of sports at the NDA, there is nothing superior to cross country running. It is without half times, timeouts or substitutions and is a great way to make one strong, develop endurance and progress one’s training. Undulating terrain means that one uses more muscles than in any other type of running, ultimately making one stronger and faster. But the benefits are not just physical since cross country running can also clear the mind. Training or racing over natural terrain and open air courses enables runners to experience nature and break from monotony which can improve judgement and toughen mental aptitude.

Cross country running can be both individual and team races; the emphasis is as much on conquering the course as in beating other runners. Cross country at NDA encourages team spirit. Since the slowest runner is just as important as the fastest runner, success depends on the whole squadron and a strong sense of team spirit develops.

The cross country route of 12.5 kilometres at the Academy passes through woodlands and open country, hills, flat ground and even gravel road. Runners are judged on individual times and squadrons by a points-scoring method. It is the only sports competition held in both the terms at the NDA. There is nothing quite like the feeling of lifting the Glider, the coveted trophy awarded to the cross country champion squadron, while alumni cheer their respective squadrons.

98 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 99 100 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 101 Joint Training

A cadet learns the ethos of jointmanship which enables him to shoulder responsibilities in a joint warfare environment.

he Joint Training Team (JTT), drawn up long orientation capsule for newly-inducted Tfrom officers of each Service, imparts quality Ist term cadets. It also imparts knowledge of instruction to enable cadets to appreciate and tri-Service nature such as basic map reading, imbibe the functioning of each Service and the navigation and weapon training. The syllabus has jointness between the three Services. been designed to build the knowledge of a cadet on the three Services. The aim of the Joint Training Team is to initiate cadets into the military environment by teaching Two camps — Greenhorn and Rovers — held them customs, etiquette and traditions of the during the IInd and IVth terms respectively, are Armed Forces. The training team is responsible conducted by the JTT. Camp Greenhorn marks for the common Service training of NDA cadets the transformation of a cadet from a ‘greenhorn’ st th nd FACING PAGE: from the I to the VI terms. It conducts both to a seasoned II termer who is ready to be An cadet learns theoretical and practical training in psychological trained in all aspects whereas Camp Rovers is one snake handling during Camp development, character building and leadership of the toughest military camps for the age group Rovers development. The team conducts a four-week- and the stage of training.

102 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 103 FACING PAGE: Obstacle race after the Josh Run, Camp Rovers THIS PAGE CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: Bivouac pitching competition during Camp Rovers; Map reading class for ACADEMY TRIVIA IInd termers; IVth termers being briefed prior to Camp Camp Rover Mini Josh run; Greenhorn The most difficult Tug of war during Birth of a cadet in rite of passage in the Camp Greenhorn the Academy making of men

104 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 105 ARMY training

A cadet is forged into a confident and competent leader, capable of leading men to victory in battles.

he mission of the Army Training Team and graduated manner, with lectures and T(ATT) is to train Army cadets to be proficient demonstrations following tutorial discussions to in section-level tactics and basic soldierly skills, so reinforce the theoritical aspects. Outdoor tactical that they can lead a section, as part of a platoon, exercises are, thereafter, conducted to enable in battle. The training is in consonance with the guided application of tactical skills on ground by changing requirements of a modern battlefield. An the cadets. Proficiency of the cadets in section level innovative and contemporary approach towards tactics, involving major and minor operations of cadet training has been adopted. war, is finally evaluated and validated through the gruelling 10-day Camp Torna. Service training for Army cadets, also known th FACING PAGE: as Pongos, commences from the V term and Weapon training, especially firing, forms a Honing bayonet includes tactics, weapon training, map reading, major part of an Army cadet’s training at the fighting skills field engineering and radio telephony.T he at the Weapon NDA. The cadet undergoes the complete Army Training Area training has been structured in a progressive Range Course for 5.56mm INSAS Rifle and

106 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 107 5.56mm INSAS Light Machine Gun and in the end acquires a high standard of marksmanship. Availability of 500m and 200m Long Ranges within the Academy allows uninterrupted firing.

Map reading constitutes an important part of all operations of war and extensive outdoor navigation exercises are conducted to instil lasting confidence in the cadets to navigate all kinds of RIGHt TOP and terrain and weather conditions. Bottom: Hand to hand combat being Apart from conventional military training, cadets practised during are encouraged to remain aware of situations vis- Exercise Fateh; Fire and Move à-vis our geographical neighbours. drill being practised at the Tactical The Army Training Team conducts weapon Training Area training and firing for cadets of all three Services, FACING PAGE: besides training them on tactical aspects during A cadet appointment Camp Torna. The Academy Shooting Team that giving section has been consistently winning laurels at state and commander orders for national level competitions has been trained under defence during the strict supervision of the ATT. Exercise Raksha

108 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 109 FACING PAGE: Negotiating the Assault Obstacle Course in Exercise Hamla after the termination of Josh Run of Camp Torna THIS PAGE CLOCKWISE FROM TOP: Application fire in progress at the Long Range; Cadets being trained on the variations of stalking by stealth; Cadets practise camouflage and concealment during outdoor exercise

110 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 111 Cadets undertake patrolling during Exercise Talaash Ghaat which is conducted over two days to teach cadets to plan and conduct aggressive tactical operations in enemy territory even whilst gaining information with stealth naval TRAINING

A cadet is introduced to the basics of seamanship and navigation, inculcates a flair for watermanship and gains his sea legs.

he Naval cadets at the NDA are trained bridge, operations room and a helo deck has Tby the Naval Training Team (NTT), actual equipment from decommissioned ships to with theoretical classes being conducted in the provide a realistic ship environment for budding NTT classrooms and practical classes at the officers. Watermanship Training Centre at Peacock Bay. A major shift has occurred in naval training over the The cadets are imparted the basics of General last decade, with greater emphasis being given to Navigation, General Seamanship, Rules of the practical training. Infrastructure has been created, Road and Communication in the Vth term and FACING PAGE: including a stone frigate TS Ronnie Periera, and made to practice them in the VIth term. They are A VIth term Naval cadet carrying out the duties Ship Handling Simulator to expose cadets to a put through a simulated day at sea at the TS Ronnie of Officer of the Watch maritime environment. Training at Ronnie Periera, Periera and Ship Handling Simulator prior to Ex- while entering Mumbai harbour at the Ship a scaled model of a ship, helps a Naval cadet to get Varuna, to enable them to derive better training Handling Simulator a feel of life at sea. The ship with a full-fledged value from the sea sortie on board the fleet ships.

11 4 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 11 5 LEFT: th The cadets during the VI term are exposed not Whaler sailing only to the duties of the Officer of the Watch but expedition to Mandovi Gaon also those carried out by a ship’s duty watch. bottom: A view of In the IIIrd term, an orientation visit to a naval base Peacock Bay is a part of the curriculum to showcase various capabilities of the Indian Navy. During the Vth term, a visit to the Nuclear Biological Chemical Damage Control (NBCD) School at Lonavala is conducted to provide hands-on experience in firefighting and flooding.

The VIth term cadets are put through two sea sorties to gain their ‘sea legs’. Additionally, a cadet is also encouraged to develop reading habits and submit a study on naval war campaign.

During his Vth and VIth terms, a Naval cadet becomes part of the Watermanship Club and is taught the basics of yachting and sail training. A Yachting Association of India course with a Level III certification is conducted for all cadets as an essential part of the training curriculum.

11 6 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 11 7 facing page: Boat lowering drill during the simulated Man Overboard exercise CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: Boat handing drill during the simulated Man Overboard exercise; Cadets practising gangway ceremonial procedures at TS Ronnie Periera; Conning orders and Quarter Master duties being exercised on the bridge of TS Ronnie Periera

11 8 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 11 9 LEFT TO RIGHT: Cadets entering an enclosed compartment for firefighting; Cadets operating major firefighting system to douse simulated fire on helo deck; Instructions being imparted at Peacock Bay during a simulated Day Aboard at Sea

120 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 121 Replenishment at Sea in progress at Peacock Bay. The exercise is carried out to learn seamanship procedures for replenishing ration, water and fuel onboard a ship from a supply ship to undertake extended operations at sea

122 national defence academy air force TRAINING

A cadet learns military piloting and inculcates the aviation sense to make him a competitive air warrior.

he genesis of the Air Force Training Team introductory training on ground to master The AFTT is equipped with a computer enabled T(AFTT) team can be traced to the need for various procedures and be aware of all operating classroom, PC-based flight simulators, metalled better trained aircrew in today’s Jet Age. The team systems before progressing to actual flying on runway, air traffic control, servicing facilities inculcates aviation sense in budding air warriors Super Dimona aircraft. Before taking to the skies, for aircraft and an automatic weather station for and grooms them in all aspects related to military budding aviators are thoroughly familiarised with collection of weather data to ensure complete aviation. their machines to give them an insight into the exposure to the cadets. working of the aircraft systems. The ground training syllabus for Air Force cadets has been revised with a substantial increase in Flying training enables cadets to be in line with Service specific training. Air Force cadets start the Air Force ethos. Trainees fly ten sorties as a FACING PAGE: learning aviation related subjects in the Vth term, part of their syllabus. Exposure to flying on Super A cadet honing his flying skills followed by flying training on Austrian-built Dimona aircraft and use of simulators make it in a Super Super Dimona twin-seat powered sailplanes certain that most cadets earn their coveted wings Dimona in the skies above the in the VIth term. Cadets, however, undergo (brevets) at the Air Force Academy. NDA

124 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 125 CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: A cadet set for his first flying experience; A Know your Aircraft class at Glider Dome; A cadet prepares for a sortie FACING PAGE: Super Dimonas lined up at the AFTT

126 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 127 FAR LEFT: Touch down LEFT: Bidding adieu to the passing out course in the Vixen Break formation

128 national defence academy clubs and hobbies

Club activities at the Academy enhance the personality of cadets while ensuring optimum utilisation of training time.

xtracurricular activities are essential in Not surprisingly then, several NDA alumni have Outdoor Clubs Archery, Automotive, Martial Arts, moulding military leaders. Training at the excelled and won Arjuna and Rajiv Gandhi Khel E Trekking and Rock Climbing, National Defence Academy thus encompasses Ratna awards in the past. Kayaking and Rowing, Paragliding, a large gamut of activities — referred to as club Astronomy, Golf, Aero Modelling, Skeet Shooting, Sailing, Life Saving activities in Academy parlance — whose primary Clubs at the Academy hone organising skills and Skills, Riding and Polo, Hiking, FACING PAGE: Environmental Conservation, Nature objective is to produce men of substance while help a cadet develop a disciplined and inquisitive The Rock and Photography ensuring effective utilisation of leisure time. mind. It stimulates lasting interest in hobbies and Climbing Club cadets preparing pursuits of choice and the varied skills acquired Indoor Clubs for mid-term The role of these clubs goes beyond generation by a cadet during this learning phase stands him Arts, Classical Music, Dancing, hike to Kalsubai Dramatics, Design and Craft, 10m peak at Nashik of interest in extracurricular activities. It is the in good stead throughout his service career. The Air Wpn Shooting, Western Music, singular domain that provides opportunities for Academy has 28 clubs to meet the interests of a Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Literature, Public Speaking and Yoga self-expression through creative use of leisure. cadet. The 11 indoor and 17 outdoor clubs are Excellence in an extracurricular activity is equipped with all essential training aids. However, encouraged and adequate exposure at national very often advanced instructional support is also and international competitions is also accorded. sought from professionals.

130 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 131 CLOCKWISE FROM FAR LEFT: Replicating the ALH at the Aero Arjuna awardEES Modelling Club; Stepping on the riding sailing mountaineering gas at the Go Col H S Sodhi Cdr S Contractor Col Narendra kumar Karting Club; Col R S Brar Cdr S Mongia Lt Col J C Joshi A cadet gives his Maj J S Ahluwalia Cdr F Tarapore Maj P B Singh painting some Capt Adhiraj Singh Lt Cdr P K Garg final touches Capt N S Rajpurohit Cdr H Motiwala polo RIGHT: Wg Cdr I J Lamba Brig V P Singh Wind in the sails Lt Col Bhawani Singh squash Col R S Sodhi — Watermanship Maj G S Puri Capt K S Jain Lt Col K S Garcha Club activity at Col Raj Manchanda Peacock Bay

132 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 133 TOP FROM LEFT to right: A morning hack ride; A cadet learns life saving skills; Cadets of the Dramatics Club during the variety entertainment programme; The Academy Shooting rajiv gandhi khel ratna awardEES Club which has brought many laurels FACING PAGE: sailing shooting Bow, arrow and the cadet — the Cdr H Motiwala Lt Col Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore Archery Club Lt Cdr P K Garg

134 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 135 THIS PAGE AND FACING: The Academy campus is a delightful field for study and appreciation of biodiversity by cadets of the Nature club. These images of flora and fauna have been captured at the NDA campus and none have been morphed

136 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 137 the final steps

138 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 139 THE FINAL STEPS

At the end of three years of intense training, a cadet is filled with pride and nostalgia. He takes the final steps, raring to prove his mettle.

nd of the term has special significance at the The Passing Out Parade marks the completion of as is the happiness and exultation of the cadets and ENational Defence Academy. It is marked by a successful term. Held at the Khetarpal Parade their parents. For VIth term cadets who are passing a kaleidoscope of events such as the NDA Ball, Ground, the unique parade comprises over a out, the moments are tinged with nostalgia, fond Expo-NDA, Tattoo Show, Light and Sound thousand participating cadets who bid farewell to remembrances and anticipation. In the closing Show, Academy Dinner Night and Reviewing their senior colleagues. The Adjutant on his horse moments, the mast at the Quarter Deck, manned Officers’ Lunch, the magnificence of which (Charger) accompanies the passing out cadets by cadets of the juniormost course, cheer on the remains etched in the mind of a cadet forever. to ‘The Final Steps’. A masterly display of drill passing out course as they go past it in a slow movement, synchronised with the accompanying march. At the final step, engulfed by a flood of The Convocation Ceremony, the grand finale band, embed long-lasting memories in participants nostalgia spanning three eventful years, each to three years of academic endeavour, is held at as well as viewers. cadet feels justifiably proud of his achievement. the Habibullah Hall. Prizes are given away to He leaves a young man strong in body and mind, cadets who have distinguished themselves in The Passing Out Parade finally culminates in the confident and assured and proud of values imbibed various academic streams while VIth term cadets grand finale of the slow march, accompanied by here. He is well on his way to achieving the ideals receive the Bachelors degree in Arts, Science or the poignant strains of Auld Lang Syne. The pride of an officer and a gentleman. Computer Science. of trainers, instructors and academicians is visible

facing page: A fly past during the Passing Out Parade of the 129th Course

140 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 141 clockwise from TOP: Commandant addressing the cadets at the Academy Dinner Night, Autumn Term 2015; The NDA Band playing during the Academy Dinner Night; Convocation ceremony of the 128th Course facing page: Cadets showcasing their skills before guests and parents of cadets of 129th course at the PT and Equitation display

142 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 143 ABOVE LEFT AND RIGHT: Shri Manohar Parrikar, Honourable Defence Minister of India, reviewing the Passing Out Parade of the 128th Course; The Adjutant on the Charger during the Passing Out Parade of 129th Course

RIGHT: The champion squadron leads the parade for Autumn Term 2015

144 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 145 ACC orders the parade: Safal cadet chay chay mein baari baari se dheere chaal mein antim pag se guzrega

LEFT: The VIth term cadets turn towards the Quarter Deck to take the Antim Pag

FAR LEFT: The junior cadets turn inwards and proceed to Quarter Master’s Fort

146 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 147 distinguished guests

Over the years, the National Defence Academy has been graced by the presence of distinguished men and women, both from India and abroad, who have gone back with a feel of the Academy’s warm hospitality. Their august presence has left indelible impressions on the institution’s fabric and time and again their advice Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II of England on 21 November, 1983 have motivated young cadets to excel in all their endeavours. Marshal Zhukov, Defence Minister of ertswhile USSR, on 30 January, 1957

His Excellency N A Bulganin, the Prime Minister of erstwhile USSR and N S Khruschev, Secretary Communist Party of USSR, on 25 November, 1955

Shrimati Indira Gandhi, Honourable Prime Minister of India, reviewing the Passing Out Parade of the 51st Course on 11 December, 1976

His Majesty King Mahendra of Nepal at the Cadet’s Mess on 07 October, 1971 Shri Rajendra Prasad, Honourable President of India, The first ‘Sea Lord’ Louis Mountbatten with Lady Edwina His Excellency Chivu Stoica, Prime Minister of speaking at the Cadet’s Mess Mountbatten at the Cadet’s Mess on 19 March, 1956 Romania, being briefed by a cadet at a workshop on 27 September, 1957 on 14 March, 1958

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Honourable Prime Minister of India, with Major General E Habibullah on His Majesty the Shah of Iran (extreme left) at the 01 February, 1957 Cadet’s Mess on 05 March, 1956 Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Honourable Prime Minister of India, with Major General E Dr Zakir Hussain, Honourable President of rd Habibullah, Commandant NDA, India, addressing the cadets of 33 Course as the in June 1955 His Excellency Gaafer Mohammed Nemeri, reviewing officer of the POP on 09 December, 1967 His Excellency Chou En Lai of China reviewing the President of Sudan, on the steps of Sudan Block on th 148 national defence academy 11 Course Passing Out Parade on 01 December, 1956 30 November, 1974 Cradle of leadership 149 Shri Rajiv Gandhi, Honourable Prime His Excellency Shri K Sankaranarayanan, Governor of His Excellency Bethnel Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime Minister Maharashtra, meeting the officers at NDA on 10 August, 2011 of Lesotho, receiving a memento from Commandant, Minister of India, at the Arts Club Gallery NDA on 02 August, 2003 on 31 May, 1985

Field Marshal SHFJ Manekshaw, MC, addressing the cadets at Habibullah Hall on 02 February, 1994 Shri Jaswant Singh, Member of Parliament and NDA alumnus, revisiting his alma mater after 55 years on 21 April, 2011. He likened his visit to a pilgrimage

Shri Devendra Fadnavis, Honourable Chief Minister of Maharashtra, laying a wreath at the Hut of Remembrance on 27 November, 2015

Shri A P J Abdul Kalam, Honourable President of India, laying a wreath at the Hut of Remembrance in 2006 Her Majesty the Queen of Spain in the foyer of Habibullah Hall on 28 January, 1982

His Excellency Major General Kudaiberdiev Abibilla Alymovich, Defence Minister of Kyrgyzstan, at Peacock Bay on 08 September, 2011 His Excellency Schmid, Vice-President of Switzerland, Mr Felipe Jacinto Nyusi, Defence Minister with Commandant, NDA on 01 December, 2004 of Mozambique, on the steps of Sudan Block on 29 June, 2011

Col Gen Viktor Nikolaevich Bondarev, Commander-in-Chief of Russian Air Force, at the Equitation Lines on 18 November, 2014 Lt Gen Angus Campbell, Chief of Dr Shankar Dayal Sharma, Honourable Shrimati Pratibha Devisingh Patil, Australian Army, with Commandant President of India, in the foyer of Sudan Honourable President of India, releasing 150 nationalNDA defence on 14 January, academy 2016 Block on 03 December, 1994 the First Day Cover Cradle of leadership 151 Men of vision at the helm of affairs have been instrumental in shaping the destiny MEn at the helm of this great institution.Their charismatic leadership has shaped the course of history and paved the way for events unborn. We salute the Commandants who have nurtured and preserved this great institution from inception and carried it from strength to strength. In this spread are their portraits along with the dates of taking over the baton.        Rear Admiral Lieutenant General Lieutenant General Air Marshal Vice Admiral Lieutenant General Air Marshal R P Sawhney Sami Khan, PVSM, SM K L K Singh D S Sabhikhi Inderjit Bedi, AVSM S K Jetley, AVSM, SM A S Sethi 01 July, 1982 16 August, 1985 12 December, 1986 29 June, 1988 01 September, 1991 12 October, 1993 25 March, 1995

       Major General Major General Major General Major General Rear Admiral Air Vice Marshal Major General Thakur Mahadeo Singh, K S Thimayya M S Wadalia E Habibullah B A Samson K L Sondhi R Bakshi, MC DSO 13 March, 1950 16 June, 1951 07 January, 1953 27 December, 1958 06 January, 1963 26 September, 1963        01 January, 1949 Air Marshal Vice Admiral Lieutenant General Air Marshal Vice Admiral Lieutenant General Air Marshal Jagbir Singh Rai, Arun Prakash, S B S Kochar, A K Trikha, AVSM, VSM S C S Bangara, A K Chopra, T S Randhawa, VM VM & BAR AVSM, Vr C, VSM PVSM, AVSM 01 April, 2001 PVSM, AVSM PVSM, AVSM 01 December, 2006 01 February, 1996 31 July, 1997 13 April, 1999 31 December, 2002 04 August, 2004

       Air Vice Marshal Rear Admiral Major General Air Vice Marshal Rear Admiral Major General Air Marshal S N Goyal, MBE R N Batra S D Gupta, PVSM M B Naik M P Awati, Vr C R K Jasbir Singh M J Dotiwala 09 August, 1966 19 June, 1968 16 October, 1970 03 January, 1973 08 March, 1976 22 July, 1977 09 July, 1979        Vice Admiral Vice Admiral Lieutenant General Lieutenant General Air Marshal Air Marshal Vice Admiral R K Dhowan, Satish Soni, Jatinder Singh, Ashok Singh, K S Gill, R K S Bhadauria, G Ashok Kumar, AVSM, YSM AVSM, NM AVSM**, SM AVSM, SM, VSM AVSM, YSM, VM AVSM, VM AVSM, VSM 31 December, 2008 22 November, 2009 01 January, 2011 07 August, 2012 01 January, 2013 01 August, 2014 01 April, 2015 Deputy Commandants, also being the Chief Instructors, have been deputy commandants responsible for fusing together a composite team of officers from the three Services as well as those from the academic faculty into one family. Over the decades, they have ensured the overall development of cadets, moulding them into leaders of men and fulfilling the aim of this cradle of leadership. In this spread are their portraits along with the dates of taking over the baton.         Colonel Brigadier Air Commodore Commodore Brigadier Air Commodore Rear Admiral Major General Shivaji D Bhonsle S P S Shrikant, MVC P D Dogra V S Shekhawat, Vr C Chandra Sinhji R N Bhardwaj, N N Anand, AVSM, Shamsher Singh, 21 February, 1975 21 March, 1977 02 January, 1978 08 October, 1979 09 July, 1981 MVC, VM NM MVC 13 January, 1984 20 March, 1986 16 March, 1989

        Colonel Captain (IN) Group Captain Captain (IN) Colonel Colonel Brigadier Brigadier Kamta Prasad R Sawhny R Sitaram J S Mehra K Bharat Singh Mohan Mukund Singh Hoshiar Singh, G M Sayeed 15 December, 1948 20 June, 1950 08 July, 1952 07 November, 1955 28 September, 1958 28 February, 1960 IOM, IDSM 17 November, 1962         11 February, 1961         Major General Air Vice Marshal Rear Admiral Major General Air Vice Marshal Rear Admiral Major General Air Vice Marshal R K Mittal K Khanna, VM M S Bedi, M A Gurbaxani, B K Pandey, VM Pradeep Kaushiva, I A Satur P P Rajkumar, AVSM 01 August, 1990 06 December, 1991 AVSM, VSM AVSM 19 December, 1997 NM 05 October, 2001 10 October, 2002 13 November, 1993 01 January, 1996 07 February, 2000

        Brigadier Air Commodore Colonel Brigadier Colonel Colonel Commodore Colonel K V Lamba, Vr C K S Bhat Hardayal Singh M S Uberoi Ajit Singh H K K Shukla R L Pereira, AVSM Thakur Ramnath 16 July, 1963 23 December, 1963 21 June, 1966 07 July, 1967 21 April, 1968 13 January, 1969 15 January, 1971 Chauthial               16 February, 1973        Air Vice Marshal Rear Admiral Major General Air Vice Marshal Rear Admiral Major General Air Vice Marshal S C Malhan, VM, C S Patham B S Grewal Ajit S Bhonsle, Anand Iyer, VSM Ashok Ambre, S P Wagle, VM VSM & BAR 01 December, 2005 31 December, 2007 AVSM, VSM 01 February, 2012 VSM, SM 01 December, 2015 01 January, 2005 01 January, 2010 01 January, 2014 154 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 155 MEDALS OF HONOUR

Some goals are so worthy its glorious even to fail. — Capt Manoj Kumar Pandey, PVC

The Academy instils in each cadet the essence of the Academy motto of Seva Parmo Dharma and inspires him into acts of valour in the interest of the nation. It is not surprising, therefore, that its alumni have always led from the front, striking terror in enemy hearts and carving out victories                      against all odds. They have, by example, lived CAPT G S SALARIA, 2/LT ARUN KHETRAPAL, CAPT M K PANDEY, MAJ R K JOON, CAPT A S JASROTIA, 2/LT PUNEET DUTT, MAJ SUDHIR KUMAR, the virtues that each cadet needs to epitomise PVC (Posthumous) PVC (Posthumous) PVC (Posthumous) AC (Posthumous), SC AC (Posthumous), SM AC (Posthumous) AC (Posthumous), SM* 10th Course - B Sqn 38th Course - F Sqn 90th Course - M Sqn 78th Course - K Sqn 73rd Course - E Sqn 87th Course - E Sqn 72nd Course - J Sqn to become a true leader. The nation has Congo, 05 December, 1961 Battle of Basantar, Kargil, 02/03 July, 1999 CI Ops, J & K, CI Ops, J & K, CI Ops, J & K, CI Ops, J & K, honoured their acts of bravery and leadership 16 December, 1971 16 September, 1994 15 September, 1995 20 July, 1997 29 August, 1999 with distinguished medals and, time and again, their alma mater takes pride in remembering their acts of valour to rekindle patriotic fervour in each of its cadets.

The number of gallantry awards that NDA alumni have won include: Param Vir Chakra (PVC) 03 Ashok Chakra (AC) 11 Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) 31                      Kirti Chakra (KC) 40 WG CDR RAKESH 2/LT RAKESH SINGH, COL N J NAIR, CAPT HARSHAN R, MAJ DINESH R RAMAN, MAJ S UNNIKRISHNAN, MAJ MOHIT SHARMA, SHARMA, AC AC (Posthumous) AC (Posthumous), KC Vir Chakra (VrC) 160 AC (Posthumous) AC (Posthumous) AC (Posthumous) AC (Posthumous), SM 35th Course - J Sqn 79th Course - B Sqn 38th Course - I Sqn 101st Course - G Sqn 95th Course - N Sqn 94tth Course - O Sqn 95th Course - I Sqn Saurya Chakra (SC) 135 First Cosmonaut of India CI Ops, J & K, CI Ops, Nagaland, CI Ops, J & K, CI Ops, J & K, Operation Black Tornado, CI Ops, J & K, 05 December, 1992 20 December, 1993 20 March, 2007 02 October, 2007 26 November, 2008 21 March, 2009 NDA VISION 2027 introduce an Undergraduate Programme in to Linux System, Enterprise Resource Planning Services. These numbers will be extrapolated Engineering (B Tech) for cadets with the end aim (ERP), upgrade of IT infrastructure and IT from each Service’s PC:SSC ratio, projected for of producing an officer who is B Tech and not a training. the strength of officers in service by 2027. B Tech who is an officer.I ntroduction of B Tech Infrastructure Development Plan: The NDA The identification and availability of suitable was approved by the COSC on 18 April, 2016 was designed for 1250 cadets and a peak load of space for infrastructure development while he NDA was conceived seven decades ago, in various Service specific doctrines. It should Forces will be looking for in the near future. The and the Academy intends to commence the new 1500 cadets. However, the need to increase the maintaining the aesthetic and architectural Tas the cradle of leadership for peak strength give an insight into the expectations from future future officers need to be adept at understanding curriculum for Naval and Air Force cadets from number of cadets has been a constant demand. harmony with the existing infrastructure. of 1500 cadets. However, considering the high warriors and the force levels required. and exploiting such technologies. July 2016. Simultaneously, the syllabi of both Currently, the training infrastructure at NDA Renovation and restoration plan for the six- reputation that NDA had gained over time and Science and Humanities is being assessed de novo, decade-old key monumental structures at NDA. Human Resources: The Armed Forces taps its FUTURE PLANS caters to 1800 cadets. The construction of increase in demand for officers from the three so as to rationalise the number of different degrees manpower from the populace at large and perforce Academic Re-evaluation: It has been two building and allied infrastructure for the 16th In conclusion, the National Defence Academy Services, the Academy has continued to grow in offered at the NDA. In addition, the Academy needs to be sensitive to societal changes that and a half decades since the last major revision Squadron is in progress to accommodate trainee has been in existence for over six and a half every respect — more cadets, more squadrons, also plans to exploit the National Knowledge take place with the passage of time. A growing in academic syllabus was undertaken in 1989 strength of 1920 cadets. The approval in principle decades and has grown in every way, in numbers more buildings, more equipment, more disciplines Network to tap into resources available at military th Battalion has been received from the economy, global interdependence, advanced wherein BSc (Computer Science) was introduced to raise a 5 and in quality, as an esteemed and successful and a more ambitious curricula. In order to cope and academic institutions of repute within the MoD. This, coupled with the completion of the technology and a flourishing private sector now in addition to the updation of BSc and BA joint Services cradle of leadership and as a unique with the expectations from the environment, it country. ongoing construction of the 16th Squadron, will offer unimaginable opportunities to India’s youth. courses. A review of the literature on service educational establishment. There is no doubt that was considered necessary to craft a clear vision for eventually enhance the training capacity from With all the agencies trying to tap the cream, academies abroad and in India such as the TES Harnessing IT: Information Technology is each Service will continue to have a plethora of the future. The earlier vision documents of 2003 1920 to 2400 cadets. Based on the input received talent is at a premium. of Army and INA, indicates deterioration in an extremely dynamic field and theA cademy training centres for various kinds of specialisation. and 2009 (including the Long Term Perspective from Service headquarters, there exists a need to academic standards, bordering on mediocrity. A needs to remain current at all times to harness But there can be only one NDA, the only Joint Plan 2022) were comprehensive and clearly Joint Ops: It is a well-accepted fact now that further increase the number of trainees beyond major change in our approach to academics has its benefits. Future IT efforts will largely relate Academy. There is no plan to change its idea articulated the areas of thrust. The current Vision future wars will need operational synergy between 2400. The modalities for setting up the 6th and now become a necessity to regain the excellence to improvements in back office management or its ethos. On the contrary, there is every 2027 intends to carry forward the impetus, aligned all three Services. This foundation of this synergy 7th Battalions are presently being worked out. achieved in earlier years. The revision must aim in the form of streamlining management effort to strengthen it through the articulation of with Perspective Plans of Headquarters Integrated is laid at the NDA. at making NDA a centre of academic excellence information systems, strengthening centralised The critical issues being addressed, before firming this new vision. Defence Staff. Technology: The Technology Perspective focussed at producing technically competent processing, improving communication networks, up on the infrastructure development roadmap CRYSTAL GAZING and Capability Roadmap, 2013, released by the future leaders and information warriors. To implementing paperless offices and hierarchical for NDA, are: The future of the NDA must be aligned with Ministry of Defence (MoD), provides a glimpse of harness the benefits of technical education for mailing/approval system. The urgent areas to be The number of cadets to be trained at NDA the vision of the three Services, as encapsulated the technologies and capabilities that the Armed future generation of officers it is imperative to addressed include office automation, migration will be based on the requirements of the three

158 national defence academy Cradle of leadership 159 The 129th Course Passing Out Parade being reviewed by the Chief of the Naval Staff. Since inception till date, 36,000 cadets have taken the Antim Pag past the Quarter Deck... And the saga continues...

160 national defence academy

The Inauguration Parade of the Joint Services Wing (JSW) at the Indian Military Academy (then known as the Armed Forces Academy) in Dehradun, on 01 January, 1949.

NATIONAL DEFENCE ACADEMY cradle of leadership