Sys Rev Pharm 2020;11(12):477-483

ATmuhltifaeceteFd roevierwmjournaal itn tihoe fienld ofophafrmHacyomosexual Behavior in South Province (Study on Young Homosexual in City and Bulukumba District)

Andi Asrina1, Sukri Palutturi2*

1Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muslim , Makassar 2Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Keywords:

Homosexuality is emotional, romantic, sexual and affectionate attraction to the CorrespondYeonucneg homosexuals, trauma, environment, economy same sex. Many factors can trigger such behavior, including the influence of Sukri Palutturi the social environment, friendship, past trauma and economic problems. The : objective of this study was to examine the patterns of the homosexual behavior formation in . The research method used was Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar qualitative with a phenomenological approach to explore the patterns of Email: [email protected] homosexual behavior formation in South Sulawesi using observation, in-depth interviews and documentation techniques. There were 5 research informants from Makassar City consisting of 3 young homosexuals, 1 companion as the supporting informant and 1 coordinator as the key informant. Meanwhile, there were 7 informants from Bulukumba District consisting of 4 young homosexuals, 2 companions and 1 partner. The data collected were then analyzed through domain and taxonomic analysis, while the data validity was tested through triangulation. According to the research result, it was found that there were differences on the triggers of being homosexual in Makassar City and Bulukumba District. In Makassar City, the formation of homosexuals was motivated by the influence of the social environment and the love trauma. This is because Makassar City is a city center where the activities of various professions allow the presence of promiscuity. Meanwhile, in Bulukumba District of which the educational background was lower, it was triggered by economic problems, in which people wanted to follow the current lifestyle but did not have the capital so they chose to become homosexual to get money to meet their daily needs. However, homosexuals in these two locations tend to close themselves regarding their sexual orientation in order to be accepted in the outside of their group.

INTRODUCTION

phenomenon revealed that the presence of homosexuals Behavior is formed by the social environment where the cannot be separated from their existence. Homosexuals individual grows and develops. In such social can maintain and even increase their existence because of environment, there is a socialization process to learn the strength of the in-group itself. Homosexuals have value, norms, behavioral pattern and others in the their own playgroup. Such same-sex behavior is formed community including its customs (Asrina, Palutturi, & due to the influence of the social environment such as Andayanie, 2018; Asrina, Palutturi, & Tenri, 2018; Tenri, past trauma and peer conformity, although some are due Asrina, Nafii, Munafi, & Palutturi, 2019). Individuals in a to a tendency to experience same-sex attraction. community cannot be separated from the norms as the (AApcaqrutirfreodmImbmeiunngocoDnesficdieernecdy dSeyvnidarnotm, oen) e of the negative standards of behavior. Norms are binding and guide effects of homos(eHxumalanbeIhmamviuonrodisefitchienscpyrVeiardus)of AIDS people in socializing, so that if there is a behavior that is which is caused not in accordance with the general norms in the by HIV infection due to community, it will be considered as a deviation. the loss of immunity so that a person is prone to According to Kartono (2014), deviation is defined as contracting infectious diseases that lead to death (Adam, behavior that deviates from the central tendency or the Badwi, & Palutturi, 2019; Suswani, Arsin, Amiruddin, average typical characteristics of most people in a Syafar, & Palutturi, 2018; Verma & Collumbien, 2004; population. One of the deviant behaviors in community is White & Carr, 2005). homosexual behavior. Homosexuals or same-sex Homosexual is not only in the big cities but has spread to enthusiasts, in this case men and men, have a desire for the regions (Azizah, 2013; Lestari, 2012). Likewise, the fellow men. Their existence cannot be accepted yet by the occurrence in South Sulawesi in which the number of community because they are considered as a disgrace, homosexual behaviors increases even though there is no shame and can cause disease which then leads to definite data on the number of same-sex enthusiasts. discrimination. However, based on the data from the health office, there Although they are not accepted by the community, their has been an increase in the number of transgenders, gay existence cannot be denied, even recently they are no and male sex who suffered from HIV in Makassar City and longer hiding themselves like before. Homosexuals form other areas. Likewise, with the existence of homosexuals special communities and special online media which which becoming more showing themselves with the facilitates the communication between them. Research existence of sheltering communities and the existence of c4o7n7ducted by Gesti Lestari (2012) regardiSnygshteomaotsiecxRuaelviews in sPehxauraml raeclyations practices among them.

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Focus Group Discussion In addition to Makassar as the highest city with HIV/AIDS data obtained through observation, in-depth interview, in South Sulawesi, Bulukumba is the third highest district documentation and (FGD). The after ParePare City. Based on the preliminary data, it was source of the data in this research for Makassar City is the found that in addition to the existence of tourist key informant who is the community leader who houses destinations in Bulukumba District, young people the homosexuals in Makassar City, the supporting behavior also tends to be at risk. Based on the informants who are 2 community assistants, 3 main preliminary information obtained from KPAD Bulukumba, informants who were selected purposively with the there were 228 HIV/AIDS cases and those were recorded criteria of young men who have sex with men (MSM) at from homosexuals up to 2019. The number of the age of 17-23 years old. Meanwhile, for Bulukumba homosexuals in Bulukumba is not known certainly since District, the key informant was the Chairperson of the they hide themselves and does not have a community, but KPAD, 2 assistants/outreachers as the supporting it is estimated that there are more than 100 people of informants, and 4 MSM as the main informant. The them (MSM only). Although the exact number of secondary data were obtained from the health offices of homosexuals in Bulukumba District is not known, it is Makassar City and Bulukumba District. The data collected believed that there is an increase every year because were then categorized, reduced and analyzed in the there is a pattern of forming behavior as a result of domain and interpreted in words or scientific narrative relationship. The facts in the field indicate that many related to the pattern of homosexual behavior formation young homosexuals were formed due to economic RinEMSUakLaTssar and Bulukumba City. problems, past trauma, friendship or emotional attraction to the same sex. Based on this description, it is interesting to study the This research was performed in March-August 2019 in phenomenon of patterns of homosexual behavior two different locations, which are Makassar City and formation in South Sulawesi (Studies on Men Who Have Bulukumba District. The consideration of selecting these Sex with Men in Makassar City and Bulukumba District). 2 locations was that Makassar City was the center of The objective of this study was to explore the Patterns of activity and job seekers and had the highest HIV/AIDS RHEomSEoAsRexCuHalMBEeThaHvOioDr Formation in South Sulawesi. cases, while Bulukumba was the highest HIV/AIDS district in South Sulawesi. Another consideration was based on the investigation that the two locations included This research was conducted through qualitative method the high number of homosexuals and activities related to using phenomenological approach (Creswell & Poth, the same-sex behavior. The total number of informants 2017; Neuman, 2011) which was exploring the primary was 13 people, while the MSM was 7 people.

TNaoble 1:ITnhfeorCmhaarnatcteristicAsgoef MSM InEfdourmcaatniotsnCharacteOrcicstuicpsaotifoMnakassar ACidtydraensdsBulukumbInafDorismtrict ation

1 Fr 23 Senior High Private sector Makassar IB School worker 2 Erw 20 Senior High University Makassar IB School students/ Private sector worker 3 Ir 19 Senior High Student Makassar IB School 4 En 22 Senior High Private sector Makassar IP School worker/ Assistance 5 AK 51 S2 Private sector Makassar IK worker/ Coordinator 6 Nr 23 Junior High Private sector Bulukumba IB School worker 7 An 25 Senior High Private sector Bulukumba IB School worker 8 IL 23 Senior High Private sector Bulukumba IB School worker 9 Ui 19 Senior High Private sector Bulukumba IB School worker 10 Aa 29 D3 Partner Bulukumba IP 11 Mk 35 Senior High Assistance Bulukumba IP School 478 12 Zf 65 SysteSm1atic Reviews inTPhhearmhaecayd of Bulukumba IK

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KPAD “I initially was not really interested with female. I Information: had my first sexual intercourse with an adult male IB: Supporting Informants, IK: Key Informants, IP: was when I was in senior high school of grade i. Supporting Informants Since then I could meet my sexual needs and daily Based on the table, it can be described that the needs, moreover now there already an application informants were at the age within 19-25 years old, which of social media…. the payment can be agreeing, is the transition from late adolescence to early adulthood. depends on whether there is massage, top or bot” At these ages, informants can make their own decisions regarding their sexual orientation. The informants' educational backgrounds varied from low level to higher (Ir, 19 years old) education, indicating that the behavior was not Different statement was given by another young necessarily linear with the knowledge they had. The homosexual as follow: varied occupations allowed the informants to have a wide “I initially had a boyfriend when I was at second association, especially since they were still in productive grade of senior high school because of broken age. Informants who live in Makassar City and district heart. My girlfriend married my neighbor while HinodmicaotseetxhuaatlgFaoyrbmehataivoinor is no longer limited to big cities we had been in relationship for two years. Since but has targeted the region. then, I got mad and desired to stay away. I finally met a man who already have a wife and children. Homosexual is used to describe men who have a sexual This person spoils and gives me a”ttention, he likes attraction or orientation towards other men. However, me. Although I know that he already has a wife, recently homosexual is used to describe the behavior of a but I feel comfortable (timidly) (Erw, 20 years person, whether male or female, who has a sexual old). orientation towards their same sex. Many things can Although he was still a bit shy in telling us of how he trigger a person to be homosexual, for example traumatic started being a same-sex enthusiast, it was very clear that experiences or having seen or experienced sexual Erw held a grudge against women. For Erw, women only violence, an imbalance in sex hormones, environmental hurt and do not understand the meaning of a relationship. influences and comfortable feeling when having Information obtained in Bulukumba District regarding relationships with the same sex. The social environment the trig“gWerhsefnorI twheasocgcruardrueantceed offrosmamjeu-nsieoxr bheighhavsicohroiosl,asI can affect or prevent someone from behaving sexually follows:did not have any money to continue my study to deviant because a good environment will make senior high school, so I worked as salon… I met men, individuals behave well and vice versa. Regarding the transgender and learned of how to get my own influence of the social environment in this research, it can money and help my own family until I have my own be expla“IinehdabdasaedgoinrltfhreieinndforumnattiilonI frwomasseivnerSael nmiaolre salon. Since then I like male and until now, I have a homoseHxuigahl inSfcohrmooalntasnidn MI alikkaessdarhCeirt.yHasowfoellvoewrs,: since boyfriend. I do not want to be hypocrite. I am also I became a model, I used to work and financed because if we like someone we need to socialize with males who manage clothes, sacrifice” make up and others. Initially I felt uncomfortable when I was touched by (Nr, 23 years old) males but since it became so often, I NR is one of the MSM who are successful in his eventually used to it and I forget since occupation and has permanent relationship due to when I feel comfortable to have a mutual need and attachment. The same thing is also relationship with them until now” (Fr, 23 happened for AN and IL informants, the two MSM years old). informants revealed that they initially financed their “girlfriends” starting from school needs to almost all of their partner's daily needs including cellphones, clothes Fr initially became homosexual because of his association and even motorbike payments. This was done so that the as a model. An attractive face and ideal body posture are partner is bound by this same-sex relationship. However, certainly an asset in pursuing this job. Apart from getting informa“nBteUfoir,ew, hI oalhsaoshhaaddasegvierlrfarliernedlatiooonsfohripas lwonitgh tmimene comfortable in the job and in these relationships, Fr severalbtiumt eths,ewn absrodkifefne.reNnotw, asI hfoalvloewbse:en in a relationship revealed that he did not want to take risks when dealing with my current boyfriend. It just came… loving with women who were always jealous, especially when each other and always together, I live with him…if she got pregnant. According to Fr, men are more tolerant it is considered to get money, it is not really true and can understand each other more. because I also work” (Ui, 22 years old) Furthermore, another male homosexual revealed that:

TablDe o2m: DaoinmAainnaalnysdisTaxonomy of YounTgaHxoonmoomseyxAuanlasl(yMsiSsM) Triggers in Makassar City and Bulukumba District Location: Makassar

Social Environment Occupation Model Male Dorm Mates/ Designer Situational Make up MSM boyfriend

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Trauma / emotional Broken heart Ex-boyfriend Betrayed Angry Revenge

Comfortable MSM partner Bulukumba Motive Lifestyle Supported by the Poverty MSM couple to Classification meet the life need Biological Innate Attracted to the same sex Tarif Expensive Plus, massage as Top Booking Rent room Cheap Bot only According to the Makassar and Bulukumba agreement Education Level PT Makassar and Bulukumba Senior High School Junior High School Social Class Low Medium DEISCUSSION

stimuli they feel without thinking about the positive or Community has its own views about homosexuals, so that negative effects of the environmental influence. An it becomes a special concern. It is considered to be a adventurous spirit at the age of 17-23 years old becomes deviation in social norms because homosexual offenders the trigger to try new things in order to be accepted in are considered not meeting the standard values ​ ​ and their new environment. norms that apply in community as heterosexual Arifin (2016) revealed that in a sociological point of view, adherents, so that they conflict with the standard of how a person can play a deviant social role is closely values understood. Ratri, E.M, et al (2012) revealed that related to the socialization he gets in the community community is more accepting someone with heterosexual system where he is. As explained above, family and social condition. The problem faced by gays in Indonesia is environment will greatly affect the formation of an regarding the existence of gays who is still considered as individual's social role, this is because the family and the strange to be accepted in the common environment. This social environment are one of the support systems of can be seen from the fact that some people see gay people community where an individual has a high intensity of as a symbol of abomination, a shame that humiliates the interaction. In the context as a form of social deviation, family. Gay people continue to fight for their self- gay people initially get socialization to be homosexual existence and against the existing social discrimination. from their environment and family. Homosexual behavior does not only happen but goes Since the behavior is the result of learning, observation, through a formation process that affects a person's sexual and identification thus a positive self-concept of orientation, which is same-sex enthusiasts. In this homosexuality is formed and accepted as a normal research, the context is relationship between men which behavior (Thaha & Palutturi, 2019). Self-acceptance is occur in Makassar City and Bulukumba District. self-esteem, in this case is self-respect towards In Makassar City, many factors can cause this behavior, homosexual as a human being who has a place or including internal and external environmental factors. acceptance in their social environment. This appreciation The process of forming sexual identity begins at home, will affect in the interaction with other people, which is resulting in a socialization process. A child who is why homosexuals do not feel that their behavior is accustomed to being spoiled by his mother will be deviant because people in their social environment feminine especially if he has an authoritarian father. The behave the same, who judge good or bad and consider next socialization process occurs in the social homosexual deviant behavior are people outside the environment that supports homosexual behavior. group or outside the heterosexual group. Based on this study, it was found that the formation of The influence of the environment in the interaction homosexuals in young men occurred due to several process is supported by the interactionist assumptions things, including the environment. Behavior is not innate from Herbert Blumer's theory regarding symbolic but is the formation and upbringing of the people around interaction. This theory states that a person's response is him. Such homosexuals, the environment is an object of not made directly to other actions but is based on the adaptation of various behaviors that sometimes force meanings given to the actions of others. Interactions individuals to imitate and identify themselves, especially between individuals are bridged by the use of symbols, when it is perceived as challenging so that there is a interpretations or trying to mutually understand the 4de8s0ire to conquer it. Young homosexuals inSythstisemstuatdiyc aRreeviews in Pmhearnminagcoyf each individual's actions (Goodman, 2010). in the self-seeking stage, so they always respond to the Vol 11, Issue 12, Dec 2020 The Formation of Homosexual Behavior in South Sulawesi Province (Study on Young Homosexual in Makassar City and Bulukumba District)

"to forget about the hurt feelings, I used social media and Regarding the symbolic interaction, Goffman furthermore fbiynatlhlye mineftormmyapnatrbtneeforrwehboecwoamsivnegryhocmaroinsgexautalthtahtattime in his dramaturgy assumes that during interaction, even though he already had a wife and children". individuals want to display self-feelings that can be accepted by others, so that individuals need to adjust by He chose controlling elements that can interfere. The relationship not to vent anger and hold back the negative emotions with the current research is that young homosexuals will experienced by informants as expressed by Astuti, Wasidi, display or open themselves (coming out) if they are in and Sinthia (2019) that the ability to manage emotions, their community of fellow homosexuals, but will present especially negative emotions such as anger, sadness, themselves like normal people in general when outside disappointment, resentment and hatred will make the the group. Inability to open up about their sexual individual not carried away and deeply affected by being orientation is due to the negative stigma and social unable to solve the problems he is facing, and will even sanctions they get, so that their tendency to show their bring up various unpleasant negative emotions in him. masculinity to others even if they are only “displays” These negative emotions can be in the form of behaving (Suswani et al., 2018). To be accepted as normal men in aggressively to seek revenge. Such feelings were also the community, several homosexuals in this study were experienced by informants in triggering their homosexual married and even had children, but this was only to cover behavior, the anger and disappointment they felt became up their sexual deviations without changing their sexual vengeance that was vented even though they were interactions as same-sex enthusiasts. The prevailing considered subjectively positive. sexual orientation in Indonesia is heterosexual, so that There are different things in the formation of the culture cannot accept the presence of homosexuals homosexuals in Bulukumba District, where the tendency and consider it as a deviation. According to Akbar, of the triggers is economic problems and the lifestyle of Sihabudin, and Nursih (2011), homosexuals are known as adolescents who want to follow the current trends. The deviant group where the deviant behavior makes it MSM and transgender women in Bulukumba in this study difficult for most communities and even homosexual come from middle to lower family backgrounds and hide individuals to interact with the wider community. This is their homosexuality. Homosexuals are considered as a what is indicated in Goffman's theory that individuals minority group even though they are in the midst of always want to show what can be accepted by others by community but negative acceptance in small areas such controlling the elements that can interfere. as in Bulukumba which implements Islamic law makes Trauma due to love or romance is another factor that can this community close itself. Adela (2010) revealed that change a person's sexual orientation. The trauma people in rural areas are also more intolerant, perhaps experienced by informants in this study led to feelings of this is because of traditional moral value assimilation, hatred and heartache and loss of trust in women so that especially those with secondary education and not higher they chose the same sex who were considered more education. accepting and understanding of each other. Not all Homosexuals in Bulukumba District consisted of MSM individuals are ready for trauma, as well as the young and transgender women who in the practice of same-sex homosexuals in this study who were at the transition age relationships can change partners because they are based from adolescence to early adulthood. Each person's on economic needs or not based on commitment, response was different in responding the trauma although there are also those who make permanent experienced because traumatic experiences can form a partners. For those who are based on transactions or behavior so that they lead to changes in sexual modest relationships, homosexuals who are still orientation. classified as early adolescents only need to get pocket Sarwono (2013) revealed that the formation of behavior money or daily necessities such as buying cigarettes, does not happen just like that, but through a certain clothes and pocket money without thinking about the process, a continuous social contact with other other effects of their risky behavior which can be infected individuals around them so that choice factors emerge. It with sexually transmitted infections. For homosexuals is normal if humans cannot perceive all external stimuli who have a permanent partner is because their life is through perception, therefore there is a process of more guaranteed in fulfilling their primary and secondary choosing which stimuli should be shunned and needs with the aim of binding, such as a guarantee of approached. This choice is determined by the motives money needed every day, buying a cellphone, boarding and tendencies within. Love trauma experienced by fees, and a motorbike by their partner. For the last thing, informants before choosing to be homosexual through a the homosexuals who are financed will feel bound, process of hurt, resentment and hatred towards women, especially from a less economic background, so there is so that the tendency to stay away from the opposite sex no other way to survive and even live at home like and approach the same sex because of the feeling of husband and wife. comfort. It is a human nature that a person will stay away Although economic factors are classic and short cut from things that do not make him suffer and approach reasons for getting better money and social status, in situations that provide a sense of comfort so that the reality these reasons occur mostly especially for those behavior becomes repeated. who do not have skills. Nasution, Lubis, and Mukti (2019), The selection of situations in emotional regulation as revealed that economic inequality can also make a person stated by Gross and Thompson (2007), is a strategy that have deviant behavior. An economic condition that is is carried out consciously or unconsciously to maintain, below average, will cause someone to do whatever to strengthen or reduce one or more aspects of an emotional bring additional income. The adolescents in this study response, which are emotional experiences and behaviors. who wanted to live a better life but do not have money The method used by the informant after being hurt is by and work prefer to be homosexual for a while or forever staying away from situations and led him look for in order to get money from their sex partners. Without c4o8n1ditions that were pleasant for him. ThisSywstaesmadamticittReedviews in rPehaalirzminagciyt, they are being targeted for commercialization Vol 11, Issue 12, Dec 2020 The Formation of Homosexual Behavior in South Sulawesi Province (Study on Young Homosexual in Makassar City and Bulukumba District)

to provide sexual services for adults. Afritayeni and 6. Asrina, A., Palutturi, S., & AndayIanndiea,n EJo. u(r2n0a1l 8o)f. Angraini (2019), revealed that a person's lifestyle is PCubltluicreHeaanltdh Rhesaelathrchbe&hDaveivoerlopomf ebnutt,o9n society of inseparable from economic status which is divided into City, . various levels of groups. Income is one of the things that (9), 315-318. determines economic status. High income makes 7. Asrina, A., Palutturi, S., & TenIrnid, iAa.n(2Jo0u1r8n)a.lDoofleP-uDbolliec someone free to do anything, including turning one's HTreaadltihtioRneseianrchH&eaDltehvelSoepemkienngt, 9Behavior of lifestyle into deviant behavior. Society, Southeast Sulawesi. Young homosexuals who need money do not even (7), 270-274. hesitate to offer prices according to the services provided, 8. Astuti, D., Wasidi, W., & Sinthia, R. (2019). for example, the rates for satisfying their partners are HUBUNGAN ANTARA REGCUoLnAsiSlIia:EMJOurSnIalDEINlmGAiaNh different when accompanied by massage. Junaidi (2012), BPEimRbILinAgKaUn dManEKMoAnAseFlKinAgN, 2 PADA SISWA SEKOLAH revealed that those who are involved in gay life are solely MENENGAH PERTAMA. due to lifestyle and material factors. At first, they usually (1), 1-10. just try to have sex with the same sex for material 9. Azizah, S. N. (2013). Konsep Diri Homoseksual di rewards. The existence of a material stimulus facilitates Kalangan MahJoausrisnwala doif KNootanfSoermarlanEgdu(SctautidoinKaasnuds the formation of young homosexuals and perpetuates the CMoamhmasuisnwitay EHmopmoowseerkmsueanlt, d2i Kawasan Simpanglima condition. Semarang). Qualitative The handling of homosexual problems in certain groups inquiry and research design(2: ).Choosing among five is actually handled in a more comprehensive setting 10. aCprepsrwoaecllh,esJ. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017). approach (Noor, Amiruddin, Awal, Palutturi, & Mallongi, Teori Sosiologi Modern. 2017; Palutturi & Arifin, 2019; Palutturi & Asnawi, 2020; Edisi keenam: Sage publications. Palutturi, Chu, Moon, & Nam, 2015; Palutturi, Rutherford, 11. Goodman, G. R.-D. J. (2010). Davey, & Chu, 2013, 2015; Palutturi, Sahiddin, Ishak, & . Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group Hamzah, 2018; Palutturi, Zulkifli, & Syam, 2017). Policy 12. Gross, J. J., & ThNowmepYsoornk,: GRu.ilfo(2rd007). Emotion makers can analyse the problems and causes of the Regulation: ConcepAtnuoaml afoliunJidwaat.io(nDs., THaannddubngo,okEdo.)f problems as a whole. the same as other health problems, emotion regulation. . for example various infectious, non-communicable 13. Junaidi, I. (2012). Patologi Sosial 2: Kenakalan. diseases or problems related to social problems, for RYoemgyaajkaarta: Andi Publisher. example narcotics users or the treatment of Commercial 14. Kartono, K. (2014). Sexual Workers, also requires a more comprehensive . JakaUrtnai:vRerasjiataGsrNafeignedroi YPoegrsyaadkaa.rta CtrOeaNtCmLeUnStI.ON 15. Lestari, G. (2012). Fenomena Homoseksual di Kota Yogyakarta. . 16. Nasution, A. S., Lubis, S. A., & Mukti, A. (2019). Peran Based on the results of the study, it was found that there PendidikAant-TaAzgaakmkia: JuIsrlnaaml KDajaialanmIlmMuenPgehnedmidpikaanng are differences on the formation of homosexuals. IPselarimlakduanLHesubmiaanniGoraay, B3iseksual Transgender di Kota Homosexual behavior in Makassar City is triggered by the Medan. Social research methods: influence of the social environment and romantic trauma, qualitative and quant(i1ta),ti1v4e3-a1p5p8r.oaches while in Bulukumba District is due to economic problems. 17. Neuman, W. L. (2011). Although they are different in the formation of sexual . Boston, orientation, young homosexuals from these two locations [Mass.]: Pearson. have something in common, which is not being open 18. Noor, N. B., Amiruddin, R., Awal, M., PalPuattku. rJi., NSu.,t&r, RabEoFuEtRthEeNiCrEstSatus as same-sex enthusiasts. 1M6allongi, A. (2017). Proxy model of comorbidities with stroke incident in South Sulawesi. , 857-863. 19. Palutturi, S.I,ndi&an JoAurrifnianl, ofMPu. bliAc.He(a2lt0h1R9)e.seaRrceh- 1. Adam, A., Badwi, A., & Palutturi, S. (2019). Analysis of &StaDnedvealrodpizmaetinotn, 10Makassar Healthy City based on Factors Associated with Self-StigmaIn(PdiLaHnIVJo)uornatlhoef Local Needs. PHuIVblicanHdealAthIDRSesIenacricdhe&ncDeeinvelJoopnmgaeynat, 1P0ositive Care (2). Supporting Group of Makassar City. 20. Palutturi, S., & Asnawi, A. (2020).JoHuErAnLaTl oHfYHeCaIlTtYh Procedia-Social and Behavio(r1al1)S.ciences, aAnWdARTrDaSnslaItNionaSlOUMTeHdicinSeU, L2A3WESI, INDONESIA: 2. 2Adela, M. (2010). Social perception of homosexuality EXPECTATIONS AND CHALLENGES. in Romania. (Supplement), 163- (2), 5726-5730. 169. 3. Afritayeni, A., & Angraini, V. (J2u0r1n9a)l. EHnudbuuranngcaen: 21. 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