Pelabuhan Parepare Di Bawah Kuasa Gowa Dan Bone the Port of Parepare Under the Power of Gowa and Bone

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Pelabuhan Parepare Di Bawah Kuasa Gowa Dan Bone the Port of Parepare Under the Power of Gowa and Bone PELABUHAN PAREPARE DI BAWAH KUASA GOWA DAN BONE THE PORT OF PAREPARE UNDER THE POWER OF GOWA AND BONE Syahrir Kila Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Sulawesi Selatan Jalan Sultan Alauddin / Tala Salapang Km. 7 Makassar, 90221 Telepon (0411) 885119, 883748, Faksimile (0411) 865166 Pos-el: syahrir.kila01gmail.com Diterima: 6 Juli 2017; Direvisi: 12 September 2017; Disetujui: 24 November 2017 ABSTRACT This study aims to see the existence of Bacukiki Port and Suppa Port until the establishment of Parepare Port under the power of Gowa Kingdom and Bone Kingdom by using historical methodology. This study proves that the two ports, namely Bacukiki and Suppa, are great ports of the time. The both ports are more advanced than Somba Opu Port, so when Somba Opu Port wants tobe advancedinto transit port by the Gowa Kingdom, the role of these two ports must be faded down at first. When the roles of the two ports faded, Somba Opu Port began to grow because all loading of goods and services from both ports was diverted to Somba Opu Port. At that moment, Parepare Port began ogled by the traders who come from Ajatappareng. By the time, the Kingdom of Gowa-Tallo collapsed, and then its management was controlled by Bone. The condition of the port at that time has not developed well because the rules are very tight. When the territory of the Dutch East Indies was submitted to England, Parepare Port was contracted to Addatuang Sidenreng. Keywords: Bacukiki, Suppa, Parepare, and ports. ABSTRAK Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat eksistensi Pelabuhan Bacukiki dan Pelabuhan Suppa hingga terbentuknya Pelabuhan Parepare di bawah kuasa Kerajaan Gowa dan Kerajaan Bone dengan menggunakan metode sejarah. Kajian ini membuktikan bahwa kedua pelabuhan yang dimaksud, yaitu Bacukiki dan Suppa adalah suatu pelabuhan besar pada masanya. Bukan hanya itu, kedua pelabuhan itu lebih maju dibanding Pelabuhan Somba Opu. Itulah sebabnya ketika Pelabuhan Somba Opu ingin dimajukan menjadi pelabuhan transito oleh Kerajaan Gowa, kedua pelabuhan ini harus dimatikan perannya terlebih dahulu.Ketika peran pelabuhan ini sudah memudar, maka Pelabuhan Somba Opu mulai berkembang karena semua bongkar muat barang dan jasa dari kedua pelabuhan itu, dialihkan ke Somba Opu. Ketika itulah Pelabuhan Parepare mulai dilirik oleh para pedagang yang berasal dari Ajatappareng. Pada saat Kerajaan Gowa-Tallo runtuh, pengelolaannya dikuasai oleh Bone. Kondisi pelabuhan ketika itu belum berkembang dengan baik sebab aturan sangat ketat. Ketika wilayah Hindia Belanda diserahkan ke Inggris, PelabuhanParepare dikontrakkan kepada Addatuang Sidenreng. Kata Kunci: Bacukiki, Suppa, Parepare dan pelabuhan. PENDAHULUAN versi dalam hal pembentukannya; yang pertama Berdasarkan sejarah Kota Parepare yang menyatakan bahwa persekutuan ini lahir dari sejak masa kerajaan adalah merupakan kota inisiatif addatuang Sawitto yang bernama pelabuhan dari kerajaan-kerajaan yang ada di Lapaleteang (1523-1564). Sedang sumber lain wilayah Ajatappareng atau kerajaan LimaE menyebutkan bahwa Konfederasi Ajatappareng Ajatappareng (Suppa, Sawitto, Sidenreng, dicetuskan oleh Datu Suppa yang bernama Rappang, dan Alitta). Persekutuan ini mulai Lamakkarawie. Nama yang terakhir ini juga eksis sebagai suatu persekutuan pada abad ke- disebutkan bahwa ia telah menerima agama 16, dan berdasarkan tradisi lisan, terdapat dua Kristen dan kerajaan Bugis pertama yang PB 205 WALASUJI Volume 8, No. 2, Desember 2017: 205—218 dikunjungi missionari Portugis adalah Kerajaan Soreang hingga Bacukiki dan Mallusetasi, ia Suppa (Latif,2012:5).1 sangat terkesan dengan pemandangan alam Secara geografi, kedudukan Ajatappareng yang begitu indah, walaupun pesisir pantainya terletak di bagian tengah Sulawesi Selatan. dipenuhi oleh semak belukar (para) yang rimbun. Sawitto yang terletak di ujung barat menghadap Kawasan yang ditumbuhi semak belukar itu, ke Selat Makassar, juga dihubungkan dengan oleh masyarakat setempat disebutnya sebagai Sungai Saddang yang mengalir dari Tana Toraja, paraparae. Raja Gowa sangat terkesan sehingga Enrekang dan Rappang. Rappang terlertak di berniat membuat pemukiman di sepanjang pantai timur berbatasan dengan Maiwa di utaranya yang ditumbuhi semak belukar itu, lalu berkata dan Wajo di timurnya. Di Sidenreng terdapat ”bajiki ni pare” yang arti baik untuk dibuat atau Danau Sidenreng yang terhubung dengan dijadikan sebagai tempat pemukiman (Rahman, Danau Tempe, sehingga akhir abad ke-18 para dkk.2009:5). pedagang yang ingin berdagang ke Wajo ataupun Di tempat yang dipenuhi belukar itu atau Sidenreng dapat melayari danau ini. Sedangkan para’ ini pula berdiri sebuah pemukiman yang wilayah Alitta terletak di tengah antara Sawitto dinamakan Soreang yang memiliki sebuah dan Rappang yang berbatasan dengan Suppa di pelabuhan yang letaknya juga sangat strategis. selatannya. Sementara Suppa terletak di bagian Pelabuhan ini terletak di sebuah teluk dengan tenggaranya yang memiliki pelabuhan di daerah tepian yang sangat dalam, ombaknya tidak Soreang, Parepare, dan sekarang pelabuhan ini begitu besar sebab pada pintu masuknya terdapat menjadi pelabuhan rakyat antarpulau.Sekarang sebuah pulau yang seakan-akan menjadi pintu di kawasan ini terdapat juga sebuah pelabuhan penghalang bagi ombak. Di Soreang berdiri kontainer yang cukup besar. Ke arah selatan, istana raja dengan megahnya yang dikenal terdapat lagi sebuah pelabuhan besar yang dengan nama Sao Raja MattanruE. Dari nama bernama Pelabuhan Nusantara Parepare yang paraparae itu kemudian mengalami perubahan secara khusus melayani angkutan penumpang ke nama menjadi parepare yang sekaligus menjadi jurusan timur. Pelabuhan inilah yang kemudian nama kota ini hingga sekarang. (Pemkot, 2005:4). disebut sebagai Pelabuhan Nusantara Parepare, Pelabuhan ini semakin berkembang terletak di jantung Kota Parepare. seiring dengan berkembangnya masyarakat Pemberian nama Parepare beragam sumber yang serba konfleks. Bahkan demikian yang menyebutnya. Salah satu menyatakan pesatnya perkembangan wilayah ini, termasuk bahwa daerah ini berdiri dan berkembang diawali perkembangan Soreang, sehingg pusat kerajaan dari suatu kunjungan yang dilakukan oleh dan pemerintahannya dipindahkan ke tempat Raja Gowa I Manrigau Daeng Bonto Karaeng yang baru. Pada tempat ini lalu didirikan sebuah Tunipallangga Ulaweng berangkat ke Soreang. istana sebagai simbol aktifitas ke pelabuhan Kunjungan itu dimaksudkan untuk mempererat yang sangat ramai. Selain itu, dibuat pula sebuah hubungan persahabatan antara kerajaan-kerajaan simbol yang kemudian dijadikan sebagai merek Bugis dengan Kerajaan Gowa. Suatu pagi ketika dagang yang diikat atau digantung ditanduk beliau berjalan-jalan di sepanjang pantai dari rumah kerajaan yang disebut paraparae. Seperti apa bentuk simbol ini, tidak diketahui 1Berdasarkan pada catatan Portugis itu, ada kemungkinan bahwa Konfederasi Ajatappareng lahir dengan pasti. Hiasan yang disebut paraparae pada masa kekuasaan Lamakkarawie di Suppa. Ini itu lalu berubah menjadi nama Parepare yang berdasarkan pada kenyataan bahwa Kerajaan Suppa pada disesuaikan dengan pengucapan lidah orang abad ke-16 atau abad sebelumnya, Kerajaan Suppa sudah Bugis. (Pemkot, 2005:5). mempunyai peranan penting dalam dinamika politik dan Kota Parepare adalah merupakan kota ekonomi di Sulawesi Selatan. Bahkan dalam mitologi Lagaligo telah diceritakan bahwa Kerajaan Suppa adalah terbesar kedua di Sulawesi Selatan setelah Kota sebuah kerajaan besar dan sangat penting di pantai barat Makassar yang merupakan ibukota Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. 206 207 Pelabuhan Parepare di Bawah ... Syahrir Kila Sulawesi Selatan. Dari sisi geografi, letaknya Sidenreng? Persoalan itu dianalisis dengan kurang lebih 155 km. ke arah utara dan dapat melihat konteksnya. ditempu lewat jalan darat selama kurang lebih 3-4 jam. Posisinya tepat di pesisir Selat Makassar METODE yang memisahkan Pulau Sulawesi dan Pulau Studi ini dilakukan di Kota Parepare, Kalimantan sehingga arus lalulintas antar pulau Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan yang dimulai pada menjadi salah satu pelayanan yang tersedia di masa eksisnya Pelabuhan Bacukiki dan Pelabuhan leberan pelabuhannya. Secara administrasi, kota Suppa hingga terbentuknya Pelabuhan Parepare. ini berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Pinrang di Rentang waktu itu terlalu panjang sehingga sebelah utara, Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang kajiannya terpotong-potong antara satu masa dan di sebelah timur, Kabupaten Barru di sebelah masa berikutnya di mana ada data dan sumber selatan serta Selat Makassar di sebelah barat dan yang ditemukan. Studi ini lebih merupakan suatu Ujung Lero. babakan waktu tentang Pelabuhan Parepare dan Wilayah ini juga dikaruniai bentangan tidak membicarakan tentang angka-angka dalam alam dan pemandangan laut yang begitu indah. kemajuan dan kemunduran Pelabuhan Parepare. Topografi Kota Parepare umumnya berbukit Oleh karena itu, metode yang dipergunakan yang menjadikannya justru sebuah kelebihan dalam mengumpulkan data dan keterangan tersendiri. Daerah perbukitan yang menjadi adalah metode sejarah. pemisah antara wilayah permukiman bagian Metode itu meliputi empat langkah secara bawah yang disebut kota bawah sedang wilayah sistematis yang diawali dengan melakukan permukiman yang letaknya di atas perbukitan pengumpulan data dan keterangan (heuristik) mereka sebut kota atas. Kedua sebutan pada beberapa perpustakaan. Di antaranya adalah; tersebut sangat cocok dijadikan kawasan home Perpustakaan Kota Parepare, Perpustakaan dan stay pariwisata kawasan, baik mereka yang Arsip Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Perpustakaan hanya sekedar ingin menikmati
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