Analisis Potensi Sektor Unggulan Dalam Perekonomian Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang

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Analisis Potensi Sektor Unggulan Dalam Perekonomian Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang Economos : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis p-ISSN. 2615-7039 Volume 2, Nomor 3, Desember 2019 e-ISSN. 2655-321X ANALISIS POTENSI SEKTOR UNGGULAN DALAM PEREKONOMIAN KABUPATEN SIDENRENG RAPPANG Analysis Potential of The Leading Sectors in The Economy of Sidenreng Rappang Muhammad Hatta Email: [email protected] Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare Jl. Jend. Ahmad Yani, Soreang, Kota Parepare, Sulawesi Selatan, 91131 Abstract This study aims to determine the leading sectors in the economy Sidenreng Rappang Regency. The data collection techniques used in this study is 17 sectors economy in GRDP (gross regonal domestic product)SidenrengRappang Regency. Technical data analysis in this study using Klassen’s Typology analysis, Location Qoutient (LQ) analysis and analysis Shift Share. Based on the Klassen Typology analysis which entered in sectors classification advanced and growing rapidly (si> s and ski >sk) is the Agriculture Sektor, Forestry, and Fisheries; Processing Industry Sektor; and the Construction Sector. Based on analysis Location Qoutient (LQ) which is the base sector (LQ > 1) is the Agriculture Sector, Forestry, and Fisheries; Processing Industry Sector: Electricity and Procurement Sector Gas; Construction Sector; Real Estate Sector; and the GovermentAdminitstration Sector, Defense and Mandatory Social Security. Based on the Shift Share analysis of the economic sector with a positive shift of differential or competitive interest (Cij) is the Sector Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries; Mining and Excavation Sector; Sector Processing Industry; Construction Sector; Transportation and Warehousing Sector; Sector Information and Communication; and the Financial and Insurance Services Sector. Based on three the analysis becomes the leading sector in the regional economy of the Regency Sidenreng Rappang is the Agricultur, Forestry and Fisheries Sector; Industrial Processing Sector; and Construction Sector. Keywords: The Potential of The Leading Sectors, Sidenreng Rappang Regency Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sektor unggulan dalam perekonomian daerah Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dokumentasi. Sampel dalam penelitian ini meliputi 17 sektor ekonomi dalam PDRB (produk domestik regional bruto) Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang. Teknis analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis Tipologi Klassen, analisis Location Qoutient (LQ) dan analisis Shift Share. Berdasarkan analisis Tipologi Klassen yang masuk dalam klasifikasi sektor maju dan tumbuh dengan pesat (si>s dan ski>sk) adalah Sektor Pertanian, Kehutanan, dan Perikanan; Sektor Industri Pengolahan; dan Sektor Konstruksi. Berdasarkan analisis Location Qoutient (LQ) yang menjadi sektor basis (LQ>1) adalah Sektor Pertanian, Kehutanan, dan Perikanan; Sektor Industri Pengolahan; Sektor Pengadaan Listrik dan Gas; Sektor Konstruksi; Sektor Real Estat; dan Sektor Andminitrasi Pemerintahan, Pertahanan dan Jaminan Sosial Wajib. Berdasarkan analisis Shift Share sektor ekonomi dengan pergeseran diferensial atau kenggulan kompetitif (Cij) Positif adalah Sektor Pertanian, Kehutanan, dan Perikanan; Sektor Pertambangan dan Penggalian; Sektor Industri Pengolahan; Sektor Konstruksi; Sektor Transportasi dan Pergudangan; Sektor Informasi dan Komunikasi; dan Sektor Jasa Keuangan dan Asuransi. Berdasarkan ketiga analisis tersebut yang menjadi sektor unggulan dalam perekonomian daerah Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang adalah Sektor Pertanian, Kehutanan, dan Perikanan; Sektor Pengolahan Industri dan Sektor Konstruksi. Kata kunci: Potensi Sektor Unggulan Kabupaten Siedenreng Rappang 120 PENDAHULUAN Pertumbuhan ekonomi adalah kenaikan GDP (Gross Domestik Product) dengan tidak memperhatikan apakah kenaikan itu lebih besar ataukah lebih kecil dari tingkat pertumbuhan penduduk dan perubahan struktur ekonomi (Ma’ruf dan Latri, 2008; Arsyad, 2010). Pertumbuhan ekonomi berkaitan dengan proses peningkatan produksi barang dan jasa dalam kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat, pertumbuhan menyangkut perkembangan yang berdimensi tunggal dan diukur dengan meningkatnya hasil produksi dan pendapatan. Dalam perekonomian, pertumbuhan berarti perkembangan produksi barang dan jasa yang berlaku di suatu negara, seperti pertambahan jumlah produksi barang industri, perkembangan infrastruktur, perkembangan sektor jasa dan perkembangan produksi barang modal. Nilai kenaikan pertumbuhan ekonomi dapat dilihat dari besaran pendapatan nasional riil suatu negara (Arsyad, 2010). Pembangunan Ekonomi Daerah merupakan sebuah proses pengelolaan seluruh sumber daya daerah yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah yang bersangkutan sehingga tercipta lapangan kerja dan mendorong berkembangnya kegiatan ekonomi di daerah tersebut. Tolak ukur keberhasilan pembangunan dapat dilihat dari pertumbuhan ekonomi dan semakin kecilnya ketimpangan pendapatan antar penduduk, antar daerah dan antar sektor. Dengan adanya kerjasama ini diharapkan sumber daya yang terdapat didaerah dapat dikelola secara maksimal dan menciptakan lapangan usaha baru, sehingga mengurangi angka pengangguran dan mengembangkan kegiatan perekonomian disuatu daerah (Arsyad, 2010). Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2004 tentang Sistem Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional. Pasal 33 ayat 1 menyatakan bahwa, pemerintah dalam hal ini kepala daerah menyelenggarakan dan bertanggung jawab atas perencanaan pembangunan daerah di daerahnya. Berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah dan pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Nomor 33 tahun 2004 tentang Perimbangan Keuangan antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah, kedua Undang-Undang tersebut diharapkan dapat mendorong kreativitas dan inovasi serta mampu menggali dan mengembangkan potensi yang ada di setiap daerah dan dilaksanakan secara terpadu, serasi dan terarah agar pembangunan dapat terlaksana sesuai dengan prioritas daerah. Daerah Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang adalah daerah tingkat II di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan Republik Indonesia dengan ibu Kota Pangkajene. Berdasarkan letak geografi, topografi, hidrologi, kondisi iklim, begitu pula kondisi sosial ekonomi dan budaya masyarakat lokal, maka daerah Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang merupakan daerah yang sangat menguntungkan dalam berbagai kegiatan perekonomian, terutama disektor pertanian. Bertitik belakang dari kondisi empiris tersebut, diharapkan dapat menjadikan daerah Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang menjadi daerah yang maju dan mandiri melalui berbagai upaya peningkatan pembangunan, dengan menempatkan sektor unggulan sebagai penggerak utama dalam pembangunan ekonomi. Salah satu indikator kemajuan perekonomian suatu daerah dapat dilihat dari perkembangan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB). PDRB memperlihatkan besarnya produksi yang telah di ciptakan oleh masing-masing sektor ekonomi pada tahun tertentu. Berdasarkan data terbaru, PDRB dikelompokkan menjadi tujuh belas sektor (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2018). Pertumbuhan ekonomi Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang dalam kurun waktu lima tahun periode tahun 2013-2017 atas dasar harga konstan menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan PDRB dari 6,93% pada tahun 2013, kemudian terjadi pertumbuhan sebesar 7,87% pada tahun 2014, kemudian pada tahun 2015 terjadi kenaikan sebesar 8,03%, pada tahun 2016 juga terjadi kenaikan sebesar 8,81%, dan pada tahun 2017 terjadi penurunan sebesar 7,11% (BPS Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang, 2018). Melihat perkembangan ekonomi Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang yang mengalami pasang surut, diperlukan suatu pengkajian terhadap sektor ekonomi unggulan yang dapat dikembangkan dalam rangka peningkatan laju pertumbuhan ekonomi di Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang. Selain itu, dengan mengetahui sektor ekonomi unggulan tersebut juga dapat dijadikan tulang punggung atau andalan sebagai modal dasar dalam pembangunan perekonomian khususnya merangsang terciptanya kesempatan kerja, guna meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang dimasa yang akan datang. 121 Berdasarkan uraian diatas tentang kondisi yang terjadi di Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang, membuat penulis tertarik dalam melakukan penelitian dengan judul “Analisis Sektor Unggulan dalam Menunjang Pembangunan Ekonomi di Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang”. METODE PENELITIAN Lokasi Penelitian Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang tepatnya di Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan Daerah Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang. Waktu Penelitian Penelitian ini dilakukan selama tiga bulan dari bulan Januari sampai dengan Maret 2019. Populasi dan Sampel Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu tujuh belas sektor ekonomi dalam PDRB Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang. Seluruh populasi merupakan sampel penelitian, atau dengan kata lain, jumlah populasi sama dengan jumlah sampel. Defenisi Operasional Defenisi operasional sesuai dengan variabel penelitian dapat dijelaskan berikut ini: 1. Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) adalah nilai tambah bruto seluruh barang dan jasa yang tercipta atau dihasilkan diwilayah domestik suatu daerah yang timbul akibat berbagai aktivitas ekonomi dalam suatu periode tertentu. 2. Sektor ekonomi adalah lapangan usaha yang terdapat pada PDRB Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang, yang meliputi tujuh belas kategori yaitu, sektor pertanian, kehutanan dan perikanan; sektor pertambangan dan penggalian; sektor industri pengolahan; sektor pengadaan listrik dan gas; sektor pengadaan air, pengolahan sampah, limbah dan daur ulang; sektor konstruksi; sektor perdagangan besar dan eceran, reparasi mobil dan sepeda motor, sektor transportasi dan pergudangan;
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