The Determinants of the Rise of Sand Mining on the Batauga
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IndonesianINDONESIAN Journal of Social JOURNAL and Environmental OF SOCIAL Issues, AND VolumeENVIRONMENTAL 1, Issue 2 (August ISSUES 2020): (IJSEI) 133-136 ISSN: 2722-1369 (Online), Volume 1, Issue 2 (August 2020): 133-136 https://ojs.literacyinstitute.org/index.php/ijsei Research Article The Determinants of the Rise of Sand Mining on the Batauga Coast of South Buton Regency Hartini Amin Department of Sociology, Dayanu Ikhsanuddin University, Indonesia Email: [email protected] Abstract: This study aims to obtain information about the causes of the rise of sand mining on the coast of Batauga, South Buton Regency. This research uses a qualitative research design with a descriptive analysis method by describing it as it is about the reality obtained in the field. Data collection is done through observation and interview techniques. The results showed that the cause of the rise of sand mining in the Batauga District was caused by several factors, namely: 1). Low level of education and economic factors, sand mining activities do not require special expertise and can make money in a short time unlike farming or fishing, 2.) Lack of understanding and awareness, the community is relatively unaware of and aware of the long- term risks of mining sand, the conviction of the miners if the beach sand will never run out, and the belief that the coastal area is claimed the land as private property so that it has become the community's right to process it 3). Lack of socialization and no penalty (sanctions) for miners, 4). The existence of omission and granting of mining licenses from the government (legality) by withdrawing fees from sand mining. Keywords: Determinants Factors, Sand Mining, South Buton. Introduction alternatives as an excuse to agree on sand Batauga sub-district as the Capital of mining activities while those who refuse tend South Buton district is more famous as a sand to look at the side of the sustainability of the supplier area. This sub-district has been coastal environment. known for several years as a supplier of So far in the last 10 years, there have not mining materials in the form of sand for been many research publications on sand physical development in the surrounding area mining activities, and even if there are both for individual needs and for the published studies, they tend to look at two construction of other public facilities. Good categories, first, from the policy side as quality sand and distance that is not too far conducted by Arsyiah (2018) regarding the away is the cause of increasing demand for implementation of mining excavation C sand. This condition causes the rise of sand management policies in Batauga District, mining in this area, especially in the two similarly, Muhsin and Hidayat (2016) also urban-village that are the main suppliers, discussed the policy of mining iron sand in namely Masiri and Bandar Batauga urban Cianjur district. Second, in terms of the village. impacts of sand mining, both impacts on Sand mining activities in the Batauga environmental damage and on the socio- subdistrict were first carried out in Bandar economic life of sand miners as conducted by Batauga urban-village, which now has a very Siti Maulidah (2019) concerning the structure visible negative impact in the form of coastal of work organizations and the impact on the abrasion that almost touches residential areas, economic and social environment of sand followed by Masiri urban-village, which is miners. Correspondingly, Anggraini (2013) in currently the most widely mined. Pros and Tasikmalaya Regency. Likewise, the studies of cons become a common thing we encounter in Dini Widyasmarani Suherman et al (2015), this region for miners who are in a position to Yudhistira et al (2011), Marini et al (2014), support tend to look at the economic aspects Laode Asmin (2013) and Candra Wijaya and the existence of additional jobs as well as (2013) also conducted similar studies on the 133 Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues, Volume 1, Issue 2 (August 2020): 133-136 effects of sand mining on environmental that most of the Perda still refer to the Perda quality and the impact of sand mining on the in Buton District. For the sand mining business socio-economic life of the sand miners. up to now, it still refers to the decision of the Efforts to preserve the coastal Buton Regent No. 543 of 2010 which requires environment by issuing policies in the form of each mining business actor, both an individual sand mining management regulations and or an institution, to have a mining permit public awareness by providing information called a community mining permit (IPR) about the impact of environmental damage issued by the Mining Service after obtaining a will not be effective if it is not supported by recommendation from the Regent of Buton. information on the causes why sand mining The decree clearly states that IPR holders activities are still the only option for the must carry out mining activities within 200 survival of coastal communities, especially in meters of the coast and before conducting coastal areas in Batauga sub-district. mining activities to make sea waves to prevent The purpose of this study is to abrasion, backfilling with overburden on the complement the shortcomings of the previous former mining area. Difficult and difficult studies which will analyze the causes of the licensing procedures, the low level of rise of sand mining activities in the Coastal supervision, and the limited number of region of Batauga District of South Buton supervising personnel contribute to the Regency. Sand mining in Batauga District is emergence of illegal sand mining operations influenced by many factors, both those from that operate surreptitiously or overtly. within the community or those from outside. Batauga District is more famous as a Both of these things contribute significantly to supplier area for sand. This happens because the rise of mining actions which until now most of the people carry out sand mining continue to be carried out either clandestinely activities. Sand mining activity from year to or overtly, which are both legal and illegal to year has increased. Labor as a sand miner is be difficult to distinguish, which impacts on generally dominated by men between the ages the destruction of the ecosystem of coastal of 20 - 50 years of age which is very rare in areas and can even damage the wider social older sand miners, although some of them are structure. women and school-age children who help their parents who work as sand miners. Materials and Methods Indirectly sand mining activities can create The approach used to answer the alternative employment opportunities for problem in this study uses a qualitative people in the Batauga region. research design with a descriptive analysis The rise of sand mining in the Batauga method by describing it as it is about the District is caused by several factors, both reality obtained in the field. Data collection is inside and outside, as follows: done through direct field observation Internal Factors techniques at the location, interviews, and Internal factors are causes that originate documentation. To check the validity of the from within the community itself, namely as data obtained also used triangulation follows: techniques by comparing conditions and a. Economic factors where the activity of perspectives among informants to provide a mining sand does not require special comprehensive conclusion. expertise and can make money in a short time, unlike farming or fishing. The people Results and Discussion of Masiri Urban Village have livelihoods as The Batauga District is one of the sub- farmers, but due to the increasingly districts in the South Buton Regency. Before narrow plantation land, the distance to becoming the definitive area, Batauga District distant plantations and the absence of land was within the administrative area of Buton acquisition from the government caused Regency. South Buton Regency bloomed from most people to switch professions to Buton District in 2014 and was led by the become sand miners. Regent's Executive Officer for 3 years and only Based on interviews with several held the Regent's election in February 2017 so mine workers, it is more profitable to be a sand miner than being a farmer because it 134 Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues, Volume 1, Issue 2 (August 2020): 133-136 does not require a long time, even just a management in Batauga District had been matter of days to get this income is more done long before the issuance of the Buton profitable than being a farmer whose Regent Decree number 543 of 2010. results are sometimes not as expected, not Initially, sand management did not use to mention having to routinely maintain, workers but residents processed sand clean and not infrequently spend money from their land with modest capital and first before getting results that cannot be equipment, but as the demand for sand predicted. from the surrounding area of Batauga b. The low level of community education, District began the need for more miners where most of the people who work as was finally met, together with the sand miners do not receive tertiary emergence of negative impacts in the form education so that their understanding of of damage to the coastal environment, a the environment is not very adequate so Regent's Decree was issued on the that in their thinking is only how to meet management of mining businesses with a their daily needs by earning money series of binding regulations. Nevertheless, through work that directly results. Long- due to the lack of socialization about the term business sustainability is not a decree as well as the lack of awareness burden on their thinking, even though from relevant agencies about the negative some of them are aware of the importance effects of the logging activities taking part of the environment, but economic in the rise of sand mining, there has never pressure makes them forced to continue been a single community that has been mining sand because that is all they can do subject to strict sanctions in the form of besides farming or fishing.