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Flora of New Zealand Mosses

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Flora of New Zealand Mosses FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND MOSSES DALTONIACEAE A.J. FIFE Fascicle 34 – JULY 2017 © Landcare Research New Zealand Limited 2017. Unless indicated otherwise for specific items, this copyright work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence Attribution if redistributing to the public without adaptation: “Source: Landcare Research” Attribution if making an adaptation or derivative work: “Sourced from Landcare Research” See Image Information for copyright and licence details for images. CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION Fife, Allan J. (Allan James), 1951- Flora of New Zealand : mosses. Fascicle 34, Daltoniaceae / Allan J. Fife. -- Lincoln, N.Z. : Manaaki Whenua Press, 2017. 1 online resource ISBN 978-0-947525-14-9 (pdf) ISBN 978-0-478-34747-0 (set) 1.Mosses -- New Zealand -- Identification. I. Title. II. Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. UDC 582.344.947(931) DC 588.20993 DOI: 10.7931/B1HS3R This work should be cited as: Fife, A.J. 2017: Daltoniaceae. In: Breitwieser, I.; Wilton, A.D. Flora of New Zealand - Mosses. Fascicle 34. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln. http://dx.doi.org/10.7931/B1HS3R Cover image: Calyptrochaeta cristata, habit with capsule, moist. Drawn by Rebecca Wagstaff from V.D. Zotov s.n., 27 Aug. 1933, CHR 6867. Contents Introduction..............................................................................................................................................1 Typification...............................................................................................................................................1 Taxa Daltoniaceae .....................................................................................................................................2 Achrophyllum Vitt & Crosby ...............................................................................................................3 Achrophyllum dentatum (Hook.f. & Wilson) Vitt & Crosby .................................................................4 Achrophyllum quadrifarium (Sm.) Vitt & Crosby ................................................................................ 7 Beeveria Fife ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Beeveria distichophylloides (Broth. & Dixon) Fife ..............................................................................8 Calyptrochaeta Desv. ...................................................................................................................... 10 Calyptrochaeta apiculata (Hook.f. & Wilson) Vitt ............................................................................. 11 Calyptrochaeta brownii (Dixon) J.K.Bartlett .....................................................................................12 Calyptrochaeta cristata (Hedw.) Desv. ............................................................................................ 13 Calyptrochaeta flexicollis (Mitt.) Vitt .................................................................................................15 Crosbya Vitt ..................................................................................................................................... 16 Crosbya nervosa (Hook.f. & Wilson) Vitt ......................................................................................... 17 Crosbya straminea (Beckett) Vitt .....................................................................................................18 Daltonia Hook. & Taylor ................................................................................................................... 20 Daltonia splachnoides (Sm.) Hook. & Taylor ................................................................................... 20 Distichophyllum Dozy & Molk. ......................................................................................................... 22 Distichophyllum crispulum (Hook.f. & Wilson) Mitt. ......................................................................... 23 Distichophyllum crispulum var. adnatum (Hook.f. & Wilson) Dixon ................................................. 24 Distichophyllum crispulum (Hook.f. & Wilson) Mitt. var. crispulum .................................................. 25 Distichophyllum microcarpum (Hedw.) Mitt. .................................................................................... 26 Distichophyllum pulchellum (Hampe) Mitt. ...................................................................................... 28 Distichophyllum rotundifolium (Hook.f. & Wilson) Müll.Hal. & Broth. ...............................................30 Ephemeropsis K.I.Goebel ................................................................................................................32 Ephemeropsis trentepohlioides (Renner) Sainsbury ....................................................................... 33 References ........................................................................................................................................... 35 Conventions ..........................................................................................................................................39 Acknowledgements ...............................................................................................................................41 Plates ....................................................................................................................................................42 Maps .....................................................................................................................................................54 Index .....................................................................................................................................................56 Image Information .................................................................................................................................58 Introduction The Daltoniaceae are a moderately large family of elegant mosses occurring mostly at higher elevations in the tropics and in cooler parts of the southern hemisphere. The family is allied to the Hookeriaceae, and many of the genera have traditionally been placed in that broadly defined family. The genus Daltonia is widespread throughout tropical regions worldwide. The largest genus, Distichophyllum, is mainly distributed in tropical Asia, the islands of the Pacific, and austral regions, including New Zealand. The extraordinarily tiny Ephemeropsis consists largely of a persistent protonema giving rise to campanulate capsules; it occurs on twigs and leaves and is distributed only in N.Z., Tasmania, and Java and its surrounding islands. Several genera of Daltoniaceae are predominantly Australasian in distribution with some species and some small genera endemic to N.Z. Seven genera, 15 species and 1 variety are accepted in the N.Z. flora. Some of the most striking and characteristic mosses in the N.Z. flora belong here and some of them are often confused with hepatics. The family is recognised in part by having mostly erect or inclined doubly peristomate capsules in which the exostome teeth usually have a distinct median ‘furrow’ on their outer surface. The exothecial cell walls are usually collenchymatous and the elongate setae are often scabrous or even spiny. The calyptrae are mitrate, fringed at their base, and usually cover only the apex of the developing capsule. The vegetative leaves are mostly singly costate and often bordered by several rows of elongate and thick-walled cells. Typification The following typifications are designated in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for Plants, Algae and Fungi. Distichophyllum microcarpum var. homodictyon Sainsbury, Rev. Bryol. Lichénol. n.s. 18: 113 (1949) Lectotype (designated here): N.Z.: “Otupae [Station], Taihape”, E.A. Hodgson 717, March 1934 (“Sainsbury 9113”), WELT M005802! Hookeria adnata Hook.f. & Wilson, Bot. Antarct. Voy. II (Fl. Nov.-Zel.) Part II: 123, pl. 93, f. 4 (1854) Lectotype (designated here): N.Z., Bay of Islands, on Trichomanes elongatum, 1841, J.D. Hooker, (“Wilson 378”), BM-Wilson! Hookeria flexicollis Mitt. in Hook.f., Handb. New Zealand Fl. 496 (1867) Lectotype (designated here): N.Z., Otago, Dunedin, wet rocks, Hector, October 1862, NY-Mitt.! Isolectotypes (designated here): BM-K!, NY! Hookeria luteovirens Colenso, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 17: 260 (1885) Lectotype (designated here): N.Z., “Seventy-mile Bush, County of Waipawa”; 1883–84: W. Colenso 4030 (350), BM-K! Hookeria macroneura Colenso, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 18: 283 (1886) Lectotype (designated here): N.Z, on “swamp-mud; fine”, W. Colenso 3152 [765], BM! Hookeria maculata Colenso, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 18: 284 (1886) Lectotype (designated here): N.Z., Colenso 3042 (632), BM! Hookeria sciadophila Colenso, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 17: 259 (1885) Lectotype (designated here): N.Z., Colenso 3395, BM! Isolectotype (designated here): WELT M000301! 1 Daltoniaceae The following family description draws from Buck (1988). Plants small to medium-sized, mostly glossy, erect or prostrate, rarely layering, pale green to gold- or red-green, forming turves or mats, rarely reduced to a persistent protonema. Stems in cross-section lacking a central strand and mostly with cells similar throughout. Leaves differentiated (dimorphic) or not, and if so the lateral ones larger, often complanate, lanceolate to broadly spathulate, plane at margins, usually
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