The Bryological Times Number 123 October 2007
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Fossil Mosses: What Do They Tell Us About Moss Evolution?
Bry. Div. Evo. 043 (1): 072–097 ISSN 2381-9677 (print edition) DIVERSITY & https://www.mapress.com/j/bde BRYOPHYTEEVOLUTION Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 2381-9685 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.43.1.7 Fossil mosses: What do they tell us about moss evolution? MicHAEL S. IGNATOV1,2 & ELENA V. MASLOVA3 1 Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2 Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 3 Belgorod State University, Pobedy Square, 85, Belgorod, 308015 Russia �[email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-042X * author for correspondence: �[email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6096-6315 Abstract The moss fossil records from the Paleozoic age to the Eocene epoch are reviewed and their putative relationships to extant moss groups discussed. The incomplete preservation and lack of key characters that could define the position of an ancient moss in modern classification remain the problem. Carboniferous records are still impossible to refer to any of the modern moss taxa. Numerous Permian protosphagnalean mosses possess traits that are absent in any extant group and they are therefore treated here as an extinct lineage, whose descendants, if any remain, cannot be recognized among contemporary taxa. Non-protosphagnalean Permian mosses were also fairly diverse, representing morphotypes comparable with Dicranidae and acrocarpous Bryidae, although unequivocal representatives of these subclasses are known only since Cretaceous and Jurassic. Even though Sphagnales is one of two oldest lineages separated from the main trunk of moss phylogenetic tree, it appears in fossil state regularly only since Late Cretaceous, ca. -
Checklist of the Liverworts and Hornworts of the Interior Highlands of North America in Arkansas, Illinois, Missouri and Oklahoma
Checklist of the Liverworts and Hornworts of the Interior Highlands of North America In Arkansas, Illinois, Missouri and Oklahoma Stephen L. Timme T. M. Sperry Herbarium ‐ Biology Pittsburg State University Pittsburg, Kansas 66762 and 3 Bowness Lane Bella Vista, AR 72714 [email protected] Paul Redfearn, Jr. 5238 Downey Ave. Independence, MO 64055 Introduction Since the last publication of a checklist of liverworts and hornworts of the Interior Highlands (1997)), many new county and state records have been reported. To make the checklist useful, it was necessary to update it since its last posting. The map of the Interior Highlands of North America that appears in Redfearn (1983) does not include the very southeast corner of Kansas. However, the Springfield Plateau encompasses some 88 square kilometers of this corner of the state and includes limestone and some sandstone and shale outcrops. The vegetation is typical Ozarkian flora, dominated by oak and hickory. This checklist includes liverworts and hornworts collected from Cherokee County, Kansas. Most of what is known for the area is the result of collections by R. McGregor published in 1955. The majority of his collections are deposited in the herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden (NY). This checklist only includes the region defined as the Interior Highlands of North America. This includes the Springfield Plateau, Salem Plateau, St. Francois Mountains, Boston Mountains, Arkansas Valley, Ouachita Mountains and Ozark Hills. It encompasses much of southern Missouri south of the Missouri River, southwest Illinois; most of Arkansas except the Mississippi Lowlands and the Coastal Plain, the extreme southeastern corner of Kansas, and eastern Oklahoma (Fig. -
Globally Widespread Bryophytes, but Rare in Europe
Portugaliae Acta Biol. 20: 11-24. Lisboa, 2002 GLOBALLY WIDESPREAD BRYOPHYTES, BUT RARE IN EUROPE Tomas Hallingbäck Swedish Threatened Species Unit, P.O. Box 7007, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [email protected] Hallingbäck, T. (2002). Globally widespread bryophytes, but rare in Europe. Portugaliae Acta Biol. 20: 11-24. The need to save not only globally threatened species, but also regionally rare and declining species in Europe is discussed. One rationale of red-listing species regionally is to be preventive and to counteract the local species extinction process. There is also a value in conserving populations at the edge of their geographical range and this is discussed in terms of genetic variation. Another reason is the political willingness of acting locally rather than globally. Among the rare and non-endemic species in Europe, some are rare and threatened both in Europe and elsewhere, others are more common outside Europe and a third group is locally common within Europe but rare in the major part. How much conservation effort should be put on these three European non-endemic species groups is briefly discussed, as well as why bryophytes are threatened. A discussion is given, for example, of how a smaller total distribution range, decreasing density of localities, smaller sites, less substrate and lower habitat quality affect the survival of sensitive species. This is also compared with species that have either high or low dispersal capacity or different longevity of either vegetative parts or spores. Examples from Sweden are given. Key words: Bryophytes, rarity, Europe, dispersal capacity, Sweden. Hallingbäck, T. (2002). -
Dicranum Viride (Sull
Dicranum viride (Sull. & Lesq.) Lindb. EP Taxonomía Reino Phylum Clase Orden Familia Plantae Bryophyta Bryopsida Dicranales Dicranaceae Nombre Taxon: Dicranum viride (Sull. & Lesq.) Lindb. Evaluación Propuesta catálogo Categoría: EP Categorías de protección previas: CEANA LESPE/CEA Directiva Hábitats, Aves Libro rojo (UICN) UICN Mundial BERNA CONBONN II I Resumen y justificación de la propuesta: La localidad navarra es la única conocida en la Península Ibérica y se encuentra además relativamente aislada de otras poblaciones del lado francés del Pirineo. Dicranum viride crece sobre un número reducido de hayas en un punto concreto de Irati. Aunque no se dipone de datos para afirmar que el hábitat está en regresión, sí que se conoce que su hábitat es frágil. Por todo ello se propone la catalogación de la especie en la categoría de En Peligro de Extinción. Criterio A: Tendencia del tamaño poblacional Este criterio no es de aplicación en este taxon. Criterio B: Tendencia del área de distribución Este criterio no es de aplicación en este taxon. Criterio C: Viabilidad Poblacional Este criterio no es de aplicación en este taxon. Criterio D: Criterio experto La única localidad de la Península Ibérica se encuentra en Navarra, en concreto en Irati. Además, este musgo crece sobre la corteza de un número reducido de hayas en un punto concreto del hayedo de Irati. Dada esta situación se considera necesaria su catalogación en al categoría de En Peligro de Extinción. Consideraciones respecto a poblaciones próximas: Se conocen citas próximas en la vertiente norte francesa de Irati (Pirineos Atlánticos y Alto Garona) (Infante et al. 2012). -
The Use of Dna Barcoding to Address Major Taxonomic Problems for Rare British Bryophytes
THE USE OF DNA BARCODING TO ADDRESS MAJOR TAXONOMIC PROBLEMS FOR RARE BRITISH BRYOPHYTES FINAL REVISED REPORT FEBRUARY 2013 David Bell David Long Pete Hollingsworth Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh With major contribution from D.T. Holyoak (Bryum) CONTENTS 1. Executive summary……………………………………………………………… 3 2. Introduction……………………………………………………………………… 4 3. Methods 3.1 Sampling……………………………………………………………….. 6 3.2 DNA extraction & sequencing…………………………………………. 7 3.3 Data analysis…………………………………………………………… 9 4. Results 4.1 Sequencing success…………………………………………………….. 9 4.2 Species accounts 4.2.1 Atrichum angustatum ………………………………………… 10 4.2.2 Barbilophozia kunzeana ………………………………………13 4.2.3 Bryum spp……………………………………………………. 16 4.2.4 Cephaloziella spp…………………………………………….. 26 4.2.5 Ceratodon conicus …………………………………………… 29 4.2.6 Ditrichum cornubicum & D. plumbicola …………………….. 32 4.2.7 Ephemerum cohaerens ……………………………………….. 36 4.2.8 Eurhynchiastrum pulchellum ………………………………… 36 4.2.9 Leiocolea rutheana …………………………………………... 39 4.2.10 Marsupella profunda ……………………………………….. 42 4.2.11 Orthotrichum pallens & O. pumilum ……………………….. 45 4.2.12 Pallavicinia lyellii …………………………………………... 48 4.2.13 Rhytidiadelphus subpinnatus ……………………………….. 49 4.2.14 Riccia bifurca & R. canaliculata ………………………........ 51 4.2.15 Sphaerocarpos texanus ……………………………………... 54 4.2.16 Sphagnum balticum ………………………………………… 57 4.2.17 Thamnobryum angustifolium & T. cataractarum …………... 60 4.2.18 Tortula freibergii …………………………………………… 62 5. Conclusions……………………………………………………………………… 65 6. Dissemination of results………………………………………………………… -
AMBRA1 Controls Plant Development and Senescence in Physcomitrella Patens
Presentation type: Oral Presentation, Poster Presentation (underline the preferred type) AMBRA1 controls plant development and senescence in Physcomitrella patens. Alessandro Alboresi1, Jessica Ceccato1, Tomas Morosinotto1, Luisa Dalla Valle1. The first one should be the presenting/corresponding author (underlined) 1Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padova ([email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]) Autophagy is a universal mechanism that in plants control development, resistance to stresses and starvation. The role of autophagy is possible thanks to the programmed degradation of cell material that is delivered to the vacuole where hydrolases and proteases are localized. So far, many autophagy-related proteins (ATGs) have been identified. Some of them are universal, some are either specific to animals, plants or yeast. ATG protein complexes govern autophagosome initiation, nucleation, expansion, and maturation. In particular, the regulation of nucleation by the ATG6 (Beclin-1 in mammals) complex has not been well defined in plants. Here we described the study of the Activating Molecule in Beclin 1-Regulated Autophagy (AMBRA1) protein, recently identified in mice and then characterized in our department in zebrafish and in the non-vertebrate chordate Botryllus schlosseri. In animals AMBRA1 is a positive regulator of autophagy that binds Beclin-1 upon autophagic stimuli. AMBRA1 is a large intrinsically disordered protein, able to bind other regulatory partners involved in cell processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, cell proliferation, development and cancer. AMBRA1 sequence was found in plant genomes and we are studying its function in Physcomitrella patens where two lowly expressed genes are present, AMBRA1a and AMBRA1b. -
Flora of New Zealand Mosses
FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND MOSSES DALTONIACEAE A.J. FIFE Fascicle 34 – JULY 2017 © Landcare Research New Zealand Limited 2017. Unless indicated otherwise for specific items, this copyright work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence Attribution if redistributing to the public without adaptation: “Source: Landcare Research” Attribution if making an adaptation or derivative work: “Sourced from Landcare Research” See Image Information for copyright and licence details for images. CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION Fife, Allan J. (Allan James), 1951- Flora of New Zealand : mosses. Fascicle 34, Daltoniaceae / Allan J. Fife. -- Lincoln, N.Z. : Manaaki Whenua Press, 2017. 1 online resource ISBN 978-0-947525-14-9 (pdf) ISBN 978-0-478-34747-0 (set) 1.Mosses -- New Zealand -- Identification. I. Title. II. Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. UDC 582.344.947(931) DC 588.20993 DOI: 10.7931/B1HS3R This work should be cited as: Fife, A.J. 2017: Daltoniaceae. In: Breitwieser, I.; Wilton, A.D. Flora of New Zealand - Mosses. Fascicle 34. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln. http://dx.doi.org/10.7931/B1HS3R Cover image: Calyptrochaeta cristata, habit with capsule, moist. Drawn by Rebecca Wagstaff from V.D. Zotov s.n., 27 Aug. 1933, CHR 6867. Contents Introduction..............................................................................................................................................1 Typification...............................................................................................................................................1 -
Characters of Bryophytes and Their Classification
Unit–1 Characters of Bryophytes and their Classification (Lesson Structure) 1.0 Objective 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Characters of Bryophytes 1.3 Classification of Bryophytes 1.4 Questions for Exercise 1.5 Suggested readings 1.0 Objective : Bryophytes occupy a position just intermediate between the green thallophytes (Algae) and the vascular cryptogams (Pteridophytes). The objective of this unit is to make the students familiar with the characters & classification of Bryophytes. 1.1 Introduction : Bryophytes are plants of amphibious zone. During the dry period they become almost brittle in texture. With the onset of rainy season the apparently dried, brittle thalli turn green and become active to carry out the normal life functions. The group Bryophyta (Greek word; Byon = moss, Phyton = plant) includes the simplest and most primitive land plants. About 960 genera & 24,000 species have been reported in Bryophyta. Most of the Bryophytes are land dwellers which inhabit damp, shaded and humid localities. They are essentially terrestrial but they fail to complete their life cycle without water. Thus due to Characters of Bryophytes and their Classification peculiar type of their habitats, they are neither treated as perfect land plants nor aquatic. They are therefore, most appropriately called as amphibians of the plant kingdom. However] a few grow under diverse habitat such as aquatic submerged in water (eg. Riella, Riccia fluitans, Ricciocarpus), in bogs (e.g. Sphagnum), as epiphytes on tree trunks and branches (e.g. Dendroceros), epiphyllous (e.g. Radula protensa) or even in desert (e.g. Tortula desertorum ). 1.2 Characters of Bryophytes : Habitat (1) The plants usually grow in moist and shady places. -
Occurrence of the Green Shield-Moss Buxbaumia Viridis (Moug.) Brid
Article Occurrence of the Green Shield-Moss Buxbaumia viridis (Moug.) Brid. in the Bieszczady Mountains of Poland Piotr Brewczy ´nski 1, Kamil Grałek 2 and Piotr Bila ´nski 3,* 1 Głogów Forest District, ul. Fabryczna 57, 36-060 Głogów Małopolski, Poland; [email protected] 2 The Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Krosno, ul. Bieszczadzka 2, 38-400 Krosno, Poland; [email protected] 3 Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-1266-253-69 Abstract: The small-sized gametophytes and sporophytes of the green shield-moss Buxbaumia viridis (Moug.) Brid. make it difficult to study. However, in Europe, there has been increasing interest in this species in the past few years, mostly as a result of the implementation of the Natura 2000 network. In Poland, B. viridis has only been reported in isolated studies that have been limited in terms of area and the number of participating workers. One of the Polish regions where B. viridis was recently recorded is the Bieszczady Mountains, but there have been no large-scale surveys of that region to date. The objective of the current work was to describe the B. viridis population in the Bieszczady Mountains in terms of its spatial distribution and abundance, investigate its selected microhabitat preferences, and evaluate the conservation status of this moss species within the Natura 2000 site Bieszczady PLC180001. The studied region encompassed 93,490.44 ha, including 69,056.23 ha of managed forests and 24,434.21 ha of forests belonging to the Bieszczady National Park. -
Réponse Des Espèces Lignicoles À La Disponibilité Des Habitats En Forêt Tempérée : Approche Multi-Échelles Du Micro-Habitat Au Paysage Gwendoline Percel
Réponse des espèces lignicoles à la disponibilité des habitats en forêt tempérée : approche multi-échelles du micro-habitat au paysage Gwendoline Percel To cite this version: Gwendoline Percel. Réponse des espèces lignicoles à la disponibilité des habitats en forêt tempérée : approche multi-échelles du micro-habitat au paysage. Biologie végétale. Université d’Orléans, 2018. Français. NNT : 2018ORLE2055. tel-02394901 HAL Id: tel-02394901 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02394901 Submitted on 5 Dec 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ D’ORLÉANS ÉCOLE DOCTORALE (SANTE, SCIENCES BIOLOGIQUES ET CHIMIE DU VIVANT) Equipe biodiversité, IRSTEA Nogent-sur-Vernisson THÈSE présentée par : Gwendoline PERCEL soutenue le : 14 Décembre 2018 pour obtenir le grade de : Docteur de l’université d’Orléans Discipline/ Spécialité : Ecologie Réponse des espèces lignicoles à la disponibilité des habitats en forêt tempérée approche multi-échelles du micro-habitat au paysage THÈSE co-dirigée par : Christophe BOUGET Ingénieur-chercheur HDR, Irstea -
M.Sc. BOTANY SEMESTER - I BO- 7115 PAPER - I DIVERSITY of VIRUSES, MYCOPLASMA, BACTERIA and FUNGI (60 Hrs)
ST. JOSEPH'S COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) M.Sc. BOTANY SEMESTER - I BO- 7115 PAPER - I DIVERSITY OF VIRUSES, MYCOPLASMA, BACTERIA AND FUNGI (60 Hrs) Unit I Five kingdom, Eight kingdom classification and Three domains of 02 hrs living organisms. Unit -II Viruses – general characters, nomenclature, classification; 08 hrs morphology, structure, transmission and replication. Purification of plant viruses. Symptoms of viral diseases in plants Mycoplasma – General characters , classification ,ultrastructure 05 hrs Unit-III and reproduction. Brief account of mycoplasmal diseases of plants- Little leaf of Brinjal. Unit -IV Bacteria –Forms, distribution and classification according to 12 hrs Bergy’s System, Classification based on DNA-DNA hybridization, 16s rRNA sequencing; Nutritional types: Autotrophic, heterotrophic, photosynthetic,chemosynthetic,saprophytic,parasitic and symbiotic ; A brief account on methonogenic bacteria ; Brief account of Actinomycetes and their importance in soil and medical microbiology. Unit – V Fungi 20 hrs General characteristics, Classification (Ainsworth 1973, McLaughlin 2001), structure and reproduction. Salient features of Myxomycota, Mastigomycotina, Zygomycotina, Ascomycotina, Basidiomycotina and Deuteromycotina and their classificafion upto class level. Unit - VI Brief account of fungal heterothallism, sex hormones and 09 hrs Parasexual cycle. Brief account of mycorrhizae,lichens, fungal symbionts in insects, fungi as biocontrol agents ( Trichoderma and nematophagous). Unit – VII Isolation, purification and culturing of microorganisms 04 hrs (bacteria and fungi). 1 PRACTICALS: Micrometry. Haemocytometer. Isolation, culture and staining techniques of Bacteria and Fungi. Type study: Stemonites, Synchytrium, Saprolegnia, Albugo, Phytophthora, Mucor/Rhizopus , Erysiphe, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Pencillium, Morchella, Hamileia, Ustilago Lycoperdon, Cyathes, Dictyophora, Polyporus, Trichoderma, Curvularia, Alternaria, Drechslera and Pestalotia. Study of few bacterial, viral, mycoplasmal diseases in plants (based on availability). -
Wikstrom2009chap13.Pdf
Liverworts (Marchantiophyta) Niklas Wikströma,*, Xiaolan He-Nygrénb, and our understanding of phylogenetic relationships among A. Jonathan Shawc major lineages and the origin and divergence times of aDepartment of Systematic Botany, Evolutionary Biology Centre, those lineages. Norbyvägen 18D, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D 75236, Altogether, liverworts (Phylum Marchantiophyta) b Uppsala, Sweden; Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural comprise an estimated 5000–8000 living species (8, 9). History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 7, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Early and alternative classiA cations for these taxa have cDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA *To whom correspondence should be addressed (niklas.wikstrom@ been numerous [reviewed by Schuster ( 10)], but the ebc.uu.se) arrangement of terminal taxa (species, genera) into lar- ger groups (e.g., families and orders) based on morpho- logical criteria alone began in the 1960s and 1970s with Abstract the work of Schuster (8, 10, 11) and Schljakov (12, 13), and culminated by the turn of the millenium with the work Liverworts (Phylum Marchantiophyta) include 5000–8000 of Crandall-Stotler and Stotler (14). 7 ree morphological species. Phylogenetic analyses divide liverworts into types of plant bodies (gametophytes) have generally been Haplomitriopsida, Marchantiopsida, and Jungerman- recognized and used in liverwort classiA cations: “com- niopsida. Complex thalloids are grouped with Blasiales in plex thalloids” including ~6% of extant species diversity Marchantiopsida, and leafy liverworts are grouped with and with a thalloid gametophyte that is organized into Metzgeriidae and Pelliidae in Jungermanniopsida. The distinct layers; “leafy liverworts”, by far the most speci- timetree shows an early Devonian (408 million years ago, ose group, including ~86% of extant species diversity and Ma) origin for extant liverworts.