Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-83762-0 — State Formation and Shared Sovereignty Christopher W

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Index

Absberg, Hans Thomas von, 42–4 Bamberg, Prince-bishopric of, 135–6, Act of Abjuration, 203 141–2, 160, 275, 277 Act of Seclusion, 322–4 conﬂict over Betzenstein, 146–57, Alba, Duke of, 172, 175–6, 180, 182, 158–9, 166 184–5, 187–8, 189–90, 194, 197–8, relations with Nuremberg, 140–1, 143–5, 199, 207, 330 146–57, 158–9 Albert VII, Archduke and Governor of the Barnes, Robert, 67 Habsburg Netherlands, 242 Basel, 59 Albrecht Alcibiades, Margrave of Bavaria, Duchy of, 22, 29, 30, 35–6, 98, 99, Brandenburg-Kulmbach, 126, 130–1, 100–1, 128, 133, 140, 212, 242, 255, 141–2, 159 275, 333 Albrecht IV, Duke of Bavaria, 35–6, 333 Bavaria, Prince-electorate of, 278, 280, Albrecht V, Duke of Bavaria, 96, 105, 128, 312, 313, 333 129–32, 138–9, 154, 155–6, 165, Bergen, Maximilian van, 41–2 170–4, 176–8, 180–4, 186–94, 204, Bern, 59 207, 277, 299, 333 Besserer, Bernhard, 61 Alsace, 170–1, 211, 221, 227–39, 259, Betzenstein, 135–7, 143, 145–54, 155, 274, 309 156–9, 161, 177, 193, 194 Amsterdam, 206, 318, 319 Bicken, Johann Adam von, Elector of Anglo-Dutch War, First, 322–4 Mainz, 212 Anhalt, Christian von, 222–3, 226, 227, Blickle, Peter, 24, 47 230, 231, 239, 256, 267, 272 Bodin, Jean, 16–17 Anna of Austria, 105 Bohemia, Kingdom of, 211, 235, 237, 245, Anne of Cleves, 68 247, 255–65, 267–73, 275, 280, 334–5 Antwerp, 198–9, 205 Bouwinghausen, Benjamin, 222–3, 226, Army of Flanders, 198–9 227, 251 Artois, Province of, 204 Brabant, Province of, 205 Artzt, Ulrich, 45 Brady, Tom, 7 Auerbach, 135, 148 Brandenburg, Prince-electorate of, 173, Augsburg, 29, 37, 55, 56–7, 60, 64, 66, 209, 214 71–3, 77, 82, 87, 93, 99, 101–5, 123, Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach, 125, 127, 130, 132, 140, 192–4, 196–7 Margraviate of, 37 Augsburg Confession, 53, 61–2, 64–5, 67, Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Margraviate of, 74, 104, 123, 124, 127, 132, 168, 170, 257, 264, 271 182–3, 187, 191, 215 Braunschweig, 63, 85, 87, 88, Augsburg Interim, 122–3, 127 310 August, Elector of Saxony, 163–4, 173, Braunschweig Union, 311 175, 177, 180–1, 182–4, 186, Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, Duchy of, 20, 195, 207 71, 84–93, 100, 109, 110, 111, Austria, Archduchy of, 131, 133, 221 225, 228 Aytta, Viglius van, 119–21, 122 Bremen, 310

361

362 Index

Brendel, Daniel, Elector of Mainz, 179, Christian III, King of Denmark, 68 187, 190 Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg- Brill, 197 Bayreuth, 297 Brussels, 118, 119, 175, 205 Christoph, Duke of Württemberg, 38, 96, Bucer, Martin, 83, 91, 106, 108, 110 127–8, 129–32, 133, 138, 140, 334 Bugenhagen, Johannes, 60 Cities War (1449–1450), 28 Burgau, 192 Cologne War, 195–6, 212, 238 Burgundian Netherlands. See Low Cologne, Prince-electorate of, 106–7, 170, Countries 172, 173, 195–6, 212, 256, 326, 333 Burgundian Transaction, 20, 117, 119–22, comuneros revolt, 9 134, 168, 172, 174, 184, 199, 203, 330 Confessio Augustana. See Augsburg Burkhardt, Johannes, 246 Confession Constance, 33, 111, 336 Calendar Controversy, 196–7 Constance, Prince-bishopric of, 33 Calvin, John, 274 Council of Trent, 234 Cambresis, Province of, 204 Council of Troubles, 175 Camerarius, Ludwig, 257 Cromwell, Thomas, 67 Carl, Horst, 31 Casimir, Anselm, Elector of Mainz, 301 de la Court, Pieter, 325 Catholic League (France), 9 de Witt, Johann, 321–6 Catholic League (Holy Roman Empire). Decapolis, 27 See Catholic Liga Defenestration of Prague, 245, 249, Catholic League of Nuremberg. See League 256, 261 of Nuremberg Denmark, Kingdom of, 66, 68, 296 Catholic Liga, 22, 242–4, 249, 258, 267, Discursus Politicus, 245–7, 254, 282, 283, 305–6, 333, 335, 336 300, 315 creation, 219–21 Donauwörth, 213, 217, 219, 224, 234, 236, criticism from Imperial Camp, 253–4, 257, 297 281–4, 300 Dormitz, 143–5, 147, 151 historiography, 209–10 Dornach, 34 invasion of Alsace, 210–12, 236, 237–42, Dornperger, Jörg, 135, 146, 147–8, 263–4, 276–7, 284 149, 156 Jülich-Kleve-Berg, 238–9, 240, 251–2 Dort, Synod of, 317–18 Munich Summit, 264–7 Dutch Republic, 1, 11, 21, 22, 168, 208, Peace of Prague, 299, 301–3 222, 227, 238, 239, 251, 273, 292, revolt in Bohemia, 261–4, 265, 268–73 295, 329, 330–1 Thirty Years’ War, 245–8, 261–7, Act of Seclusion, 322–4 268–73, 275–86, 287, 291–4, 297, Arminians, 317–18 299, 301–3 Council of State, 206 Treaty of Ulm, 270–2, 275 Counter-Remonstrants, 317–18 Udenheim, 254–5, 263 debate over Political Organization, war ﬁnancing, 275–80, 290, 299 287–9, 316–27 Chamber Court. See Imperial Chamber Dutch Revolt, 202–6, 316–17 Court French Invasion, 311, 325–6 Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, Great Assembly, 322 26, 117 historiography, 8–9 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 14, 20, Peace of Westphalia, 303, 316–17, 318 41–2, 43, 48, 53, 54, 67, 68, 73, 76, 79, stadholder, 15, 287, 318–26 83, 85, 91, 98, 100, 101–2, 104–5, 106, Treaty with Protestant Union, 249–51, 107, 108–11, 112–22, 123–8, 134, 268, 272, 299 141–2, 161, 172, 174, 191, 214, 235, Dutch Revolt, 96, 97, 168–70, 175–6, 261, 273, 292 197–206, 222, 316–17, 330 Christian I, Elector of Saxony, 212 Christian II, Elector of Saxony, 216, Eber, Hans, 151 222, 242 Eberhard III, Duke of Württemberg, 293

Index 363

Ecclesiastical Reservation. See Religious Friedrich III, Holy Roman Emperor, Peace of Augsburg. Ecclesiastical 24, 28–9 Reservation Friedrich IV, Elector of the Palatinate, 212, Eck, Leonhard von, 39, 40, 46, 47, 76–7, 222, 228, 231, 233, 235–6, 334 80, 85–7, 89, 97–101, 105, 109, Friedrich V, Elector of the Palatinate, 211, 114–15 236, 237, 248, 252, 254–5, 257–60, Eck, Simon, 172, 181–2, 187–8 263, 264, 267–8, 270, 271–3, 275, Edict of Restitution, 279–80, 287, 289–91, 278, 280, 285–6, 304, 334–5 294, 299, 303, 332 Friedrich Wilhelm, Elector of Edict of Worms, 48–9, 53, 59 Brandenburg, 312 Egmont, Count of, 175 Friedrich, King of Bohemia. See Friedrich Eichstätt, Prince-bishopric of, 80, 275 V, Elector of the Palatinate Elchingen, Abbey of, 263 Friedrich, Prince-bishop of Würzburg, Enforcement Ordinance. See Imperial 153–4 Enforcement Ordinance Friesland, Province of, 321, 322 England, Commonwealth of, 322–4 Fugger banking house, 41 England, Kingdom of, 66, 67–8, 69, 70, Fürstenbund. See Princes League (1785) 171, 220, 227, 238, 251, 268, 299, Fütterer, Jakob, 190–1 325, 336 Erfurt, 171, 173, 310 Gabler, Johann, 209 Ernst of Bavaria, Elector of Cologne, 172, Gabor, Bethlen, 268 195, 238 Galen, Christoph Bernhard von, Prince- Esslingen, 27, 39, 63 bishop of Münster, 326 European Union, 6, 18 Geizkoﬂer, Zacharias, 253 Gelderland, Duchy of, 105–6, 119 Feige, Johann, 64 Gelderland, Province of, 321 Ferdinand I, German King and Holy Georg Friedrich, Margrave of Baden- Roman Emperor, 44, 54, 69, 75, 79, Durlach, 228, 231–2 81, 88–9, 91, 105, 114, 123, 125–7, Georg Wilhelm, Elector of Brandenburg, 128, 131, 132, 138, 149, 154–5, 156, 289, 295 161–3, 182 Georg, Duke of Saxony, 79, 81 Ferdinand II, Archduke of Tirol, 171, 187, German Peasants’ War, 44–8, 49 189, 192–4, 196 Ghent, 118 Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, 245, Giebelstadt, Melchior Zobel von, Prince- 256, 257–8, 259–60, 262–3, 269, 270, bishop of Würzburg, 160, 164 273, 279, 280–4, 289, 291, 297, 298, Goetz, Walter, 164 300–2 Golden Bull, 26, 283–4, 304 Ferdinand, Elector of Cologne, 301 Goslar, 85, 87, 88 Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba. Gotha, 164 See Alba, Duke of Gotthard, Axel, 246 Flanders, Province of, 118, 205 Gräfenberg, 152, 154, 156 Forchheim, 141 Gregorian Calendar, 196 Four-Cities Confession, 53, 61–2, 64–5, 74 Gregory XIII, Pope, 195 France, Kingdom of, 9, 66–7, 69, 70, 75, Grim, Bonacors von, 99 113, 124–5, 142, 170, 222–3, 227, Groningen, Province of, 201, 202, 205, 290, 298, 300, 304, 309–13, 336 321, 322 Francois I, King of France, 38, 66–7, 70, 75 Grumbach, Wilhelm von, 137, 143, 159–65 Franconian Union, 126, 128, 141–2, 153–4 Gugel, Christoph, 181 Frankfurt, 296 Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, 280, Friedrich I, Duke of Württemberg, 213 284, 289, 290, 291–2, 295 Friedrich II, Elector of the Palatinate, 96, 128, 130 Habsburg Netherlands. See Low Countries Friedrich II, King of Prussia, 314 Hainault, Province of, 204 Friedrich III, Elector of the Palatinate, Hamburg, 63 171, 183 Hanse, 10–11, 63, 199

364 Index

Hanseatic League. See Hanse Bavarian Circle, 139–40, 277, 306, 308 Hardy, Duncan, 26 Burgundian Circle, 15, 118–19, Hass, Hans, 151–2, 156 120–1, 311 Heidelberg, 272, 276, 278 Circle Associations, 22, 288, 290, 292–4, Heilbronn, 229, 293 298, 305, 306–9, 311, 312–13, 327, Heinrich, Duke of Braunschweig-Wolfenb 329, 331, 336 üttel, 20, 79–80, 82, 85–6, 88, 89–90, Electoral Rhenish Circle, 292–3 91, 92–3, 98–9, 100, 103, 131, 138 Franconian Circle, 139–40, 142, 153, Held, Matthias, 78–80, 82 163, 277–8, 292–3, 306, 308, 311 Henneberg, Berthold von, Elector of Imperial Enforcement Ordinance, Mainz, 35 135–40, 155, 158, 161–4, 178–9, Henri II, King of France, 124–5, 126 307–8 Henri IV, King of France, 222–3, 227, League of Heilbronn, 292–4, 296–7, 298 239 League of Leipzig, 290 Henry VIII, King of England, 67–8 Lower Saxon Circle, 293, 296, 308 Hesse, Landgraviate of, 29, 90, 99 Swabian Circle, 138–40, 213, 277–8, Hesse-Kassel, Landgraviate of, 300, 302 292–3, 306, 308, 334 Hoffman, Jakob, 145, 151 Upper Rhenish Circle, 292–3 Holland, Province of, 15, 197, 199, 200–2, Upper Saxon Circle, 163, 293, 296, 308 203, 205, 287–8, 318–19, 320–5, 326 Westphalian Circle, 118–19, 121 Holstein, Duchy of, 68 Imperial Diet, 14, 162, 305, 308, 313 Holy Ghost Hospital, Augsburg, 192 Diet of Augsburg (1530), 53, 61–2, 72, 77 Holy Roman Empire Diet of Augsburg (1547–48), 112, historiography, 5–8, 332 116–17, 119–22 Political Organization, 12–14, 16, Diet of Augsburg (1555), 132–3, 135–7 31–2, 43–4 Diet of Augsburg (1566), 163 Public Peace, 30, 79, 102, 127–8, Diet of Regensburg (1541), 98 129–31, 137–8, 142, 150, 152, 154–9, Diet of Regensburg (1608), 213–15, 219 160–5, 185, 232, 290 Diet of Regensburg (1613), 253 Reichshofrat. See Imperial Aulic Court Diet of Speyer (1526), 50, 94 Reichskammergericht. See Imperial Diet of Speyer (1529), 59, 214 Chamber Court Diet of Speyer (1544), 90 Reichskreise. See Imperial Circles Diet of Speyer (1570), 180, 184–9 Reichsreform. See Imperial Reform Diet of Worms (1495), 26, 31–2, 33, Movement 137, 304 Reichsregiment. See Imperial Governing Diet of Worms (1545), 92, 120 Council Organization, 12–13 Reichstag. See Imperial Diet Imperial Enforcement Ordinance, 21, 132, Hölz, Thomas, 221 135–40, 143, 149, 152, 153, 154–9, Hooft, Pieter Corenliszoon, 206 160–5, 166, 168, 179, 193, 196, 290, Hoorn, Count of, 175 307–8, 331 Huguenots, 170 Imperial Governing Council, 43–4 Hundt, Wigeleus, 187 Imperial League, 20, 97, 112–17, 120, 121, 122, 123, 126, 127, 134, 292, 306, Imhoff, Endris, 264 307, 330 Imperial Aulic Court, 13, 213 Imperial Reform Movement, 31–2 Imperial Chamber Court, 13, 14, 31–2, 37, Interim. See Augsburg Interim 61, 66, 73–4, 78, 79, 82, 93–4, 111, Irsee, Abbey of, 275 119, 120, 122, 132, 142, 150, 151, 153, 155, 158–9, 160, 162, 181, James I, King of England, 222, 268, 334 192–4, 212–13, 220, 331 Joachim Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg- Imperial Circles, 14, 116, 119–20, 129, Ansbach, 228, 256, 257–8, 269–70 131, 185, 190, 215, 220, 265–6, Joachim II, Elector of Brandenburg, 277–8, 279, 284, 300, 302, 305, 331 114, 183 Austrian Circle, 139, 171 Jocher, Wilhelm, 255

Index 365

Johann Friedrich II, Duke of Saxony, creation, 138–40 161–2, 163–4 final years, 196–7, 209 Johann Friedrich, Duke of Württemberg, relationship to Imperial Circles, 139–40, 226, 228, 250, 257 161–4, 277 Johann Friedrich, Elector of Saxony, 59, 60, Wilhelm von Grumbach, 159–65, 166–7 64, 67–8, 74–5, 78, 82, 83, 84–93, 95, League of Leipzig, 289–92, 293, 294, 306, 97–101, 105–7, 109, 110–11, 115, 307, 314, 335 123, 125, 190, 335 League of Magdeburg. See Magdeburger Johann Georg, Elector of Saxony, 242, 266, League 270, 280, 287, 289–90, 291, 295–6, League of Mergentheim, 27, 28 298, 299, 300–1, 335 League of Nuremberg, 20, 84, 85–7, 89, 94, Johann Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg, 99, 104, 112, 179, 188, 219, 248, 333 222, 251–2 League of Saint George’s Shield, 27 Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Jülich-Kleve- League of Schmalkalden. See Schmalkaldic Berg, 222 League Johann, Elector of Saxony, 58, 59, 61–2 Leibniz, Gottfried, 17, 305–6 Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, 313–14 Leipzig, 152 Jülich, 222, 239, 251 Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, 309, Jülich-Kleve-Berg, Duchies of, 105–6, 211, 311–13 221–8, 230, 238–9, 251–2 Leopold, Archduke of Austria. See Leopold, Julius Echter, Prince-bishop of Prince-bishop of Strasbourg and Würzburg, 219 Passau Leopold, Prince-bishop of Strasbourg and Keller, Hans, 49–51, 52 Passau, 222–3, 227–8, 235, 237–8, Kempten, Abbey of, 239, 275 239, 262 Khlesl, Melchior von, 253 Löffelholz, Thomas, 177–9, 180–1, 185–7, Kniebis, Claus von, 58 190–1 Knights’ War, 42–4, 161 Löffler, Jakob, 293 Knöringen, Heinrich von, Prince-bishop Lorraine, Duchy of, 120, 311 of Augsburg, 263 Louis XIV, King of France, 309–11 Koler, Hans, 150–1, 152, 155 Low Countries, 20, 106, 107, 195, 222, Komerstadt, Georg, 115 242, 270, 308, 313 Burgundian Transaction, 119–22, 134 Landfrieden. See Holy Roman Empire. Dutch Revolt, 168–70, 175–6, 197–206, Public Peace 212, 316–17 Landshut, 35 Political Organization, 14–16, 96–7, Laubach, Ernst, 116 117–18, 174, 198–206, 207–8, 330–1 Laxenburg Alliance, 311–13, 333 Proposed Inclusion in Imperial League, League of Augsburg, 313, 329, 333 113–17, 119 League of Heidelberg, 128–33, 138, 142, Proposed Inclusion in League of 333, 334 Landsberg, 172, 175–6, 178–9, 181–2, League of Heilbronn, 288, 292–9, 300–1, 184, 185–8, 189–91, 207, 299 305, 306, 307, 309, 334, 335 relation to alliances in the Empire, 80, League of Landsberg, 20–1, 132, 135–7, 96–7, 168–70, 227, 249–51, 263, 268 142–3, 152, 168–70, 200, 201–2, 205, relationship to the Empire, 118–22, 203 211–12, 214–15,219,222,232,237, Lower Union of Alsace, 26, 117 261, 274, 280, 282, 283, 288, 295, 306, Ludwig V, Elector of the Palatinate, 80 307, 309, 313, 335, 336 Ludwig X, Duke of Bavaria, 38, 69–70, 79, attempts at expansion, 170–4, 175–91, 83, 86, 105 204, 207, 210, 219, 238, 242, 299, 330 Luther, Martin, 48, 56, 59–60, 95 Cologne War, 194–6 Lützelburg, 192–4 conflict over Betzenstein, 153–9, 166, 193 Maas River, 134, 179 conflict over Lützelburg, 192–4 Magdeburg, 111

366 Index

Magdeburger League, 58 Protestant Union, 216–17, 224–7, Mainz, Prince-electorate of, 29, 70, 170, 228–9, 231, 234–6, 237, 250, 252, 173, 177, 188, 190, 212, 219, 242, 254, 257, 258–9, 265, 267 255, 256, 284, 308 Relations with Bamberg, 140–1, 143–5, Mansfeld, Ernst von, 276, 279 146–57, 158–9 Margaret of Austria, 118 Nuremberg Argumenta, 178–9, 180–1, Margaret of Parma, 175 185, 306 Margrave War, 141–2, 153, 159 Marienburg Alliance, 311 Ochsenhausen, 127 Martoccio, Michael, 19 Ölhafen, Johannes, 258–60, 264–7, 269 Mary of Hungary, 118, 119, 122 Osnabrück, 303 Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor, 234, Overijssel, Province of, 321, 326 245, 253–4, 256, 261, 262, 282, Oxenstierna, Axel, 292–4, 296–8, 300 283, 300 Maximilian I, Duke and Elector of Bavaria, Paciﬁcation of Ghent, 199–200, 202, 204 197, 209, 211, 213, 219, 221, 238–42, Pack Affair, 51–3, 58 243, 247, 249, 251–2, 254, 256, 259, Palatinate, Prince-electorate of, 70, 90, 261–7, 269–73, 275–82, 283–6, 299, 183, 199, 209, 212, 216, 222, 233, 301–2, 303, 306, 333 236, 243, 251, 254, 260, 263, 264, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, 29, 268, 270–4, 278, 300, 304, 334–5 31, 33–5, 37–9, 181, 186 Paulus, Pieter, 329 Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, Peace of Augsburg. See Religious Peace of 123, 163, 165, 170, 171–2, 174, 176, Augsburg 178, 180–1, 182–4, 185, 188–9, Peace of Passau, 125–7, 128, 131, 132, 195, 207 141, 331 Maximilian, Archduke of Austria, 241–2 Peace of Prague, 283, 298–303, 304, 306, Mayr, Georg, 192 332, 335 Melanchthon, Philipp, 53 Peace of Westphalia, 3, 22, 70, 288, 300, Memmingen, 49–51, 93 303–6, 307, 308, 309, 311, 312–13, Metz, 126 314–15, 316–17, 318, 327, 329, 332, Milan, Duchy of, 67 335, 336 Minden, 82 Peasants’ War. See German Peasants’ War Moritz, Duke and Elector of Saxony, 100, Pennington, Kenneth, 17 110–11, 115, 123–6, 127, 294, Perbinger, Onofferus, 181–2 299, 335 Philip II, King of Spain, 14, 121, 123, Mörke, Olaf, 206 174–5, 184, 191, 197–8, 203, 292 Mortimer, Geoff, 216 Philipp Ludwig, Duke of Pfalz-Neuburg, Mühlberg, 111, 113 222 Munich, 154, 176, 239, 241 Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse, 49, 51–3, 55, Münster, 303 57–61, 63, 65, 67, 70–1, 74–6, 80, 82–93, 95, 97–101, 102, 103, 106–8, Naves, Johann von, 101–2 109, 110–11, 123, 125, 190, 255 Neuhaus, 140, 151 Plessen, Volrad von, 264 Neunkirchen, 143–4, 145 Poland-Lithuania, Commonwealth of, Nine Years League, 76–8, 102, 104, 129, 9, 296 141 Pomerania, 295, 296 Nuremberg, 29, 37, 49, 51–2, 58, 71–3, 76, Pragmatic Sanction, 174 99, 101–5, 116, 141–2, 160, 161, 166, Prague, 180, 238, 245, 260, 264, 272 194, 296–7, 306, 336 Prague Princes, 234, 237 conﬂict over Betzenstein, 135–6, 146–57, Princes League (1552), 124–6 158–9, 166 Princes League (1785), 313–16, 329, 333 Departure from League of Protestant Union, 1, 22, 65, 68, 87, 93, 94, Landsberg, 196 107, 196, 216–18, 242–4, 280, 281, League of Landsberg Expansion, 283, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 301, 177–81, 185–7, 189, 190–1, 207, 224 302, 303, 309, 315, 334–5, 336

Index 367

creation, 214–16, 219–21 Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, 195, 213, criticism from Imperial Camp, 222, 230, 232, 234, 235, 238 253–4, 282 Ruprecht, Count of the Palatinate, 35–6 debate over Crown of Bohemia, 257–61, 267, 269–70 Saale, Margarethe von der, 84 fears of revival, 290–1 Saalfelder Alliance, 69–70, 73, 77, 98, 124 Gravamina, 213–16, 219, 220, 222–3, Sabina of Bavaria, 38 224–6, 229, 235, 250–1, 254, 257, Sailer, Gereon, 98, 100, 110 259, 261, 264–6, 269–70, 293, Salem, Abbey of, 221, 241, 263 295, 304 Salzburg, Prince-bishopric of, 190, 286 historiography, 209–10, 274 Saxony, Duchy of, 162–4, 335 invasion of Alsace, 210–12, 228–41, Saxony, Prince-electorate of, 59, 63, 64–5, 249–51, 259, 260, 268, 270, 274, 276 95, 99, 110–11, 115, 173, 180, 182–4, Jülich-Kleve-Berg, 221–8, 230, 232, 186–7, 219, 221, 240, 242, 271, 280, 233–4, 251–2 291, 293–4, 295–6, 298, 299–301, Munich Summit, 264–7, 282 312, 335 renewal of Treaty, 252 Schertlin, Sebastian, 165 revolt in Bohemia, 247, 248, 256–61, Schlump, David, 192–4 264–5, 267–75 Schmalkaldic League, 20, 55, 56–7, 71, Thirty Years’ War, 245–8, 256–61, 72–3, 77, 94–5, 101–5, 111–12, 115, 263–75, 285–6, 287 122, 132, 179, 188, 190, 196, 211–12, Treaties with England and Dutch 219, 221, 222, 248, 294, 295, 296, Republic, 249–51, 259, 267–8, 299 335, 336 Treaty of Ulm, 270–2, 273 confessional orientation, 64–5 Udenheim, 254–5 conﬂict over Gelderland, 105–6 Prussia, Kingdom of, 6, 313–15 inﬂuence on Protestant Union, 209–10, Pufendorf, Samuel, 305, 306 211, 214–18, 225–6, 230, 232, 235, 251, 257, 273, 275 Raitenau, Wolf Dietrich von, Prince-bishop invasion of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, of Salzburg, 209 84–93, 105–8, 131, 217–18, 225, 228, Rathen, Fritz, 135 230, 260 Ravaillac, Francois, 227 memory of, 171, 257, 273, 303, 315 Regensburg, 281, 297 Reformation in Cologne, 106–7 Regensburg, Prince-bishopric of, 238 Reformation Suits, 66, 93–4, 132 Reichsbund. See Imperial League relations with Denmark, 68 Religious and Profane Peace of Augsburg. relations with England, 67–8 See Religious Peace of Augsburg relations with France, 66–7 Religious Peace of Augsburg, 14, 20, 97, relations with League of Nuremberg, 121, 129, 132–3, 134, 135–7, 138, 78–9, 82–4, 97–101 139, 140, 168, 169–70, 171, 172–3, restitution of Württemberg, 73–6, 175–6, 179, 180, 181, 183, 185, 255, 334 187–90, 191, 193–4, 196, 200, 202, Schmalkaldic War, 108–11, 257 204, 207, 213–14, 218, 219–20, 232, Structure, 62–6 234, 239, 245–6, 250, 270, 277, 279, Schmalkaldic War, 108–11, 114, 125, 131, 280, 285, 303, 309, 331, 333, 334 161, 172, 176, 192, 225, 245, 257 Ecclesiastical Reservation, 195 Schmidt, Georg, 6 Reutlingen, 39 Schnettger, Matthias, 18 Reynolds, Susan, 17 Schönborn, Johann Philipp von, Elector of Rhenish Alliance, 22 Mainz, 308, 309–11 Rhenish League, 26, 309–11, 312, 314 Schwabach Articles, 61 Rhenish Union, 70–1, 73, 75, 80, 90, 111, Schweikard, Johann, Elector of Mainz, 242, 128, 133, 309, 334 249, 252, 254, 266 Rollerlein, Hans, 147–50, 151–2 Schwendi, Lazarus von, 184–6, 191, 300 Rorer, Jakob, 58 Sea Beggars, 197 Roth, Fritz, 147–8, 149 Seld, Georg, 97, 126

368 Index

Sender, Clemens, 55 Tetrapolitana. See Four-Cities Confession Sheehan, James, 17 The Hague, 326 Six-Cities Alliance, 27 Thirty Years’ War, 22, 185, 275–86, 287, Solms, Friedrich von, 264 306, 310, 313, 327, 331, 333, 334–5 Sötern, Philip Christoph von, Prince- Battle of Breitenfeld, 284, 287, 291, bishop of Speyer, 254 298, 336 Spain, Kingdom of, 9, 124, 170, 175, 176, Battle of Nördlingen, 297–8, 302 181, 182, 184, 186, 195, 198, 201, Battle of Rain, 285 204–6, 220, 223, 230, 250–2, 268, Battle of White Mountain, 272–3, 275, 284 271, 288, 300, 316–18, 327, 336 Edict of Restitution, 279–80, 289–91 Spanish Fury, 198–9 historiography, 246–8, 285 Spanish Inquisition, 174, 190 League of Heilbronn, 292–9 Spanish Netherlands. See Low Countries League of Leipzig, 289–92 Spengler, Lazarus, 50, 58 Munich Summit, 264–7 Spinola, Ambrogio, 270, 272, 274, 276 Peace of Prague, 298–303 St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, 223 Peace of Westphalia, 303–4 Stadion, Christoph von, Prince-bishop of revolt in Bohemia, 247, 256–64, 267–75 Augsburg, 80 Treaty of Ulm, 270–2 Stadion, Johann Caspar von, 301 Three Cities League, 71–3, 101–5, 112, 116 States General, 15, 17, 118, 175, 198, Tilly, Jean Tserclaes de, 283–5 199–200, 203, 268, 287, 317–18, 320, Treaty of Augsburg. See Burgundian 322–5 Transaction Stöckach, 144 Treaty of Munich, 262, 264 Strasbourg, 29, 58–9, 60, 61, 62, 63, 66, 67, Treaty of Xanten, 252 75, 85, 88, 108, 114, 173, 216, 228–9, Trier, Prince-electorate of, 70, 131, 170, 231, 233, 234, 236, 312 173, 177, 212, 256, 262 Strasbourg, Prince-bishopric of, 221, 228 Truce of Frankfurt, 84, 93, 111, 331 Sturm, Jakob, 59, 61, 74, 78, 82, 83, 85, 88, Truce of Nuremberg, 73–4, 77, 78, 79, 82, 90, 107, 122 83, 84, 93, 111, 331 Swabian City League, 27, 28 Twelve Years Truce, 205, 250, 268, 316 Swabian League, 19–20, 56–7, 58, 63, 64, 70–1, 72, 80, 86, 97, 99, 161, 179, Udenheim, 75, 254–5, 257, 261, 263 205–6, 209, 210, 211, 214, 217, 232, Ulm, 29, 46, 50, 53, 60, 61, 66, 67–8, 71–3, 237, 241, 248, 275, 283, 286, 303, 76, 77, 87, 88, 91, 99, 101–5, 110, 130, 305, 307, 313, 314, 315, 331, 336 139–40, 173, 216–17, 228–9, 231, attempts at Revival, 76, 101–5, 113–14, 234–6, 250, 290, 296 116, 126–7, 129–30, 261 Ulrich the Beloved, Count of creation, 24, 28–9, 117 Württemberg, 27 German Peasants’ War, 44–8, 49 Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg, 37–42, historiography, 24–5 45–6, 55, 70, 71, 74–6, 127, 130, 333 impact of the Reformation, 48–54 Ungelter, Hans, 34 Knights’ War, 42–4 Union of Arras, 21, 204–6, 207–8, 242, 330 League of Landsberg Expansion, Union of Brussels, First, 199–200 181–2, 186 Union of Brussels, Second, 199–200 Pack Affair, 51–3 Union of Utrecht, 1–2, 8–9, 12, 15, 16, 21, structure, 28–32 22, 168–70, 197, 207–8, 250, 268, Swiss War, 32–5 292, 311, 330–1 War of Bavarian Succession, 35–6, 333 Article I, 319, 321 Württemberg War, 37–42, 75, 333 Article IX, 322–4 Swabian War. See Swiss War Article X, 322–4 Sweden, Kingdom of, 280, 289, 290, Article XIII, 202, 317, 320 293–300, 301, 302–3, 304, 309, creation, 201–2 310, 336 Dutch Revolt, 202–6 Swiss Confederation, 9, 11, 30, 32–5, 336 Views in Dutch Republic, 287–9, Swiss War, 32–5 316–27, 329

Index 369

United Provinces of the Netherlands. See Wilhelm V, Duke of Jülich-Kleve-Berg, Dutch Republic 105–6 Upper Austria, 262, 271, 272 Wilhelm V, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, 289 Upper Palatinate, 135, 148, 149–50, 275, William I of Orange, 15, 175, 197–9, 319 278, 299, 303, 335 William II of Orange, 318–21, 326 Utrecht, 203 William III of Orange, 326 Utrecht, Province of, 201, 321 Wittenberg, 56–7, 60, 61, 72, 108 Wittenberg Concord, 56–7, 60, 65, 72, 216 Veit II, Prince-bishop of Bamberg, 135, Wittewrongel, Petrus, 319, 320 143, 146, 148, 152, 154, 155–6, 157 Wolfgang Wilhelm, Duke of Paﬂz-Neuburg, Veldenstein, 144, 147, 148, 149–50, 155 251–2 Veth, Adriaen, 322 Wolfgang, Count Palatinate of Vienna, 59 Zweibrücken, 170–1 Volckhaimer, Georg, 177–9, 185–7, 190 Württemberg, Duchy of, 37–42, 45–6, 71, 74–6, 108, 110, 111, 128, 161, 173, Waldburg, Gebhard Truchess von, Elector 214, 252, 263, 269, 293, 298, 300, 334 of Cologne, 195 Würzburg, Prince-bishopric of, 70, 140–2, Wallenstein, Albrecht von, 281 153–4, 158, 159–60, 162–3, 164–5, War of Bavarian Succession, 35–6 262, 277, 284 Warde, Paul, 146 Weber, Max, 3, 17 Zasius, Johann, 132, 133, 138–9, 161, 180–1 Welzel, Jörg, 135, 147–8, 149 Zeeland, Province of, 197, 199, 200–2, 316, Wied, Hermann von, Elector of Cologne, 321, 322, 326 106–7, 195 Zeschau, Johann von, 183, 187 Wilhelm IV, Duke of Bavaria, 38, 69–70, Zurich, 59 80, 85, 86, 89, 105, 111, 114–15 Zutphen, County of, 119 Wilhelm V, Duke of Bavaria, 194–7 Zwingli, Ulrich, 64