First Order Assessment of the Quantity and Quality of Non-Point Sources of Pollution Associated with Industrial, Mining and Power Generation

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

First Order Assessment of the Quantity and Quality of Non-Point Sources of Pollution Associated with Industrial, Mining and Power Generation FIRST ORDER ASSESSMENT OF THE QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF NON-POINT SOURCES OF POLLUTION ASSOCIATED WITH INDUSTRIAL, MINING AND POWER GENERATION Report to the Water Research Commission by RG Heath*, HD van Zyl**, CF Schutte***, JJ Schoeman*** * Golder Associates Africa (Pty) Ltd ** Tshwane University of Technology *** University of Pretoria WRC Report No. 1627/1/09 ISBN 978-1-77005-819-4 NOVEMBER 2009 Non- Point Source Pollution Assessment DISCLAIMER This report has been reviewed by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the WRC, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. ii Non- Point Source Pollution Assessment EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Internationally it has become recognised that Non-Point Sources of pollution (also known as diffuse source of pollution) plays a major role in the degradation of water quality, specifically with respect to salinity, eutrophication (nutrient enrichment), sediments, pathogens, pesticides (including persistent organic pollutants – POPs) and some heavy metals. It is now accepted that it is not feasible to properly manage water quality without addressing the contribution from non point sources. Consequently, attention is increasingly being devoted to the quantification of non point water source pollution and to identify means to control it cost-effectively at source. In order to provide strategic direction to research initiatives and to ensure that all important potential Non- Point pollution sectors of the economy are receiving the required attention, the Water Research Commission initiated this study “To compile a first order inventory of the quantity and quality of water produced as non-point sources by the South African industrial, mining and power generation sectors, and assess the impact these have on the quality of the water resources”. In-depth literature reviews on the mining industry, the industrial and power generation sectors were undertaken in an attempt to assist with the first order assessment of non point sources of pollution from these sectors in South Africa. The limited available information on non point pollution has been compiled into a consolidated overview that presents the current status of literature and available data for the industrial, mining and power generation sectors. Much of the information is available in reports and documents that have been prepared for different purposes. Although much is already known internationally about non-point pollution there is a dearth of available published, information in South Africa. The majority of the available information is only available in reports that have not been published or in a form that needs manipulation before relevant information can be derived. In order to collect first order data for those sectors and sub-sectors for which insufficient data are available the following methods of data collection were used to gain information: Presentations to Water Industry of Southern Africa (WISA) biannual conference and the International Water Association (IWA) annual conference Survey questionnaire to the WISA Industrial Water Division Presentations to selected industries, ESKOM and Chamber of Mines Meetings with specific mining houses, ESKOM and industries Meetings with the regulators Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) and Department of Minerals and Energy Water quality data downloaded from DWAF’s databases In depth assessment of available data in reports These meetings did not bring anything new to the table except that non-point pollution is recognised as a contributor to both surface and groundwater pollution. In order to attempt to categorise the water qualities and quantities impacts associated with non-point sources data was synthesise to obtain an estimate of the threat that different mining, industrial and power sectors pose on the water resources. iii Non- Point Source Pollution Assessment Some of the problems that limit the use of the available information and would necessitate further processing to normalise the data, derive from the fact that the investigations producing the information were done at different times to different levels of detail and using different approaches. A further complicating factor is that data for some sectors may not be available and may necessitate further investigation. It must be pointed out that although there is a large amount of information available in the form of reports on special investigations conducted for individual industries, this data is not readily available because industries in general feel uncertain about how this type of information could affect their situation with regard to future applications for water use or wastewater discharge. The overview of water use and waste production by different sectors needs to be interpreted for the effect sectors can be expected to have on receiving water quality. The mining industry is, for example, reportedly responsible for about 80% of the waste production (salts) and is furthermore, the source of acid mine drainage that is threatening the water quality of several important catchments in the country. However, other industries that produce much smaller quantities of waste may actually present an equal or even more serious threat to water quality in the catchments where they operate, especially if they have waste discard facilities that can be sources of non-point pollution after rain or wind events. It would thus be necessary to categorise waste types according to their effect on water quality and synthesise the data to obtain an estimate of the threat that different sectors and sub-sectors pose to receiving water quality. Mining South Africa is globally recognised as being a leading supplier of a variety of minerals and mineral products. Typical pollutants from the mines include sulphates, acidity, salinity and metals (including aluminium, iron and manganese) and may contribute to the three types of non point pollution caused by mining, i.e. surface water, groundwater and atmospheric pollution. Typical contaminants were identified which could potentially have an impact on non-point source pollution, e.g. metal concentration and a risk factor given to each. Typical sources of pollution were then identified, e.g. waste rock dumps, slimes dams, etc. A risk factor was given to each source type of pollution. The risks relate to the potential of the contaminant that originates from a specific source to pollute the surface, atmosphere or groundwater. Gold and coal mining were identified as the mining commodities having the highest potential to contribute to non-point source pollution. This could mainly be attributed to the magnitude at which gold and coal are currently and was historically mined. Although the base metals have a wider range with regards to the type of contaminants produced, the scale of production lowers the risk of contributing to non-point source pollution. Coal and gold mines, especially closed and abandoned mining operations, appear to be the most significant threats in terms of potential groundwater contamination from the mining sector in South Africa. Acid generation and decreasing groundwater pH has been noted in some gold and coal mining areas in South Africa, but in many cases, Acid Mine Drainage is neutralised by reaction with the country rock to produce saline drainage instead. Unfortunately, due to the lack of detailed information, the following factors could not be incorporated into this risk assessment: The differentiation between the impact of the different receptors (e.g. waste rock dumps) and between the different mining commodities. The potential impacts of age of the receptors. iv Non- Point Source Pollution Assessment The role of gas emissions from the different mining commodities. The range (13 to 51%) of potential Non-Point source pollution contributions to salts balances at a catchment scale varied considerably from study to study, commodity mined and season. Despite the uncertainties in the accuracy of these studies the overall contribution of non point source pollution originating from the mining industry in South Africa is significant Industries The industry representatives were hesitant to give permission for the information to be presented in a WRC report. The reasons for this are obvious and understandable since the information is of such a nature that it could reflect negatively on the industries if it is used in a malevolent manner. The collection of non point pollution data from industry has been difficult even though very good cooperation was given by most industry representatives. The overall impression is that the majority of larger industries are well aware of the potential problems associated with non point pollution and that in most cases measures have already been implemented or are being developed to combat this problem. The main ‘hot spots’ in terms of non point sources are the ‘historical’ sites where wastes had been disposed off over long periods of time into inadequately designed facilities and where adequate control was not exercised. These sites are very difficult and extremely costly to rehabilitate and the pollution effects have spread over large areas with contamination of groundwater the most serious problem. The extent of the pollution could not be quantified but from available information the pollution in some historic areas appears to be extensive. The end result of all these
Recommended publications
  • Draft Revised NWRS
    1 | P a g e Task: NWRS 2 Title of document: Draft National Water Resource Strategy 2 (NWRS-2): Task leader: FC van Zyl Task team FC van Zyl, H Keuris members: Authors of Prof MN Nkondo, FC van Zyl, H Keuris, B Schreiner document: Contributors: MP Nepfumbada, H Muller Reviewers: FC van Zyl, H Keuris, MP Nepfumbada, H Muller Report status: Version 1. comprehensive Date: July 2012 Issued to: Keywords: National Water Resource Strategy National Water Resource Strategy 2 Page | i Executive Statement Water is a critical strategic natural resource. It is essential for growth and Water is a critical development, the environment, health and wellbeing of the people of South natural strategic Africa. Although this principle is generally accepted, it is not always well resource understood or appreciated. Despite the fact that South Africa is a naturally water stressed country, further challenged by the need to support growth and development as well as potential climate change impact, the resource is not receiving the priority status and attention it deserves. This situation is reflected in the manner by which this scarce resource is wasted (more than 37% water losses), polluted, degraded, inadequately financed and inappropriately strategically positioned. Paradoxically South Africa has a fairly well developed water management and infrastructure framework which has resulted in a perceived sense of water security (urban and growth areas), as well as a lack of appreciation and respect for a critical strategic resource. South Africa is facing a number of water challenges and concerns, including Water is a security of supply, environmental degradation and resource pollution.
    [Show full text]
  • Fiscal Policy
    3 Fiscal policy The fiscal stance presented in the 2006 Budget provides for robust growth in public services and infrastructure investment, founded on an outstanding revenue performance over the past year and the continuing strength of the financial environment. Sustained increases in expenditure on transport, education and health will support economic development, lower business costs, improve skills levels and raise living standards. The fiscal framework provides for additional resources totalling R82 billion, and a further R24 billion to replace the RSC levies. Excluding the RSC levy transfers, non-interest expenditure will increase in real terms by 7,9 per cent in 2006/07, with an average increase of 6,4 per cent over the medium- term expenditure framework (MTEF) period. Sustained economic growth has maintained the buoyancy of government revenue. Capital spending is projected to rise strongly over the medium term. The budget deficit is projected to increase to 1,5 per cent of GDP next year, and then to decline to 1,2 per cent in 2008/09. The low deficit reflects careful macroeconomic management during a time of strong commodity prices and high consumer demand. The public sector borrowing requirement is expected to grow from 0,6 per cent of GDP in 2005/06 to 2,4 per cent of GDP by 2008/09 as a result of public enterprises’ capital expenditure programmes and an increase in the main budget deficit. Overview In the past year the South African economy has registered a strong Robust consumption performance, with GDP growth of about 5 per cent expected for and investment support 2005/06.
    [Show full text]
  • Lies Hidden in the Rocks
    Sivhili Injhiniyeringi June 2008 Vol 16 No 6 ONE SOLUTION TO WATER SUPPLY PROBLEMS LIES HIDDEN IN THE ROCKS P CA THE LIKELIHooD OF A GLOBAL DROUGHT IN 2009–2016 A W A R D S W I N N E R 2 0 0 7 FOR EXCELLENCE IN MAGAZINE PUBLISHING AND JOURNALISM VRESAP to be operational by November Implementation of the reserve at the Berg River Dam and Supplement Scheme Outeniqua Coast Water Situation Study 24 MONTHS TO FIFA 2010 P CA A W A R D S W I N N E R 2 0 0 7 FOR EXCELLENCE IN MAGAZINE PUBLISHING AND JOURNALISM Tshivenda ON THE COVER One of GEL’s new Beretta T46 drilling rigs installing lateral support to the Western access tunnel at the Soccer City Stadium ON THE CovER where the 2010 FIFA World Cup final will be played. This tunnel was constructed under the existing West grandstand, with Ensuring solid foundations for the FIFA supported faces of up to 9 m high; in total, World Cup’s flagship stadium 46 approximately 500 m2 lateral support was installed to three tunnels and the multi- WATER ENGINEERING OTHER PROJECTS storey parkade Potable water reservoir under construction 49 One solution to water supply problems Cape Town Terminal expansion on track 50 lies hidden in the rocks 2 Anglian Water’s biggest ever project 53 Dynamic planning process for water Recycling our roads 57 and sewer infrastructure 5 Boost for safer crane operations 55 Berg Water Project reserve releases: Traffic control centres for Limpopo 59 Implementation of the reserve at the Berg PUBLISHED BY SAICE/SAISI Block 19, Thornhill Office Park, River Dam and Supplement Scheme
    [Show full text]
  • Energy and Water
    ENERGY AND WATER 137 Pocket Guide to South Africa 2011/12 ENERGY AND WATER Energy use in South Africa is characterised by a high level of dependence on cheap and abundantly available coal. South Africa imports a large amount of crude oil. A limited quantity of natural gas is also available. The Department of Energy’s Energy Policy is based on the following key objectives: • ensuring energy security • achieving universal access and transforming the energy sector • regulating the energy sector • effective and efficient service delivery • optimal use of energy resources • ensuring sustainable development • promoting corporate governance. Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) The IRP lays the foundation for the country’s energy mix up to 2030, and seeks to find an appropriate balance between the expectations of different stakeholders considering a number of key constraints and risks, including: • reducing carbon emissions • new technology uncertainties such as costs, operability and lead time to build • water usage • localisation and job creation • southern African regional development and integration • security of supply. The IRP provides for a diversified energy mix, in terms of new generation capacity, that will comprise: • coal at 14% (government’s view is that there is a future for coal in the energy mix, and that it should continue research and development to find ways to clean the country’s abundant coal resources) • nuclear at 22,6% • open-cycle gas turbine at 9,2% and closed-cycle gas turbine at 5,6% • renewable energy carriers, which include hydro at 6,1%, wind at 19,7%, concentrated solar power at 2,4% and photovoltaic at 19,7%.
    [Show full text]
  • Sponsored by the Department of Science and Technology Volume
    Volume 26 Number 3 • August 2015 Sponsored by the Department of Science and Technology Volume 26 Number 3 • August 2015 CONTENTS 2 Reliability benefit of smart grid technologies: A case for South Africa Angela Masembe 10 Low-income resident’s preferences for the location of wind turbine farms in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa Jessica Hosking, Mario du Preez and Gary Sharp 19 Identification and characterisation of performance limiting defects and cell mismatch in photovoltaic modules Jacqui L Crozier, Ernest E van Dyk and Frederick J Vorster 27 A perspective on South African coal fired power station emissions Ilze Pretorius, Stuart Piketh, Roelof Burger and Hein Neomagus 41 Modelling energy supply options for electricity generations in Tanzania Baraka Kichonge, Geoffrey R John and Iddi S N Mkilaha 58 Options for the supply of electricity to rural homes in South Africa Noor Jamal 66 Determinants of energy poverty in South Africa Zaakirah Ismail and Patrick Khembo 79 An overview of refrigeration and its impact on the development in the Democratic Republic of Congo Jean Fulbert Ituna-Yudonago, J M Belman-Flores and V Pérez-García 90 Comparative bioelectricity generation from waste citrus fruit using a galvanic cell, fuel cell and microbial fuel cell Abdul Majeed Khan and Muhammad Obaid 100 The effect of an angle on the impact and flow quantity on output power of an impulse water wheel model Ram K Tyagi CONFERENCE PAPERS 105 Harnessing Nigeria’s abundant solar energy potential using the DESERTEC model Udochukwu B Akuru, Ogbonnaya
    [Show full text]
  • MATLOSANA City on the Move?
    [Type text] MATLOSANA City on the Move? SACN Programme: Secondary Cities Document Type: SACN Report Paper Document Status: Final Date: 10 April 2014 Joburg Metro Building, 16th floor, 158 Loveday Street, Braamfontein 2017 Tel: +27 (0)11-407-6471 | Fax: +27 (0)11-403-5230 | email: [email protected] | www.sacities.net 1 [Type text] CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1 2. Historical perspective 3 3. Current status and planning 6 3.1 Demographic and population change 6 3.2 Social issues 12 3.3 Economic analysis 16 3.3.1 Economic profile 17 3.3.2 Business overview 26 3.3.3 Business / local government relations 31 3.4 Municipal governance and management 33 3.5 Overview of Integrated Development Planning (IDP) 34 3.6 Overview of Local Economic Development (LED) 39 3.7 Municipal finance 41 3.7.1 Auditor General’s Report 42 3.7.2 Income 43 3.7.3 Expenditure 46 3.8 Spatial planning 46 3.9 Municipal services 52 3.9.1 Housing 52 3.9.2 Drinking and Waste Water 54 3.9.3 Electricity 58 4. Natural resources and the environment 60 5. Innovation, knowledge economy and human capital formation 60 5.1 Profile of existing research 63 6. Synthesis 65 ANNEXURES 67 ANNEXURE 1: Revenue sources for the City of Matlosana Local Municipality R’000 (2006/7–2012/13) 67 i [Type text] LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Position of the City of Matlosana Local Municipality in relation to the rest of the Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality .......................................................................................................................... 1 Figure 2: Population and household growth for the City of Matlosana (1996–2011) ..................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 BROCHURE the LONG LOOK the Pioneer Way of Doing Business
    2021 BROCHURE THE LONG LOOK The Pioneer way of doing business We are an international company with a unique combination of cultures, languages and experiences. Our technologies and business environment have changed dramatically since Henry A. Wallace first founded the Hi-Bred Corn Company in 1926. This Long Look business philosophy – our attitude toward research, production and marketing, and the worldwide network of Pioneer employees – will always remain true to the four simple statements which have guided us since our early years: We strive to produce the best products in the market. We deal honestly and fairly with our employees, sales representatives, business associates, customers and stockholders. We aggressively market our products without misrepresentation. We provide helpful management information to assist customers in making optimum profits from our products. MADE TO GROW™ Farming is becoming increasingly more complex and the stakes ever higher. Managing a farm is one of the most challenging and critical businesses on earth. Each day, farmers have to make decisions and take risks that impact their immediate and future profitability and growth. For those who want to collaborate to push as hard as they can, we are strivers too. Drawing on our deep heritage of innovation and breadth of farming knowledge, we spark radical and transformative new thinking. And we bring everything you need — the high performing seed, the advanced technology and business services — to make these ideas reality. We are hungry for your success and ours. With us, you will be equipped to ride the wave of changing trends and extract all possible value from your farm — to grow now and for the future.
    [Show full text]
  • South African Peatlands: Ecohydrological Characteristics and Socio-Economic Value
    SOUTH AFRICAN PEATLANDS: ECOHYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC VALUE Report to the Water Research Commission By P-L Grundling1,3,6, AT Grundling2,7, L Pretorius1,6, J Mulders4 and S Mitchell5 1 – WetResT 2 – ARC-ISCW 3 – DEA, NRM, Working for Wetlands 4 – Prime Africa Consultants 5 – Bufo Technology 6 – UFS-CEM 7 – UNISA-ABEERU WRC Report No. 2346/1/17 ISBN 978-1-4312-0892-0 June 2017 Obtainable from Water Research Commission Private Bag X03 Gezina, 0031 [email protected] or download from www.wrc.org.za The publication of this report emanates from a project entitled Investigation of Peatland Characteristics and Processes as well as Understanding of their Contribution to the South African Wetland Ecological Infrastructure (WRC Project No. K5/2346) DISCLAIMER This report has been reviewed by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the WRC, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Printed in the Republic of South Africa © WATER RESEARCH COMMISSION ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY It is globally accepted that ecosystems, as natural features in the landscape, provide environmental, social and economic benefits to associated communities. The value of ecosystems in providing these ecosystem services is becoming increasingly evident. There is a growing recognition of the importance of the services delivered by freshwater ecosystems to human well-being. Ecosystem services are quantifiable benefits people receive from ecosystems. Wetlands are highly productive ecosystems. Due to their ecological complexity, wetlands provide a variety of goods and services of value to society.
    [Show full text]
  • Transmission Development Plan 2020-2029 FOREWORD by GROUP EXECUTIVE
    Transmission Development Plan 2020-2029 FOREWORD BY GROUP EXECUTIVE “As we do our best to meet our commitments in terms of the TDP, we will certainly face challenges; however, our hope is that, through collaboration, we can all own this plan and support its funding and execution in order to co-create an energy future in support of the economic growth of our country.” Segomoco Scheppers i FOREWORD BY GROUP EXECUTIVE The growth and development of our country’s economy to meet the growth in demand, and supply the future generation pattern. demands of a 21st century lifestyle relies heavily on a secure and With regard to cross-border Transmission inter connectors, our analysis reliable supply of electricity at affordable prices. It is obvious that people highlights the need to strengthen a number of our cross-border whose homes, workplaces, schools, and clinics are connected to the Transmission lines into neighbouring countries, in order to support grid for the first time will find their lives transformed for the better in increased cross-border electricity trade. This is expected to result in ways they could never previously have imagined. reduced upward pressure on tariffs and improved security of electricity supply both in South Africa and the region. The bulk of South Africa’s electricity is still produced by Eskom’s coal- fired power stations located in the coalfields of the Mpumalanga The benefits of a reliable and secure electricity supply to South Africa Highveld and near Lephalale, but the landscape for power generation is must be weighed against the associated costs to ensure that electricity rapidly changing.
    [Show full text]
  • Mercury Emissions from South Africa's Coal-Fired Power Stations
    Mercury emissions from South Africa’s coal-fired power stations Belinda L. Garnham*1 and Kristy E. Langerman1 1Eskom Holdings SOC Limited, Megawatt Park, 1Maxwell Drive, Sunninghill, Sandton, [email protected], [email protected] Received: 8 August 2016 - Reviewed: 3 October 2016 - Accepted: 2 November 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2410-972X/2016/v26n2a8 Abstract Mercury is a persistent and toxic substance that can be bio-accumulated in the food chain. Natural and anthropogenic sources con- tribute to the mercury emitted in the atmosphere. Eskom’s coal-fired power stations in South Africa contributed just under 93% of the total electricity produced in 2015 (Eskom 2016). Trace amounts of mercury can be found in coal, mostly combined with sulphur, and can be released into the atmosphere upon combustion. Coal-fired electricity generation plants are the highest contributors to mer- cury emissions in South Africa. A major factor affecting the amount of mercury emitted into the atmosphere is the type and efficiency of emission abatement equipment at a power station. Eskom employs particulate emission control technology at all its coal-fired power stations, and new power stations will also have sulphur dioxide abatement technology. A co-beneficial reduction of mercury emissions exists as a result of emission control technology. The amount of mercury emitted from each of Eskom’s coal-fired power stations is calculated, based on the amount of coal burnt and the mercury content in the coal. Emission Reduction Factors (ERF’s) from two sources are taken into consideration to reflect the co-benefit received from the emission control technologies at the stations.
    [Show full text]
  • (Gp) Network List North West
    WOOLTRU HEALTHCARE FUND GENERAL PRACTITIONER (GP) NETWORK LIST NORTH WEST PRACTICE TELEPHONE AREA PRACTICE NAME DISPENSING PHYSICAL ADDRESS CITY OR TOWN NUMBER NUMBER BETHANIE 1540793 SELETELA YES SHOP 2, PLOT 0928 BETHANIE 012 2600939 BLOEMHOF 172170 STEYN YES 46B MARK STREET, BLOEMHOF BLOEMHOF 053 4331283 BOSHOEK 1443321 ABBA YES MAIN ROAD OLD SUN CITY ROAD, OPPOSITE MIA'S STORE BOSHOEK 014 5381156 BRITS 1503588 KHUBEDU YES MODISES COALYARD, MOTHOTLUNG ROAD, MOTHOTLUNG BRITS 012 7092523 BRITS 524050 KWINDA YES HOUSE 1887B LEGALAOPENG SECTION, BAPONG BRITS 071 2154960 CARLETONVILLE 485101 FERNANDEZ SILVA NO VMV MEDICAL CENTRE, 90 AGNEW STREET, CARLETONVILLE CARLETONVILLE 018 7883035 CARLETONVILLE 294446 CHITTIGADU YES SHOP 1, 30 FLINT STREET, CARLETONVILLE CARLETONVILLE 018 7862166 CHRISTIANA 1482122 PIETERS YES MEDICAL CENTRE, 10 VOORTREKKER STREET, CHRISTIANA CHRISTIANA 053 4412227 DE WILDT 1453041 HASSIM YES PLOT 437, 8 UITVALGROND DE WILDT 012 5042183 FOCHVILLE 469092 DE WET NO CNR KRAALKOP & PRESIDENT STREET, FOCHVILLE FOCHVILLE 018 7712345 FOCHVILLE 306002 LUKHELE YES 15 LOOPSPRUIT AVENUE, FOCHVILLE FOCHVILLE 018 7715325 GA-RANKUWA 1418319 SOUNDY YES UNIT 2, 1122 LETLHAKU STREET, GA-RANKUWA ZONE 16 GA-RANKUWA 082 5694082 GA-RANKUWA 1439057 MARIVATE YES WISANI MEDICAL CENTRE, 9128 MOSOANE STREET, GA-RANKUWA ZONE 1 GA-RANKUWA 012 7031294 HARTBEESFONTEIN 1474707 PRETORIUS NO 85 EENHEID STREET, HARTBEESFONTEIN HARTBEESFONTEIN 018 4310679 HARTBEESPOORT 1563394 NEL YES THE ISLANDS CENTRE, R512, HARTBEESPOORT HARTBEESPOORT 012 2440744
    [Show full text]
  • North West Province
    CHAPTER 9 – NORTH WEST PROVINCE Provincial Green Drop Score 50% Provincial Best Performer Tlokwe Local Municipality is the best performing municipality in North West Province: 97% Municipal Green Drop Score 100% improvement on 2009 Green Drop status 100% of plants in low risk position 92% Site Inspection Score 1 of one system Green Drop Certification status NORTH WEST Page 293 Introduction Wastewater services delivery is performed by ten (10) Water Services Authorities in North West Province via an infrastructure network comprising of 35 wastewater collector and treatment systems. A total flow of 144 Ml/day is received at the 35 treatment facilities, which has a collective hydraulic design capacity of 316 Ml/day (as ADWF). This means that 45.6% of the design capacity is taken up by the current operational flows, leaving a 54.4% to meet the future demand without creating new capacity. However, the findings of the Green Drop assessment suggest that a significant portion of surplus capacity might not be ‘readily available’, as result of inadequate maintenance and operational deficiencies at lower capacity municipalities. MICRO SMALL MEDIUM LARGE SIZE SIZE SIZE SIZE MACRO SIZE Total 10-25 <0.5 0.5-2 2-10 >25 Mℓ/day Undetermined Mℓ/day Mℓ/day Mℓ/day Mℓ/day Mℓ/day No of WWTPs 0 6 21 3 4 1 35 Total Design Capacity 0 6.9 99.6 50.3 159 1 315.8 (Ml/day) Total Daily Inflows 0 0.8 55.0 24.4 63.6 18 143.8 (Ml/day) *ADWF = Average Dry Weather Flow Provincial Green Drop Analysis Analysis of the Green Drop assessments and site inspection results indicate that performance vary from excellent to unsatisfactory.
    [Show full text]