Mercury Emissions from South Africa's Coal-Fired Power Stations
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
(Special Trip) XXXX WER Yes AANDRUS, Bloemfontein 9300
Place Name Code Hub Surch Regional A KRIEK (special trip) XXXX WER Yes AANDRUS, Bloemfontein 9300 BFN No AANHOU WEN, Stellenbosch 7600 SSS No ABBOTSDALE 7600 SSS No ABBOTSFORD, East London 5241 ELS No ABBOTSFORD, Johannesburg 2192 JNB No ABBOTSPOORT 0608 PTR Yes ABERDEEN (48 hrs) 6270 PLR Yes ABORETUM 3900 RCB Town Ships No ACACIA PARK 7405 CPT No ACACIAVILLE 3370 LDY Town Ships No ACKERVILLE, Witbank 1035 WIR Town Ships Yes ACORNHOEK 1 3 5 1360 NLR Town Ships Yes ACTIVIA PARK, Elandsfontein 1406 JNB No ACTONVILLE & Ext 2 - Benoni 1501 JNB No ADAMAYVIEW, Klerksdorp 2571 RAN No ADAMS MISSION 4100 DUR No ADCOCK VALE Ext/Uit, Port Elizabeth 6045 PLZ No ADCOCK VALE, Port Elizabeth 6001 PLZ No ADDINGTON, Durban 4001 DUR No ADDNEY 0712 PTR Yes ADDO 2 5 6105 PLR Yes ADELAIDE ( Daily 48 Hrs ) 5760 PLR Yes ADENDORP 6282 PLR Yes AERORAND, Middelburg (Tvl) 1050 WIR Yes AEROTON, Johannesburg 2013 JNB No AFGHANI 2 4 XXXX BTL Town Ships Yes AFGUNS ( Special Trip ) 0534 NYL Town Ships Yes AFRIKASKOP 3 9860 HAR Yes AGAVIA, Krugersdorp 1739 JNB No AGGENEYS (Special trip) 8893 UPI Town Ships Yes AGINCOURT, Nelspruit (Special Trip) 1368 NLR Yes AGISANANG 3 2760 VRR Town Ships Yes AGULHAS (2 4) 7287 OVB Town Ships Yes AHRENS 3507 DBR No AIRDLIN, Sunninghill 2157 JNB No AIRFIELD, Benoni 1501 JNB No AIRFORCE BASE MAKHADO (special trip) 0955 PTR Yes AIRLIE, Constantia Cape Town 7945 CPT No AIRPORT INDUSTRIA, Cape Town 7525 CPT No AKASIA, Potgietersrus 0600 PTR Yes AKASIA, Pretoria 0182 JNB No AKASIAPARK Boxes 7415 CPT No AKASIAPARK, Goodwood 7460 CPT No AKASIAPARKKAMP, -
Biomass Co-Firing Demonstration Facility at Arnot Power Station, Mpumalanga Province
BIOMASS CO-FIRING DEMONSTRATION FACILITY AT ARNOT POWER STATION BASIC ASSESSMENT PROCESS Savannah Environmental (Pty) Ltd Address: PO Box 148, Sunninghill, 2157 Tel: 011 234 6621 Fax: 086 684 0547 E-mail: [email protected] FOCUS GROUP MEETING NOTES OF STEVE TSHWETE LOCAL MUNICIPALITY MEETING Conducted on Monday, 23 January 2012, Minutes prepared by: Savannah Environmental Please address any comments to Alicia Govender at the above address. Basic Assessment Process: Proposed Biomass Co-Firing Demonstration Facility At Arnot Power Station, Mpumalanga Province BASIC ASSESMENT PROCESS: BIOMASS CO-FIRING DEMONSTRATION FACILITY AT ARNOT POWER STATION MEETING MINUTES: FOCUS GROUP MEETING Venue: Steve Tshwete Local Municipality Date: 23 January 2012 Time: 11h15 – 12h00 MEETING ATTENDEES Name Organisation & Position Alicia Govender (AG) Savannah Environmental Tammy Kruger (TK) Savannah Environmental GG Mokhabela (GM) Steve Tshwete Local Municipality Sibongile Mtsweni (SM) Steve Tshwete Local Municipality Solly Links (SL) Steve Tshwete Local Municipality Eric Ratshibvumo (ER) Steve Tshwete Local Municipality Theuns Bloom (TB) Eskom WELCOME AND INTRODUCTION The project team introduced themselves and a description of the project and proposed activities was given (presentation attached). Theuns Blom added that biofuel to be used for the proposed project will be sourced from the Mpumalanga area. The Biomass Co-Firing Demonstration Facility at Arnot Power Station is a pilot study. A pilot scale study was tested at a test site at the Rosherville MW facility in order for Eskom to get a feel of logistics involved. Eskom now want to try it on a full scale as part of their strategy to see how much biomass can be used to reduce the carbon footprint. -
Sponsored by the Department of Science and Technology Volume
Volume 26 Number 3 • August 2015 Sponsored by the Department of Science and Technology Volume 26 Number 3 • August 2015 CONTENTS 2 Reliability benefit of smart grid technologies: A case for South Africa Angela Masembe 10 Low-income resident’s preferences for the location of wind turbine farms in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa Jessica Hosking, Mario du Preez and Gary Sharp 19 Identification and characterisation of performance limiting defects and cell mismatch in photovoltaic modules Jacqui L Crozier, Ernest E van Dyk and Frederick J Vorster 27 A perspective on South African coal fired power station emissions Ilze Pretorius, Stuart Piketh, Roelof Burger and Hein Neomagus 41 Modelling energy supply options for electricity generations in Tanzania Baraka Kichonge, Geoffrey R John and Iddi S N Mkilaha 58 Options for the supply of electricity to rural homes in South Africa Noor Jamal 66 Determinants of energy poverty in South Africa Zaakirah Ismail and Patrick Khembo 79 An overview of refrigeration and its impact on the development in the Democratic Republic of Congo Jean Fulbert Ituna-Yudonago, J M Belman-Flores and V Pérez-García 90 Comparative bioelectricity generation from waste citrus fruit using a galvanic cell, fuel cell and microbial fuel cell Abdul Majeed Khan and Muhammad Obaid 100 The effect of an angle on the impact and flow quantity on output power of an impulse water wheel model Ram K Tyagi CONFERENCE PAPERS 105 Harnessing Nigeria’s abundant solar energy potential using the DESERTEC model Udochukwu B Akuru, Ogbonnaya -
Spatial Transformation: Are Intermediate Cities Different? South African Cities Network: Johannesburg
CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT SENTRUM VIR ONTWIKKELINGSTEUN ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Lead authors: Lochner Marais (University of the Free State) Danie Du Plessis (Stellenbosch University) Case study authors: Drakenstein: Ronnie Donaldson (Stellenbosch University) King Sabata Dalindyebo: Esethu Ndzamela (Nelson Mandela University) and Anton De Wit (Nelson Mandela University Lephalale: Kgosi Mocwagae (University of the Free State) Matjhabeng: Stuart Denoon-Stevens (University of the Free State) Mahikeng: Verna Nel (University of the Free State) and James Drummond (North West University) Mbombela: Maléne Campbell (University of the Free State) Msunduzi: Thuli Mphambukeli (University of the Free State) Polokwane: Gemey Abrahams (independent consultant) Rustenburg: John Ntema (University of South Africa) Sol Plaatje: Thomas Stewart (University of the Free State) Stellenbosch: Danie Du Plessis (Stellenbosch University) Manager: Geci Karuri-Sebina Editing by Write to the Point Design by Ink Design Photo Credits: Page 2: JDA/SACN Page 16: Edna Peres/SACN Pages 18, 45, 47, 57, 58: Steve Karallis/JDA/SACN Page 44: JDA/SACN Page 48: Tanya Zack/SACN Page 64: JDA/SACN Suggested citation: SACN. 2017. Spatial Transformation: Are Intermediate Cities Different? South African Cities Network: Johannesburg. Available online at www.sacities.net ISBN: 978-0-6399131-0-0 © 2017 by South African Cities Network. Spatial Transformation: Are Intermediate Cities Different? is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. 2 SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION: ARE INTERMEDIATE CITIES DIFFERENT? Foreword As a network whose primary stakeholders are the largest cities, the South African Cities Network (SACN) typically focuses its activities on the “big” end of the urban spectrum (essentially, mainly the metropolitan municipalities). -
Written Statement of Mxolisi Mgojo, the Chief Executive Officer Of
1 PUBLIC ENTERPRISES PORTFOLIO COMMITTEE INQUIRY INTO ESKOM, TRANSNET AND DENEL WRITTEN STATEMENT OF MXOLISI MGOJO, THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF EXXARO RESOURCES LIMITED INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 2 COST-PLUS MINES VERSUS COMMERCIAL MINES .......................................... 5 THE SO-CALLED “PRE-PAYMENT” FOR COAL ................................................. 9 PREJUDICE TO EXXARO’S COST-PLUS MINES AND MAFUBE ..................... 11 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 11 Arnot mine ............................................................................................................. 12 Eskom’s failure to fund land acquisition ................................................................. 12 Non-funding of operational capital at Arnot ............................................................ 14 The termination of Arnot’s CSA .............................................................................. 15 Conclusion of the Arnot matters ............................................................................. 19 Mafube mine.......................................................................................................... 19 Matla mine ............................................................................................................. 21 Non-funding of capital of R1.8 billion for mine 1 ................................................... -
2. DESCRIPTION of the PROPOSED PROJECT In
Environmental Scoping Report for the proposed establishment of a New Coal-Fired Power Station in the Lephalale Area, Limpopo Province 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT In order to be able to adequately provide for the growing electricity demand, Eskom propose to construct a new power station with a maximum capacity of 4 800 MegaWatts (MW) in the Lephalale area in the vicinity of the existing Matimba Power Station. Currently the project name for the new proposed power station is Matimba B, but the name will be changed should the project be approved. The power station will be coal-fired, and source coal from local coalfields. 2.1 The Proposed Matimba B Power Station Matimba B Power Station is proposed to ultimately have a maximum installed capacity of up to 4800 MW, but the first phase to be constructed and operated will be approximately half that installed capacity. The exact output will depend on the specification of the equipment installed and the ambient operating conditions. The footprint of the proposed new power station is still to be determined through final engineering and design, but has been indicated by Eskom that the new facility will be similar in size (ground footprint) to the existing Matimba Power Station. The power plant and associated plant (terrace area) would require an area of approximately 700 ha, and an additional approximate 500 - 1000 ha would be required for ancillary services, including ashing facilities (alternate ash disposal options are, however, currently being investigated). It is envisaged that the proposed power station will utilise a range of technologies pertaining to cooling, combustion and pollution abatement. -
The Future of South African Coal: Market, Investment, and Policy Challenges
PROGRAM ON ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Working Paper #100 January 2011 THE FUTURE OF SOUTH AFRICAN COAL: MARKET, INVESTMENT, AND POLICY CHALLENGES ANTON EBERHARD FREEMAN SPOGLI INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FREEMAN SPOGLI INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES About the Program on Energy and Sustainable Development The Program on Energy and Sustainable Development (PESD) is an international, interdisciplinary program that studies how institutions shape patterns of energy production and use, in turn affecting human welfare and environmental quality. Economic and political incentives and pre-existing legal frameworks and regulatory processes all play crucial roles in determining what technologies and policies are chosen to address current and future energy and environmental challenges. PESD research examines issues including: 1) effective policies for addressing climate change, 2) the role of national oil companies in the world oil market, 3) the emerging global coal market, 4) the world natural gas market with a focus on the impact of unconventional sources, 5) business models for carbon capture and storage, 6) adaptation of wholesale electricity markets to support a low-carbon future, 7) global power sector reform, and 8) how modern energy services can be supplied sustainably to the world’s poorest regions. The Program is part of the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies at Stanford University. PESD gratefully acknowledges substantial core funding from BP and EPRI. Program on Energy and Sustainable Development Encina Hall East, Room E415 Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-6055 http://pesd.stanford.edu About the Author Anton Eberhard leads the Management Programme in Infrastructure Reform and Regulation at the University of Cape Town Graduate School of Business. -
Literature Review: Public Health and Ecological Effects of Substances Emitted to Air from Power Plants Documents Published 2013-2020
REPORT Literature Review: Public Health and Ecological Effects of Substances Emitted to Air from Power Plants Documents Published 2013-2020 Submitted to: Katie Duffett, Project Manager, Clean Air Strategic Alliance 9915-108 Street NW, 1400 Edmonton, Alberta T5K 2G8 Submitted by: Golder Associates Ltd. Suite 200 - 2920 Virtual Way, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5M 0C4, Canada +1 604 296 4200 20397046-001-R-Rev0 18 March 2021 Classification: Protected A 18 March 2021 20397046-001-R-Rev0 Distribution List 1 e-copy Clean Air Strategic Alliance - Health and Environmental Assessment Task Group (HEAT Group) 1 e-copy Golder Associates Ltd. i Classification: Protected A 18 March 2021 20397046-001-R-Rev0 Executive Summary Golder Associates Ltd. (Golder) was retained by the Clean Air Strategic Alliance (CASA) to conduct a literature review on the public health and ecological effects of substances known to be emitted into the air from electricity generation using various resource types (e.g., coal, biomass, fuel oil, waste) from power plants (not limited to stack emissions). The objective of the literature review was to identify new information published from 2013 to 2020 to aid the 2018 Five-Year Review of the 2003 Emissions Management Framework for Alberta Electricity Sector. Golder conducted a search of white and grey literature for the literature review. White literature included primary peer-reviewed journal articles while grey literature included literature published by provincial, federal, and international organizations. Relevant articles were scored using the ‘Checklist for assessing the quality of quantitative studies' (herein referred to as the “Checklist”) developed at the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research1. -
Acid Deposition in the Eastern Transvaal Highveld
Acid Deposition in the eastern Transvaal Highveld. Margaret Bohm. University of Cape Town A Dissertation submitted for the Degree of Master of Science in the Department of Environmental and Geographical Science University of Cape Town July 1985. .I l j The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town This is to declare that this dissertation has not been previously submitted for a degree at any other University. ABSTRACT. The Transvaal Highveld has one of the largest potentials for air pollution in South Africa. The area around Witbank and Middleburg in the eastern Transvaal Highveld, is highly industrialized with several coal-fired power stations, burning coal dumps and heavy industries. The pollution levels in this area have been the centre of much dispute in recent years, and yet little emphasis has been placed on the severity of atmospheric deposition despite the fact that acid deposition is a major world-wide environmental concern. This study focusses on the chemistry and severity of atmospheric depositions to the south and south-east of the Witbank-Middleburg Power and Industrial Complex. Bulk depositions were sampled at seven sites during the year August 1982 to August 1983 and rain samples covered five sites for four of the six months of the 1983/84 rainy season. -
Renewable Energy Choices and Their Water Requirements in South Africa
Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 26(4): 80–92 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2014/v25i4a2241 Renewable energy choices and their water requirements in South Africa Debbie Sparks Amos Madhlopa Samantha Keen Mascha Moorlach Anthony Dane Pieter Krog Thuli Dlamini Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Abstract tive of this study was to investigate and review South Africa is an arid country, where water supply renewable energy choices and water requirements is often obtained from a distant source. There is in South Africa. Data were acquired through a com- increasing pressure on the limited water resources bination of a desktop study and expert interviews. due to economic and population growth, with a Water withdrawal and consumption levels at a given concomitant increase in the energy requirement for stage of energy production were investigated. Most water production. This problem will be exacerbated of the data was collected from secondary sources. by the onset of climate change. Recently, there have Results show that there is limited data on all aspects been concerns about negative impacts arising from of water usage in the production chain of energy, the exploitation of energy resources. In particular, accounting in part for the significant variations in the burning of fossil fuels is significantly contributing the values of water intensity that are reported in the to climate change through the emission of carbon literature. It is vital to take into account all aspects of dioxide, a major greenhouse gas. In addition, fossil the energy life cycle to enable isolation of stages fuels are being depleted, and contributing to where significant amounts of water are used. -
Overview of the South African Coal Value Chain
SOUTH AFRICAN COAL ROADMAP OVERVIEW OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN COAL VALUE CHAIN PREPARED AS A BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN COAL ROADMAP OCTOBER 2011 Overview of the South African Coal Value Chain | I Disclaimer: The statements and views of the South African Coal Roadmap are a consensus view of the participants in the development of the roadmap and do not necessarily represent the views of the participating members in their individual capacity. An extensive as reasonably possible range of information was used in compiling the roadmap; all judgments and views expressed in the roadmap are based upon the information available at the time and remain subject to further review. The South African Coal Roadmap does not guarantee the correctness, reliability or completeness of any information, judgments or views included in the roadmap. All forecasts made in this document have been referenced where possible and the use and interpretation of these forecasts and any information, judgments or views contained in the roadmap is entirely the risk of the user. The participants in the compiling of this roadmap will not accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any information contained in the roadmap or any statements, judgments or views expressed as part of the South African Coal Roadmap. SYNTHESIS enables a wide range of stakeholders to discuss the future of the industry. The fact that at this stage in the process Phase The South African Coal Roadmap (SACRM) process I does not provide any clarity on the outlook for the South African coal industry is o"set by the constructive process The need for a Coal Roadmap for South Africa was identi!ed which has been initiated, which augurs well for the successful in 2007 by key role players in the industry, under the auspices development of a South African Coal Roadmap in Phase II. -
Transmission Development Plan 2020-2029 FOREWORD by GROUP EXECUTIVE
Transmission Development Plan 2020-2029 FOREWORD BY GROUP EXECUTIVE “As we do our best to meet our commitments in terms of the TDP, we will certainly face challenges; however, our hope is that, through collaboration, we can all own this plan and support its funding and execution in order to co-create an energy future in support of the economic growth of our country.” Segomoco Scheppers i FOREWORD BY GROUP EXECUTIVE The growth and development of our country’s economy to meet the growth in demand, and supply the future generation pattern. demands of a 21st century lifestyle relies heavily on a secure and With regard to cross-border Transmission inter connectors, our analysis reliable supply of electricity at affordable prices. It is obvious that people highlights the need to strengthen a number of our cross-border whose homes, workplaces, schools, and clinics are connected to the Transmission lines into neighbouring countries, in order to support grid for the first time will find their lives transformed for the better in increased cross-border electricity trade. This is expected to result in ways they could never previously have imagined. reduced upward pressure on tariffs and improved security of electricity supply both in South Africa and the region. The bulk of South Africa’s electricity is still produced by Eskom’s coal- fired power stations located in the coalfields of the Mpumalanga The benefits of a reliable and secure electricity supply to South Africa Highveld and near Lephalale, but the landscape for power generation is must be weighed against the associated costs to ensure that electricity rapidly changing.