DOCSLIB.ORG

Sponsored by the Department of Science and Technology Volume

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sponsored by the Department of Science and Technology Volume Volume 26 Number 3 • August 2015 Sponsored by the Department of Science and Technology Volume 26 Number 3 • August 2015 CONTENTS 2 Reliability benefit of smart grid technologies: A case for South Africa Angela Masembe 10 Low-income resident’s preferences for the location of wind turbine farms in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa Jessica Hosking, Mario du Preez and Gary Sharp 19 Identification and characterisation of performance limiting defects and cell mismatch in photovoltaic modules Jacqui L Crozier, Ernest E van Dyk and Frederick J Vorster 27 A perspective on South African coal fired power station emissions Ilze Pretorius, Stuart Piketh, Roelof Burger and Hein Neomagus 41 Modelling energy supply options for electricity generations in Tanzania Baraka Kichonge, Geoffrey R John and Iddi S N Mkilaha 58 Options for the supply of electricity to rural homes in South Africa Noor Jamal 66 Determinants of energy poverty in South Africa Zaakirah Ismail and Patrick Khembo 79 An overview of refrigeration and its impact on the development in the Democratic Republic of Congo Jean Fulbert Ituna-Yudonago, J M Belman-Flores and V Pérez-García 90 Comparative bioelectricity generation from waste citrus fruit using a galvanic cell, fuel cell and microbial fuel cell Abdul Majeed Khan and Muhammad Obaid 100 The effect of an angle on the impact and flow quantity on output power of an impulse water wheel model Ram K Tyagi CONFERENCE PAPERS 105 Harnessing Nigeria’s abundant solar energy potential using the DESERTEC model Udochukwu B Akuru, Ogbonnaya I Okoro and Chibuike F Maduko 111 Efficiency analysis of an induction motor with direct torque and flux control at a hot rolling mill Rupert Gouws 116 Contemporary wind generators Udochukwu Bola Akuru and Maarten J Kamper 125 Impact of renewable energy deployment on climate change in Nigeria Udochukwu B Akuru, Ogbonnaya I Okoro and Edward Chikuni 135 Details of authors 140 Site usage reports for the JESA Reliability benefit of smart grid technologies: A case for South Africa Angela Masembe Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town Abstract 1. Introduction The South African power industry faces many chal- The distribution sub-system in South Africa, much lenges, from poor performing networks, a shortage like many other countries in the world, is still based of generation capacity to significant infrastructure on 20th century technology (DBSA, 2012). backlog and an ageing work force. According to the According to NELT (2007) and SANEDI (2012a), Development Bank of South Africa (DBSA), the key 20th century technology cannot efficiently sustain a challenge facing the industry is ageing infrastruc- 21st century economy, and power networks need to ture. Smart grid technologies are a class of tech- be ‘modernized’. A report released in 2007 by the nologies that are being developed and used by util- National Energy Regulator of South Africa ities to deliver electrical systems into the 21st centu- (NERSA) on the state of the Electricity Distribution ry using computer-based remote control and Industry (EDI) infrastructure, indicated that automation. The main motive towards smart grid although there were pockets of good performance, technologies is to improve reliability, flexibility, assets needed urgent rehabilitation and investment accessibility and profitability; as well as to support (NERSA, 2007). A study conducted in 2008 by EDI trends towards a more sustainable energy supply. Holdings on the state of the distribution grid of the This study identifies a number of smart grid tech- country, revealed that the distribution grid infra- nologies and examines the impact they may have structure was ageing and poorly maintained, and on the distribution reliability of a test system. The that its state was steadily deteriorating. The study components on the selected test system are the estimated that the maintenance, refurbishment and same as those found on a South African feeder. The strengthening backlog in the distribution grid bulk of the load in test system was modelled using amounted to about 27.4 billion 2008 South African load data collected in South Africa. This study will Rand (2008 ZAR). This backlog was growing at an consider a number of different cases, with the base alarming rate of 2.5 billion ZAR per annum (EDI case incorporating the impact of aged infrastructure Holdings, 2008). The same study pointed out that on the reliability of the system. The smart grid tech- the current practices in the EDI do not promote nologies were then introduced into the system and business sustainability and economic growth. It also their impact on distribution reliability was deter- highlighted the fact that the increased use of an mined. These different cases were also compared to under-maintained distribution grid could be a the alternative of replacing the aged and worn out potential risk to the industry. infrastructure with new infrastructure. The findings A more recent report released in 2012 by the of this study indicate that the identified smart grid Development Bank of South Africa (DBSA) on the technologies improve the reliability of the system, State of South Africa’s Economic Infrastructure, mainly by decreasing the outage duration experi- identified ageing infrastructure as the key challenge enced by customers on the network. An even better for the electricity generation, transmission and dis- performance was achieved when the ageing infra- tribution sectors. The other challenges faced in the structure was replaced with new infrastructure. South African power industry include: poor per- formance networks, shortage of generation capaci- Keywords: distribution reliability, smart grid, feeder ty, significant infrastructure backlog, ageing work automation force, inability to effectively introduce renewable energy options into the grid, and the inability to effectively introduce demand response strategies (SANEDI, 2012b). The term ‘smart grid’ refers to a class of tech- 2 Journal of Energy in Southern Africa • Vol 26 No 3 • August 2015 nologies that are being developed and used by util- In this study, a momentary interruption is ities to deliver electrical systems into the 21st centu- defined as an interruption with duration greater ry using computer-based remote control and than 3 seconds but not longer than 5 minutes, as automation (NELT, 2007). Smart grid technologies defined by the NRS 048-6:2006 specification for have been proposed as one of the possible means the Electricity Supply Industry for medium voltage of implementing new technologies and techniques (MV) and low voltage (LV) systems (Chatterton et into the grids of different countries (SANEDI, al., 2006). 2012a). The main motive towards smart grid tech- nologies is to improve reliability, flexibility, accessi- 3. Smart grid technologies bility and profitability; as well as to support trends Smart grid technologies refer to a group of towards a more sustainable energy supply improved technologies and concepts, that use digi- (Slootweg, 2009). tal and other advanced technologies, to monitor This paper will focus on the improvement smart and manage the transmission of electricity from all grid technologies could have towards improving generation sources, to meet the varying electricity distribution reliability. demands of end users (IEA, 2011). In a broad sense, a “smart grid” refers to a conventional elec- 2. Distribution reliability tric power system equipped with these technologies Reliability may be defined as the probability of a for the purpose of reliability improvement, ease of system performing its required tasks, adequately for control and management, integrating of distributed a period of time and under set operating conditions energy resources and electricity market operations. (Billinton & Allan, 1992). This definition in itself One of the most appealing advantages of smart highlights the uncertainty surrounding the ability of grid technologies is the reduced reaction and the power system to perform as desired, and there- restoration time. This is most apparent when a fault fore, the purpose of power system reliability evalu- has occurred. Ordinarily when a disturbance causes ation and assessment, is to try and quantify the reli- a fault on the network, grid operators are unable to ability of a system for planning and decision mak- identify the exact location of the faulted section of ing. the feeder. The repair crew are dispatched, and Reliability indices are used extensively in the have to perform trial and error switching actions on power system industry as a means to quantify and circuit breakers and isolators, in an effort to find the assess reliability. Reliability indices measure the fre- exact location of the fault. This can take a consider- quency, duration and severity of disturbances on able amount of time during the day and more espe- the network and give insight into the performance cially at night or during unfavourable weather con- of the system. These indices can be regarded as ditions, resulting in an increased outage duration being predictive indices or past performance (Kazemi, 2011). There are a number of smart grid indices. The indices considered in this study are technologies which have been developed in order System Average Interruption Duration Index to reduce the fault location time. These are dis- (SAIDI), System Average Interruption Frequency cussed below: Index (SAIFI), Momentary Average Interruption Frequency Index (MAIFI) and Expected Energy Not i) Distance to fault estimator Supplied (EENS). These indices are calculated as Fault locators reduce the impact of faults as they follows (Billinton & Allan, 1994; Brown, 2006): speed up the restoration process, by allowing isolat- ing and switching operations to be performed much faster (Morales-España et al., 2009). Distance to sum of customer interruption duration SAIDI = (1) fault estimators, are an optional module of modern total number of customers distribution protection equipment which can be used for estimating the fault location. When a fault total no customer momentary interruptions MAIFI = (2) occurs, this module calculates the fault location as a total number of customers served distance from the substation to the fault.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Inside Africa
    INSIDE AFRICA 17 February 2017 Now is the time to invest in Africa BRIEFS Africa • G20 foreign ministers to tackle fight against poverty in Africa • West African CFA franc zone to see strong growth, increased CONTENTS risks: IMF • Ecobank CEO wants 100 mln customers by 2020 In-Depth: Angola - Africa can become a global economic powerhouse. This is • Angola's economy contracted 4.3 percent in Q3, 2016 - stats how .......................................................................................... 2 agency • - Making Renewable Energy More Accessible in Sub-Saharan Angola inflation slows to 40.4 percent year/year in January • Non-resident investors will be able to invest in Angola Stock Africa ................................................................................. 3 Exchange • IMF, WORLD BANK& AFDB ................................................... 5 Eni starts production of East Pole field in Angola - state oil firm • INVESTMENTS ........................................................................... 8 Angola’s Endiama negotiates financing for another diamond project BANKING Egypt • Banks ....................................................................................................... 10 Italy's Eni to start production in Egypt by end of year Ivory Coast Markets 11 .................................................................................................... • Ivory Coast consumer inflation rises to 1.1 pct yr/yr in January ENERGY ....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • (Special Trip) XXXX WER Yes AANDRUS, Bloemfontein 9300
    Place Name Code Hub Surch Regional A KRIEK (special trip) XXXX WER Yes AANDRUS, Bloemfontein 9300 BFN No AANHOU WEN, Stellenbosch 7600 SSS No ABBOTSDALE 7600 SSS No ABBOTSFORD, East London 5241 ELS No ABBOTSFORD, Johannesburg 2192 JNB No ABBOTSPOORT 0608 PTR Yes ABERDEEN (48 hrs) 6270 PLR Yes ABORETUM 3900 RCB Town Ships No ACACIA PARK 7405 CPT No ACACIAVILLE 3370 LDY Town Ships No ACKERVILLE, Witbank 1035 WIR Town Ships Yes ACORNHOEK 1 3 5 1360 NLR Town Ships Yes ACTIVIA PARK, Elandsfontein 1406 JNB No ACTONVILLE & Ext 2 - Benoni 1501 JNB No ADAMAYVIEW, Klerksdorp 2571 RAN No ADAMS MISSION 4100 DUR No ADCOCK VALE Ext/Uit, Port Elizabeth 6045 PLZ No ADCOCK VALE, Port Elizabeth 6001 PLZ No ADDINGTON, Durban 4001 DUR No ADDNEY 0712 PTR Yes ADDO 2 5 6105 PLR Yes ADELAIDE ( Daily 48 Hrs ) 5760 PLR Yes ADENDORP 6282 PLR Yes AERORAND, Middelburg (Tvl) 1050 WIR Yes AEROTON, Johannesburg 2013 JNB No AFGHANI 2 4 XXXX BTL Town Ships Yes AFGUNS ( Special Trip ) 0534 NYL Town Ships Yes AFRIKASKOP 3 9860 HAR Yes AGAVIA, Krugersdorp 1739 JNB No AGGENEYS (Special trip) 8893 UPI Town Ships Yes AGINCOURT, Nelspruit (Special Trip) 1368 NLR Yes AGISANANG 3 2760 VRR Town Ships Yes AGULHAS (2 4) 7287 OVB Town Ships Yes AHRENS 3507 DBR No AIRDLIN, Sunninghill 2157 JNB No AIRFIELD, Benoni 1501 JNB No AIRFORCE BASE MAKHADO (special trip) 0955 PTR Yes AIRLIE, Constantia Cape Town 7945 CPT No AIRPORT INDUSTRIA, Cape Town 7525 CPT No AKASIA, Potgietersrus 0600 PTR Yes AKASIA, Pretoria 0182 JNB No AKASIAPARK Boxes 7415 CPT No AKASIAPARK, Goodwood 7460 CPT No AKASIAPARKKAMP,
    [Show full text]
  • Goscor Cleaning Case Study - Medupi.Pdf 1 2017/02/24 2:48 PM
    Goscor Cleaning Case Study - Medupi.pdf 1 2017/02/24 2:48 PM CASE STUDY Industry: Industrial Facility Eskom’s Medupi Power Station Environmentally friendly vacuum truck cleans up at Medupi Power Station Customer Overview Medupi Power Station is a Greenfield coal-fired power plant project located west of Lephalale in Limpopo. It is regarded as the biggest dry-cooled power station in the world and the fourth largest coal plant in the Southern Hemisphere. Medupi has a planned operational life of 50 years and is the fourth dry-cooled, baseload station built in 20 years by Eskom after Kendal, Majuba and Matimba power stations. The boiler and turbine contracts for Medupi are the largest C that Eskom has signed in its 90-year history. M Y CM MY CY CMY “ K With the deployment of Challenges Medupi Power Station required specialised equipment to clean the HPVR-1000 vacuum and remove a diverse range of materials, such as ash, slurries, coal, and sludge’s at the power station during the final phase of truck, we have managed the restructuring. Environmentally conscious Medupi requires suppliers to comply with stringent standards. to quickly clear water from trenches, sumps and Solution Medupi Power Station selected Goscor Cleaning Equipment as a cavities. The truck also preferred supplier of specialised cleaning equipment. Goscor delivered the environmentally friendly high point HPVR -1000 makes clearing of coal Liquid ring vacuum truck to the power station and an additional vac truck was delivered to the Kendal Power Station. from coal mills and clear- This locally manufactured and specialised wet and dry vacuum truck was developed specifically to meet South African rugged ing of ash dust spillages conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Construction First in Portable Sanitation
    Construction First in Portable Sanitation Sanitech is the leading portable sanitation company in South Africa with branches nationwide and is renowned for its service excellence and superior product technology. Sanitech was the first portable toilet hire company to supply sanitation facilities to areas where no sanitation infrastructure existed. Experience counts and Sanitech understands the importance of choosing a trusted supplier with an outstanding track record. With more than two decades of local experience and the global support of Waco International, Sanitech is the only toilet hire company with the necessary national fleet to maintain a competitive edge. Fast and Efficient Site Solutions Sanitech currently provides ablution facilities to a substantial number of construction and industrial projects throughout the country, improving both the hygiene standards and productivity on these sites. Their services include: • Supply of fresh, clean water to the units • On-site toilet cleaning and servicing to agreed timescales • Short and long term rental of portable toilets and mobile • Replenishment of toilet rolls and soap and paper hand towels ablution units Current industry projects include: • Braamhoek Dam • Glencore Mines • Aveng Mine • Avon Power Station • Anglo Mines • Xstrata Mine • Thukela Water Project • Impumelelo Mine • Shiva Uranium • Cornubia Development • Shondoni Mine • Sasol Sigma Mine • Dube Tradeport • Total Coal Mine • Sasol Wax Phase 1 & 2 • Kouga Wind Farm • Kusile Power Station • Matlosana Mall • Dedisa Power Plant Special Projects • Sibanye Mine Construction • Sasol Synfuels • Wescoal Mine • Lethabo Power Station • PetroSA Orca Rig • Stefanutti Stocks Mine • R377 Road Construction Comprehensive Health and Safety Programme Sanitech’s world-class SHE management system is driven by Waco International Corporate Standards and helps to meet health and safety responsibilities by protecting their most valuable resources – employees, customers, communities and the environment that sustains us all.
    [Show full text]
  • Balancing the Business of Energy and Water
    Water and energy Balancing the business of energy and water As an organisation that constantly strives to limit increases in water consumption and contribute to sustainable water use, Eskom has indicated its commitment to improving the way in which South Africa’s water resources are managed. Eskom’s Nandha Govender provides insight into how this is being achieved. Article by Debbie Besseling. ith a track record of have to go beyond our own interests. some 15 years at Eskom, The idea, which is part of our strat- Govender joined the egy, is that in the course of doing Worganisation’s Generation Divi- our business, we have to find ways sion’s Primary Energy, Water Supply and means of reducing our water ABOUT NANDHA Department in 1998 as a mechani- footprint, and managing our current GOVENDER cal engineer. Today, he is the Acting water resources so that others will General Manager: Operations, under have access to it as well.” • Professional registration: the group’s Commercial and Tech- Eskom Holdings SOC Limited Engineering Council of SA nology: Primary Energy Division, is a large consumer of fresh water, • Other memberships: Certified where he is responsible for integrated accounting for approximately 2-3% Director- Institute of Directors; planning and operations of primary of the country’s total water con- National Society of Black Engineers energy resources such as coal, water sumption annually. Eskom power • Academic qualification: and limestone. In this role he pro- stations run constantly, supplying Bachelor of Science (Mechanical vides general management of the in excess of 95% of South Africa’s Engineering), University of Durban coal supply, water supply, logistics electrical energy and more than half Westville, 1995 operations as well as environmental of the electricity used on the African • First job: Apprentice diesel and technical services; a position continent.
    [Show full text]
  • EIA Project Consulting Team
    CURRICULUM VITAE CHEDA SHEILA MUNIONGO Profession : Environmental Consultant at Savannah Environmental Specialisation : Environmental Management & GIS Years experience : Four (environmental management), Six (GIS) KEY RESPONSIBILITIES Providing consulting services to clients for Environmental-related matters Conducting Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) processes Preparation of EIA reports. Environmental Compliance Auditing and Environmental Control Officer (ECO) services Creating maps for various projects SKILLS BASE AND CORE COMPETENCIES EIA Reporting Site Investigations Environmental Auditing and compliance monitoring Co-ordination and management of project teams Co-ordinating and conducting Public Involvement processes. Administrative tasks (minutes of meetings) Research EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL STATUS Degrees: B Sc (Geography & Environmental Management) obtained from the University of Johannesburg in 2008 BSc (Hons) (Environmental Management) obtained from the University of South Africa in 2010 MSc (Environmental Management) – currently registered with the University of Johannesburg to be completed in 2015 Courses: Telephone impact training Microsoft access EMPLOYMENT 1. June 2008 – January 2011 Name of Employer: Shango Solution Position: GIS Consultant 2. February 2011 – May 2012 Name of Employer: Fourth Element Consulting Position: Assistant Environmental and GIS Practitioner 3. June 2012 – Present Name of Employer: Savannah Environmental Position: Environmental and GIS Consultant PROJECT EXPERIENCE: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS 1. Scoping, EIA Report & EMP for the Roodepoort Strengthening 400kV substation & 400kV power lines near Roodepoort, Gauteng 2. Scoping, EIA Report & EMP for the Merapi Solar Energy Facility, near Excelsior Free State 3. Scoping, EIA Report & EMP for the Sannaspos Solar Energy Facility, near Bloemfontein Free State 4. Scoping, EIA Report & EMP for the Blackwood Solar Energy Facility near Boshof, Free State. 5. Scoping, EIA Report & EMP for the Boundary Solar Energy Facility near Boshof, Free State.
    [Show full text]
  • The World Bank
    Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Ca- ZC~ / 3 7 Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 7630-BO STAFF APPRAISALREPORT Public Disclosure Authorized REPUBLICOF BOLIVIA MINING SECTORREHABILITATION PROJECT APRIL 17, 1989 Public Disclosure Authorized Industry,Trade and FinanceOperations Division Country DepartmentIII Public Disclosure Authorized Latin America and the CaribbeanRegion This document hasa resticted dsibuto0vand may be used by oenpienlsoly In the perdonnanoe of their official duties. Its contents may - A otherwise be disclosed wt World Bank authorizatin CURRENCYEQUIVALENTS Currency Name - Boliviano US$1.00 - Bolivianos 2.47 Bolivianos 1.00 - US$0.405 FISCAL YEAR January 1 to December 31 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 1 meter (m) G 3.281 feet (ft) 1 kilometer (km) = 0.622 miles (mi) 1 kilogram (kg) 2.205 pounds (lb) 1 troy ounce (troy oz) - 31.: grams 1 gram (g) - .032 troy ox 1 metric tonne (mt) - S2,151 troy oz | 2.205 lbs 1 short ton (T) - 2,000 lbs PRINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS BAMIN - Banco Minero BCB - Banco Central de Bolivia SA - Banco Industrial SA . - Centro de Investigacion Minero Metalurgica IMITBOL - Corporacion Hinera de Bolivia -'D - Development Credit Department (Central Bank) ,TAW - Empresa Nacional de Fundiciones FCNEM - Fondo Nacional de Exploracion Minera FSE - Fondo Social de Emergencia FSTMN - Federacion Sindical de Trabajadores Mineros de Bolivia GEOBOL - Servicio Geologico de Bolivia IDB - Interamerican Developi*ent Bank IDM - Instituto de Desarrollo Minero INK - Instituto de Investigacion Minero Metalurgica MMK - Ministry of Mining and Metallurgy STCM - Servicio Tecnico del Cadastro Minero FOR OMFCIL USE ONLY STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT BOLIVIA MINING SECTOR REHABILITATION PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No.
    [Show full text]
  • Report Document Layout
    Appendix 1 IFC Handbook Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability January 1, 2012 Overview of Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability 1. IFC’s Sustainability Framework articulates the Corporation’s strategic commitment to sustainable development, and is an integral part of IFC’s approach to risk management. The Sustainability Framework comprises IFC’s Policy and Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability, and IFC’s Access to Information Policy. The Policy on Environmental and Social Sustainability describes IFC’s commitments, roles, and responsibilities related to environmental and social sustainability. IFC’s Access to Information Policy reflects IFC’s commitment to transparency and good governance on its operations, and outlines the Corporation’s institutional disclosure obligations regarding its investment and advisory services. The Performance Standards are directed towards clients, providing guidance on how to identify risks and impacts, and are designed to help avoid, mitigate, and manage risks and impacts as a way of doing business in a sustainable way, including stakeholder engagement and disclosure obligations of the client in relation to project-level activities. In the case of its direct investments (including project and corporate finance provided through financial intermediaries), IFC requires its clients to apply the Performance Standards to manage environmental and social risks and impacts so that development opportunities are enhanced. IFC uses the Sustainability
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Performance Plan 2021-2022 to 2023-24
    ANNUAL PERFORMANCE PLAN (VOTE 41) FOR THE FISCAL YEARS 2021/22 TO 2023/24 Published by the Department of Water and Sanitation Private Bag X313 Pretoria 0001 South Africa Tel: +2712 336 7500 Fax: +2712 336 8664 This annual performance plan can be obtained from www.dws.gov.za 4 5 ANNUAL PERFORMANCE Plan (VOTE 41) FOR THE FISCAL YEARS 2021/22 TO 2023/24 Foreword by the Minister ...........................................................................................................................................................................i Message from the Deputy Minister .......................................................................................................................................................iii Overview of the Accounting Officer .......................................................................................................................................................v Official sign ...............................................................................................................................................................................................off vi List of abbreviations and acronyms ......................................................................................................................................................vii Strategic overview .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Strategy map of the DWS ...........................................................................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Written Statement of Mxolisi Mgojo, the Chief Executive Officer Of
    1 PUBLIC ENTERPRISES PORTFOLIO COMMITTEE INQUIRY INTO ESKOM, TRANSNET AND DENEL WRITTEN STATEMENT OF MXOLISI MGOJO, THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF EXXARO RESOURCES LIMITED INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 2 COST-PLUS MINES VERSUS COMMERCIAL MINES .......................................... 5 THE SO-CALLED “PRE-PAYMENT” FOR COAL ................................................. 9 PREJUDICE TO EXXARO’S COST-PLUS MINES AND MAFUBE ..................... 11 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 11 Arnot mine ............................................................................................................. 12 Eskom’s failure to fund land acquisition ................................................................. 12 Non-funding of operational capital at Arnot ............................................................ 14 The termination of Arnot’s CSA .............................................................................. 15 Conclusion of the Arnot matters ............................................................................. 19 Mafube mine.......................................................................................................... 19 Matla mine ............................................................................................................. 21 Non-funding of capital of R1.8 billion for mine 1 ...................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment
    Study Name: Orange River Integrated Water Resources Management Plan Report Title: Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment Submitted By: WRP Consulting Engineers, Jeffares and Green, Sechaba Consulting, WCE Pty Ltd, Water Surveys Botswana (Pty) Ltd Authors: A Jeleni, H Mare Date of Issue: November 2007 Distribution: Botswana: DWA: 2 copies (Katai, Setloboko) Lesotho: Commissioner of Water: 2 copies (Ramosoeu, Nthathakane) Namibia: MAWRD: 2 copies (Amakali) South Africa: DWAF: 2 copies (Pyke, van Niekerk) GTZ: 2 copies (Vogel, Mpho) Reports: Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment Review of Surface Hydrology in the Orange River Catchment Flood Management Evaluation of the Orange River Review of Groundwater Resources in the Orange River Catchment Environmental Considerations Pertaining to the Orange River Summary of Water Requirements from the Orange River Water Quality in the Orange River Demographic and Economic Activity in the four Orange Basin States Current Analytical Methods and Technical Capacity of the four Orange Basin States Institutional Structures in the four Orange Basin States Legislation and Legal Issues Surrounding the Orange River Catchment Summary Report TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Objective of the study ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage Impact Assessments/Archaeological Impact Assessments
    PHASE 1 HIA REPORT AGRICULTURAL AND IRRIGATION DAM DEVELOPMENT, OLYVENHOUTS DRIFT SETTLEMENT, NORTHERN CAPE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT OF AN IRRIGATION DAM AND AGRICULTURAL EXPANSION ON ERVEN 1074 AND 754, OLYVENHOUTS DRIFT SETTLEMENT, UPINGTON, DAWID KRUIPER MUNICIPALITY, Z.F. MGCAWU DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY, NORTHERN CAPE. PREPARED FOR: ENVIROAFRICA PREPARED BY: HEIDI FIVAZ & JAN ENGELBRECHT UBIQUE HERITAGE CONSULTANTS 03 NOVEMBER 2020 VERSION 2 Web: www.ubiquecrm.com Mail: [email protected] Office: (+27)0721418860 Address: P.O. Box 5022 Weltevredenpark 1715 CSD Supplier Number MAAA0586123 PHASE 1 HIA REPORT AGRICULTURAL AND IRRIGATION DAM DEVELOPMENT, OLYVENHOUTS DRIFT SETTLEMENT, NORTHERN CAPE Client: EnviroAfrica CC. P.O. Box 5367, Helderberg, 7135 Fax: 086 512 0154 / Tel: 021 8511616 / Email: [email protected] Contact Person: Bernard de Witt Email: [email protected] Heritage Consultant: UBIQUE Heritage Consultants Contact Person: Jan Engelbrecht (archaeologist and lead CRM specialist) Member of the Association of Southern African Professional Archaeologists: Member number: 297 Cell: (+27) 0828456276 Email: [email protected] Heidi Fivaz (archaeologist) Member of the Association of Southern African Professional Archaeologists: Member number: 433 Cell: (+27) 0721418860 Email: [email protected] For this project, Mr Engelbrecht was responsible for the field survey of the development footprint, identification of heritage resources, and recommendations. Ms Fivaz was responsible for research and report compilation. Declaration
    [Show full text]