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The Case of Kusile FINAL
THE EXTERNAL COST OF COAL -FIRED POWER GENERATION: The case of Kusile Prepared by: • Business Enterprises at University of Pretoria (Pty(Pty)) LLtLtdtdd Prepared for: • Greenpeace Africa and Greenpeace International DATE: 29 September 2011 PO Box 14679 Hatfield 0028 University of Pretoria Main Campus, Prospect Street, Hatfield, Graduate Centre, Ground Floor, Entrance 1.82 T: +27 (12) 420 4245 F: +27 (12) 362 5270 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 5 2. Background, problem statement and study limitations 7 3. The externality cost of coal-fired power generation: a sectoral overview 9 3.1 Health 9 3.2 Climate change 11 3.3 Water 13 3.4 Mining 15 4. Results 17 5. Conclusion 19 6. References 21 NOTE: For access to the annexes listed below, please refer to the Greenpeace Africa website: www.greenpeaceafrica.org Annex 0 (Background): Coal and coal-fired power generation in South Africa Annex 1: The health costs of coal-fired power generation in South Africa Annex 2: Climate change: the opportunity cost of Medupi and Kusile power stations Annex 3: Estimating the opportunity cost of water for the Kusile and Medupi coal-fired electricity power plants in South Africa Annex 4: The external costs of coal mining: the case of collieries supplying Kusile power station ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors gratefully acknowledge comments provided by the Greenpeace Africa and Greenpeace International review teams, and by four workshop panellists, Prof Jane Olwoch, Prof Kuku Voyi, Prof Ban Farrell and Mr Meiring du Plessis. This research was financially supported -
Balancing the Business of Energy and Water
Water and energy Balancing the business of energy and water As an organisation that constantly strives to limit increases in water consumption and contribute to sustainable water use, Eskom has indicated its commitment to improving the way in which South Africa’s water resources are managed. Eskom’s Nandha Govender provides insight into how this is being achieved. Article by Debbie Besseling. ith a track record of have to go beyond our own interests. some 15 years at Eskom, The idea, which is part of our strat- Govender joined the egy, is that in the course of doing Worganisation’s Generation Divi- our business, we have to find ways sion’s Primary Energy, Water Supply and means of reducing our water ABOUT NANDHA Department in 1998 as a mechani- footprint, and managing our current GOVENDER cal engineer. Today, he is the Acting water resources so that others will General Manager: Operations, under have access to it as well.” • Professional registration: the group’s Commercial and Tech- Eskom Holdings SOC Limited Engineering Council of SA nology: Primary Energy Division, is a large consumer of fresh water, • Other memberships: Certified where he is responsible for integrated accounting for approximately 2-3% Director- Institute of Directors; planning and operations of primary of the country’s total water con- National Society of Black Engineers energy resources such as coal, water sumption annually. Eskom power • Academic qualification: and limestone. In this role he pro- stations run constantly, supplying Bachelor of Science (Mechanical vides general management of the in excess of 95% of South Africa’s Engineering), University of Durban coal supply, water supply, logistics electrical energy and more than half Westville, 1995 operations as well as environmental of the electricity used on the African • First job: Apprentice diesel and technical services; a position continent. -
Proposed Coal-Fired Power Stations and Associated Infrastructure in the Waterberg, Limpopo
Report No: [4793A/402719] ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS: PROPOSED COAL-FIRED POWER STATIONS AND ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE WATERBERG, LIMPOPO FINAL SCOPING REPORT March 2009 LEAD CONSULTANT PROPONENT Ninham Shand (Pty) Ltd. Eskom Holdings Ltd. 81 Church Street Eskom Generation PO Box 1347 Megawatt Park Cape Town Maxwell Drive 8000 Sandton, 2199 Tel: (021) 481 2400 Tel: (011) 800 3501 Fax: (021) 424 5588 Fax : (011) 800 5140 Email: [email protected] Website : www.eskom.co.za PROPOSED COAL-FIRED POWER STATIONS IN THE WATERBERG, LIMPOPO: SCOPING REPORT Page i PROJECT DETAILS DEAT REFERENCE NO. : 12/12/20/1255 TITLE : FINAL SCOPING REPORT AUTHORS : Louise Corbett, Ashwin West, Brett Lawson SUBCONSULTANTS : AirShed Planning Professionals Golder Associates Groundwater Consulting Services InfoTox Ivuzi Johnny van Schalkwyk (Private Consultant) Jongens Keet Associates Makecha Development Association Ndodana Consulting Engineers Ptersa Environmental Management Consultants Riscom Smith, Summers, Ndlovu Associates Strategic Environmental Focus Urban-Econ Zitholele Consulting CLIENT : Eskom Holdings Limited (Generation Division) REPORT STATUS : Final REPORT NUMBER : 4793A/402719 REPORT DATE : 31 March 2009 ................................................ ………........................................... LOUISE CORBETT ASHWIN WEST (Pr. Sci Nat) Environmental Practitioner Associate: Environmental Discipline Group ................................................ BRETT LAWSON (Cert. EAPSA)(Pr Sci Nat) Associate: Environmental Discipline -
Sponsored by the Department of Science and Technology Volume
Volume 26 Number 3 • August 2015 Sponsored by the Department of Science and Technology Volume 26 Number 3 • August 2015 CONTENTS 2 Reliability benefit of smart grid technologies: A case for South Africa Angela Masembe 10 Low-income resident’s preferences for the location of wind turbine farms in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa Jessica Hosking, Mario du Preez and Gary Sharp 19 Identification and characterisation of performance limiting defects and cell mismatch in photovoltaic modules Jacqui L Crozier, Ernest E van Dyk and Frederick J Vorster 27 A perspective on South African coal fired power station emissions Ilze Pretorius, Stuart Piketh, Roelof Burger and Hein Neomagus 41 Modelling energy supply options for electricity generations in Tanzania Baraka Kichonge, Geoffrey R John and Iddi S N Mkilaha 58 Options for the supply of electricity to rural homes in South Africa Noor Jamal 66 Determinants of energy poverty in South Africa Zaakirah Ismail and Patrick Khembo 79 An overview of refrigeration and its impact on the development in the Democratic Republic of Congo Jean Fulbert Ituna-Yudonago, J M Belman-Flores and V Pérez-García 90 Comparative bioelectricity generation from waste citrus fruit using a galvanic cell, fuel cell and microbial fuel cell Abdul Majeed Khan and Muhammad Obaid 100 The effect of an angle on the impact and flow quantity on output power of an impulse water wheel model Ram K Tyagi CONFERENCE PAPERS 105 Harnessing Nigeria’s abundant solar energy potential using the DESERTEC model Udochukwu B Akuru, Ogbonnaya -
Transmission Ten-Year Development Plan 2013-2022 Transmission Ten-Year Plan 2013 – 2022 > FOREWORD by GROUP EXECUTIVE
Transmission Ten-Year Development Plan 2013-2022 Transmission Ten-Year Plan 2013 – 2022 > FOREWORD BY GROUP EXECUTIVE “I would also like to take this opportunity to thank the team that has worked and continues to work on the development of these plans.” A reliable electricity supply of acceptable quality is essential for the developed by Eskom and IPPs must be connected to the network. economic development of South Africa. It is also a prerequisite The first two phases of preferred bidders for the Department for socio-economic development, as it paves the way to access to of Energy’s REFIT renewable energy programme (wind, solar education, improved nutrition and health care, and jobs, amongst photovoltaic, solar thermal, etc.) have been announced to help others. The transmission system plays a vital role in the delivery meet South Africa’s commitment to reduce carbon emissions. of a reliable, high quality electricity supply throughout South Africa Thirdly, new loads need to be connected to the network. and the region, by delivering electricity in bulk to load centres The provision of a reliable electricity supply, which will enable South and very large end-users. From there, the distribution networks Africa to meet its economic growth targets, requires significant owned by Eskom and municipalities deliver electricity to end-users. capital investment, which is ultimately funded by electricity The transmission system needs to be well-maintained to deliver a consumers through the tariff. There is a need for stakeholders reliable supply of electricity, and it also needs to be strengthened to understand what is required to ensure a reliable and secure to meet changing customer needs. -
Eskom Presentation
Presentation to Portfolio Committee on Energy 15 March 2011 Eskom Holdings Ltd Update of Eskom’s Capital Expansion Programme Paul O’Flaherty Finance Director 2 1. Business overview 2. South Africa requirements and the capital expansion programme 3. Alignment with SA macro-economic principles 4. Costs and funding 5. Conclusion 3 Eskom at a glance • Strategic 100% state-owned electricity utility, strongly Eskom power grid(1) supported by the government • Vertically integrated across generation, transmission and distribution • Supplies approximately 95% of South Africa’s electricity (45% of the total electricity consumed in Africa) • 40 887 employees as at 31 December 2010 • Serves 3 000 industrial, 1 000 mining, 48 000 commercial, 84 000 agricultural and more than 4 million residential customers • 27 (including 1 nuclear) operational power stations with a Existing grid system Thermal power station Possible future grid system Future interconnection substation net maximum capacity of 40.87GW as at 31 March 2010 Future hydroelectric power station Nuclear power station Future thermal power station Future gas station Hydroelectric power station Gas power station • Total electricity sales of 218 591GWh and total revenues of Interconnection substation Town R71.21bn for the year ended 31 March 2010 (R71,6bn for 9 months ended 31 December 2010) Eskom’s net capacity mix – 31 March 2010 • Infrastructure includes 390,338km of power lines and Total: 40.87GW cables (all voltages) as at 31 March 2010 • Committed to build 17GW new generation capacity expected -
Overview of the South African Coal Value Chain
SOUTH AFRICAN COAL ROADMAP OVERVIEW OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN COAL VALUE CHAIN PREPARED AS A BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN COAL ROADMAP OCTOBER 2011 Overview of the South African Coal Value Chain | I Disclaimer: The statements and views of the South African Coal Roadmap are a consensus view of the participants in the development of the roadmap and do not necessarily represent the views of the participating members in their individual capacity. An extensive as reasonably possible range of information was used in compiling the roadmap; all judgments and views expressed in the roadmap are based upon the information available at the time and remain subject to further review. The South African Coal Roadmap does not guarantee the correctness, reliability or completeness of any information, judgments or views included in the roadmap. All forecasts made in this document have been referenced where possible and the use and interpretation of these forecasts and any information, judgments or views contained in the roadmap is entirely the risk of the user. The participants in the compiling of this roadmap will not accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any information contained in the roadmap or any statements, judgments or views expressed as part of the South African Coal Roadmap. SYNTHESIS enables a wide range of stakeholders to discuss the future of the industry. The fact that at this stage in the process Phase The South African Coal Roadmap (SACRM) process I does not provide any clarity on the outlook for the South African coal industry is o"set by the constructive process The need for a Coal Roadmap for South Africa was identi!ed which has been initiated, which augurs well for the successful in 2007 by key role players in the industry, under the auspices development of a South African Coal Roadmap in Phase II. -
Transmission Development Plan 2020-2029 FOREWORD by GROUP EXECUTIVE
Transmission Development Plan 2020-2029 FOREWORD BY GROUP EXECUTIVE “As we do our best to meet our commitments in terms of the TDP, we will certainly face challenges; however, our hope is that, through collaboration, we can all own this plan and support its funding and execution in order to co-create an energy future in support of the economic growth of our country.” Segomoco Scheppers i FOREWORD BY GROUP EXECUTIVE The growth and development of our country’s economy to meet the growth in demand, and supply the future generation pattern. demands of a 21st century lifestyle relies heavily on a secure and With regard to cross-border Transmission inter connectors, our analysis reliable supply of electricity at affordable prices. It is obvious that people highlights the need to strengthen a number of our cross-border whose homes, workplaces, schools, and clinics are connected to the Transmission lines into neighbouring countries, in order to support grid for the first time will find their lives transformed for the better in increased cross-border electricity trade. This is expected to result in ways they could never previously have imagined. reduced upward pressure on tariffs and improved security of electricity supply both in South Africa and the region. The bulk of South Africa’s electricity is still produced by Eskom’s coal- fired power stations located in the coalfields of the Mpumalanga The benefits of a reliable and secure electricity supply to South Africa Highveld and near Lephalale, but the landscape for power generation is must be weighed against the associated costs to ensure that electricity rapidly changing. -
Cenyu Scoping Report
EASTERN CAPE DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING Cenyu/ Cenyulands Housing Dev elopment Scoping Report December 2011 J29034A Arcus GIBB (Pty) Ltd Reg. 1992/007139/07 East London Office: 9 Pearce St reet , Berea , East London PROPOSED CENYU/ CENYULANDS HOUSING DEVELOPMENT DRAFT SCOPING REPORT CONTENTS Chapter Description Page 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Purpose of Report 1 1.2 EIA Process 1 2 PROPOSED ACTIVITY 5 2.1 Location of the proposed activity 5 2.2 Description of Proposed Activity 7 2.3 Roads 9 2.4 Stormwater Drainage 9 2.5 Bulk Water Supply and Reticulation 12 2.6 Sanitation 13 2.7 Motivation for Proposed Activity 13 2.8 Alternatives 13 3 LEGISLATION AND POLICY GUIDELINES CONSIDERED 15 3.1 The Constitution of South Africa (Act No. 108 of 1996) 15 3.2 The National Environmental Management Act (Act 107 of 1998) 15 3.3 Legislation for the Conservation of Natural Resources 17 3.4 Summary of Relevant Legislation 22 4 DESCRIPTION OF THE RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT 24 4.1 Introduction 24 4.2 Physical Environment 24 4.3 Biological Environment 27 4.4 Socio-Economic Environment 31 4.5 Cultural/ Historical sites 32 i 5 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND IMPACTS IDENTIFIED 33 5.1 Project activities affecting the environment 33 5.2 Need and Desirability of Project 34 5.3 Biophysical Impacts 35 5.4 Ecological Impacts 36 5.5 Socio-economic Impacts 37 5.6 Cumulative Impacts 37 5.7 Key Issues to be addressed in the EIA Phase 38 6 METHODOLOGY IN ASSESSING IMPACTS 39 6.1 Introduction 39 7 PLAN OF STUDY FOR EIA 42 7.1 Introduction 42 7.2 Key Issues to be addressed in the -
Tebogo Mapinga
Tebogo Mapinga KEY EXPERIENCE Professional Registrations: • SACNASP (115518) Tebogo is is a professional evironmental scientist with 11years’ experience in the environmental management field in both public and private sectors. Her competencies lie in management and co-ordination of environmental projects, environmental impact assessments, compliance monitoring ensuring compliance to legislation and guidelines and public participation for small and large scale projects. Occupation: PROJECT EXPERIENCE • Snr. Environmental Scientist 2017 Thabamesti Coal Fired Power Station Permitting 2017 Richards Bay CCPP Power Project Environmental Screening and Environmental Impact Assessment – EIA 2017 Roggeveld Wind Farm Environmental Management Programme (EMPr) Amendment and all work Specialisation: required to reach financial close- permitting (Building Energy and G7) 2017 Klawer Wind Farm • Project Management EMPr Amendment and all work required to reach financial close- permitting • Environmental Authorisations (Building Energy and G7) • Environmental Management 2017 Roggeveld Wind Farm • The review of BARs, EIARs, Environmental Management Programme (EMPr) Amendment and all work and EMPr’s required to reach financial close- permitting (Building Energy and G7) 2017 Adams PV Facility Upgrading of Charles Street All work required to reach financial close- permitting (Aurora Power Solutions Education: (Pty) 2016 Bellatrix PV Facility • BSc (Zoology and Physiology), All work required to reach financial close- permitting (Aurora Power Solutions 2007 (Pty) -
Coal - Balance Between Supplies to Eskom and Exports
Coal - balance between supplies to Eskom and exports Written by M Dworzanowski Friday, 01 November 2013 00:00 The South African coal mining industry is very often portrayed as a poor cousin to the gold and platinum sectors. And more often than not, when coal is under the spotlight, the emphasis is on supplies to Eskom. The true contribution of coal to the South African economy and the significant size of the industry are rarely appreciated. The majority of coal mines are still based in Mpumalanga, in the vicinities of Witbank, Middelburg, Belfast, Secunda, and Ermelo. These mines supply numerous Eskom power stations, as well as Sasol’s facilities in Secunda, and they also produce a significant amount of export thermal coal. Coal mining in KwaZulu-Natal is on the decline and no longer significant. There is one coal mine in the Free State – New Vaal, which supplies the Lethabo power station. Limpopo has the very large Grootegeluk coal mine, supplying the Matimba power station and which in due course will supply the new Medupi power station. In the near future the centre of gravity of the South African coal industry will shift from Mpumalanga to Limpopo as coal reserves become depleted in Mpumalanga. However, this shift will not be a simple case of more of the same in just a different location. The Limpopo coalfields are very different to those in Mpumalanga in terms of mining and coal washing. While Grootegeluk is leading the way, new mining projects in Limpopo will require different approaches, and future developments will need innovation and extended project execution. -
Lethabo Feiar Main Report
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT PROPOSED LETHABO PV SOLAR ENERGY FACILITY NEAR SASOLBURG, FREE STATE PROVINCE DEA REF NO.: 14/12/16/3/3/2/753 FINAL FOR SUBMISSION TO THE DEA JUNE 2016 Prepared for: Eskom Holdings SOC Limited Megawatt Park, Maxwell Drive, Sandton, Johannesburg Prepared by: Savannah Environmental Pty Ltd Unit 10, Block 2 5 Woodlands Drive Office Park, Corner Woodlands Drive & Western Service Road, WOODMEAD, Gauteng po box 148, sunninghil, 2157 Tel: +27 (0)11 656 3237 Fax: +27 (0)86 684 0547 E-mail: [email protected] www.savannahsa.com PROPOSED LETHABO PV SOLAR ENERGY FACILITY NEAR SASOLBURG, FREE STATE PROVINCE Environmental Impact Assessment Report June 2016 PROJECT DETAILS DEA Reference No. : 14/12/16/3/3/2/753 Title : Environmental Impact Assessment Process Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the Proposed Lethabo PV Solar Energy Facility near Sasolburg, Free State Province Authors : Savannah Environmental (Pty) Ltd Sandhisha Jay Narain Jo-Anne Thomas Sub-consultants : Feathers Environmental Services Limosella Consulting ARC-Institute for Soil, Climate and Water Heritage Contracts and Archaeological Consulting CC (HCAC) BM Geological Services Afzelia Environmental Consultants and Environmental Planning and Design Client : Eskom Holding SOC (state owned company) Ltd Report Status : Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Public Review Review Date : June 2016 When used as a reference this report should be cited as: Savannah Environmental (2016) Environmental Impact Assessment Report: Proposed Lethabo PV Solar Energy Facility near Sasolburg, Free State Province. COPYRIGHT RESERVED This technical report has been produced by Savannah Environmental (Pty) Ltd for Eskom Holding SOC (state owned company) Ltd.