FAMILY Lebiasinidae Gill, 1889 - pencilfishes SUBFAMILY Lebiasininae Gill, 1889 - pencilfishes [=Piabucininae] Notes: Name in prevailing recent practice, Article 35.5 Lebiasininae Gill, 1889c:2000 [ref. 32847] (subfamily) Lebiasina [genus inferred from the stem, Article 11.7.1.1; stem changed to Lebias- by Hoedeman 1950:83 [ref. 2176]] Piabucininae Eigenmann, 1909b:255 [ref. 1223] (subfamily) Piabucina [genus inferred from the stem, Article 11.7.1.1]

GENUS Derhamia Géry & Zarske, 2002 - shy pencilfishes (author) [=Derhamia Géry [J.] & Zarske [A.], 2002:36, Notes: [ref. 26555]. Fem. Derhamia hoffmannorum Géry & Zarske, 2002. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Derhamia Géry & Zarske, 2002 -- (Weitzman & Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:242 [ref. 27061], Netto-Ferreira et al. 2011:767 [ref. 31718] as incertae sedis in Lebiasinidae). Current status: Valid as Derhamia Géry & Zarske, 2002. Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae.

Species Derhamia hoffmannorum Géry & Zarske, 2002 - shy pencilfish (author) [=Derhamia hoffmannorum Géry [J.] & Zarske [A.], 2002:39, Figs. 1-6, 8, 11] Notes: [Zoologische Abhandlungen; Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden v. 52; ref. 26555] Sand bank at the confluence of the Kamarang River and the Mazaruni River, north of the Roraima, northwestern part of Guyana. Current status: Valid as Derhamia hoffmannorum Géry & Zarske, 2002. Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Mazaruni River basin, Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Lebiasina Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847 - pencilfishes, lebiasinas [=Lebiasina Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847:531, Piabucina Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:161] Notes: [ref. 4883]. Fem. Lebiasina bimaculata Valenciennes, 1847. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Lebiasina Valenciennes, 1847 -- (Weitzman & Cobb 1975:2 [ref. 7134], Géry 1977:123 [ref. 1597], Taphorn 1992:468 [ref. 23654], Géry & Zarske 2002:36 [ref. 26555], Weitzman & Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:242 [ref. 27061], Ardila Rodríguez 2008:17 [ref. 30121], Ardila Rodríguez 2008:27 [ref. 30122], Netto-Ferreira et al. 2011:767 [ref. 31718], Netto-Ferreira 2012:487 [ref. 32207]). Current status: Valid as Lebiasina Valenciennes, 1847. Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. (Piabucina) [ref. 1014]. Fem. Piabucina erythrinoides Valenciennes, 1850. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Lebiasina Valenciennes, 1846 -- (Géry 1977:123 [ref. 1597], Taphorn 1992:468 [ref. 23654], Netto-Ferreira et al. 2011:768 [ref. 31718]). •Valid as Piabucina Valenciennes, 1850 -- (Weitzman & Cobb 1975:2 [ref. 7134], Taphorn & Lilyestrom 1980:335 [ref. 30064], Weitzman & Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:246 [ref. 27061], Netto-Ferreira et al. 2011:767 [ref. 31718] but see p. 768, Netto-Ferreira 2012:487 [ref. 32207]). Current status: Synonym of Lebiasina (Valenciennes, 1850). Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae.

Species Lebiasina ardilai Netto-Ferreira et al., 2013 - Ardila's pencilfish (author) [=Lebiasina ardilai Netto-Ferreira [A. L.], Lopez-Fernandez [H.], Taphorn [D. C.] & Liverpool [E. A.], 2013:563, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zootaxa 3652 (no. 5); ref. 32711] Essequibo River System, Mazaruni River drainage, Wanuma Creek at campsite, 5°28'40.3'N, 60°46'45.3"W, Guyana. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina ardilai Netto-Ferreira, Lopez-Fernandez,Taphorn & Liverpool, 2013. Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Upper Mazaruni River drainage, Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina astrigata (Regan, 1903) - St. Javier pencilfish (author) [=Piabucina astrigata Regan [C. T.], 1903:622] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 12 (no. 72) (art. 64); ref. 13401] St. Javier, Paramba and Río Sapayo, northwestern Ecuador. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina astrigata (Regan, 1903). Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Northern Ecuador and southern Colombia west of the Andes: Colombia and Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina aureoguttata (Fowler, 1911) - Chimbo pencilfish (author) [=Piabucina aureoguttata Fowler [H. W.], 1911:513, Fig. 6] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 63; ref. 1384] Affluent of the Río Chimbo near Bucay, Guayas Province, western Ecuador. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina aureoguttata (Fowler, 1911). Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Ecuador west of the Andes. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina bimaculata Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847 - twospot lebiasina [=Lebiasina bimaculata Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847:531, Pl. 587 [not 553]] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Río Rimac, near Lima, Peru. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina bimaculata Valenciennes, 1847. Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Ecuador and Peru west of the Andes and upper Marañón River basin: Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina boruca (Bussing, 1967) - Cato pencilfish (author) [=Piabucina boruca Bussing [W. A.], 1967:218, Fig. 3] Notes: [Revista de Biologia Tropical v. 14 (no. 2) (1966); ref. 7946] Stream 7.5 kilometers south of Interamerican Highway on road to Golfito, Puntarenas, southeastern Costa Rica, elevation 20 meters. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina boruca (Bussing, 1967). Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Costa Rica, Grande de Térraba and Cato River basins. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina chocoensis Ardila Rodriguez, 2010 - Chaco pencilfish (author) [=Lebiasina chocoensis Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.], 2010] Notes: [Peces del Departmento del Chocó v. 1; ref. 31719] Quibdó, affluent of río Tutunendo, 5°46'56"N, 77°24'45"W, Chacó, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina chocoensis Ardila Rodríguez, 2010. Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina chucuriensis Ardila Rodriguez, 2001 - Chucuri pencilfish (author) [=Lebiasina chucuriensis Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.], 2001:[2], Figs.] Notes: [Revista Unimetro v. 13 (no. 27-28); ref. 25626] Quebrada La Carbonera, affluence of Río La Llana, San Vicente de Chucurí, Depto de Santader, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina chucuriensis Ardila Rodríguez, 2001. Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Northern Colombia between Magdalena River and the Andes. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina colombia Ardila Rodriguez, 2008 - Colombia pencilfish (author) [=Lebiasina colombia Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.], 2008:27, Figs. 1-3, 4 upper, 5] Notes: [Dahlia (Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Ictiólogos, ACICTIOS). v. 10; ref. 30122] Quebarba El Higuerón, afluente del Río Sinú, Tierralta, Departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina colombia Ardila Rodríguez, 2008. Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Upper Río Sinú, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina elongata (Boulenger, 1887) - Canelos pencilfish (author) [=Piabucina elongata Boulenger [G. A.], 1887:280, Pl. 23 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887 (pt 2); ref. 532] Canelos and Sarayacu, eastern Ecuador. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina elongata (Boulenger, 1887). Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Amazon side of Andes in Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina erythrinoides (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850) - Maracaibo pencilfish (author) [=Piabucina erythrinoides Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:161, Pl. 640] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina erythrinoides (Valenciennes, 1850). Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Northeastern Venezuela in Lake Maracaibo basin and along coast of Andes, northwestern Colombia, and Venezuelan llanos: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina festae (Boulenger, 1899) - Festa's pencilfish (author) [=Piabucina festae Boulenger [G. A.], 1899:1] Notes: [Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Università di Torino v. 14 (no. 346); ref. 14698] Laguna della Pita, Darien, Panama. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina festae (Boulenger, 1899). Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Pacific drainages of Panama and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina floridablancaensis Ardila Rodríguez, 1994 - El Gaque pencilfish (author) [=Lebiasina floridablancaensis Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.], 1994:[2], Figs.] Notes: [Revista Unimetro v. 10 (no. 19); ref. 22525] El Gaque, Tributary to Río Aranzoque, Municipio de Flordablanca, Dept. Santander, Colombia, elevation 1000 meters. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina floridablancaensis Ardila Rodríguez, 1994. Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Northeastern Colombia between Magdalena River and the Andes. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina intermedia Meinken, 1936 - Santarem pencilfish (author) [=Lebiasina intermedia Meinken [H.], 1936:49, Fig.] Notes: [Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarien-Kunde. Stuttgart. v. 47 (no. 3); ref. 13723] Santarém, Amazon River, Pará. Brazil. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina intermedia Meinken, 1936. Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina marilynae Netto-Ferreira, 2012 - Xingu pencilfish (author) [=Lebiasina marilynae Netto-Ferreira [A. L.], 2012:488, Fig. 1, 3a] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 10 (no. 3); ref. 32207] Rio Xingu drainage, unnamed tributary of rio Curuá, rio Iriri basin, near BR-163 road, 8°49'12"S, 54°58'11"W, Altamira, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina marilynae Netto-Ferreira, 2012. Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Rio Curuá, rio Xingui basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina melanoguttata Netto-Ferreira, 2012 - Curua pencilfish (author) [=Lebiasina melanoguttata Netto-Ferreira [A. L.], 2012:491, Figs. 5, 2a] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 10 (no. 3); ref. 32207] Rio Xingu drainage, unnamed tributary of rio Curuá, rio Iriri basin, near BR-163 road, 8°49'12"S, 54°58'11"W, Altamira, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina melanoguttata Netto-Ferreira, 2012. Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Rio Curuá, rio Xingui basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina minuta Netto-Ferreira, 2012 - Iriri pencilfish (author) [=Lebiasina minuta Netto-Ferreira [A. L.], 2012:494, Fig. 6] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 10 (no. 3); ref. 32207] Rio Xingu drainage, rio Treze de Maio, rio Iriri basin, near BR-163 road, 8°47'03"S, 54°58'29"W, Altamira, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina minuta Netto-Ferreira, 2012. Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Tributries of rio Curuá, rio Xingu basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina multimaculata Boulenger, 1911 - Condoto pencilfish (author) [=Lebiasina multimaculata Boulenger [G. A.], 1911:212] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 7 (no. 38); ref. 14777] Río Condoto at Condoto, Chocó Dept., southwestern Colombia, elevation 150 feet. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina multimaculata Boulenger, 1911. Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Southwestern Colombia. Habitat: freshwater. Species Lebiasina narinensis Ardila Rodríguez, 2002 - Narino pencilfish (author) [=Lebiasina narinensis Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.], 2002:11-18, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Dahlia (Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Ictiólogos, ACICTIOS). No. 5; ref. 26233] Quebrada Angostura, vía Tumaco-Pasto, Dept. Nariño, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina narinensis Ardila Rodríguez, 2002. Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina ortegai Ardila Rodriguez, 2008 - Cauca pencilfish (author) [=Lebiasina ortegai Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.], 2008:20, Figs. 2-9, 10A] Notes: [Dahlia (Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Ictiólogos, ACICTIOS). v. 10; ref. 30121] Quebradaa afluente de Rio Las Cañas, 200 meters antes de cruzar la via Florida Miranda, Municipio de Florida, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina ortegai Ardila Rodríguez, 2008. Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Río Cauca River system, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina panamensis (Gill, 1877) - Panama pencilfish (author) [=Piabucina panamensis Gill [T. N.], 1877:336] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 28 (for 1876); ref. 17633] Río Frijoli and a stream emptying into the Atlantic, Panama. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina panamensis (Gill, 1877). Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Colombia and Panama. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina provenzanoi Ardila Rodriguez, 1999 - Aponwao pencilfish (author) [=Lebiasina provenzanoi Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.], 1999:[2], Figs.] Notes: [Revista Unimetro v. 13 (no. 25-26); ref. 25624] Río Aponwao (Qda. Tarotá), Gran Sabana, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina provenzanoi Ardila Rodríguez, 1999. Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Upper Aponwao River basin, Gran Sabana, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina taphorni Ardila Rodriguez, 2004 - Taphorn's pencilfish (author) [=Lebiasina taphorni Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.], 2004:58, Unnumbered Fig., plus Figs. 1, 3, 5, 6, 7A] Notes: [Dahlia (Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Ictiólogos, ACICTIOS). v. 7; ref. 28133] Río Caura, Estado Bolóvar, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina taphorni Ardila Rodríguez, 2004. Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Ráo Caura, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina unitaeniata (Gunther, 1864) - Guyana pencilfish (author) [=Piabucina unitaeniata Günther [A.], 1864:311] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Guyana. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina unitaeniata (Günther, 1864). Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Western Guyana in vicinity of Roraima and Gran Sabana: Guyana and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina uruyensis Fernández-Yépez, 1967 - Uruyen pencilfish (author) [=Lebiasina uruyensis Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1967:173, Pl. 5] Notes: [Acta Biologica Venezuelica v. 5 (art. 10); ref. 7889] Río Uruyén, region of Auyantepui, Cuenca del Caroní, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina uruyensis Fernández-Yépez, 1967. Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Upper Caroni River basin in western Gran Sabana, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina yepezi Netto-Ferreira et al., 2011 - Yepez's pencilfish (author) [=Lebiasina yepezi Netto-Ferreira [A. L.], Oyakawa [O. T.], Zuanon [J.] & Nolasco [J. C.], 2011:767, Figs. 1, 2b, 3] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 9 (no. 4); ref. 31718] Rio Marari, tributary of rio Padauari, Upper rio Negro drainage, at basecamp between 700-1000 meters elevation, upstream to Missão Marari of Ianomami Village, Serra Tapirapecó, 1°12'26"N, 64°47'18"W, Amazonas State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina yepezi Netto-Ferreira, Oyakawa, Zuanon & Nolasco, 2011. Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Rio Amazonas system and rio Negro drainage, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lebiasina yuruaniensis Ardila Rodriguez, 2000 - Yuruano pencilfish (author) [=Lebiasina yuruaniensis Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.], 2000:[2], Figs.] Notes: [Revista Unimetro v. 13 (no. 25-26); ref. 25625] Río Yuruaní, Gran Sabana, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Lebiasina yuruaniensis Ardila Rodríguez, 2000. Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater

GENUS Piabucina Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850 - pencilfishes [=Piabucina Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:161] Notes: [ref. 1014]. Fem. Piabucina erythrinoides Valenciennes, 1850. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Lebiasina Valenciennes, 1846 – (Géry 1977:123 [ref. 1597], Taphorn 1992:468 [ref. 23654], Netto-Ferreira et al. 2011:768 [ref. 31718]). •Valid as Piabucina Valenciennes, 1850 -- (Weitzman & Cobb 1975:2 [ref. 7134], Taphorn & Lilyestrom 1980:335 [ref. 30064], Weitzman & Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:246 [ref. 27061], Netto-Ferreira et al. 2011:767 [ref. 31718] but see p. 768, Netto-Ferreira 2012:487 [ref. 32207]). Current status: Valid as Piabucina Valenciennes, 1850. Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae.

Species Piabucina pleurotaenia Regan, 1903 - Merida pencilfish (author) [=Piabucina pleurotaenia Regan [C. T.], 1903:623] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 12 (no. 72) (art. 64); ref. 13401] Merida, Venezuela, elevation 1600 meters. Current status: Valid as Piabucina pleurotaenia (Regan, 1903). Lebiasinidae: Lebiasininae. Distribution: Mérida and Catatumbo River basins: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

****************************************************************************************************************************** SUBFAMILY Pyrrhulininae Bleeker, 1859 - tetras [=Pyrrhulinini, Nannostomi, Nannostomatinae] Notes: Pyrrhulinini Bleeker, 1859d:XXX [ref. 371] (cohors) Pyrrhulina Nannostomi Gill, 1896e:205 [ref. 1739] (no family-group name) Nannostomatinae Eigenmann, 1909a:35 [ref. 1222] (subfamily) Nannostomus [stem changed to Nannostom- by Regan 1911e:21 [ref. 3642], confirmed by Fowler 1913:523 [ref. 1389], by Weitzman 1966:1 [ref. 12368] and by Géry 1972b:50 [ref. 1594]; subfamily name sometimes seen as Narmostomatinae]

GENUS Copeina Fowler, 1906 - tetras [=Copeina Fowler [H. W.], 1906:294] Notes: [ref. 1373]. Fem. Pyrrhulina argyrops Cope, 1878. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Copeina Fowler, 1906 -- (Géry 1977:142 [ref. 1597], Géry et al. 1987:369 [ref. 6001], Géry & Zarske 2002:36 [ref. 26555], Weitzman & Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:241 [ref. 27061], Netto-Ferreira et al. 2011:767 [ref. 31718]). Current status: Valid as Copeina Fowler, 1906. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae.

Species Copeina argyrops (Cope, 1878) - Pebas tetra (author) [=Pyrrhulina argyrops Cope [E. D.], 1878:694] Notes: [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Pebas, Peru. Current status: Valid as Copeina argyrops Fowler, 1906. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Copeina guttata (Steindachner, 1876) - redspotted tetra [=Pyrrhulina guttata Steindachner [F.], 1876:15 [10], Pl. 2 (figs. 6-6a)] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 72 (1. Abth.); ref. 14212] Amazon River at Obidos, Cudajas, and Tabatinga; Rio Negro, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Copeina guttata (Steindachner, 1876). Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Middle Amazon River basin: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Copeina osgoodi Eigenmann, 1922 - Osgood's tetra (author) [=Copeina osgoodi Eigenmann [C. H.], 1922:232] Notes: [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 1243] Mouth of Río Yavary at Nazareth, Amazon system, Peru. Current status: Valid as Copeina osgoodi Eigenmann, 1922. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Copella Myers, 1956 - splashing tetras, jumping characins [=Copella Myers [G. S.], 1956:12] Notes: [ref. 3127]. Fem. Copeina compta Myers, 1927. Type by original designation. •Valid as Copella Myers, 1956 -- (Géry 1977:143 [ref. 1597], Géry et al. 1987:369 [ref. 6001], Taphorn 1992:465 [ref. 23654], Géry & Zarske 2002:43 [ref. 26555], Weitzman & Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:241 [ref. 27061], Zarske 2011:24 [ref. 30374], Oliveira et al. 2011:12 [ref. 31685], Netto-Ferreira et al. 2011:767 [ref. 31718]). Current status: Valid as Copella Myers, 1956. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae.

Species Copella arnoldi (Regan, 1912) - jumping characin, splash tetra [=Copeina arnoldi Regan [C. T.], 1912:393, Copeina eigenmanni Regan [C. T.], 1912:393, Copeina metae Eigenmann [C. H.], 1914:229] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 10 (no. 58); ref. 14866] Amazon River. Current status: Valid as Copella arnoldi (Regan, 1912). Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Lower Amazon River and coastal Guianas to mouth of Orinoco River: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago (introduced). Habitat: freshwater. (eigenmanni) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 10 (no. 58); ref. 14866] Bogota, Colombia [probably from Rio Meta]. Current status: Synonym of Copella arnoldi (Regan, 1912). Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Colombia (if valid). Habitat: freshwater. (metae) [Indiana University Studies No. 23; ref. 11065] Barrigona, Río Meta, Colombia. Current status: Synonym of Copella eigenmanni (Regan, 1912). Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Copella callolepis (Regan, 1912) - Amazon splashing tetra (author) [=Copeina callolepis Regan [C. T.], 1912:393] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 10 (no. 58); ref. 14866] Amazon River. Current status: Valid as Copella callolepis (Regan, 1912). Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Probably Amazon River, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Copella carsevcennensis (Regan, 1912) - Carsevenne tetra (author) [=Copeina carsevennensis Regan [C. T.], 1912:394] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 10 (no. 58); ref. 14866] Carsevenne, French Guiana. Current status: Valid as Copella carsevennensis (Regan, 1912). Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Coastal rivers of the Guianas and Amapá State: Brazil, French Guiana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Copella compta (Myers, 1927) - compta splashing tetra (author) [=Copeina compta Myers [G. S.], 1927:110] Notes: [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Creek above São Gabriel Rapids, Rio Negro, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Copella compta (Myers, 1927). Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Upper Negro and upper Orinoco River basins: Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. Species Copella meinkeni Zarske & Gery, 2006 - Meinken's splashing tetra (author) [=Copella meinkeni Zarske [A.] & Géry [J.], 2006:27, Figs. 12-15, 18; Pl. 1] Notes: [Zoologische Abhandlungen, Staatliche Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Tierkunde. v. 56; ref. 29030] Rio Negro, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Copella meinkeni Zarske & Géry, 2006. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Copella nattereri (Steindachner, 1876) - beautiful scaled characin, spotted tetra [=Pyrrhulina nattereri Steindachner [F.], 1876:13 [8], Pl. 2 (figs. 5-5a)] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 72 (1. Abth.); ref. 14212] Mouth of Río Negro; Amazon River at Obidos, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Copella nattereri (Steindachner, 1876). Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Lower Amazon, Negro and upper Orinoco River basins: Brazil, Colombia, Guyana and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Copella nigrofasciata (Meinken, 1952) - Ucayali splashing tetra (author) [=Pyrrhulina nigrofasciata Meinken [H.], 1952:115, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Aquarien und Terrarien-Zeitschrift v. 5 (no. 5); ref. 12790] Amazon River, Peru. Current status: Valid as Copella nigrofasciata (Meinken, 1952). Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin, form Manaus and into the Ucayali River: Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Copella vilmae Géry, 1963 - rainbow copella [=Copella vilmae Géry [J.], 1963:25, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 44 (no. 1); ref. 4854] Igarapé Préto, along upper Amazon, near Belem, about 60 kilometers below Leticia, Peru-Colombia border. Current status: Valid as Copella vilmae Géry, 1963. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin: Brazil, Colombia (?) and Peru (?). Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Nannostomus Günther, 1872 - pencilfishes [=Nannostomus Günther [A.], 1872:146, Archicheir Eigenmann [C. H.], 1909:46, Nannobrycon Hoedeman [J. J.], 1950:15, 22, Poecilobrycon Eigenmann [C. H.], 1909:43] Notes: [ref. 2000]. Masc. Nannostomus beckfordi Günther, 1872. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Nannostomus Günther, 1872 -- (Weitzman 1966:9 [ref. 12368], Weitzman & Cobb 1975 [ref. 7134], Géry 1977:130 [ref. 1597], Weitzman 1978 [ref. 7040], Fernandez & Weitzman 1987 [ref. 5981], Géry & Zarske 2002:36 [ref. 26555], Weitzman & Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:243 [ref. 27061], Zarske 2009:11 [ref. 30197], Zarske 2011:283 [ref. 31670], Netto-Ferreira et al. 2011:767 [ref. 31718], Zarske 2013:125 [ref. 32773]). Current status: Valid as Nannostomus Günther, 1872. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. (Archicheir) [ref. 1222]. Fem. Archicheir minutus Eigenmann, 1909. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Poecilobrycon Eigenmann, 1909 -- (Weitzman 1966:37 [ref. 12368]). •Synonym of Nannostomus Günther, 1872 -- (Weitzman & Cobb 1975:3 [ref. 7134], Weitzman & Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:243 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Nannostomus Günther, 1872. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. (Nannobrycon) [ref. 2175]. Masc. Nannostomus eques Steindachner, 1876. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Poecilobrycon Eigenmann, 1909, but a valid subgenus Nannobrycon -- (Weitzman 1966:37 [ref. 12368]). •Valid as Nannobrycon Hoedeman, 1950 -- (Géry 1977:134 [ref. 1597]). •Synonym of Nannostomus Günther, 1872 -- (Weitzman & Cobb 1975:3 [ref. 7134], Weitzman & Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:243 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Nannostomus Günther, 1872. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. (Poecilobrycon) [ref. 1222]. Masc. Poecilobrycon harrisoni Eigenmann, 1909. Type by original designation. •Valid as Poecilobrycon Eienmann, 1909 -- (Weitzman 1966:32 [ref. 12368]). •Synonym of Nannostomus Günther, 1872 -- (Weitzman & Cobb 1975:3 [ref. 7134], Weitzman & Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:243 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Nannostomus Günther, 1872, but a valid subgenus Poecilobrycon -- (Géry 1977:131 [ref. 1597]). Current status: Synonym of Nannostomus Günther, 1872. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Species Nannostomus anduzei Fernandez & Weitzman, 1987 - Anduzi's nannostomus [=Nannostomus anduzei Fernandez [J. M.] & Weitzman [S. H.], 1987:165, Figs. 1-7] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 100 (no. 1); ref. 5981] Laguna Provincial, about 20 kilometers north of Puerto Ayacucho, about 5°50'N, 67°30'W, Depto. de Ature, Amazonas, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Nannostomus anduzei Fernandez & Weitzman, 1987. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Upper Orinoco and Ereré River, a tributary Of the Negro River: Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nannostomus beckfordi Günther, 1872 - anomalous pencilfish [=Nannostomus beckfordi Günther [A.], 1872:146, Nannostomus anomalus Steindachner [F.], 1876:129 [81], Nannostomus aripirangensis Meinken [H.], 1931:553, Fig., Nannostomus simplex Eigenmann [C. H.], 1909:42, Nannostomus beckfordi surinami Hoedeman [J. J.], 1954:84] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872 (pt 1); ref. 2000] Coast of Demerara, Guyana. Current status: Valid as Nannostomus beckfordi Günther, 1872. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Rivers of Guiana south to Amazon River basin and up Amazon River to Negro River: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater. (anomalus) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4225] Rio Negro mouth; Amazon River at Obidos, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Nannostomus beckfordi Günther, 1872. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Habitat: freshwater. (aripirangensis) [Wochenschrift für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde v. 28 (no. 34); ref. 16307] Aripiranga Island, northeast of Belé, do Pará, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Nannostomus beckfordi Günther, 1872. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Habitat: freshwater. (simplex) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1222] Lama Stop-off, Guyana. Current status: Synonym of Nannostomus beckfordi Günther, 1872. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Habitat: freshwater. (surinami) [Beaufortia v. 4 (no. 39); ref. 12647] Berg en Dal at Suriname River, Suriname. Current status: Synonym of Nannostomus beckfordi Günther, 1872. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Habitat: freshwater. Species Nannostomus bifasciatus Hoedeman, 1954 - double striped pencilfish [=Nannostomus bifasciatus Hoedeman [J. J.], 1954:85, Fig.] Notes: [Beaufortia v. 4 (no. 39); ref. 12647] Berg en Dal at Suriname River, Suriname. Current status: Valid as Nannostomus bifasciatus Hoedeman, 1954. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Coastal rivers of Suriname and French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nannostomus britskii Weitzman, 1978 - spotstripe pencilfish [=Nannostomus britskii Weitzman [S. H.], 1978:5, Figs. 3-4] Notes: [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 263; ref. 7040] Igarapé of Lago José-Açu, Parantins, Amazon River, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Nannostomus britskii Weitzman, 1978. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nannostomus digrammus (Fowler, 1913) - two striped nannostomus [=Poecilobrycon digrammus Fowler [H. W.], 1913:525, Fig. 5] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 65; ref. 1389] Rio Madeira about 200 miles east of 62°20'W, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Nannostomus digrammus (Fowler, 1913). Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Madeira River, lower and middle Amazon River and Guyana: Brazil and Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nannostomus eques Steindachner, 1876 - brown pencilfish [=Nannostomus eques Steindachner [F.], 1876:126 [78], Pl. 9 (fig. 3), Poecilobrycon auratus Eigenmann [C. H.], 1909:43] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4225] Peruvian Amazon; Tabatinga, Amazon, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Nannostomus eques Steindachner, 1876. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Central and upper Amazon River basin: Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (auratus) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1222] Konawaruk, Guyana. Current status: Synonym of Nannostomus eques Steindachner, 1876. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nannostomus erythrurus (Eigenmann, 1909) - Rockstone pencilfish (author) [=Poecilobrycon erythrurus Eigenmann [C. H.], 1909:44] Notes: [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1222] Rockstone sand-bank, Guyana. Current status: Valid as Nannostomus erythrurus (Eigenmann, 1909). Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Guyana, Brazil and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nannostomus espei (Meinken, 1956) - barred pencilfish [=Poecilobrycon espei Meinken [H.], 1956:31, Fig.] Notes: [Aquarien und Terrarien-Zeitschrift v. 9 (no. 2); ref. 12211] South America. Current status: Valid as Nannostomus espei (Meinken, 1956). Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Mazaruni River basin in Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nannostomus grandis Zarske, 2011 - Para pencilfish (author) [=Nannostomus grandis Zarske [A.], 2011:285, Figs. 1-3, 10-14] Notes: [Vertebrate Zoology v. 61 (no. 3); ref. 31670] (Import) Para, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Nannostomus grandis Zarske, 2011. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nannostomus harrisoni (Eigenmann, 1909) - blackstripe pencilfish [=Poecilobrycon harrisoni Eigenmann [C. H.], 1909:43, Archicheir minutus Eigenmann [C. H.], 1909:46] Notes: [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1222] Canal at Christianburg, Guyana. Current status: Valid as Nannostomus harrisoni (Eigenmann, 1909). Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Demerara River basin, Guyana. Habitat: freshwater. (minutus) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1222] Canal at Christianburg, Guyana. Current status: Synonym of Nannostomus harrisoni (Eigenmann, 1909). Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nannostomus limatus Weitzman, 1978 - elegant pencilfish [=Nannostomus limatus Weitzman [S. H.], 1978:9, Figs. 6-8] Notes: [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 263; ref. 7040] Tributary to Lago Mapará, near Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Nannostomus limatus Weitzman, 1978. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Amazon River basin near Santarém, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nannostomus marginatus Eigenmann, 1909 - dwarf pencilfish [=Nannostomus marginatus Eigenmann [C. H.], 1909:41, Nannostomus marginatus picturatus Hoedeman [J. J.], 1954:87] Notes: [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1222] Maduni Creek, Guyana. Current status: Valid as Nannostomus marginatus Eigenmann, 1909. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Lower to middle Amazon River, Colombia east of the Andes, Guyana, Peru east of the Andes, Suriname and Venezula east of the Andes: Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater. (picturatus) [Beaufortia v. 4 (no. 39); ref. 12647] Ditch near Zanderij II, Suriname. Current status: Synonym of Nannostomus marginatus Eigenmann, 1909. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nannostomus marilynae Weitzman & Cobb, 1975 - greenstripe pencilfish [=Nannostomus marilynae Weitzman [S. H.] & Cobb [J. S.], 1975:29, Figs. 28-30] Notes: [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 186; ref. 7134] Rio Negro, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Nannostomus marilynae Weitzman & Cobb, 1975. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Negro and Vichada River basins: Brazil and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nannostomus minimus Eigenmann, 1909 - least pencilfish [=Nannostomus minimus Eigenmann [C. H.], 1909:42] Notes: [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1222] Erukin, Guyana. Current status: Valid as Nannostomus minimus Eigenmann, 1909. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Potaro and Mazaruni River basins, Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nannostomus mortenthaleri Paepke & Arendt, 2001 - coral-red pencilfish [=Nannostomus marginatus mortenthaleri Paepke [H.-J.] & Arendt [K.], 2001:144, Figs. 1-6, 10-13, 15] Notes: [Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für Ichthyologie 2001; ref. 26010] Small tributary of Rio Nanay at the village of Alvarenga, Loreto, Province of Maynas (=Iquitos), 3°31'10"S, 74°25'40"W, Peru. Current status: Valid as Nannostomus mortenthaleri Paepke & Arendt, 2001. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Nanay River near Albarenga and apparently Tigre River near Santa Elena in Loreto Department, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nannostomus nigrotaeniatus Zarske, 2013 - Ventuari pencilfish (author) [=Nannostomus nigrotaeniatus Zarske [A.], 2013:127, Figs. 1, 10-13] Notes: [Vertebrate Zoology v. 63 (no. 2); ref. 32773] Río Ventuari, Venezuela (Imported). Current status: Valid as Nannostomus nigrotaeniatus Zarske, 2013. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Río Ventuari, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nannostomus nitidus Weitzman, 1978 - shining pencilfish [=Nannostomus nitidus Weitzman [S. H.], 1978:3, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 263; ref. 7040] Igarapé Candiru-Mirim, Rio Capim, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Nannostomus nitidus Weitzman, 1978. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Capim River basin in Pará State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nannostomus rubrocaudatus Zarske, 2009 - Zarske's pencilfish (author) [=Nannostomus rubrocaudatus Zarske [A.], 2009:12, Figs. 1-6, 12a-b] Notes: [Vertebrate Zoology v. 59 (no. 1); ref. 30197] Peru [imported]. Current status: Valid as Nannostomus rubrocaudatus Zarske, 2009. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nannostomus trifasciatus Steindachner, 1876 - threebanded pencilfish [=Nannostomus trifasciatus Steindachner [F.], 1876:123 [75], Pl. 9 (fig. 2), Poecilobrycon vittatus Ahl [E.], 1934:124] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4225] Amazon River near mouth of Rio Negro and Tabatinga, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Nannostomus trifasciatus Steindachner, 1876. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Peruvian, Bolivian and Brazil Amazon River basins, Negro River basin and Guyana: Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana and Peru [but Brazil and Peru on ref. 32773]. Habitat: freshwater. (vittatus) [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 106 (no. 5/6); ref. 17303] Pará, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Nannostomus trifasciatus Steindachner, 1876. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Nannostomus unifasciatus Steindachner, 1876 - diptail [=Nannostomus unifasciatus Steindachner [F.], 1876:127 [79], Pl. 9 (fig. 1), Poecilobrycon ocellatus Eigenmann [C. H.], 1909:45] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4225] Near mouth of Rio Negro, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Nannostomus unifasciatus Steindachner, 1876. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Amazon River basin of Bolivia and Brazil and probably Colombia; upper Orinoco basin of Venezuela; and Guyana: Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago (introduced) and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (ocellatus) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1222] Wismar, Guyana. Current status: Synonym of Nannostomus unifasciatus Steindachner, 1876. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Habitat: freshwater

GENUS Pyrrhulina Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846 - pyrrhulinas [=Pyrrhulina Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:535, Holotaxis Cope [E. D.], 1870:563] Notes: [ref. 1011]. Fem. Pyrrhulina filamentosa Valenciennes, 1847. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Pyrrhulina Valenciennes, 1846 -- (Géry 1977:138 [ref. 1597], Malabarba 1989:127 [ref. 14217], Taphorn 1992:472 [ref. 23654], Zarske & Géry 1997:12 [ref. 22797], Britski et al. 1999:83 [ref. 24147], Géry & Zarske 2002:36 [ref. 26555], Weitzman & Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:247 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2004:39 [ref. 28037], Zarske 2011:15 [ref. 30374], Oliveira et al. 2011:12 [ref. 31685], Netto-Ferreira et al. 2011:767 [ref. 31718], Netto-Ferreira & Marinho 2013:369 [ref. 32716]). Current status: Valid as Pyrrhulina Valenciennes, 1846. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. (Holotaxis) [ref. 914]. Fem. Holotaxis melanostomus Cope, 1870. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Pyrrhulina Valenciennes, 1846 -- (Taphorn 1992:472 [ref. 23654], Weitzman & Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:247 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Pyrrhulina Valenciennes, 1846. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae.

Species Pyrrhulina australis Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 - La Plata pyrrhulina (author) [=Pyrrhulina australe Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.], 1903:508, Pyrrhulina macrolepis Ahl [E.] & Schindler [O.], 1937:140] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Arroyo Trementina, Paraguay. Current status: Valid as Pyrrhulina australis Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: La Plata and Paraguay River basins north into the Guaporé River basin: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (macrolepis) [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 74 (no. 16); ref. 17130] San Jose, Río Pilcomayo, Formosa, Argentina. Current status: Synonym of Pyrrhulina australis Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Pilcomaya River and perhaps into the Paraguay River basin, Argentina [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pyrrhulina beni Pearson, 1924 - Beni pyrrhulina (author) [=Pyrrhulina beni Pearson [N. E.], 1924:32] Notes: [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Lower Río Beni, Amazon system, Bolivia. Current status: Valid as Pyrrhulina beni Pearson, 1924. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Southwestern Amazon River basin: Bolivia, Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pyrrhulina brevis Steindachner, 1876 - Cudajas pyrrhulina (author) [=Pyrrhulina brevis Steindachner [F.], 1876:11 [6], Pl. 1 (figs. 3-4)] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 72 (1. Abth.); ref. 14212] Mouth of Rio Negro; Cudajas, Tabatinga, and Rio Negro at Manaos [Manaus], Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pyrrhulina brevis Steindachner, 1876. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pyrrhulina eleanorae Fowler, 1940 - Contamana pyrrhulina (author) [=Pyrrhulina eleanorae Fowler [H. W.], 1940:262, Fig. 59] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91 (for 1939); ref. 1432] Contamana, Río Ucayali basin, Peru. Current status: Valid as Pyrrhulina eleanorae Fowler, 1940. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pyrrhulina elongata Zarske & Géry, 2001 - Tapajos pyrrhulina (author) [=Pyrrhulina elongata Zarske [A.] & Géry [J.], 2001:16, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zoologische Abhandlungen; Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden v. 51 (no. 2); ref. 25157] Brook and small pond about 25 kilometers southwest of Itaituba on road Itaituba-Vila Nova, entrance to rio Tapajós, Para, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pyrrhulina elongata Zarske & Géry, 2001. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Tapajós River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pyrrhulina filamentosa Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847 - Suriname pyrrhulina (author) [=Pyrrhulina filamentosa Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847:535, Pl. 589 [not 555]] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Suriname. Current status: Valid as Pyrrhulina filamentosa Valenciennes, 1847. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Atlantic coastal rivers between mouth of Amazon and Orinoco rivers: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pyrrhulina laeta (Cope, 1872) - halfbanded pyrrhulina [=Holotaxis laetus Cope [E. D.], 1872:257] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Current status: Valid as Pyrrhulina laeta (Cope, 1872). Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Presumed to be upper and middle Amazon River basin: Brazil (?), Peru, and Trinidad and Tobago (introduced). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pyrrhulina lugubris Eigenmann, 1922 - Barrigon pyrrhulina (author) [=Pyrrhulina lugubris Eigenmann [C. H.], 1922:231, Pl. 21 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 1243] Barrigón, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Pyrrhulina lugubris Eigenmann, 1922. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Meta River basin and Venezuelan llanos: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pyrrhulina marilynae Netto-Ferreira & Marinho, 2013 - Mato Grosso pyrrhulina (author) [=Pyrrhulina marilynae Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] & Marinho [M. M. F.], 2013:370, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zootaxa 3664 (no. 3); ref. 32716] Stream crossing MT-338 road, 62 km north of Tapurah, 12°15'29"S, 56°38'59"W, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pyrrhulina marilynae Netto-Ferreira & Marinho, 2013. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Rio Tapajós and rio Xingu, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pyrrhulina maxima Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 - Tabatinga pyrrhulina (author) [=Pyrrhulina maxima Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:111, Pl. 1 (fig. 4)] Notes: [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 2; ref. 12497] Rio Solimões at Tabatinga, Amazon system, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pyrrhulina maxima Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pyrrhulina melanostomus (Cope, 1870) - blackmouth pyrrhulina [=Holotaxis melanostomus Cope [E. D.], 1870:563] Notes: [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 11; ref. 914] Pebas, Peru. Current status: Valid as Pyrrhulina melanostomus (Cope, 1870). Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pyrrhulina obermulleri Myers, 1926 - Myers' pyrrhulina (author) [=Pyrrhulina obermulleri Myers [G. S.], 1926:150] Notes: [Copeia No. 156; ref. 12337] Amazon basin. Current status: Valid as Pyrrhulina obermulleri Myers, 1926. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin: Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. Species Pyrrhulina rachoviana Myers, 1926 - rachoviana pyrrhulina (author) [=Pyrrhulina rachoviana Myers [G. S.], 1926:441] Notes: [Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde v. 37 (no. 18); ref. 15598] Aquarium specimens bred from stock collected in the lower Amazon River [Unterlauf des Amazonas], Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pyrrhulina rachoviana Myers, 1926. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Lower Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pyrrhulina semifasciata Steindachner, 1876 - Gurupa pyrrhulina (author) [=Pyrrhulina semifasciata Steindachner [F.], 1876:7 [2], Pl. 1 (figs. 1-2a)] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 72 (1. Abth.); ref. 14212] Rio Negro mouth; Cudajas, Gurupa and Tabatinga, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pyrrhulina semifasciata Steindachner, 1876. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pyrrhulina spilota Weitzman, 1960 - spilota pyrrhulina (author) [=Pyrrhulina spilota Weitzman [S. H.], 1960:109, Fig. 1] Notes: [Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 9615] South America [no other data]. Current status: Valid as Pyrrhulina spilota Weitzman, 1960. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pyrrhulina stigmasemion (Fowler, 1913) - Madeira pyrrhulina (author) [=Nannostomus stigmasemion Fowler [H. W.], 1913:523, Fig. 4] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 65; ref. 1389] Tributary of Rio Madeira near Porto Velho, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pyrrhulina stigmasemion (Fowler, 1913). Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Brasil and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pyrrhulina stoli Boeseman, 1953 - Stol's pyrrhulina (author) [=Pyrrhulina stoli Boeseman [M.], 1953:14, Fig. 1d] Notes: [Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) v. 32 (no. 1); ref. 12684] Marowini River basin (?), Suriname. Current status: Valid as Pyrrhulina stoli Boeseman, 1953. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Suriname and Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pyrrhulina vittata Regan, 1912 - banded pyrrhulina [=Pyrrhulina vittata Regan [C. T.], 1912:391] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 10 (no. 58); ref. 14866] Obidos, Amazon system, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pyrrhulina vittata Regan, 1912. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin: Bolivia, Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pyrrhulina zigzag Zarske & Géry, 1997 - zigzag pyrrhulina (author) [=Pyrrhulina zigzag Zarske [A.] & Géry [J.], 1997:12, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Das Aquarium v. 31 (no. 6) (no. 336); ref. 22797] Creek on road from Campo Verde to Nueva Requena, about 8°30'S, 74°35'W, near Pucallpa, Loreto Dept., Peru. Current status: Valid as Pyrrhulina zigzag Zarske & Géry, 1997. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin: Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. ******************************************************************* Unavailable names, uncertain taxa amazona, Cyprinodon Eigenmann [C. H.] 1894:627 [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 7 (art. 5); ref. 1214] Lower Amazonas, Brazil. Syntypes: (18) BMNH 1894.5.18.52 (1), CAS 29351 (5). •Questionably a synonym of Nannostomus trifasciatus Steindachner 1876 or the same as Nannostomus marginatus Eigenmann 1909 -- (Weitzman 1966:27 [ref. 12368]). Current status: Uncertain as Nannostomus trifasciatus Steindachner 1876. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Habitat: freshwater. cumuni, Nannostomous Arnold [J. P.] 1950:72 [Taschenkalender für Aquarien-und Terrarienfreunde v. 34; ref. 22892] British Guyana. No types known. Not available, described in synonymy of Nannostomus harrisoni (Eigenmann 1909). •Questionably a synonym of Poecilobrycon harrisoni Eigenmann 1909 -- (Weitzman 1966:38 [ref. 12368]). •Questionably a synonym of Nannostomus harrisonsi (Eigenmann 1909). Current status: Uncertain as Nannostomus harrisoni (Eigenmann 1909). Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Habitat: freshwater.