DOCSLIB.ORG

A New Miniature Species of Priocharax (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) from the Rio Madeira Drainage, Brazil, with Comments on the Adipose Fin in Characiforms

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A New Miniature Species of Priocharax (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) from the Rio Madeira Drainage, Brazil, with Comments on the Adipose Fin in Characiforms 70 (3): 417 – 433 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2020. 2020 A new miniature species of Priocharax (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) from the Rio Madeira drainage, Brazil, with comments on the adipose fin in characiforms George M. T. Mattox 1, *, Camila S. Souza 2, Mônica Toledo-Piza 3, Ralf Britz 4 & Claudio Oliveira 2 1 Laboratório de Ictiologia de Sorocaba, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos – campus Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil — 2 Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista – campus Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil — 3 Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil — 4 Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, 01109 Dresden, Germany — * Corresponding author; email: [email protected] Submitted June 5, 2020. Accepted July 24, 2020. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/vertebrate-zoology on August 11, 2020. Published in print on Q3/2020. Editor in charge: Uwe Fritz Abstract A new miniature species of the freshwater fsh genus Priocharax is described from the Rio Jamari, Rio Madeira drainage, Amazon basin. Priocharax varii sp. n. is the fourth species currently recognized in the genus and shares with the other three the presence of a conspicuous larval pectoral fn in adults, a fully toothed maxilla, a triangular pseudotympanum situated anterior to the ffth vertebra and a tiny size com- bined with a translucent body. The new species is diagnosed from congeners in having an adipose fn, a unique feature within Priocharax. Molecular identifcation of the new species and the other valid Priocharax species supports the morphological fndings. A brief discussion on the presence/absence of the adipose fn in Characiformes is provided. Key words Amazon River basin, barcoding, biodiversity, osteology, taxonomy. Introduction Priocharax is a genus originally described by WEITZMAN 30 – 50 conical teeth in somewhat irregular row, upper & VARI (1987) to include two miniature species (sensu jaw (premaxilla and maxilla) with approximately 45 – 90 WEITZMAN & VARI, 1988): Priocharax ariel Weitzman & conical teeth in somewhat irregular row, and adult body Vari and Priocharax pygmaeus Weitzman & Vari. These size of 11 – 17 mm SL, a feature otherwise unknown in species were collected from the upper Río Orinoco in the Characinae and Cynopotaminae (= Characinae) at Venezuela and in the region of Leticia, Río Amazonas that time. Another feature that according to WEITZMAN & Colombia, respectively. The authors proposed the pres- VARI (1987) distinguishes Priocharax from the remain- ence in adults of Priocharax of a peculiar, larval-like, ing characines is the number of i,5 pelvic-fn rays, with rayless pectoral fn as the main character to diagnose the all the remaining members of the subfamily having i,7 genus. They also listed a set of other diagnostic features pelvic-fn rays. to distinguish Priocharax from most New World charac- Based on the presence of numerous conical teeth in ids except those included in the Characinae and Cyno- the upper and lower jaws and on the elongate maxilla, potaminae (= Characinae): dentary with approximately WEITZMAN & VARI (1987) hypothesized that the relation- ISSN 1864-5755 | eISSN 2625-8498 | DOI: 10.26049/VZ70-3-2020-11 417 Mattox, G. M. T. et al.: A new miniature species of Priocharax from the Rio Madeira drainage, Brazil ships of Priocharax would be among the Characinae, from fve specimens cleared and double stained for car- pending further studies. Twenty-fve years later, MATTOX tilage and bone following the protocol of TAYLOR & VAN & TOLEDO-PIZA (2012) carried out a phylogenetic study DYKE (1985). Total vertebral number includes the four ver- of this subfamily and found out that the Characinae as tebrae of the Weberian apparatus as separated elements. previously proposed were not monophyletic. Rather, The compound ural centrum was counted as a single ver- they restricted the Characinae to a small group of seven tebra. The gill-raker at the junction of the ceratobranchial genera (Acanthocharax Eigenmann, Acestrocephalus Ei- and epibranchial is considered as the posteriormost gill- genmann, Charax Scopoli, Cynopotamus Valenciennes, raker on the lower branch of the gill arch. Photographs Galeocharax Fowler, Phenacogaster Eigenmann and were made with a Zeiss Discovery V20 stereomicroscope Roeboides Günther) and transferred the other genera of with a Zeiss Axiocam digital camera attached. Osteologi- more diminutive fshes to the Heterocharacinae (Gna­ cal terminology follows WEITZMAN (1962) except for inner thocharax Fowler, Heterocharax Eigenmann, Hoplocha­ arm of the os suspensorium instead of os suspensorium, rax Géry, Lonchogenys Myers and Priocharax), together and outer arm of the os suspensorium instead of rib of with Gilbertolus Eigenmann and Roestes Günther. Simi- fourth vertebra, following CONWAY & BRITZ (2007), and lar results were obtained by other morphological (i.e. MI- other updates summarized in MATTOX et al. (2014). In RANDE, 2010) and molecular approaches (i.e., OLIVEIRA et the description, the frequency of each count is provided al., 2011). A recent dataset (MIRANDE, 2018) combining in parentheses after the respective count, with the count both sources of information also partially corroborated of the holotype indicated by an asterisk. Information on the results, albeit not including exactly the same taxa, but meristic and morphometric data of Priocharax ariel and none of those studies except that of MATTOX & TOLEDO- P. pygmaeus were taken from WEITZMAN & VARI (1987). PIZA (2012) included Priocharax in their analyses. In the Specimens examined for this study are deposited in the same year, BETANCUR-R et al. (2018) included Priocha­ Coleção de Peixes da Universidade Federal de Ron- rax ariel in a molecular analysis of characiforms based dônia (UFRO-ICT), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da on exons and recovered the genus among genera of the Amazônia (INPA), Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Characinae, but did not discuss this result any further. Peixes, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Since WEITZMAN & VARI’s (1987) publication, a third Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu (LBP), Museu species of Priocharax was discovered in the Rio Negro: de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP), P. nanus Toledo-Piza et al. (2014). Priocharax nanus was and National Museum of Natural History – Smithsonian diagnosed from P. ariel and P. pygmaeus by the unique (USNM). Sampling for this study was authorized by In- presence of i,6 pelvic-fn rays, presence of the claustrum stituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade and two post-cleithra. Although still a miniature, P. nanus (ICMBio) through permit number SISBIO/MMA 45429. was interpreted as the least ontogenetically truncated species in the genus. Additional specimens of Priocharax were reported in the literature from new localities (e.g., Molecular analysis QUEIROZ et al., 2013; VIEIRA et al., 2016) or collected dur- ing recent expeditions. Upon closer study, samples from Voucher specimens for the molecular study are deposited the Rio Jamari, Rio Madeira drainage, Amazon basin, in the collection of Laboratório de Biologia e Genética Brazil were found to represent a new species, which is de Peixes (LBP), Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e described in this paper. Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estad- ual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. This study is in accordance with the National Council for the Control of Animal Experimentation (CONCEA) approved by UNE- Material & Methods SP Ethics Committee on Use of Animals (CEUA), proto- col number 1058. Twenty specimens of Priocharax were included in the analysis: one specimen of P. nanus and six Morphological analysis specimens of P. ariel from the Rio Negro, nine specimens of P. pygmaeus from the Río Amazonas and four speci- Counts and measurements follow FINK & WEITZMAN mens of the new species from the Rio Madeira, described (1974), Weitzman & Vari (1987) and Menezes & Weitz- herein. A single specimen of Acestrocephalus sardina man (1990) and were taken on the left side of each speci- (Characiformes, Characidae, Characinae) was used to root men whenever possible. All measurements other than the trees. Voucher data are summarized in Table 1. standard length (SL) are expressed as percentages of SL, DNA extraction followed IVANOVA et al. (2006), and except for subunits of the head which are expressed as per- partial sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I centages of head length (HL). Caudal-peduncle depth is (COI) gene were amplifed by polymerase chain reaction also expressed as percentage of caudal-peduncle length. (PCR) with primers FishF1, FishR1 and FishF2, FishR2 Measurements were taken point to point with a precision (WARD et al., 2005) or L6252-Asn, H7271-COXI (MELO of 0.1 mm from digital photographs of specimens taken et al., 2011). PCR amplifcations were performed in a to- under the stereomicroscope. Counts of vertebrae, teeth, tal volume of 12.5 µl that included 1.25 µl of 10X buffer, gill-rakers and procurrent caudal-fn rays were obtained 0.25 μl of MgCl2 (50 mM), 0.2 μl dNTPs (2 mM), 0.5 μl of 418 VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY — 70 (3) 2020 each primer (5 mM), 0.1 μl of PHT Taq DNA polymerase Paratypes. LBP 28495, 5, 12.5 – 12.7 mm SL, collected with holo- (Phoneutria), 1.0 μl of genomic DNA (200 ng) and 8.7 μl type. MZUSP 125787, 44, 11.8 – 14.0 mm SL (5 c&s, 11.8 – 13.7 mm SL), collected with holotype. UFRO-ICT 027656, 5, 12.2 – 13.3 mm ddH2O. The thermocycling profle consisted of an initial SL, collected with holotype. denaturation (5 min at 94°C), followed by 30 cycles of chain denaturation (40s at 94°C), primer hybridization (30s Diagnosis. Priocharax varii is distinguished from all at 50 – 54°C) and nucleotide extension (1 min at 68°C), and congeners by the presence of an adipose fn (vs adipose a fnal extension (8 min at 68°C). All PCR products were fn absent). Priocharax varii can be further diagnosed checked on 1% agarose gels and then purifed with Ex- from P.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • §4-71-6.5 LIST of CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November
    §4-71-6.5 LIST OF CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November 28, 2006 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME INVERTEBRATES PHYLUM Annelida CLASS Oligochaeta ORDER Plesiopora FAMILY Tubificidae Tubifex (all species in genus) worm, tubifex PHYLUM Arthropoda CLASS Crustacea ORDER Anostraca FAMILY Artemiidae Artemia (all species in genus) shrimp, brine ORDER Cladocera FAMILY Daphnidae Daphnia (all species in genus) flea, water ORDER Decapoda FAMILY Atelecyclidae Erimacrus isenbeckii crab, horsehair FAMILY Cancridae Cancer antennarius crab, California rock Cancer anthonyi crab, yellowstone Cancer borealis crab, Jonah Cancer magister crab, dungeness Cancer productus crab, rock (red) FAMILY Geryonidae Geryon affinis crab, golden FAMILY Lithodidae Paralithodes camtschatica crab, Alaskan king FAMILY Majidae Chionocetes bairdi crab, snow Chionocetes opilio crab, snow 1 CONDITIONAL ANIMAL LIST §4-71-6.5 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Chionocetes tanneri crab, snow FAMILY Nephropidae Homarus (all species in genus) lobster, true FAMILY Palaemonidae Macrobrachium lar shrimp, freshwater Macrobrachium rosenbergi prawn, giant long-legged FAMILY Palinuridae Jasus (all species in genus) crayfish, saltwater; lobster Panulirus argus lobster, Atlantic spiny Panulirus longipes femoristriga crayfish, saltwater Panulirus pencillatus lobster, spiny FAMILY Portunidae Callinectes sapidus crab, blue Scylla serrata crab, Samoan; serrate, swimming FAMILY Raninidae Ranina ranina crab, spanner; red frog, Hawaiian CLASS Insecta ORDER Coleoptera FAMILY Tenebrionidae Tenebrio molitor mealworm,
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny Classification Additional Readings Clupeomorpha and Ostariophysi
    Teleostei - AccessScience from McGraw-Hill Education http://www.accessscience.com/content/teleostei/680400 (http://www.accessscience.com/) Article by: Boschung, Herbert Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Gardiner, Brian Linnean Society of London, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London, United Kingdom. Publication year: 2014 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.680400 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.680400) Content Morphology Euteleostei Bibliography Phylogeny Classification Additional Readings Clupeomorpha and Ostariophysi The most recent group of actinopterygians (rayfin fishes), first appearing in the Upper Triassic (Fig. 1). About 26,840 species are contained within the Teleostei, accounting for more than half of all living vertebrates and over 96% of all living fishes. Teleosts comprise 517 families, of which 69 are extinct, leaving 448 extant families; of these, about 43% have no fossil record. See also: Actinopterygii (/content/actinopterygii/009100); Osteichthyes (/content/osteichthyes/478500) Fig. 1 Cladogram showing the relationships of the extant teleosts with the other extant actinopterygians. (J. S. Nelson, Fishes of the World, 4th ed., Wiley, New York, 2006) 1 of 9 10/7/2015 1:07 PM Teleostei - AccessScience from McGraw-Hill Education http://www.accessscience.com/content/teleostei/680400 Morphology Much of the evidence for teleost monophyly (evolving from a common ancestral form) and relationships comes from the caudal skeleton and concomitant acquisition of a homocercal tail (upper and lower lobes of the caudal fin are symmetrical). This type of tail primitively results from an ontogenetic fusion of centra (bodies of vertebrae) and the possession of paired bracing bones located bilaterally along the dorsal region of the caudal skeleton, derived ontogenetically from the neural arches (uroneurals) of the ural (tail) centra.
    [Show full text]
  • Informe Anual De Actividades 2011
    INFORME ANUAL DE ACTIVIDADES 2011 Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) © FOTOGRAFÍA TRAMPA CÁMARA GUIDO AYALA/WCS ÍNDICE AGRADECIMIENTOS 1. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA ORGANIZACIÓN 2. PROGRAMA DE LOS PAISAJES VIVIENTES DE WCS 3. PROGRAMA DE CONSERVACIÓN EN BOLIVIA DE WCS 4. PROGRAMA DE CONSERVACIÓN DEL GRAN PAISAJE MADIDI- TAMBOPATA Incremento de la base de conocimientos ecológicos y socioeconómicos del paisaje focal Realización de estudios sobre riesgos vinculados al cambio climático en el paisaje Medicina veterinaria para la conservación Desarrollo de capacidades comunales para el manejo de recursos naturales Fortalecimiento organizativo e institucional para la gestión territorial integral Cooperación científica con instituciones académicas Difusión de conocimientos y experiencias del programa Publicaciones, documentos y presentaciones de 2011 4. PROGRAMA DE CONSERVACIÓN DEL PAISAJE KAA IYA DEL GRAN CHACO Y LOS BOSQUES SECOS DE SANTA CRUZ Investigación aplicada al manejo de recursos naturales Planificación y gestión territorial Publicaciones, documentos y presentaciones de 2011 5. PERSONAL DEL PROGRAMA DE CONSERVACIÓN DE BOLIVIA A ENERO DE 2011 Personal del Programa Gran Paisaje Madidi-Tambopata Personal del Programa Kaa Iya del Gran Chaco y los Bosques Secos de Santa Cruz 2 Wildlife Conservation Society Programa de los Paisajes Vivientes – Informe Anual 2011 AGRADECIMIENTOS Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) agradece el apoyo financiero de las siguientes instituciones: Beneficia Foundation Blue Moon Fund Bobolink Foundation Conservation International
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of the Placenta Drives a Shift in Sexual Selection in Livebearing Fish
    LETTER doi:10.1038/nature13451 The evolution of the placenta drives a shift in sexual selection in livebearing fish B. J. A. Pollux1,2, R. W. Meredith1,3, M. S. Springer1, T. Garland1 & D. N. Reznick1 The evolution of the placenta from a non-placental ancestor causes a species produce large, ‘costly’ (that is, fully provisioned) eggs5,6, gaining shift of maternal investment from pre- to post-fertilization, creating most reproductive benefits by carefully selecting suitable mates based a venue for parent–offspring conflicts during pregnancy1–4. Theory on phenotype or behaviour2. These females, however, run the risk of mat- predicts that the rise of these conflicts should drive a shift from a ing with genetically inferior (for example, closely related or dishonestly reliance on pre-copulatory female mate choice to polyandry in conjunc- signalling) males, because genetically incompatible males are generally tion with post-zygotic mechanisms of sexual selection2. This hypoth- not discernable at the phenotypic level10. Placental females may reduce esis has not yet been empirically tested. Here we apply comparative these risks by producing tiny, inexpensive eggs and creating large mixed- methods to test a key prediction of this hypothesis, which is that the paternity litters by mating with multiple males. They may then rely on evolution of placentation is associated with reduced pre-copulatory the expression of the paternal genomes to induce differential patterns of female mate choice. We exploit a unique quality of the livebearing fish post-zygotic maternal investment among the embryos and, in extreme family Poeciliidae: placentas have repeatedly evolved or been lost, cases, divert resources from genetically defective (incompatible) to viable creating diversity among closely related lineages in the presence or embryos1–4,6,11.
    [Show full text]
  • FAMILY Gasteropelecidae Bleeker, 1859 - Freshwater Hatchetfishes [=Gasteropelecini, Carnegiellidi, Thoracocharacini] Notes: Gasteropelecini Bleeker, 1859:XXXII [Ref
    FAMILY Gasteropelecidae Bleeker, 1859 - freshwater hatchetfishes [=Gasteropelecini, Carnegiellidi, Thoracocharacini] Notes: Gasteropelecini Bleeker, 1859:XXXII [ref. 371[ (stirps) Gasteropelecus [family name sometimes seen as Gastropelecidae] Carnegiellidi Fowler, 1958b:9 [ref. 1470] (tribe) Carnegiella Thoracocharacini Weitzman, 1960:220 [ref. 9611] (tribe) Thoracocharax GENUS Carnegiella Eigenmann, 1909 - freshwater hatchefishes [=Carnegiella Eigenmann [C. H.], 1909:13] Notes: [ref. 1222]. Fem. Gasteropelecus strigatus Günther, 1864. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Carnegiella Eigenmann, 1909 – (Weitzman 1960:225 [ref. 9611], Géry 1977:247 [ref. 1597], Vari 1983:5 [ref. 5419], Weitzman & Palmer in Reis et al. 2003:101 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2009:6 [ref. 30267] in Gasteropelecidae, Mirande 2010:466 [ref. 31006] in Gasteropeledidae, Oliveira et al. 2011:13 [ref. 31685] in Gasteropelecidae). Current status: Valid as Carnegiella Eigenmann, 1909. Gasteropelecidae. Species Carnegiella marthae Myers, 1927 - blackwing hatchetfish [=Carnegiella marthae Myers [G. S.], 1927:119-120] Notes: [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Caño de Quiribana, near Caicara, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Carnegiella marthae Myers, 1927. Gasteropelecidae. Distribution: Negro and upper Orinoco River basins: Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. Species Carnegiella myersi Fernández-Yépez, 1950 - dwarf hatchetfish [=Carnegiella myersi Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1950:175, Figs. 3, 3a-d] Notes: [Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 12321] Creek near Yurimaguas, Peru. Current status: Valid as Carnegiella myersi Fernández-Yépez, 1950. Gasteropelecidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater. Species Carnegiella schereri Fernández-Yépez, 1950 - dwarf hatchetfish [=Carnegiella schereri Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1950:178, Figs. 5, 5a-d] Notes: [Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin v. 3 (no. 4); ref.
    [Show full text]
  • A Revision of the South American Fishes of the Genus Nannostomus Giinther (Family Lebiasinidae)
    A Revision of the South American Fishes of the Genus Nannostomus Giinther (Family Lebiasinidae) STANLEY H. WEITZMAN and J. STANLEY COBB SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 186 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Insti- tution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com- mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of professional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields. These pub- lications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, laboratories, and other interested institutions and specialists throughout the world. Individual copies may be obtained from the Smithsonian Institution Press as long as stocks are available.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships Within the Speciose Family Characidae
    Oliveira et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011, 11:275 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/11/275 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling Claudio Oliveira1*, Gleisy S Avelino1, Kelly T Abe1, Tatiane C Mariguela1, Ricardo C Benine1, Guillermo Ortí2, Richard P Vari3 and Ricardo M Corrêa e Castro4 Abstract Background: With nearly 1,100 species, the fish family Characidae represents more than half of the species of Characiformes, and is a key component of Neotropical freshwater ecosystems. The composition, phylogeny, and classification of Characidae is currently uncertain, despite significant efforts based on analysis of morphological and molecular data. No consensus about the monophyly of this group or its position within the order Characiformes has been reached, challenged by the fact that many key studies to date have non-overlapping taxonomic representation and focus only on subsets of this diversity. Results: In the present study we propose a new definition of the family Characidae and a hypothesis of relationships for the Characiformes based on phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences of two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes (4,680 base pairs). The sequences were obtained from 211 samples representing 166 genera distributed among all 18 recognized families in the order Characiformes, all 14 recognized subfamilies in the Characidae, plus 56 of the genera so far considered incertae sedis in the Characidae. The phylogeny obtained is robust, with most lineages significantly supported by posterior probabilities in Bayesian analysis, and high bootstrap values from maximum likelihood and parsimony analyses.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Cytogenetics of Carnegiella Marthae and Carnegiella Strigata (Characiformes, Gasteropelecidae) and Description of a ZZ/ZW Sex Chromosome System
    Genetics and Molecular Biology, 31, 1 (suppl), 231-234 (2008) Copyright © 2008, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética. Printed in Brazil www.sbg.org.br Short Communication Comparative cytogenetics of Carnegiella marthae and Carnegiella strigata (Characiformes, Gasteropelecidae) and description of a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system Maria Leandra Terencio1, Carlos Henrique Schneider1, Maria Claudia Gross1, Adailton Moreira da Silva2, Eliana Feldberg1 and Jorge Ivan Rebelo Porto1 1Coordenação de Pesquisa em Biologia Aquática, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil. 2Centro de Estudos Superiores de Parintins, Universidade Estadual do Amazonas, Parintins, AM, Brazil. Abstract Comparative cytogenetic analyses of hatchetfishes Carnegiella marthae and Carnegiella strigata (Gasteropelecidae) from the Rio Negro basin were performed using conventional Giemsa staining, silver (Ag) -stain- ing and C-banding. The diploid chromosome numbers of both species equaled 2n = 50 but their karyotypes were dis- tinct. We found evidence for sex chromosomes in C. marthae since karyotype of males presented 20M+12SM+4 ST + 14 A and ZZ ST chromosomes while the females presented 20M+12SM+4ST+14AandZWSTchromo- somes of distinct size. Conversely, C. strigata presented 4M+4SM+2ST+40Achromosomes without sex chro- mosome heteromorphism. Karyotypes of both species had two NOR-bearing SM chromosomes of distinct size indicating the presence of multiple NOR phenotypes. The sex chromosome pair had specific C-banding pattern al- lowing identification of both Z and W. This heteromorphic system has previously been described for the gaste- ropelecids. Key words: fish cytogenetics, karyotype differentiation, NOR phenotypes, heteromorphic sex chromosome system, cytotaxonomy. Received: August 22, 2006; Accepted: April 18, 2007. The family Gasteropelecidae (Characiformes) is a strigata) has been the subject of cytogenetic studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) – 2009-2012 Version Available for Download From
    Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) – 2009-2012 version Available for download from http://www.ramsar.org/ris/key_ris_index.htm. Categories approved by Recommendation 4.7 (1990), as amended by Resolution VIII.13 of the 8th Conference of the Contracting Parties (2002) and Resolutions IX.1 Annex B, IX.6, IX.21 and IX. 22 of the 9th Conference of the Contracting Parties (2005). Notes for compilers: 1. The RIS should be completed in accordance with the attached Explanatory Notes and Guidelines for completing the Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands. Compilers are strongly advised to read this guidance before filling in the RIS. 2. Further information and guidance in support of Ramsar site designations are provided in the Strategic Framework and guidelines for the future development of the List of Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Wise Use Handbook 14, 3rd edition). A 4th edition of the Handbook is in preparation and will be available in 2009. 3. Once completed, the RIS (and accompanying map(s)) should be submitted to the Ramsar Secretariat. Compilers should provide an electronic (MS Word) copy of the RIS and, where possible, digital copies of all maps. 1. Name and address of the compiler of this form: FOR OFFICE USE ONLY. DD MM YY Beatriz de Aquino Ribeiro - Bióloga - Analista Ambiental / [email protected], (95) Designation date Site Reference Number 99136-0940. Antonio Lisboa - Geógrafo - MSc. Biogeografia - Analista Ambiental / [email protected], (95) 99137-1192. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade - ICMBio Rua Alfredo Cruz, 283, Centro, Boa Vista -RR. CEP: 69.301-140 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Niche Enlargement As a Consequence of Co-Existence
    Niche enlargement as a consequence of co-existence: a case study Mazzoni, R.a*, Marques, PS.a, Rezende, CF.a,c and Iglesias-Rios, R.b aDepartamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UERJ, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, CEP 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil bDepartamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, CP 68020, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil cDepartamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará – UFC, CEP 60455-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil *e-mail: [email protected] Received March 22, 2011 – Accepted July 04, 2011 – Distributed May 31, 2012 (With 4 figures) Abstract Spatio-temporal changes in the diet, niche breadth and niche overlap of two species of Characidium from three different sites along a Neotropical coastal stream were studied during a dry and rainy season. Seasonal changes were restricted to the occurrence of plant items in the stomach contents. The relative importance of food items in the diet of both species varied across sites, but Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Simuliidae, Trichoptera and Coleoptera larvae were always the main prey items. Contrary to the expected pattern, values of the niche breadth were higher at the site where Characidium species co-existed and niche overlapped at this site indicated 52% (p = 0.52) of feeding overlap. Keywords: neotropical characidae, coastal stream, close related species. Ampliação do nicho como consequência da co-existência: um estudo de caso Resumo Variações espaço-temporal na dieta, na amplitude e na sobreposição de nicho foram estudadas para duas espécies de Characidium de três localidades distintas de um riacho costeiro da região Neotropical, considerando-se as estações seca e chuvosa.
    [Show full text]
  • Oogenesis of the Cardinal Tetra Paracheirodon Axelrodi Schultz (1956): a Histological and Histochemical Study
    Oogenesis of the cardinal tetra Paracheirodon axelrodi Schultz (1956): a histological and histochemical study Brito, MFG.1* and Bazzoli, N.2 1Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe – UFS, Cidade Universitária Prof. José Aloísio de Campos, Av. Marechal Rondon s/n, Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil 2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais – PUC Minas, Av. Dom José Gaspar 500, Coração Eucarístico, Prédio 41, CEP 30535-610, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A histological and histochemical study of Paracheirodon axelrodi oogenesis was conducted. Four types of oocytes were determined, presenting a thin zona pellucida and squamous follicle cells in all developmental stages. The yolk globules in vitellogenic oocytes are spherical and the micropyle possessed an ample vestibule and short micropylar canal. Atresic follicles were frequent, since ovulation did not occur. The histochemical reactions demonstrated the presence of neutral glycoproteins in the zona pellucida and follicle cells; glycopro- teins and lipids in the yolk globules and carboxylated acid glycoconjugates in the cortical alveoli. The knowl- edge of the reproductive parameters becomes an important tool in captivity breeding programs, reducing the fishing effort on the native stock. Keywords: Paracheirodon axelrodi, reproduction, oocyte, follicle atresia. 1 Introduction Capture of small-sized ornamental fishes captured in the P. axelrodi are still unknown (HARRIS and PETRY, 2001). Negro River and tributaries present a great value in the na- Such information that can aid culturing techniques of this spe- tional and international trade markets. Approximately 70% cies on a larger scale is extremely necessary, thereby reducing of the fish exported from the Amazon State comes from the fishing pressures on native stocks.
    [Show full text]
  • Tetra (Paracheirodon Axelrodi, Characidae) in Its Natural Habitat
    The food spectrum of the cardinal - tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi, Characidae) in its natural habitat. Ilse WALKER1 ABSTRACT The cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi) is the most intensively commercialized ornamental fish from the Rio Negro Basin (Amazonas State, Brasil). Analysis of the stomach and gut contents of fish caught in their natural habitats show conclusively that the cardinal is essentially a predator, feeding on the mesofauna that adheres to submerged litter, roots and waterplants. Microcrustacea and chironomid larvae (Diptera) were the most frequently ingested prey, while algae intake was relatively infrequent. It is argued that the relatively small size of the cardinals captured in their natural habitat is due to the annual migrations imposed by the inundation cycles, rather than to resource limitation, because it is known from earlier investigations of similar habitats, that these plant substrates are densely colonized by the aquatic mesofauna. Cardinals raised in captivity are larger and have higher rates of growth. KEY WORDS Rio Negro, cardinal, diet. Estratégias alimentares do cardinal-tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi, Characidae) em seu ambiente natural. RESUMO O cardinal (Paracheirodon axelrodi) é o peixe ornamental comercializado com maior intensidade na Bacia do Rio Negro (Estado do Amazonas, Brasil). Análise do conteúdo estomacal de peixes capturados nos seus habitats naturais mostra, que o cardinal é essencialmente um predador, alimentando-se da mesofauna que está colonizando a liteira submersa, arbustos submersos, raízes flutuantes e plantas aquáticas. As presas principais são microcrustáceos e larvas de quironomídeos (Chironomidae, Diptera), enquanto ingestão de algas é pouco freqüente. Considera-se que o tamanho relativamente pequeno de cardinais capturados nos ambientes naturais é devido as migrações anuais que acompanham os ciclos anuais de enchente e vazante, e não à falta de recursos; já que é conhecido de ambientes parecidos de outros rios da região, que estes substratos aquáticos são densamente colonizados pela mesofauna.
    [Show full text]