Mozambique - Growth Corridors Foreword
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Future Proofing Cities Mozambique - Growth Corridors Foreword It is a great pleasure to introduce these Future-Proofing Cities Studies, covering cities in Ethiopia, Ghana, Mozambique and Uganda. These studies, form an integral part of the Future Cities Africa (FCA) Programme that the Cities Alliance has undertaken over the past two years, with financial support of DFID. These studies covered nine cities that were carefully selected to represent metropolitan cities, secondary cities, regional capitals and cities within growth corridors. Together, they exemplify the challenges of contemporary rapid urban growth, and the opportunities and promise that African cities can and must hold for the future of the continent. While demonstrating important differences between the cities, there is a common thread that is well understood by national governments and city managers alike: a combination of enabling national policies, strong institutions, well-resourced and accountable local governments, and informed and engaged citizens are essential for local and national prosperity. On the African continent it is precisely these type of cities, in every country, that will have to be empowered to contribute to the successful implementation of Agenda 2030, and grapple with the consequences of climate change. However, time is very short, as the majority of urban growth is determined more by facts on the ground than by effective policy-making. I would like to thank Jamie Simpson, Erika Puspa and the entire FCA team for their outstanding work in completing a complex work programme against demanding deadlines, our colleagues at Arup International Development for the high quality of these studies, and Simon Ratcliffe and his colleagues at DFID (UK) for their constant support and encouragement. William Cobbett Cities Alliance Director Mozambique - Growth Corridors is part of the Future Cities Africa (FCA) initiative in partnership with Cities Alliance and the UK Department for International Development (DFID). FCA is a partnership initiative launched by Cities Alliance and DFID to support cities in Ghana, Ethiopia, Uganda and Mozambique as they transform themselves into resilient, inclusive centres of economic growth. © Arup, 2016 Unless specified, all images are copyright Cities Alliance or Arup Acknowledgements This report has been developed by Arup in collaboration with Cities Alliance as part of Department for International Development’s Future Cities Africa programme. We would like to thank the Future Cities Africa team and the wide range of stakeholders we consulted in Mozambique for making time to contribute to this study. Also, we wish to recognise the valuable guidance and feedback we’ve received from the Cities Alliance team on our findings and how best to communicate them. Jo da Silva Director Arup International Development On behalf of Arup International Development’s study team: Jose M. Ahumada, Kieran Birtill, Andrew Charles, Jo da Silva, Belinda Hewitt, Ripin Kalra, Braulio Eduardo Morera, Siddharth Nadkarny, Samantha Stratton-Short, James Waters Graphic design: Mark Doyle Contents Introduction .................................. 2 Approach ........................................ 5 Mozambique ................................. 7 Growth corridors .......................... 11 Tete.... ........................................... 17 Nampula ....................................... 33 Nacala .......................................... 45 Final Thoughts ............................. 57 Appendix ..................................... 61 Information mapping ................... 62 Low-carbon initiatives ................. 63 References .................................... 65 Future Proofing Cities | Growth Corridors in Mozambique African governments are counting on urbanisation to lift their nations out of poverty. Figure 1. Port of Maputo Credit: Julien Lagarde / Flickr 1 Future Proofing Cities | Growth Corridors in Mozambique Introduction The majority of Africa’s population will shift from rural to urban in the next thirty years. Future Cities Africa aims to help cities achieve inclusive economic growth, manage demographic change, and address environmental risks. Africa is going through an economic exclusively in Africa and Asia, boom and cities are at the centre representing over 90% of the of this pathway to economic world’s urban population growth prosperity. The boom in trade and (WEF, 2015). In its recent report, “The emerging future of industry is being defined by two key Future of African Cities: Poles of cities largely depends features that are set to alter Africa’s Prosperity or Slums of Despair future: a youthful population and (2015), the Brenthurst Foundation on the way we plan and urbanisation. Combined, these indicates that by mid-2030 half manage urbanization, and features will drive modernisation of all Africans will live in cities. the way we leverage this and increase connectivity across the They suggest that three main transformative process to continent (KPMG, 2012). drivers of African urbanisation are ‘provide the setting, the fuelling these historic changes in Africa’s cities are emerging as the continent: natural population underlying base and also centres of entrepreneurship, growth, rural-urban migration, the momentum for global innovation, creativity and invention. and large-scale dynamics such change” Africa is now the fastest-growing as connectivity, technology region in the world in terms of and globalisation (Brenthurst Joan Clos mobile telephone and internet Foundation, 2015). Linked to these access. It is anticipated that mobile drivers of growth, greenhouse gas Executive Director UN-Habitat data usage will increase twenty emissions in the region are expected times between 2013 and 2019 to grow rapidly, primarily through (Ericsson, 2014). Africa is also increased fossil fuel use, and the final inhabited continent on agricultural expansion (Hogarth et the planet to urbanise. Globally, al, 2015). future city growth will be almost 75 or over 50 to 75 25 to 50 Less than 25 1950 2014 2050 (projection) Figure 2. Percentage of the population residing in urban areas. Credit: World Urbanization Prospects, The 2014 Revision. UN 2015. 2 Future Proofing Cities | Growth Corridors in Mozambique African city megatrends Development megatrends impacting African cities can be viewed as opportunities or risks depending on a city’s context. Figure 3: African city megatrends - highlighting Mozambican megatrends based on Z-punkt, n.d. & Arup Cities Alive, 2014 3 Future Proofing Cities | Growth Corridors in Mozambique The challenge facing African Currently, 36% of Mozambique’s cities is to provide their citizens population lives in urban areas. with equal economic opportunities This number is increasing in part while transitioning to a low carbon due to the country’s blistering GDP economy, using limited resources growth rate – this has been as high efficiently, and managing rapid as 15.3%, in the first quarter of 2004 urban and population growth. (Tradingeconomics, 2016). Roughly African cities also need to manage 90% of the typical Mozambican city the impacts of a youthful population. is made up of informal settlements. In Uganda, for example, the With projected urban growth rates of majority population is younger than 3% each year, cities in Mozambique 15. This leads African leaders to are becoming denser, particularly “The current wave of urban question whether their demographic in unplanned settlements (Cities growth in Africa is faster profile is an economic godsend or Alliance, 2015a). and occurring faster and on ticking time-bomb (World Bank, 2012). The report also discusses the impact a larger scale than anything of the urbanisation strategy on the world has yet witnessed, For African cities to be successful the regional development of the and therefore poses the they should adopt integrated and country through the promotion holistic urban planning practices of growth corridors. To discuss greatest challenge yet for that consider not only inclusive this message, Future Cities Africa urban and national policy- economic development and low- has selected three cities along the makers” carbon development pathways but Nacala Corridor - Tete, Nampula, also the environmental and social and Nacala - to explore current Brenthurst Foundation, 2015 impacts of growth to promote urbanisation trends and to highlight liveable cities. Cities need to plan key challenges these cities may face for growth that is future-proofed for in the future. our changing climate, the challenges of scarce natural resources, and This report relates to urban growth underlying geophysical risks. corridors in Mozambique and represents one of four reports This report relates to urbanisation prepared for Future Cities Africa. as it is currently happening in Each report covers a specific Mozambique. It explores the country, its national urbanisation present situation of cities and the strategy and its specific regional government’s planned urbanisation planning typology. The other three strategy. It also discusses how the reports include metropolitan cities in country plans to transition to a Ghana, secondary cities in Uganda, majority urban population. and regional cities in Ethiopia. Figure 4. New bridge in Tete. Credits: zambezitraveller.com 4 Future Proofing Cities | Growth Corridors in Mozambique Approach “FCA seeks to support cities in Africa to become future-proofed for climate, environment, and natural resource challenges, so that they are inclusive and