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2.4 Mozambique Railway Assessment Railways Overview

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2.4 Mozambique Railway Assessment

Railways Overview

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The Mozambique Ports and Railways Administration (CFM) was created in 1931. The railway system was developed in order to be connected with the three main ports of Maputo, Beira and Nacala, mainly to provide a fast, safe and efficient transit transportation service for mineral and agriculture exports from South Africa, Zimbabwe and Malawi, and for some national traffic from landlocked provinces. The main railway network is about 2,500 km long, distributed in three systems in the South, Central and North, each with 1,067 mm (3’6”) gauge (cape gauge) that is compatible with neighbouring railways networks.

The railway system was designed mainly for goods transportation, i.e. there are little passenger rail services in the country. On the other hand, there is no direct rail connection between the three systems inside Mozambique territory; connections are however available via neighbouring countries.

The railways were severely targeted by acts of war after the independence of Mozambique in 1975, first by Rhodesian forces prior to Zimbabwe’s independence in 1980, and then during the civil war in Mozambique which lasted until the nineties. These acts of war inflicted major damages on railway lines and bridges, and on locomotives and wagons that consequently disrupted traffic. Recent extensive infrastructure rehabilitation and locomotive and rolling stock renewal programmes undertaken across all three networks, combined with some strategic management concessions, have brought railways back to adequate operational conditions and to be reliable transportation services.

Plans exist to augment the capacity of the current railway system and to build new lines to serve the growing mineral market, which mainly consists of coal from the Tete province.

Safety of cargo in transit has been a main concern of the railway operators, which has led to additional investments in safety locks and guards, as well as generally improved standards which allow for an increased speed of trains.

For more information on government contact details, please see the following link: 4.1 Government Contact List

Travel Time Matrix

This is not relevant because passenger traffic is concentrated mainly in suburban areas with very little long-distance journeys. However, the following connections are worth mentioning:

Nacala – Nampula: 8 hours Nampula – Cuamba: 15 hours Nampula – Lichinga: 20 hours Beira – Chimoio: 7 hours

Railway Companies and Consortia

CFM-South

The CFM-South network has the following main lines, all managed by CFM:
The Goba Line to the Swaziland border (71 km). Transit time from Maputo-Goba – 3 hours. The Limpopo Line to the Zimbabwe border (522 km). Transit time from Maputo-Chicualacuala – 13 hours. The Ressano Garcia Line to the South Africa border (88 Km). Transit time from Maputo-R.Garcia – 4 hours.

There is a partial concession for iron ore traffic with Transnet on the Ressano Garcia line, and another for passenger traffic with Fleet Rail on the Goba and Ressano Garcia lines.

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CFM Centre

The CFM-Centre network has the following main lines:
The Machipanda Line to the Zimbabwe border (318 km), operated by CFM. Transit time from Beira-Machipanda – 11 hours. The Sena Line (from Dondo) to the Malawi border (Nsanje) and Moatize in the Tete province (335 km), operated by CFM, Jindal and ICVL.

ICVL and Jindal have a partial concession for the transportation of coal from Moatize. Their combined capacity is 180,000 tons/month.

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CFM North

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The CFM-North network has a main line from Nacala to the Malawi border (Entre-Lagos) via Cuamba (610 km), and a branch from Cuamba to Lichinga (262 km). The railways are managed by the “Corredor do Norte” (CDN) through a long-term concession that incorporates the railway system in Malawi (CEAR), as well as the link to Moatize, the Tete province, and to Chipata, Zambia.

For more information on railway company contact details, please see the following link: 4.10 Railway Companies Contact List

Capacity Table CFM-South (cargo only)

Rail Operator Capacity

  • CFM
  • Transnet

Ressano Garcia line (88 km) Limpopo Line (522 km)
Ressano Garcia line (88 km)

Lines Operates On

Goba Line (71 km) Max train length – 800 metres Pulling capacity – 50 to 75 wagons
Max train length – 800 metres

Max Train Length and / or Pulling Capacity

Pulling capacity – 50 to 75 wagons
Diesel locomotives of 2,200 - 3,000 HP Diesel locomotives of 3,000 HP

Locomotives

14 14 14
14

Covered Freight Wagons Size (m) Flatbed Freight Wagons Size (m) High-sided Freight Wagons Size (m)

14 9 to 14

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  • 14
  • 14

Drop-side Freight Wagons Size (m)

Capacity Table CFM-Centre (cargo only)

  • CFM, ICVL and Jindal
  • CFM

  • Sena line (335 km)
  • Machipanda line (318 km)

450 metres

Lines Operates On

1,500 metres

Max Train Length and / or Pulling Capacity Locomotives

Diesel n/a
Diesel

Covered Freight Wagons Size (m) Flatbed Freight Wagons Size (m) High-sided Freight Wagons Size (m) Drop-side Freight Wagons Size (m)

  • n/a
  • 13

13 13
13 n/a

Capacity Table CFM-North (cargo only)

Rail Operator Capacity

  • CDN
  • CDN

Nacala – Entre Lagos (601 km) Cuamba – Lichinga (262 km)

Lines Operates On

40 wagons Diesel
25 wagons Diesel

Max Train Length and / or Pulling Capacity Locomotives

10 to 13 13 and 14 n/a
10 to 13 13 and 14 n/a

Covered Freight Wagons Size (m) Flatbed Freight Wagons Size (m) High-sided Freight Wagons Size (m) Drop-side Freight Wagons Size (m)

  • n/a
  • n/a

Key Route Information

CFM-South

Standard Route Information

  • Ressano Garcia Line
  • Limpopo Line
  • Goba Line

  • From Maputo – To Komatipoort
  • From Maputo – To Chicualacuala
  • From Maputo – To Goba

  • 1,067 mm or 3’ 6” (cape gauge)
  • 1,067 mm or 3’ 6” (cape gauge)
  • 1,067 mm or 3’ 6” (cape gauge)

Track Gauge

Maximum: 0.019 % for each 200 metres
Maximum: 1.54% for each 300 metres Minimum: 0.02% for each 400 metres
Maximum: 2.8% for each 433 metres Minimum: 0.5 % for each 1.73 metres

Ruling Gradient

Minimum: 0.0042% for each 300 metres

0-20 km - double line 20-88 km - single line 54 kg, welded
0-5.1 km - double line 5.1-522 km - single line 40 kg and 45 kg, welded
0-10 km - double line 10-71 km - single line 40 kg and 45 kg, welded

Total Track Distance Type of Rail

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Concrete sleepers (monoblock), and wooden sleepers for bridges and turnouts.
Concrete sleepers (monoblock), and wooden sleepers for bridges and turnouts.
Concrete sleepers (monoblock), and wooden sleepers for bridges and turnouts.

Type of Sleeper and Fastenings

  • Elastic and rigid fastening.
  • Elastic and rigid fastening.
  • Elastic and rigid fastening.

  • 4 hours
  • 18 hours

Bad
3.5 hours Marginal

Total Track Travel Time Maintenance

Marginal

  • CFM
  • CFM
  • CFM

Companies / Consortiums Operating on Line

Transnet (iron ore) Fleet Rail (passengers) Daily
Fleet Rail (passengers)

  • Daily
  • Daily

Traffic Frequency Security

  • Good
  • Good
  • Good

Main Stations

  • Maputo
  • Infulene
  • Boane

  • Infulene
  • Gare de Mercadorias

Marracuene Manhiça
Salamanga

  • Goba
  • Machava

Matola Gare

  • Tenga
  • Magude

Pessene Moamba Movene
Xinavane Chókwè Mabalane Combomune M´puzi
Ressano Garcia
Mapai Chicualacuala

CFM-Centre

  • Sena Line
  • Machipanda Line

From Beira to Machipanda

1,067 mm or 3’ 6” (cape gauge)

From Dondo to Malawi border (Nsanje) and Moatize

1,067 mm or 3’ 6” (cape gauge)

Track Gauge

29.16 %

Ruling Gradient

547 km – single line 54 kg/m
318 km – single line

Total Track Distance Type of Rail

Concrete sleepers (monoblock). Pandrol clip.
Mix of concrete (monoblock), wooden and steel sleepers.

Type of Sleeper and Fastenings

Pandrol clip, spikes, coach-screws.

Total Track Travel Time Maintenance

  • Good
  • Good

CFM Daily Good
CFM, ICVL and Jindal

Companies / Consortiums Operating on Line Traffic Frequency

Daily Good

Security

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Main Stations

Semacueza Muanza Inhaminga Inhamitanga Caia Sena D. Ana Doa Cambulatsitse Moatize
Manga Dondo Tica Nhamatanda Inchope Gondola Cafumpe Chimoio Matsinhe Garuso Manica Machipanda

CFM-North

  • Route A
  • Route B

  • Nacala – Entre Lagos
  • Cuamba – Lichinga

  • 1,067 mm or 3’ 6” (cape gauge)
  • 1,067 mm or 3’ 6” (cape gauge)

Track Gauge Ruling Gradient Total Track Distance Type of Rail

  • 610 km – single line
  • 262 km – single line

  • 40 kg/m, not welded
  • 57 kg/m welded,

with some stretches still with 40 kg/m

Concrete sleepers (monoblock and bi-block). Concrete sleepers (bi-block).

Type of Sleeper and Fastenings

  • Elastic fastening.
  • Elastic fastening.

Total Track Travel Time Maintenance

  • Good
  • Good

  • CDN
  • CDN

Companies / Consortiums Operating on Line Traffic Frequency

42 monthly Good
Occasional Good

Security Main Stations

  • Nacala
  • Cuamba

  • Lichinga
  • Monapo

Namialo Nampula Rapale Ribaué Iapala Cuamba Entre Lagos

Key Stations

CFM-South

Key Station Information
Gare de Mercadorias

Mahotas Road-Rail Terminal in Maputo

Location

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Avenue Das Forças Populares, Rua da Gare, Nº 312 Maputo-Mozambique

Contact Information

T. : +258 21 460 780

Email: [email protected]

Road

Connections with Other Transport Means

2

Storage Capacity

110,000 m

  • 2
  • 3

(m and m )

Handling Equipment Handling Capacity Other Comments

Private Railway Section – 1,500 m

2

Area served by the Railway – 60,000 m

CFM Centre

Key Station Information

  • Beira Station
  • Moatize Station
  • Machipanda Station

  • Beira
  • Moatize
  • Machipanda

Location Contact Information Connections with Other Transport Means

Port of Beira Road network in Sofala and Manica provinces Beira Airport (road connection) Road network in Tete province Tete airport (road connection) Road

Storage Capacity (m2 and m3)

Handling Equipment Handling Capacity Other Comments

CFM North

Key Station Information

  • Nacala
  • Nampula

Nampula

Entre Lagos

  • Nacala
  • Entre Lagos

Location

  • +258 213448446
  • +258 21344843 +258 847869802

Contact Information Connections with Other Transport Means

Port of Nacala Road network in Nampula, Niassa and Zambézia provinces Nampula airport (road connection)

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Storage Capacity

  • 2
  • 3

(m and m )

Handling Equipment Handling Capacity Other Comments

Tariffs

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    ecdpm’s Making policies work DISCUSSION PAPER No. 277 A political economy analysis of the Nacala and Beira corridors By Bruce Byiers, Poorva Karkare and Luckystar Miyandazi July 2020 While trade and transport costs in Africa are high, those faced in Malawi are higher than in the wider region. International partners are keen to invest in improving trade and transportation, with a view to promoting socio-economic development in the region, but trade and transport are highly political in both Malawi and Mozambique. This study maps out the different factors and actors that shape current use of the Nacala and Beira corridors connecting Malawi to the Mozambican coast. High-level political relations have fluctuated through time, and though cordial, do not provide a solid basis for improving efficiency along the Nacala rail corridor, with domestic priorities on both sides dominating cross-border cooperation. Thus far, Beira has emerged in Mozambique as the more efficient port serving Malawi and the wider region where state-business relations have aligned with political objectives. Nacala has been made efficient for coal exports but coordination for other trade is lacking, with political interests more geared towards a competition for control of rents. Mozambican road transporters have also the upper hand over Malawian transport, though the market is highly segmented for imports and exports and different goods. External support to improve efficiency will need to take account of the vested state-business interests round the ports and corridors, particularly in Mozambique, and rekindle multi-actor cross-border coordination mechanisms, ideally including different government bodies, private service providers as well as businesses engaged in exports/imports, and learning from past failures to coordinate better.
  • THE ROLE of CULTURE in the LIBERATION of MOZAMBIQUE* by Edward A

    THE ROLE of CULTURE in the LIBERATION of MOZAMBIQUE* by Edward A

    THE ROLE OF CULTURE IN THE LIBERATION OF MOZAMBIQUE* By Edward A. Alpers A baby is a European HE DOES NOT EAT OUR FOOD: he drinks from his ow.n water pot. A baby is a EUropean HE DOES NOT SPEAK OUR TONGUE: he is cross when the mother understands him not. A baby is a European HE CARES VERY LITTLE FOR OTHERS; he forces his will upon his parents. A baby is a European HE IS ALWAYS VERY SENSITIVE: the slightest scratch on his skin results in an ulcer.** One of the most important popular expressions of resistance to the brutality and humiliation of colonialism in Mozambique was cultural . Of these, songs, music and dance were easily the most universal form of protest, with proverbs, stories, and wood sculp­ ture providing other vehicles of resistance. Just as important, *Original Title: "Cultural Expressions of Protest and Resistance in Colonial Mozambique." Author's Note: Research for this article was supported by grants from the African Studies Center and the Academic Senate of the University of California, Los Angeles, and from the Fundasao Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisbon. I am indebted to colleagues at the Centro de Estudios Africanos of the Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, for both material and intellectual support during visits to Mozambique in 1975 and 1976, especially to the Rector of the Universidade, Fernando Ganhao, and to the Director of the Centro, Aquino de Brangan~a. Special thanks go also to Allen Isaacman for friendship and criticism, as to Ricardo Teixeira Durate, then Di­ rector of the Nampula Museum, who allowed me to photograph items in the museum collection.