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FW405 Spring 2015 FW405 – (3 CREDITS) COURSE OUTLINE – SPRING 2015

I. Lecture: Time: Place: Monday 12:10 – 1:00 p.m. 132 Wagar Wednesday 12:10 – 1:00 p.m. 132 Wagar Laboratory Tuesday 2:10 – 4:50 p.m. 132 Wagar / Foothills Laboratory1

Instructor: Dr. Chris A. Myrick 235 Wagar 491-5657 [email protected] Office hours: 2:00 – 3:00 p.m., Monday and Wednesday, or by appointment

II. Required Materials o : An Introduction to , 5th edition (at CSU bookstore). o Supplemental readings (the journal articles listed at the end of the syllabus are required readings; papers 1-2 are testable for Exam 1, papers 3 and 4 are testable on Exam 2, and papers 5 and 6 are testable on Exam 3). o CNR computer account

III. Recommended Materials • 3-ring binder (for handouts + readings) • Flash drive

IV. Grading Policy Exam 1 (15%) Exam 2 (15%) Final Exam (25%) Laboratory reports & problem sets (20%) Laboratory preparation & performance (10%) Term Paper (research proposal) (15%) Total (100%)

Course grades will be determined using the scale below. Final grades may be adjusted to reflect overall class performance. The instructor reserves the right to use +/- grading. A = 90% or more of total points B = Between 80 and 89% of the total points C = Between 70 and 79% of the total points D = Between 60 and 69% of the total points F = Less than 60% of the total points

No makeup exams or will be given. If you miss an exam I must approve a valid excuse from you before the exam begins or you will get a zero. You may call my office (491-5657) in an emergency and leave a message on my answering machine. All assignments are due at the start of the class period on the specified due date. Assignments turned in after the start of the class period will be penalized by 10% per

1 The map to the Foothills Fisheries Laboratory (on the CSU Foothills Campus) is on page 5. Please park in the lot on the S. side of Rampart Rd., immediately adjacent to the gate leading to the building. 1 FW405 Spring 2015 weekday for the first 7 weekdays after the due date. After this point, assignments will be worth a maximum of 30% of their original value.

V. Office Hours Chris Myrick – Monday & Wednesday, 1:30 – 2:30 PM, or by appointment.

VI. Course Description Physiological ecology of fishes, focusing on the diverse range of functional and adjustments that fishes use to cope with various environmental and physiological states. The course will cover bioenergetics, respiration, chemistry and function, muscle function and locomotion, buoyancy regulation, , nutrition, reproduction, growth, and .

VII. Course Goals 1. To provide students with an understanding of physiological processes in fishes. 2. To assist students in understanding how fishes adapt and respond to various environmental and physiological challenges. It is anticipated that this course will provide linkages to existing FW courses, especially in the area of proximate organism-environment relationships. 3. To provide students with practical experience in making measurements on fishes related to their physiological ecology. 4. To provide students with experience in writing professional-quality research proposals and reports based on laboratory experiments

VIII. Prerequisites FW300 or BZ214 or equivalent

IX. Course Home Page A number of course files (supplemental readings, data sets, laboratory handouts) will be posted on the course Canvas website – you will need to login here: http://help.canvas.colostate.edu/login.aspx.

X. Academic Integrity2 We take academic integrity seriously. At minimum, academic integrity means that no one will use another's work as their own. The CSU writing center defines plagiarism this way:

Plagiarism is the unauthorized or unacknowledged use of another person's academic or scholarly work. Done on purpose, it is cheating. Done accidentally, it is no less serious. Regardless of how it occurs, plagiarism is a theft of intellectual property and a violation of an ironclad rule demanding "credit be given where credit is due." Source: (Writing Guides: Understanding Plagiarism. http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/researchsources/understandingplagiarism/plagiarismoverview. cfm.

If you plagiarize in your work you could lose credit for the plagiarized work, fail the assignment, or fail the course. Plagiarism could result in expulsion from the university. Each instance of

2 Dr. Greg Dickinson, CSU, developed the Academic Integrity statement used here and gives permission for other CSU instructors to use parts or all of this statement in their own syllabi. 2 FW405 Spring 2015 plagiarism, classroom cheating, and other types of academic dishonesty will be addressed according to the principles published in the CSU General Catalog (see page seven, column two: http://www.catalog.colostate.edu/FrontPDF/1.6POLICIES1112f.pdf).

Of course, academic integrity means more than just avoiding plagiarism. It also involves doing your own reading and studying. It includes regular class attendance, careful consideration of all class materials, and engagement with the class and your fellow students. Academic integrity lies at the core of our common goal: to create an intellectually honest and rigorous community. Because academic integrity, and the personal and social integrity of which academic integrity is an integral part, is so central to our mission as students, teachers, scholars, and citizens, we will ask to you sign the CSU Honor Pledge as part of completing the research proposal project. While you will not be required to sign the honor pledge, we will ask each of you to write and sign the following statement on your term paper.

"I have not given, received, or used any unauthorized assistance."

In-Class Behavior Dr. Myrick, the guest lecturers, and his graduate students work hard to provide you with a high- quality educational experience. In-class disturbances, such as ringing cell phones, detract from that experience and we consider them highly disruptive and disrespectful. Therefore, you are asked to turn off your cell phone before the start of any lecture or laboratory session. If your phone does ring during class, you will be asked to leave the room for the remainder of that class period. Any other in-class behavior that is deemed unacceptable or distracting to your fellow students will also result in your being asked to leave the class for the remainder of that period.

XI. Lecture Schedule (subject to modification) Lec. READINGS | plain = required | Date Lecture Topic No. Italic = suggested background Course introduction: characteristics of aquatic 1 21-Jan environments [online] 2 26-Jan ; Anaerobic Moyle & Cech - Ch.3 Aerobic metabolism; energetics - adaptations to 3 28-Jan temperature; intraspecific variability Moyle & Cech - Ch.3 Cech, J. J., Jr. 1990. Respirometry. Pages 335-362 in C. B. Schreck, 4 2-Feb Aerobic metabolism - measurement and P. B. Moyle, editors. Methods for Fish Biology. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda. Moyle & Cech - Ch.3; Evans - 5 4-Feb Respiration Ch.1 (8-9) 6 9-Feb Respiration: adaptations to hypoxia; effects Moyle and Cech - Ch. 3 7 11-Feb Respiration: respiratory structures Moyle & Cech - Ch.3 8 16-Feb structure; aquatic gas dynamics Moyle & Cech - Ch.3 Moyle & Cech - Ch.3; Evans - 9 18-Feb Gill ventilation; review session Ch.5 (111-118) - 23-Feb Exam 1: Covers lectures, concepts from lab, and readings

3 FW405 Spring 2015 Colorado - Wyoming Chapter of the American Fisheries Society Meeting - 25-Feb No class, but you are encouraged to attend this local meeting

Moyle & Cech - Ch.4; Evans - Ch. 10 2-Mar Fish blood and function 5 (101-111) Moyle & Cech - Ch.4; Evans - 11 4-Mar Fish : characteristics Ch.6 (129-156) Moyle & Cech - Ch.4; Evans - 12 9-Mar Cardiovascular system; circulation Ch.6 (129-156) Moyle & Cech - Ch.4; Evans - 13 11-Mar Circulation; cardiovascular dynamics Ch.6 (129-156) - 16-Mar Spring Break - 18-Mar Moyle & Cech - Ch.8; Evans - 14 23-Mar Growth: temperature, ration, strain and size effects Ch.4 (65-91) Growth II: compensatory growth; counter-gradient Moyle & Cech - Ch.8; Evans – 15 25-Mar variation Ch.4 (65-91) Moyle & Cech - Ch.5; Evans - 16 30-Mar Thermoregulation Ch.1 (3-4; 11-12) 17 1-Apr Feeding kinematics; review session - 6-Apr Exam 2: Covers lectures since exam 1, lab concepts, and readings Moyle & Cech – Ch.7; Evans - 18 8-Apr Nutrition; feeding energetics Ch.3 (43-60) Moyle & Cech - Ch.5; Evans - 19 13-Apr Buoyancy & swimbladder function Ch.2 (25-40) 20 15-Apr Muscle function Moyle and Cech - Ch.2 Moyle & Cech - Ch.2; Evans - 21 20-Apr Locomotion Ch.1 (3-20) Moyle & Cech - Ch.9; Evans - 22 22-Apr Reproduction: environmental effects; development Ch.18 (465-483) Osmoregulation: ionic regulation; salmonid Moyle & Cech - Ch.6; Evans - 23 27-Apr smoltification Ch.7 (157-172) Stress & acid-base balance: effects of environmental Moyle & Cech - Ch.6; Evans - 24 29-Apr acidification, exercise, hypoxia. Ch.8 (177-192) Tolerance of extreme temperatures: freezing resistance; 25 4-May heat resistance; intraspecific variation; acclimation effects Moyle and Cech – Ch.6

- 6-May Proposal Presentations & Review Session

13-May Final Exam: 7:30 AM - 9:30 AM Cumulative

4 FW405 Spring 2015 XII. Laboratory Exercises. Objective: To acquaint each FW405/605 student with some of the instrumentation, techniques, and measurements currently used in fish physiological studies and to demonstrate/reinforce concepts covered in lectures. Computer Introductions to Lab Exercises: When available, each student must preview the PowerPoint slide shows (available on course website) or lab handouts describing the laboratory exercises to gain admission to the lab. Slide shows or PowerPoint presentations will be uploaded the Monday before each lab exercise. Students will be quizzed on lab techniques at the start of each exercise. Laboratory Preparation & Performance: A subjective score for each student’s apparent laboratory preparation, logical thinking, and exercise-directed persistence for each laboratory exercise will be decided upon by the instructor at the end of each period. Familiarity with the laboratory handout sheet and slide show will result in higher scores. Laboratory Schedule (timing and topics subject to modification) Report Due Date Lab Topic Location Date (by 5:00 p.m.) Discussion of fish physiology research techniques, standards, and 132 27-Jan No report development, and of the research proposal. Wagar 3-Feb Start growth study with fathead minnows (Expt. 1) FFL No report 10- Investigation of temperature effects on fathead minnow respiration FFL 24-Feb Feb and aerobic metabolism (Expt. 2) 17- 132 Discussion of papers (1,2) & lab data No report Feb Wagar 24- Colorado - Wyoming AFS Meeting - No Lab Feb Investigation of the effects of temperature on fathead minnow 3-Mar FFL 26-Mar swimming performance and kinematics (Expt. 3) 10- Investigation of temperature effects on startle responses of fathead 132 24-Mar Mar minnows (Lab 4) Wagar 17- Spring Break Mar 24- Discussion of papers (3,4) + lab data analyses FFL No report Mar 31- Heat exchanger experiment - benefits of counter-current flow No report (Exam FFL Mar (Expt. 5) 2 question) Effects of feeding state on fathead minnow thermal preferences 7-Apr FFL 21-Apr (Expt. 6) 14- Conclusion of growth study (Expt. 1) FFL 28-Apr Apr 21- 132 Discussion of papers (5,6) + lab data No report Apr Wagar

5 FW405 Spring 2015

28- No report (final Comparative hematology of grass and rainbow trout (Expt. 7) FFL Apr exam question) 132 5-May Proposal Presentations & Discussion of lab data No report Wagar

Lab locations: Laboratory sessions will either be held at the Foothills Fisheries Laboratory (see map below), or at in 132 Wagar on the main CSU campus. See the lab schedule to determine where a particular week’s laboratory session is being held.

Lab Reports: Five typed laboratory reports (following the Transactions of the American Fisheries Society citation and reference format –available at http://afs.allenpress.com/fitr.pdf) are required during the semester (due dates shown below) from each student. Students will receive more information on lab reports and their formats during the first discussion/lab meeting. Each report is worth 50 points. 1. Reports should address an “outside audience”, with the assumption that reader was not in the lab with you, but has some knowledge of fish physiology. 2. Reports should be double-spaced and should be 2-3 pages in length (literature cited, figures, and tables do not count towards the total). 3. Reports should concisely cover the following areas: a. Introduction (10 pts): This section should provide a summary of relevant background information, provide the experimental objectives, and provide a testable hypothesis with justification for why you chose that hypothesis. b. Materials and methods (10 pts): This section provides a summary of the primary equipment and procedures. You may reference the laboratory handout for details, but be sure to include any changes from the handout’s procedures as well as relevant details about experimental conditions, equipment, and possible sources of error. c. Results and Discussion sections (25 pts): This section must include the following: i. A summary of the data collected in either tabular or graphical format. Do not include the raw data, unless specifically directed to do so (Results section). ii. A statement where you conclude that your results either support or reject the hypothesis stated in the Introduction (Results section). iii. Samples of each type of calculation necessary (Results section), excluding those needed for conducting statistical tests (e.g., t-tests, ANOVAs, regression). iv. An interpretation of your data, with inferences drawn from the primary literature, if necessary (Discussion section). v. A discussion of the significance of your findings to the species in their ability to cope with environmental conditions (Discussion section). d. Literature cited (5 pts): Each report must incorporate a minimum of 4 relevant citations from the primary literature. Be sure to follow the proper format (Transactions of the American Fisheries Society) for citations and references.

XIII. Term Project – Research Grant Proposal Objective: To allow pairs of students to develop a better understanding of a specific topic area in the physiological ecology of fishes and to give students grant-writing experience. Note: If you 6 FW405 Spring 2015 have written a paper for another course on a fish physiology topic, you will not be allowed to use the same topic for this course—your work is to be original. 1. Choose a partner and a broad topic area by February 6th. 2. Narrow your choice down to a more focused sub-topic and get approval from C. Myrick by February 13th (email your choice to Dr. Myrick). 3. Prepare a written outline (with at least 5 references from the primary literature) by March 6th (5 pts). 4. Prepare a double-spaced, typed proposal (6 – 10 pages long) by Friday, May 1st. Proposals are due by 5:00 PM that Friday. The proposal should address an experiment (or experiments) that you feel should be conducted to advance our knowledge in your topic area. 5. You may submit typed drafts to the instructor for comments—in fact this is strongly recommended. The deadline for submission of drafts is Friday, April 17th at 5:00 p.m. 6. The audience for this proposal is a mix of scientists (not necessarily fish physiologists) and administrators. Though you are not required to turn in a budget, assume that you cannot exceed a total project cost of $1 million. 7. The proposal should follow the format (section headings) below: a. Research Question or Statement of the Problem b. Background information, ending with your hypotheses and objectives. c. Approach and Methods (note: include appropriate statistical analyses) d. Justification e. Literature Cited f. CSU honor pledge (see section X of the syllabus) 8. Proposals will be graded as follows (total of 90 pts): a. Physiological relevance (20 pts) b. Understanding of research area and background information (20 pts) c. Originality and feasibility of research idea, methods, and analyses (20 pts) d. Defense of research idea and justification, including its application to present knowledge (20 pts) e. Readability, conciseness, and appearance (i.e., correct formatting, spelling, and grammar) (10 pts) 9. Each group shall prepare a 7-minute presentation on your research proposal for delivery during the last laboratory and lecture periods (Tuesday and Wednesday , May 5th and 6th; 10 pts). You may use slides, PowerPoint or overheads.

XIV. Required Journal Articles 1 Glover, D. C., DeVries, and R. A. Wright. 2012. Effects of temperature, salinity and body size on

routine metabolism of coastal largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. Journal of Fish Biology 81(5):1463-1478. 2 Halpin, P. M., and K. L. M. Martin. 1999. Aerial respiration in the marsh fish Fundulus

Exam 1 Exam heteroclitus (Fundulidae). Copeia (3):743-748. 3 Holthe, E., E. Lund, B. Finstad, E. B. Thorstad, and R. S. McKinley. 2005. A fish selective obstacle to prevent dispersion of an unwanted fish species, based on leaping capabilities. Fisheries

Management and Ecology 12(2):143–147. 4 Herrera, M., C. Aragao, I. Hachero, I. Ruiz-Jarabo, L. Vargas-Chacoff, J. M. Mancera, and L. E. C. Conceicao. 2012. Physiological short-term response to sudden salinity change in the Senegalese sole

Exam 2 Exam (Solea senegalensis). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 38(6):1741-1751. 7 FW405 Spring 2015 5 Eliason, E. J., D. A. Higgs, and A. P. Farrell. 2007. Effect of isoenergetic diets with different protein and lipid content on the growth performance and heat increment of rainbow trout. Aquaculture 272(1-4):723-736. 6 Recsetar, M. S., M. P. Zeigler, D. L. Ward, S. A. Bonar, and C. A. Caldwell. 2012. Relationship between fish size and upper thermal tolerance. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society

Final Exam Final 141(6):1433-1438.

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