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REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY in AQUACULTURE a Proposa1 for an International Collaborative Programme of Research

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REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY in AQUACULTURE a Proposa1 for an International Collaborative Programme of Research IUBS REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY IN AQUACULTURE A Proposa1 for an International Collaborative Programme of Research Edited by P. G. W. J. van Oordt REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY IN AQUACULTURE A Proposal for an International Collaborative Programme of Research B Y P. G. W. J. van Oordt with the collaboration of J. Benzie, R. Billard, W. H. Clark jr., H. J. Th Goos, C. L. Hew, D. E. Morse, Y. Nagahama, R. E. Peter Y. Shaoyi and T. Younès Special Issue No26 Biology International The International Union of Biological Sciences News Magazine "Give a man a fish, and he has food for one day; teach a man to breed fish, and he has food for himself and his family for the rest of their lives. " (Paraphrase of a Chinese Proverb) TABLE OF CONTENTS 01. Table of Contents 02. Foreword 03. Suminary 03.01. History 03.02. Rationale 03.03. Objectives 03.04. Structure 04. Introduction 04.01. Preparation of the RBA Programme 04.02. An IUBS Symposium on Reproductive Biology in Aquaculture, Taipei, Apnl 1991 05. Rationale of the RBA Programme 05.01. Aquaculture for Food and Nature Conservation 05.02. RBA Research 06. General Objectives of the RBA Programme 06.01. Objective 1: Understanding and Control of the Development, Growth, Differentiation and Maturation of the Reproductive System 06.02. Objective 2: Understanding and Control of Gamete Physiology, Fertilization, and Early Embryonic Development 06.03. Objective 3: Improven-ientof Aquaculture by Hybridization, Polyploidy, Cloning and Genetic Manipulation 07. Subdivision of the RBA Programme 08. Implementation of the RBA Programme 09. Extension of the RBA Programme 10. Organization of the RBA Programme 11. Future Activities: RBA Symposia in 1991 & 1992 12. References 13. Participants; Addresses and Main Research Country names are used according to the list of Ordinary Members of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) in the ICSU Yearbook 1990, for the sake of brevity and common usage, Gd are not intended to carry political or diplomatic iniplications. FOREWORD Following the resolution of the 23rd IUBS General Assembly in Canberra, Australia, in 1988, a feasibility study was undertaken in order to launch an international collaborative research programme in the broader area of reproduction and resources, with specific emphasis on reproductive biology in aquaculture. This "Special Issue" of Biology Iniernational on "Reproductive Biology in Aquaculture: A Proposa1for an International Collahorative Programme of Research", represents the final outcome of a series of meetings, discussions and contacts made during the period 1989-1991. This proposa1 will be submitted to the 24th General Assembly of the Union, to be held on 1-6 September, 1991, in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. There are various people and organizations who contributed to the success of this endeavour, and it is my pleasure, on behalf of the IUBS, to begin with the acknowledgement of the invaluable contribution of Professor P.G.W.J. van Oordt, Chairman of the IUBS Cornmittee in the Netherlands. Professor van Oordt devoted his considerable time and energy to help this programme take shape, resulting in the construction of a wide international network of distinguished scientists in the area of reproductive biology and aquaculture. Also, 1 would like to express Our most sincere thanks to Professor C.-H. Chou, Chairman of the IUBS Committee, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, as well as the Cornmittee Members, for their kind support and cooperation in the organization of the "International Symposium on Reproductive Biology in Aquaculture" in Taipei, 22-27 April, 1991, which represented an important step towards the development of this programme. Finally, Our appreciation and gratitude to the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU), and in particular, the Biological Sciences' Working Group which met at the ICSU General Assembly, 1990, in Sofia, Bulgaria. It was at that time this programme was provided sponsorship and financial support as a common ground for cooperation between the IUBS and the ICSU Scientific Cornmittees for Biotechnology (COBTOTECH), and for the Application of Science to Agriculture, Forestry and Aquaculture (CASAFA). Tala1 Younes Executive Secretary, IUBS 03. SUMMARY 03.01. History Following discussions during the 23rd General Assembly in Canberra, October 1988, the Executive Committee of the IUBS allowed P.G.W.J. van Oordt to look into the feasibility of an international scientific programme in the field of Reproductive Biology in Aquaculture (RBA). Contacting colleagues in many centres of RBA research, resulted in more than 130 positive reactions from RBA research teams in 24 countries. Important aspects of the RBA Programme were discussed during the "International Symposium on Reproductive Biology in Aquaculture" in Taipei, 22-27 April 1991 , organized by the Academia Sinica in Taipei and its IUBS committee. 03.02. Rationale The rapidly expanding human population of the earth consumes increasing amounts of food; not only food grown on land, but also food from natural aquatic ecosystems. A further exploitation of lakes, rivers and seas will lead to destruction of ecosystems and species extinction. Moreover, in many places water pollution has made aquatic food unacceptable for human consumption. Aquaculture is the obvious alternative as it can provide large quantities of healthier, protein rich food. Aquaculture, however, needs a sound scientific basis. One of its important issues is the reproduction of aquatic animals under husbandry conditions. International cooperation in RBA research will enhance the understanding of reproductive processes in fish, molluscs, crustaceans and other fish farm animals, will lead to successful introduction of new species, and will induce the development of new techniques for solving practical problems of reproduction in aquaculture. 03.03. Objectives The main objectives of the RBA Programme are: 1.- to control de development, growth, differentiation and maturation of the reproductive system; 2.- to understand and to control gametogenesis, gamete physiology, fertilization and early embryonic development; 3.- to develop and improve techniques for hybridization, polyploidy, cloning and genetic manipulation, in species of aquacultural importance. These objectives will contribute to: A.- the development and dissemination of biological containment mechanisms in aquaculture; B.- the transfer from model systems to practical application for control of the reproductive cycle; C.- the optimalization of aquaculture production by the enhancement of the efficiency and yield on a species-specific basis; D.- the diversification of aquaculture production; E.- the protection of ecosystems by the prevention of the release of experimental organisms, and the prevention of biological invasions; F.- the protection of aquatic biological diversity and conservation of the gene pool of aquatic species. 03.04. Structure For practical reasons the three objectives will be pursued in three Subprogrammes, i.e. 1) Reproductive Physiology, II) Gamete Physiology, and III) Cytogenetics and Genetic Manipulation. Each subprogramme will have a Coordinating Committee. These committees will a.0. advise on the development of research and training programmes, organize workshops and symposia, and report annually on the progress of the subprogramme. The RBA Programme as such will be led by a Steering Committee. It a.0. appoints the members of the subprogramme committees; it assists in the drawing up of proposals for research and training projects; it assists in finding funds for such projects; it sees to it that regular intra- and intergroup meetings are organized; it reports anncially on the RBA Programme to the Executive Committee of the IUBS; and it establishes and promotes contacts with other relevant organizations, including other IUBS programmes, as may be useful for the RBA Programme itself. 04. INTRODUCTION 04.01. Preparation of the RBA Programme The Executive Committee of the IUBS, meeting in Canberra, Australia, on 23 October 1988, immediately after the 23rd General Assembly, allowed the Professors B. Baccetti, D.F. Roberts and P.G.W.J. van Oordt to look into the possibility of international cooperation in the fields of lnsect Reproduction, Human Reproduction and Reproductive Biology in Aquaculture, respectively, within the scope of a future international scientific programme of the IUBS on "Reproduction and Resources". During the meeting of the Executive Cornmittee in Paris in February 1989, it became clear that sufficient support for such a programme had only been found among scientists studying reproductive biology in aquaculture. Therefore, the Executive Committee asked Van Oordt to continue his investigations of this matter, and to coordinate the work necessary for the preparation of a proposal for an international scientific programme of the IUBS on "Reproductive Biology in Aquaculture" (RBA). A first preparatory meeting was held in Utrecht in August 1989, in the presence of Drs. R. Billard (Paris), B. Borg (Stockholm), K.-H. Chang (Taipei), H.J.Th. Goos (Utrecht), C.-C. Huang (Taipei), E.A. Huisman (Wageningen), Y. Nagahama (Okasaki), P.G.W.J. van Oordt (Utrecht), Yan Shaoyi (Beijing) and T. Younès (Paris). During that meeting a preparatory committee was formed, consisting of Drs. R. Billard, Y. Nagahama, R.E. Peter (Edmonton), P.G.W.J. van Oordt and T. Younes; and an invitation was received from the IUBS Committee of China in Taipei for a preparatory symposium in Taipei in April 1991. An introductory paper on the
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