Celtiques, Conséquence
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Auraicept Na Néces: a Diachronic Study
Auraicept na nÉces: A Diachronic Study With an Edition from The Book of Uí Mhaine Nicolai Egjar Engesland A dissertation submitted for the degree of Philosophiae Doctor The 20th of October 2020 Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies Faculty of Humanities University of Oslo τῳ φωτί τῆς οἰκίας Foreword First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor Mikael Males at the Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies at the University of Oslo for his untiring support and crucial input to the project at all stages. His enthusiasm for the field is unmatched. Der var intet valg, kun fremad, ordren ville lyde: døden eller Grønlands vestkyst. Secondly, I would like to thank Jan Erik Rekdal for having co-supervised the project and for having introduced me to the fascinating field of Irish philology and to Conamara. I would like to thank Pádraic Moran for valuable help with the evaluation of my work this spring and for useful feedback also during the conference on the dating of Old Norse and Celtic texts here in Oslo and on my visit to the National University of Ireland Galway last autumn. A number of improvements to the text and to the argumentation are due to his criticism. The community at NUI Galway has been very welcoming and I would like to show my gratitude to Michael Clarke and Clodagh Downey for accommodating us during our trip. Clarke also provided me with profitable feedback during the initial part of my work and has been a steady source of inspiration at conferences and workshops both in Ireland and in Norway. -
Trees and Plants in Mythology
Legends The name locust tree is attributed to the religious sects that immigrated to North America in the 17th Century. According to the Bible, John the Baptist ate locusts and wild honey (Matthew 3:4). The "locusts" are believed to have been pods of the Carob tree, a member of the legume or pea family indigenous to the Middle East. Since the Locust tree resembles the Carob tree, its name reflects the biblical reference. The Carob tree is also called Saint John's Bread, and, ironically, Locust tree. The longevity of locust wood is an article of faith in the lore and legend of agrarian society; locust fence posts False acacia, locust tree, yellow reportedly lasting for over one hundred locust, black locust years and pioneer homes with locust corner posts still standing. Because of its many attributes, the Locust tree has been spread by the conscious actions of good-intentioned arborists throughout the world. It was one of the first New World trees to be exported to Europe, entering England in the 1630's. The Cherokee Indians chewed the root bark to induce vomiting and to ameliorate the pain of a toothache. The flowers contain the glycoside robinin, which has been shown experimentally to act as a diuretic. A tea made from the flowers was used to treat everything from headache to nausea. Juice from the leaves purportedly inhibited viruses. Parts of the locust tree are consumed as food by both humans and animals. Honey produced by bees from Locust tree nectar is considered among the finest in the world. -
ALPHABETUM Unicode Font for Ancient Scripts
(VERSION 14.00, March 2020) A UNICODE FONT FOR LINGUISTICS AND ANCIENT LANGUAGES: OLD ITALIC (Etruscan, Oscan, Umbrian, Picene, Messapic), OLD TURKIC, CLASSICAL & MEDIEVAL LATIN, ANCIENT GREEK, COPTIC, GOTHIC, LINEAR B, PHOENICIAN, ARAMAIC, HEBREW, SANSKRIT, RUNIC, OGHAM, MEROITIC, ANATOLIAN SCRIPTS (Lydian, Lycian, Carian, Phrygian and Sidetic), IBERIC, CELTIBERIC, OLD & MIDDLE ENGLISH, CYPRIOT, PHAISTOS DISC, ELYMAIC, CUNEIFORM SCRIPTS (Ugaritic and Old Persian), AVESTAN, PAHLAVI, PARTIAN, BRAHMI, KHAROSTHI, GLAGOLITIC, OLD CHURCH SLAVONIC, OLD PERMIC (ANBUR), HUNGARIAN RUNES and MEDIEVAL NORDIC (Old Norse and Old Icelandic). (It also includes characters for LATIN-based European languages, CYRILLIC-based languages, DEVANAGARI, BENGALI, HIRAGANA, KATAKANA, BOPOMOFO and I.P.A.) USER'S MANUAL ALPHABETUM homepage: http://guindo.pntic.mec.es/jmag0042/alphabet.html Juan-José Marcos Professor of Classics. Plasencia. Spain [email protected] 1 March 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. Intr oduc tion 3 2. Font installati on 3 3. Encod ing syst em 4 4. So ft ware req uiremen ts 5 5. Unicode co verage in ALP HAB ETUM 5 6. Prec ompo sed cha racters and co mbining diacriticals 6 7. Pri vate Use Ar ea 7 8. Classical Latin 8 9. Anc ient (po lytonic) Greek 12 10. Old & Midd le En glis h 16 11. I.P.A. Internati onal Phon etic Alph abet 17 12. Pub lishing cha racters 17 13. Mi sce llaneous ch aracters 17 14. Espe ran to 18 15. La tin-ba sed Eu ropean lan gua ges 19 16. Cyril lic-ba sed lan gua ges 21 17. Heb rew 22 18. -
Ogham Course
Whispering Woods Ogham Course The Ogham alphabet consists of twenty distinct letters which are known as "feda". They are arranged in four series called aicmí (plural of aicme "family"). Each aicme was named after its first character (Aicme Beithe, Aicme hÚatha, Aicme Muine, Aicme Ailme, or "the B Group", "the H Group", "the M Group" and "the A Group"). The Ogham Tract also gives a variety of around 100 variant or secret modes of writing Ogham (92 in the Book of Ballymote), for example the "Shield Ogham" (ogam airenach, nr. 73). Even the Younger Futhark is introduced as a kind of "Viking Ogham" (nrs. 91, 92). The Druids of yore were said to be very efficient at Ogham writing and signing. Whispering Woods Ogham Course - Lesson One The Ogham "OH-ehm" alphabet is referred to as "beth luis nion". The name represents the names of the first, second, and fifth letters of the Ogham alphabet. The letters themselves consist of one to five perpendicular or angled strokes, meeting or crossing a center line. These letters were often inscribed in wood or stone. The alphabet itself consists of twenty letters and five diphthongs. The first twenty letters are divided into three sets of five consonants and one set of five vowels. The five diphthongs were thought to have been added later to ease the transition from Latin to ancient Irish. There is an understanding that the names of the main twenty letters are also the names of 20 trees which are sacred to the druids. Vowels were sometimes described as a combination of dots. -
Babelstone: the Ogham Stones of the Isle Of
BabelStone Thursday, 30 June 2011 The Ogham Stones of the Isle of Man • The Ogham Stones of Cornwall and Devon • The Ogham Stones of Wales • The Ogham Stones of Scotland • The Ogham Stones of the Isle of Man • The Ogham Stones of Ireland • The Ogham Stones of Elsewhere The Isle of Man, situated midway between Ireland and Britain, has always been at a sea-faring crossroads, and over the centuries has been exposed to influences from many different cultures. This is well reflected in the relatively large number of monumental inscriptions that have survived on the island, which include both runestones and Ogham stones, exhibiting a mixture of Irish, British, Pictish and Norse influences. Location of Ogham Inscriptions in the Isle of Man Red tags mark the sites of certain Ogham inscriptions (a dot indicates that the stone is in situ) Blue tags mark museums or other sites where Ogham stones are held The Manx Ogham inscriptions are a heterogeneous group with a wide age span, some perhaps dating to as early as the 5th century, and others dating to as late as the 12th century. Typifying the fusion of Irish and Norse cultures on the island during the medieval period (9th through 13th centuries) are two unique monuments that combine Norse Runic inscriptions and Ogham inscriptions on the same stone : • Maughold Stone (MAUGH/2) • Kirk Michael Stone (KMICH/1) The Maughold stone is a plain, flat stone with a line of Norse runes reading "John the Priest cut these runes" running across its centre, below which is inscribed the sixteen-letter "younger fuþark" in short twig runes. -
Rune-Names and Ogam-Names and Their Relation to Alphabet Letter-Names Issue Date: 2013-06-18 Introduction
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/20979 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Griffiths, Alan Title: A family of names : Rune-names and Ogam-names and their relation to alphabet letter-names Issue Date: 2013-06-18 Introduction INTRODUCTION 1 A Family of Names 2 Introduction INTRODUCTION The alphabet is a house of learning. That statement could be left as the metaphor it is intended to be – or it could be dissected to expose the sources of its imagery. This thesis is concerned with the dissection of imagery and starts with the imagery attaching to the letters of the Hebrew, Greek and Latin alphabets. Its principal focus, however, is on the imagery that has been associated with two quite different scripts derived from one or other of those alphabets, namely the series of runic characters that has come to be known as the fuþark, and the series of characters found carved on standing stones, mainly in Ireland, and known as ‘ogam’.1 I prefer to use the word ‘alphabet’ only for lists of characters arranged in alphabetical order, including Hebrew, Greek and Latin alphabets as well as medieval lists of runes and ogam characters in alphabetical order. Initially, when listed in sequence, runic and ogam characters were arranged in quite a different order to alphabets in this sense, as is illustrated in the examples given in the frontispiece Figures A and B. The earliest sequences of runes have come to be known as fuþarks from the first six runes in the lists. The sequence illustrated in the frontispiece, however, is that of a revised version of the early fuþark as used in Anglo-Saxon England. -
ALPHABETUM Unicode Font for Ancient Scripts
(VERSION 11.00, April 2014) A UNICODE FONT FOR LINGUISTICS AND ANCIENT LANGUAGES: OLD ITALIC (Etruscan, Oscan, Umbrian, Picene, Messapic) CLASSICAL & MEDIEVAL LATIN, ANCIENT GREEK, COPTIC, GOTHIC, LINEAR B, PHOENICIAN, ARAMAIC, HEBREW, SANSKRIT, RUNIC, OGHAM, ANATOLIAN SCRIPTS (Lydian, Lycian, Carian, Phrygian and Sidetic), IBERIC, CELTIBERIC, OLD & MIDDLE ENGLISH, CYPRIOT, PHAISTOS DISC, CUNEIFORM SCRIPTS (Ugaritic and Old Persian), AVESTAN, PAHLAVI, PARTIAN, BRAHMI, KHAROSTHI, GLAGOLITIC, OLD CHURCH SLAVONIC and MEDIEVAL NORDIC (Old Norse and Old Icelandic). (It also includes characters for LATIN-based European languages, CYRILLIC-based languages, DEVANAGARI, BENGALI, HIRAGANA, KATAKANA, BOPOMOFO and I.P.A.) USER'S MANUAL ALPHABETUM homepage: http://guindo.pntic.mec.es/jmag0042/alphabet.html Juan-José Marcos Professor of Classics. Plasencia. Spain [email protected] 5 April 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. Introduction 3 2. Font installation 3 3. Encoding system 4 4. Software requirements 5 5. Unicode coverage in ALPHABETUM 5 6. Precomposed characters and combining diacriticals 6 7. Private Use Area 7 8. Classical Latin 8 9. Ancient (polytonic) Greek 12 10. Old & Middle English 16 11. I.P.A. International Phonetic Alphabet 17 12. Publishing characters 17 13. Miscellaneous characters 17 14. Esperanto 18 15. Latin-based European languages 19 16. Cyrillic-based languages 21 17. Hebrew 22 18. Devanagari (Sanskrit) 23 19. Bengali 24 20. Hiragana and Katakana 25 21. Bopomofo 26 22. Gothic 27 23. Ogham 28 24. Runic 29 25. Old Nordic 30 26. Old Italic (Etruscan, Oscan, Umbrian, Picene etc) 32 27. Iberic and Celtiberic 37 28. Ugaritic 40 29. Old Persian 40 30. Phoenician 41 31. -
8-Bit Single-Byte Graphic Coded Character Set for Ogham I.S
I.S. 434:1999 IRISH STANDARD CAIGHDEÁN ÉIREANNACH ICS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – TEICNEOLAÍOCHT EOLAIS – 8-BIT SINGLE-BYTE GRAPHIC TACAR CARACHTAR GRAFACH CODED CHARACTER SET FOR OGHAIM CÓDAITHE GO OGHAM hAONBHEARTACH LE 8 nGIOTÁN This Irish Standard was published, in one official Caighdeán Éireannach é seo a foilsíodh in aon bilingual version in Irish and English, under the eagrán dátheangach amháin, as Gaeilge agus i authority of the National Standards Authority of mBéarla, faoi údarás an Údaráis Náisiúnta um Ireland and comes into effect on: Chaighdeáin na hÉireann, agus a mbeidh feidhm 1999-xx-xx leis ar an: 1999-xx-xx NO COPYING WITHOUT NSAI PERMISSION COSC AR A CHÓIPEÁIL GAN CEAD CHUIGE SIN EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Ó NSAI, NÓ DE RÉIR MAR A CHEADAÍONN DLÍ AN CHÓIPCHIRT National Standards Údarás Náisiúnta Authority of Ireland um Chaighdeáin na hÉireann Dublin 9 Baile Átha Cliath 9 Telephone/Guthán: +353 1 807-3800 Telefax/Facsa: +353 1 807-3838 © NSAI 1999 Price code/Cód luacha: E Page/Lch. 2 Information technology — 8-bit single-byte graphic coded character set for Ogham I.S. 434:1999 Teicneolaíocht eolais — Tacar carachtar grafach Oghaim códaithe go haonbheartach le 8 ngiotán DECLARATION FÓGRA OF SONRAÍOCHTA SPECIFICATION DAR ENTITLED TEIDEAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY — TEICNEOLAÍOCHT EOLAIS — 8-BIT SINGLE-BYTE GRAPHIC CODED TACAR CARACHTAR GRAFACH OGHAIM CHARACTER SET FOR OGHAM CÓDAITHE GO hAONBHEARTACH LE 8 nGIOTÁN AS MAR THE IRISH STANDARD SHONRAÍOCHT CHAIGHDEÁNACH SPECIFICATION FOR ÉIREANNACH DO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY — 8-BIT THEICNEOLAÍOCHT EOLAIS — TACAR SINGLE-BYTE GRAPHIC CODED CARACHTAR GRAFACH OGHAIM CHARACTER SET FOR OGHAM CÓDAITHE GO hAONBHEARTACH LE 8 nGIOTÁN NSAI in exercise of the power conferred by Lena chumhacht faoi chuid 16(3) den Acht section 16(3) of the National Standards um Údarás Náisiúnta um Chaighdeáin na Authority of Ireland Act, 1996 (No. -
Other Knotty Works Pathfinder Compatible Products If You Enjoyed This Product, Please Check out These Other Pathfinder Supplements Produced by the Knotty Works
OTHER KNOTTY WORKS PATHFINDER COMPATIBLE PRODUCTS If you enjoyed this product, please check out these other Pathfinder supplements produced by the Knotty Works. Offering spells, supplements dedicated to class options, new classes, magic items, feats, and more that can be found in the Knotty-Works library. So make sure to check it out today! Sample file ADVANCING WITH CLASS THE DRUID Designed, Developed, and Edited by John Buckley with Contributions by Aaron Hollingsworth The Knotty-Works Compatibility with the Pathfinder Roleplaying Game requires the Pathfinder Roleplaying Game from Paizo Publishing, LLC. See http://paizo.com/pathfinderRPG for more information on the Pathfinder Roleplaying Game. Paizo Publishing, LLC does not guarantee compatibility, and does not endorse this product. Product Identity: The following terms are hereby defined as product identity, as defined in the in the Open Gaming License Version 1.0a, Section 1(e) and are not Open Content: All trademarks, proper names (characters, locations, etc.), dialogue, plot, storylines, location, characters, and trade dress. All characters and locations appearing in this work are fictitious. Any resemblance to real persons, living or dead, or locations is purely coincidental. Advancing with Class: The Druid Copyright © 2018 John Buckley, Open Gaming License Copyright © 2007 Wizards of the Coast. All rights reserved, Pathfinder is a registered trademark of Paizo Publishing, LLC, and the Pathfinder Roleplaying Game and the Pathfinder Roleplaying Game Compatibility Logo are trademarks of Paizo Publishing, LLC, and are used under the Pathfinder Roleplaying Game Compatibility License. See http://paizo.com/pathfinderRPG/compatibility for more information on the compatibility license. Some rights reserved. -
Ogham Tree Letters B B Beithe Birch Beginning, Renewal, Youth, Change, Purification, Childbirth
www.facebook.com/herbsmagickpath https://herbsmagickpath.co.uk Ogham Tree Letters b B Beithe Birch Beginning, Renewal, Youth, Change, Purification, Childbirth Protection, Expression, Connection, Sanctuary, Spells of l L Luis Rowan Protection, Security n F Fern Alder Counsel, Spirit Guide, Oracular knowledge, Inspiration, f S Saille Willow Imagination, Intuition, Visions, Witchcraft, Lunar Influence, Connection, Wisdom, Expanded Reality, Transformation, Shape s N Nion Ash Shifting, Growth, Destiny h H Huath Hawthorn Contradiction, Obstructions, Desire, Shame, Fear Strength, Stability, Nobility, Endurance, Goodwill, Established D Duir Oak d way of Life Action, Assertion, Objectivity, Challenge, Emotional and T Tinne Holly t Spiritual Testing, Defence Creativity, Purity, Honesty, Wisdom, Enlightenment, Inspiration, C Coll Hazel c Knowledge q Q Quert Apple Beauty, Love, Generosity, Health, Vitality, Healing, Recovery Introspection, Relaxation, Depth, Achievement of Goals, M Muin Vine m Celebration, Divine Ecstasy Determination, Change, Patience, Ruthlessness, Survival, G Gort Ivy g Breaking Barriers Harmony, Health, Growth, Wellbeing, Healing, Sweeping out NG Ngetal Broom y Negativity, Discipline, Control, Perspective, Pain, Wounding, Conflict, ST Straif Blackthorn z Adversity, Separation Transition, Evolution, Continuation, Regret, Shame, Retribution, R Ruis Elder r Karma Clarity, Achievement, Energy, Elation, Wonder, Heightened A Ailm Fir a Conciousness, Fear, Emotion Transmutation, Resourcefulness, Sexuality, Passion, Binding O Onn Gorse -
Tree Tales – an Ogham Workbook
TREE TALES A self-guided, walking trail to connect with the native trees and shrubs in the valley of Glendalough. This workbook is designed as an interactive resource to help you identify some trees and shrubs and discover some of their stories from the distant past, along with some of their fascinating facts. By Eleanor Sutherland, Education Guide, WICKLOW MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK. Introduction We have created this workbook so that you can learn a little about the trees that grace our Island home. Trees have colonised Ireland since the ice cap melted about 11.000 years ago and were here before humans arrived, so they have many stories to tell. Native Irish woodlands have become a very rare habitat but that was not always the case. After the climate settled to become Temperate, about 90% of Ireland was covered in woodlands. They would have looked a little different in those days with abundant lichens and a mix of inpenetratable are- as and some more open areas. The loss of Ireland’s woodlands started with the beginnings of Agriculture, when small clearances were made. The word 'field' comes from the word 'felled' Subsequently, more than a 1,000 years later, the widespread plunder of the trees by occupying English landlords began. The timber was seen as a valuable resource and huge trees were felled and exported to England to build the cathedrals and ships there. Thereby providing an extra source of income to many of the absentee 'Gentry' who had been granted ownership of land in Ireland as a payment for fa- vours by English royalty. -
Ogham Divination
Ogham Name (alternative Tree Property Interpretation when divining Tarot Major Arcana Symbol spellings in brackets) with runes. correspondance? Beith (Beth) Birch Rebirth New beginnings are there for the The Fool taking. Luis Rowan (aka Mountain Ash) Protection from harmful Knowledge will be gained only The Magician influences (magic) by learning. Fearn (Fern) Alder Seeing visions Oracular power offers insights of The Moon the future. Saille (Sail) Willow Healing Spiritual growth will follow. Nuin (Nion, Nin) Ash Stability (balance) Make connections between the Temperance past, present and future. Huath (Uathe, Uath) Hawthorn Conflict Strength to drive off an attack by The Tower any with intent to harm. Duir (Dair) Oak Strength or resilience Hold to the courage of your The Chariot convictions. Tinne (Teine) Holly Protection Have courage and face up to Strength adversity. Coll (Call) Hazel Wisdom Knowledge may be given as a The Star gift. Quert (Ceirt) Apple Abundance Fruitful relationships, especially The Lovers in love. Muin Blackberry, Vine or Clematis Clairvoyance (prophesy) Future actions are shaped by the The Wheel (aka Old Man's Beard or wisdom of experience. Travellers Joy) Gort Ivy Persistence or Consider all the options fairly to endurance avoid making a poor choice. Ngetal (Ngeadal, Reed or Broom Family health Take a purposeful journey and Ngeatal,, Getal) do not stray from the path. Straif (Straith) Blackthorn Authority (discipline) Submit to fate and do not take The Emperor on an unwinable fight. Ruis Elder Maturity Reach a conclusion based on Judgement experience. Ailm (Ailim) Elm, Pine or Silver Fir Clarity Put things in perspective and rise Justice above petty concerns.