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Guide De Reconnaissance Des Habitats Forestiers Des Plantes Menacées Ou Vulnérables

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Guide De Reconnaissance Des Habitats Forestiers Des Plantes Menacées Ou Vulnérables Guide de reconnaissance des habitats forestiers des plantes menacées ou vulnérables CÔTE-NORD ET SAGUENAY–LAC-SAINT-JEAN 2009 Équipe de travail Édition : Direction de l’environnement et de la protection des forêts et Direction des communications Coordination : Pierre Petitclerc1 Rédaction : Line Couillard2, N��������orman Dig����nard3, J��acq������ues Lab���recq��ue2 et Pierre Petitclerc Collaboration : Sylvie Champagne1, Sylvie Delisle1, Nancy Dénommée4, Jean Deshaye5 , Suzanne Leblond1, Pierre Martineau6, Andrée Michaud3, Danièle Morin7, Claude Morneau8, V������������incent Piché2 et André Sabourin6 Analyse statistique : Bernard Tardif2 Géomatique : �������������Sophie Benoit2 et Danièle Pouliot1 Source principale des données : Centre de données sur le patrimoine naturel du Québec (CDPNQ)2 Révision linguistique : Pierre Bélanger3 et Sylvie Bourassa3 Révision scientifique : Jacques Cayouette9 et Pierre Grondin3 Photographes : Susan Aiken (Musée canadien de la nature), Rodolph Balej, ���������������Line Couillard, J������ean Gag��������������������������������non et Raymonde Pomerleau ����������(ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement et des Parcs), Frédéric Coursol (consultant en botanique), Nancy Dénommée (Parcs Canada), Norman Dignard, J��acques���������������������������� Duval, Claude Morneau et Pierre Petitclerc �����������������������������������������������������(ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune), Emmet Judziewicz (University of Wisconsin Stevens Point), Ben Legler (University of Washington Herbarium), Scott A. Milburn (Midwest Natural Resources Inc.), Éric Savard (Sépaq Anticosti), Shu Suehiro (Jardin botanique du Japon), Mark Turner (Turner Photographics) 1 Direction de l’environnement et de la protection des forêts, ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune 2 Direction du patrimoine écologique et des parcs, ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement et des Parcs 3 Direction de la recherche forestière, ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune 4 Réserve de parc national du Canada de l’Archipel-de-Mingan, Parcs Canada 5 Botaniste consultant, Génivar 6 Botaniste consultant 7 Unité de gestion Sept-Îles–Havre-Saint-Pierre–Anticosti, ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune 8 Direction des inventaires forestiers, ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune 9 Centre de recherche sur les céréales et oléagineux, Agriculture et agroalimentaire Canada II CÔTE-NORD ET GUIDE DE RECONNAISSANCE DES HABITATS FORESTIERS SAGuenay–LAC-SAINT-JEAN DES PLANTES MENACÉES OU VULNÉRABLES Équipe de travail Photos (couverture) : Line Couillard, gauche, Pierre Petitclerc, haut droit, Norman Dignard, bas droit Illustrations : Carex glacialis et C. sychnocephala (illustrations tirées de Mackenzie 1940), Geum macrophyllum var. perincisum (illustrations tirées de Hitchcock et al. 1961, avec permission), Potamogeton pusillus subsp. gemmiparus (illustrations tirées de Britton et Brown 1913) Graphisme et montage : Diane Côté1 Impression : K2 impressions Citation recommandée : DIGNARD, N., P. PETITCLERC, J. LABRECQUE et L. COUILLARD, 2009. Guide de reconnaissance des habitats forestiers des plantes menacées ou vulnérables. Côte-Nord et Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune et ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement et des Parcs, 144 p. Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune Direction des communications 5700, 4e Avenue Ouest, bureau C-409 Québec (Québec) G1H 6R1 Téléphone : 418 627-8600 ou 1 866 CITOYEN (1 866 248-6936) Télécopieur : 418 643-0720 Courriel : [email protected] Site Internet : www.mrnf.gouv.qc.ca ©Gouvernement du Québec Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune, 2009 Dépôt légal – Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec, 2009 ISBN : 978-2-551-23799-9 (version imprimée) ISBN : 978-2-550-55920-7 (version PDF) Code de diffusion : 2009-3015 Ce document, à tirage limité, peut aussi être consulté en format PDF dans le site Internet du Ministère : http://www.mrnf.gouv.qc.ca/forets/connaissances/ connaissances-activites-diversite.jsp GUIDE DE RECONNAISSANCE DES HABITATS FORESTIERS CÔTE-NORD ET III DES PLANTES MENACÉES OU VULNÉRABLES SAGuenay–LAC-SAINT-JEAN Note au lecteur Ce guide de reconnaissance des habitats forestiers des plantes menacées ou vulnérables couvre deux régions administratives : Côte-Nord et Saguenay– Lac-Saint-Jean. De façon générale, l’expression « plantes menacées ou vulnérables1 » se réfère à la fois aux espèces désignées menacées ou vulnérables en vertu de la Loi sur les espèces menacées ou vulnérables ainsi qu’aux espèces qui sont susceptibles de l’être selon la liste publiée dans la Gazette officielle du Québec. Ce guide, qui s’adresse principalement aux intervenants forestiers, a été réalisé dans le cadre d’une entente administrative conclue entre le ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune (MRNF) et le ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement et des Parcs (MDDEP) responsable de la gestion de la flore menacée ou vulnérable du Québec. Par cette entente, ces deux ministères se sont engagés à travailler de concert pour que des mesures de protection soient appliquées à l’égard des sites forestiers où vivent des plantes menacées ou vulnérables, et ce, dans les limites des pouvoirs et des responsabilités qui leur sont conférés. 1 Une espèce est dite menacée lorsque sa disparition est appréhendée. Une espèce est dite vulnérable lorsque sa survie est précaire même si sa disparition n’est pas appréhendée. GUIDE DE RECONNAISSANCE DES HABITATS FORESTIERS CÔTE-NORD ET V DES PLANTES MENACÉES OU VULNÉRABLES SAGuenay–LAC-SAINT-JEAN Table des matières Introduction ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������.............................................................................................................................. 1 1. Le territoire ........................................................................................................................... 3 Le contexte écologique ...................................................................................................... 3 Le domaine de la sapinière à bouleau jaune .............................................................. 3 Le domaine de la sapinière à bouleau blanc .............................................................. 6 Le domaine de la pessière noire à mousses ............................................................. 10 Le domaine de la pessière noire à lichens ................................................................. 12 La flore menacée ou vulnérable �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������.................................................................................. 13 « Fille de l’eau et fille du feu » ......................................................................................... 13 Une flore particulière liée au calcaire .......................................................................... 14 Une répartition sporadique pour les autres éléments ......................................... 17 Les espèces associées aux milieux forestiers ........................................................... 18 Les mesures de protection .............................................................................................. 20 2. Les groupes d’espèces ............................................................................................... 21 Groupe I : plantes forestières menacées ou vulnérables à risque élevé .................... 21 Groupe II : plantes non forestières menacées ou vulnérables à risque .................. 21 Groupe III : plantes menacées ou vulnérables non à risque .................................. 23 3. Reconnaissance des habitats forestiers des espèces du groupe I ...... 25 4. Protection des habitats ............................................................................................... 35 5. Fiches d’identification des espèces des groupes I et II .............................. 36 Glossaire ................................................................................................................................. 120 Références ............................................................................................................................. 130 Annexes .................................................................................................................................. 139 Annexe A. Liste des plantes menacées ou vulnérables des régions de la Côte-Nord et du Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean ........................................... 140 Annexe B. Habitat floristique et écosystème forestier exceptionnel (catégorie refuge d’espèces menacées ou vulnérables) désignés dans les régions de la Côte-Nord et du Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean ............................................................................. 142 Annexe C. Signification des codes utilisés dans les tableaux 4 et 5 .................... 143 GUIDE DE RECONNAISSANCE DES HABITATS FORESTIERS CÔTE-NORD ET VII DES PLANTES MENACÉES OU VULNÉRABLES SAGuenay–LAC-SAINT-JEAN Introduction Le maintien de la diversité des espèces témoigne de la santé des écosystèmes et de leur bon fonctionnement. C’est de ce constat qu’a progressivement émergé le concept d’aménagement durable des forêts, dans lequel la préservation de la biodiversité, y compris celle des espèces en danger, occupe une place importante.
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