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Terrestrial Vascular Plant Monitoring Project for the Lower Athabasca (2012-2016)

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Terrestrial Vascular Plant Monitoring Project for the Lower Athabasca (2012-2016) ect Title Terrestrial Vascular Plant Monitoring Project for the Lower Athabasca (2012-2016) Scott E. Nielsen1, Jacqueline Dennett1, Catherine Denny1, Monica Kohler2, & Dan Farr2,3 1 Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta 2 Application Center, Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute 3 Environmental Monitoring and Science Division, Government of Alberta i Preface Terrestrial Vascular Plant Monitoring Project for the Lower Athabasca (2012 - 2016) The following report is comprised of seven chapters related to the Terrestrial Vascular Plant Monitoring Project for the Lower Athabasca, formerly known as the Ecological Monitoring Committee for the Lower Athabasca (EMCLA) Rare Plants Project. This project is the result of a collaborative effort between Dr. Scott E. Nielsen (Applied Conservation Ecology Lab, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta) and Monica Kohler and Dr. Dan Farr at the Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute’s Application Center. The project began in 2012 and is ongoing. This project was initially funded through the Ecological Monitoring Committee for the Lower Athabasca (EMCLA) (2012). Funding underwent several changes in governance, including the Joint Oil Sands Monitoring (JOSM) initiative from 2013-2014, and the Alberta Environmental Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting Agency (AEMERA) in 2015. Current funding is received through the Environmental Monitoring and Science Division (ESMD) of Alberta Environment and Parks, a division of the Government of Alberta. Ducks Unlimited provided in-kind support throughout the entirety of the project by making available their Enhanced Wetland Classification for the Lower Athabasca. Further funding was obtained through Natural Sciences Engineering and Research Council (NSERC) Canadian Graduate Scholarships – Masters (CGS-M) and Collaborative Research and Development grants and through the Alberta Conservation Association Grants in Biodiversity. To cite this report in its entirety please use; Nielsen, SE., Dennett, J., Denny, C., Kohler, M. & Farr, D. (2017) Terrestrial Vascular Plant Monitoring Project for the Lower Athabasca (2012-2016). 166 pages. Please cite chapters independently using the following format. Chapter 5 is shown here as an example; Dennett, J., Gould, SJ., MacDonald, SE. & Nielsen, SE. (2017) Experimental detectability trials using decoy species. Pages 56-68, in Nielsen et al., Terrestrial Vascular Plant Monitoring Project for the Lower Athabasca (2012 - 2016). and in text as; Dennett et al. 2017 i Table of Contents CHAPTER 1.0: Species richness, rare plant status, rare plant distribution, and sampling in the Lower Athabasca Region ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Methods................................................................................................................................. 2 Study area................................................................................................................................ 2 Site selection and plot establishment ...................................................................................... 3 Ecosite classification at survey plots ...................................................................................... 4 Plant survey methods .............................................................................................................. 4 1.4 Results ................................................................................................................................... 5 Vascular plant species richness ............................................................................................... 5 Plant species rarity and changes in Conservation Status Ranks ............................................. 6 1.5 Discussion ........................................................................................................................... 13 CHAPTER 2.0: Landscape patterns of rare vascular plants in the Lower Athabasca region of Alberta, Canada............................................................................................................................. 14 2.1 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 14 2.2 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 14 2.3 Methods............................................................................................................................... 15 Study area, field plots, and definitions of rarity.................................................................... 15 Landscape predictors of rare plant habitats .......................................................................... 18 Models of rare plant habitats................................................................................................. 19 2.4 Results ................................................................................................................................. 20 Rare plant habitat (S1 & S2 ranking, 2012-2014) ................................................................ 20 Rare plant habitat (S1 & S2 ranking, 2015-current) ............................................................. 24 2.5 Discussion ........................................................................................................................... 26 Implications for management and conservation ................................................................... 27 CHAPTER 3.0: Using airborne laser scanning to predict plant species richness and assess conservation threats in the oil sands region of Alberta’s boreal forest ......................................... 28 3.1 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 28 3.2 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 28 3.3 Methods............................................................................................................................... 30 ii Study area.............................................................................................................................. 30 Plot data ................................................................................................................................ 30 Airborne laser scanning metrics and environmental variables ............................................. 31 Relationships between plant biodiversity hotspots, oil sands, and woodland caribou ......... 32 Statistical analysis ................................................................................................................. 33 3.4 Results ................................................................................................................................. 34 Results of univariate responses in plant richness .................................................................. 34 Results of multivariate simultaneous autoregressive models of plant richness .................... 35 Relationships between plant biodiversity hotspots, oil sands, and woodland caribou ......... 39 3.5 Discussion ........................................................................................................................... 42 Implications for management ............................................................................................... 45 CHAPTER 4.0: Observer error in vascular plant surveys: evaluating pseudoturnover and the number of missed species ............................................................................................................. 46 4.1 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 46 4.2 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 46 4.3 Methods............................................................................................................................... 47 Repeat survey dataset ............................................................................................................ 47 Calculation of observer error metrics ................................................................................... 48 Model development .............................................................................................................. 48 4.4 Results ................................................................................................................................. 48 Pseudoturnover ..................................................................................................................... 48 Models for pseudoturnover ................................................................................................... 50 Number of species missed .................................................................................................... 51 Models for the number of species missed ............................................................................
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