Congressional Record—Senate S527
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Development, Sustainability, and the Deforestation of Samoa
DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABILITY, AND THE DEFORESTATION OF SAMOA Paul Shankman University of Colorado–Boulder The forests of Samoa (formerly Western Samoa) are rapidly disappearing. This article reviews the history of Samoan deforestation, particularly during the last four decades, in the context of ideas about development and sustainability. It also examines the role of village agriculturalists in the process of deforestation. Recent economic, technological, and organizational changes have increased vil- lage agricultural expansion and, consequently, deforestation. More than twenty-five years ago, as the world was becoming aware of the planet’s vanishing resources, Natural History published an article on the demise of the rainforests of Samoa and the role of an American lumber company—the Potlatch Corporation—in harvesting the hardwood stands of its islands (Shankman 1975). The article was critical of the corporation, and Potlatch was given the opportunity to respond. A corporate vice president assured readers of Natural History that conservation of forests was an im- portant concern and that Samoans themselves were ultimately responsible for developing the resources of their country. At that time not much was known about rainforests or multinationals. Anthropologists did not usually study these things. Concepts like “sustain- ability” and “the global economy” were still in their infancy. In the last two decades there has been much conceptual and theoretical progress as well as a great deal of actual research on tropical rainforests. But what has happened to the forests of Samoa?1 Have they been developed in ways that have helped the Samoan people? Have they been a sustainable resource? Did Samoans become effective forest resource managers as the Potlatch vice president Pacific Studies, Vol. -
Biodiversity: the Orw Ld of Life Charles H
Western Kentucky University TopSCHOLAR® DLPS Faculty Publications Library Public Services 5-2001 Biodiversity: The orW ld of Life Charles H. Smith Western Kentucky University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/dlps_fac_pub Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Higher Education Commons, and the Library and Information Science Commons Recommended Citation Charles H. Smith, "Biodiversity: The orldW of Life" (May 2001). Choice 38(9): 1565-1580. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by TopSCHOLAR®. It has been accepted for inclusion in DLPS Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of TopSCHOLAR®. For more information, please contact [email protected]. I BIBLIOGRAPHIC ESSAY The World of Life: Biodiversity Studies BY CHARLES SMITH multifarious ecosystems of the world. The key to effective analysis ofbio the literature on the former, concerned as diversity is the precise definition of it is with the basic description of millions Introduction each level oforganization when it is of species of animals and plants-not to being addressed. mention suborganismallevels of organiza tion and communities, ecosystems, and Wbat i.J bioiJiverJity? This definition may strike some ob the biosphere as a whole-would exist ( and servers as being just the slightest bit vague, did exist) independent of the recent bio or some 15 years the public at least to the extent that it fails to explain diversity movement. Practically every state has witnessed a sustained world how the concept is related to the various in the nation is represented by at least one Fwide movement that concerns natural studies that make it up, and that monographic study of its resident mam itself with understanding the in fact have existed as independently con mals, as are many individual species of mam natural diversity oflife, and how such di ceived lines of research for more than a mals (and even particular mammals from versity can be conserved. -
2016 CENSUS Brief No.1
P O BOX 1151 TELEPHONE: (685)62000/21373 LEVEL 1 & 2 FMFM II, Matagialalua FAX No: (685)24675 GOVERNMENT BUILDING Email: [email protected] APIA Website: www.sbs.gov.ws SAMOA 2016 CENSUS Brief No.1 Revised version Population Snapshot and Household Highlights 30th October 2017 1 | P a g e Foreword This publication is the first of a series of Census 2016 Brief reports to be published from the dataset version 1, of the Population and Housing Census, 2016. It provides a snapshot of the information collected from the Population Questionnaire and some highlights of the Housing Questionnaire. It also provides the final count of the population of Samoa in November 7th 2016 by statistical regions, political districts and villages. Over the past censuses, the Samoa Bureau of Statistics has compiled a standard analytical report that users and mainly students find it complex and too technical for their purposes. We have changed our approach in the 2016 census by compiling smaller reports (Census Brief reports) to be released on a quarterly basis with emphasis on different areas of Samoa’s development as well as demands from users. In doing that, we look forward to working more collaboratively with our stakeholders and technical partners in compiling relevant, focused and more user friendly statistical brief reports for planning, policy-making and program interventions. At the same time, the Bureau is giving the public the opportunity to select their own data of interest from the census database for printing rather than the Bureau printing numerous tabulations which mostly remain unused. -
Will Tribal Knowledge Survive the Millennium?
Science -- Cox 287 (5450): 44 Página 1 de 5 Institution: BIBLIOTECA UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA | Sign In as Individual | FAQ | Access Rights | Join AAAS Also see the archival list of the Essays on Science and Summary of this Article Society. dEbates: Submit a response to this article ESSAY ON SCIENCE AND SOCIETY: Published dEbates for this Will Tribal Knowledge Survive the article Millennium? Download to Citation Paul Alan Cox* Manager Alert me when: new articles cite this Paul Alan Cox is the article Director of the National Tropical Botanical Search for similar articles Garden in Hawaii and in: Florida and the King Science Online Carl XVI Professor at PubMed the Swedish Search Medline for articles Biodiversity Center. He by: shared the Goldman Cox, P. A. Environmental Prize for Search for citing articles conservation work in: related in his book ISI Web of Science (11) Nafanua: Saving the HighWire Press Journals Samoan Rain Forest (Freeman, New York, 1999). This article appears in the following Subject CREDIT: ALLAN BURCH Collections: Essays As we begin a new millennium and contemplate how our current understandings might be evaluated in 1000 years, it may be useful to look backward. What pieces of knowledge do we treasure that come from 1000 years ago? Accounts from the end of the last millennium herald innovations like the metal plow but were imbued with folk knowledge from an era when trolls, fairies, and personifications of the elements, such as Jack Frost, were thought to play important roles in determining the course of human life. A bit broader glance at the past might unearth the mathematical work of Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci who introduced Western culture to the concept of zero, a decimal positional system of numerals far different from the Roman numerals then in use, and the beginnings of linear algebra. -
Island Update Spring/Summer 2016 • VOL
Island Update Spring/summer 2016 • VOL. 18, NO. 1 SEACOLOGY Protecting the unique habitats and cultures of islands worldwide IN THIS ISSUE Letter from the Chair ..........2 Save an Acre: Indonesia ......3 Project Updates .............. 4-5 New Projects .......................6 In Memory ...........................6 Seacology Supporters.........7 New Personnel ....................7 Save The Date On October 6, Seacology staff, Board members, and supporters Sri Lanka’s will gather in our hometown of Berkeley, California for the 25th mangroves Seacology Prize Ceremony, where we will honor an indigenous islander for outstanding one year into our historic environmental leadership. The 2016 winner will be revealed in conservation partnership July, so check seacology.org/ prize for the announcement and hat a year it has been! Last May, Seacology to RSVP for the free event. launched our largest-ever project: protecting all Wof the mangrove forests in the nation of Sri Lanka. In the year since, we’ve seen stunning progress in this effort to help Sri Lanka meet this historic achievement. Your Place in History We’re extending a special offer For an organization our size, it was a daunting goal—our to supporters of the Sri Lanka first initiative on a national scale and our first multimillion- Mangrove Conservation Project. dollar project. But thanks to the generosity of our Everyone who contributes supporters, the commitment of our staff and Board of US$500 or more to the effort Directors, and the know-how and effectiveness of our by June 30 will be recognized partners in Sri Lanka, we’re happy to report that this work Sri Lankan women greet Seacology and Sudeesa personnel in on a plaque to be unveiled at is now both well under way and almost fully funded! March. -
Paul Cox, Ph.D. Ethnobotanist, Scientific Advisor
PAUL COX, PH.D. ETHNOBOTANIST, SCIENTIFIC ADVISOR Time Magazine previously honored Dr. Cox as one of 11 “Heroes of Medicine” for his ongoing search for new medicines and plants. It is rare for a scientist to be renowned in both indigenous and western cultures. Throughout the islands of Polynesia and Southeast Asia, Dr. Paul Alan Cox is known as “Nafanua.” “Nafanua” is one of the highest chief titles of Samoa, conferred upon Cox in 1989 by the DEGREES AND AWARDS: Samoan people for his diligence and work in rain forest preservation. Cox is also known as • Undergraduate degree in one of the world’s top ethnobotanists—scientists who study the use of plants by indigenous botany and philosophy from people. Brigham Young University, graduating Summa Cum As an expert in the field of ethnobotany, Cox has served as a professor and Dean at Brigham Laude and class valedictorian Young University, and is currently Distinguished Professor at BYU–Hawaii. He has also held • M.S. in ecology at the visiting professorships at the University of Melbourne, Uppsala University and at Umeå University of Wales as a University; and was honored by King Gustav and Queen Sylvia of Sweden, who invited him Fullbright Fellow to present a command lecture in Stockholm. He was later invited to serve as the first King • Ph.D. from Harvard • National Science Foundation Carl XVI Gustaf Professor of Environmental Science, a gift from the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences for the King’s 50th birthday. From 1998 through 2004 he served as Director of Presidential Young Investigator Award by the Congressionally-chartered National Tropical Botanical Garden in Hawaii and Florida. -
Vol. 10 No. 1 Pacific Studies
PACIFIC STUDIES a journal devoted to the study of the Pacific— its islands and adjacent countries NOVEMBER 1986 Anthropology Archaeology Art History Ethnomusicology Folklore Geography History Sociolinguistics Political Science Sociology Published by THE INSTITUTE FOR POLYNESIAN STUDIES (Brigham Young University—Hawaii Campus) EDITORIAL BOARD Fergus Clunie Fiji Museum Paul Alan Cox Brigham Young University Roger Green University of Auckland Renée Heyum University of Hawaii Francis X. Hezel, S. J. Micronesian Seminar Rubellite Johnson University of Hawaii Adrienne Kaeppler Smithsonian Institution Robert Kiste University of Hawaii Robert Langdon Australian National University Ioane LeMamea Pacific Islanders’ Educational Research Center, N. Z. Stephen Levine Victoria University Katharine Luomala University of Hawaii Barrie Macdonald Massey University Cluny Macpherson University of Auckland Leonard Mason University of Hawaii Malama Meleisea University of the South Pacific Norman Meller University of Hawaii Richard M. Moyle University of Auckland Cohn Newbury Oxford University Douglas Oliver University of Hawaii Margaret Orbell Canterbury University Nancy Pollock Victoria University Karl Rensch Australian National University Bradd Shore Emory University Yosihiko Sinoto Bishop Museum William Tagupa Office of Hawaiian Affairs Francisco Orrego Vicuña Universidad de Chile Tuaopepe Felix Wendt University of the South Pacific Edward Wolfers Macquarie University PACIFIC STUDIES Editor DALE B. ROBERTSON Associate Editor Associate Editor GLORIA L. CRONIN R. LANIER BRITSCH Book Review Editor MAX E. STANTON Editorial Policy Pacific Studies is published three times each year by The Institute for Polynesian Studies, Brigham Young University—Hawaii Campus, Laie, Hawaii, 96762, but responsibility for opinions expressed in the articles rests with the authors alone. Subscription rate is U.S. $20.00. -
Strict Embargo: Tuesday 26 July 2016 (04.01 GMT/12.01Am EDT)
Media Contacts: Simon Forrester +44 (0)7932 755515 [email protected] Rachel Thackray +44 (0)7973 618304 [email protected] Strict embargo: Tuesday 26 July 2016 (04.01 GMT/12.01am EDT) Leading the fight against climate change: Pioneering Sri Lanka Mangrove protection programme marks World Mangrove Day with big successes President of Sri Lanka to open world’s first mangrove museum 26 July 2016, World Mangrove Day: A year into a groundbreaking program to protect all mangroves in Sri Lanka—and just in time for World Mangrove Day—the forests are being mapped and protected, and women and youth are receiving microloans and job training. And as mangroves, which sequester much more carbon than other types of forests, emerge as a key weapon in the fight against climate change, the program is poised to become a model for other countries worldwide. Funding for the program is now secure, as island conservation organisation Seacology announced it had achieved its target of raising $3.4 million for the five-year project, which will enable Sri Lanka to become the first country in the world to protect all of its mangrove forests. The funding is part of a pioneering partnership among Seacology, the Sri Lankan government, and local NGO Sudeesa, who hope the project will be a model for mangrove forest conservation around the world. The project combines legal protection, education, and conservation on the ground, whilst supporting sustainable economic development for Sri Lanka’s coastal communities. “Mangroves swiftly absorb carbon dioxide and inject oxygen into the atmosphere, maintaining an ecological balance that is vital for the environment. -
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The Ethnobotanical Approach to Drug Discovery Medicinal plants discovered by traditional societies are proving to be an important source of potentially therapeutic drugs by Paul Alan Cox and Michael J. Balick n 1785 William Withering, a British A decade ago this story would proba- 25 percent of all prescriptions issued physician, reported that ingestion bly have been regarded as nothing more every year in North America. Many of I of dried leaves from the foxglove than a historical anecdote, of little rele- these agents are now synthesized in the plant eased dropsy, an accumulation of vance to contemporary drug discovery. laboratory, but others are still isolated ßuid now known to be caused by the By the mid-1980s most pharmaceutical from plants. Most were discovered by heartÕs failure to pump adequately. With- manufacturers had abandoned explor- studying indigenous uses of plants. ering credited an unexpected source for ing folk uses of plants in their search his information. ÒI was told,Ó he wrote, for new drugs. Now, however, the pen- or instance, the drug reserpine, that this use of foxglove (a member of dulum is beginning to swing back to- which is still occasionally pre- the genus Digitalis) Òhad long been kept ward an appreciation that plants used F scribed in the U.S. for hyperten- a secret by an old woman in Shrop- in traditional medicine can serve as a sion, was isolated from the root of the shire, who had sometimes made cures source of novel therapeutic agents. climbing shrub RauvolÞa serpentina (In- after the more regular practitioners Such appreciation has emerged in dian snakeroot) after scientists began had failed.Ó part because of recent discoveries made analyzing Ayurvedic remediesÑthe tra- Digitalis has been helping cardiac pa- by a small but growing group of ethno- ditional treatments used by the peoples tients ever since. -
The Parables of a Samoan Divine
THE PARABLES OF A SAMOAN DIVINE An Analysis of Samoan Texts of the 1860’s By Leulu F. Va’a A thesis submitted for the degTee of Master of Arts at the Australian National University. February 1987 1 Table of Contents Declaration iii Acknowledgements iv Abstract v 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. The Nature of Hermeneutics 2 1.2. Historical Distance and Interpretation 3 1.3. Explanation and Understanding 4 1.4. Application of Hermeneutics 6 1.5. The Problem of Meaning 8 1.6. The Hymn Book 10 1.7. The Penisimani Manuscripts 12 1.8. The Thesis 17 2. Traditional Samoan Society 18 2.1. Political Organisation 26 2.2. Economic Organisation 29 2.3. Religious Organisation 31 3. The Coming of the Missionaries 39 3.1. Formation of the LMS 40 3.2. The Society’s Missionaries 41 3.3. Early Christian Influences 43 3.4. John Williams 45 3.5. Missionaries in Samoa 47 3.6. The Native Teachers 48 3.7. Reasons for Evangelical Success 51 3.8. Aftermath 54 4. The Folktales of Penisimani 57 4.1. Tala As Myths 57 4.2. Pemsimani’s Writings 59 4.3. Summary 71 5. The Parables of Penisimani 72 5.1. Leenhardt and Myth 73 5.2. Summary 86 6. The Words of Penisimani 87 6.1. The Power of the Word 88 6.2. Summary IOC 7. Myth, Parable and Signification 101 7.1. The Components of the Parable 102 7.1.1. The Cultural Element 103 7.1.2. The Christian Message 104 7.2. -
Global Fund for Coral Reefs Investment Plan 2021 – Annexes
Global Fund for Coral Reefs Investment Plan 2021 – Annexes Annex 1 GFCR Theory of Change Outcomes and potential outputs ...................................................... 1 Annex 2 Coral Reefs, Climate Change and Communities: Prioritising Action to Save the World’s Most Vulnerable Global Ecosystem ..................................................................................................................... 2 Annex 3 Countries included in the GCF Proposal ................................................................................ 16 Annex 4 Request for Information Results ........................................................................................... 17 Annex 5 Potential Focal Areas ............................................................................................................. 34 Annex 6 RFI Questions ........................................................................................................................ 36 Annex 7 Country Profiles..................................................................................................................... 57 Annex 8 GFCR Country Data Table Description ................................................................................. 140 Annex 9 GFCRs Partnerships ............................................................................................................. 145 Annex 10 Key Financial Intermediaries and Platforms ........................................................................ 157 Annex 11 GFCR – Pipeline Scoping Analysis -
The Nu Skin Force for Good Foundation®, a 501(C)(3) Non-Profit Organisation in the United States
MAKING A WORLD OF DIFFERENCE WHAT IS ETHNOBOTANY? Ethnobotany is the study of how indigenous people use plants. Unlike other botanical sciences, ethnobotany’s emphasis is on traditional usage of plants, both historically and in modern times. Strengthened by empirical evidence, ethnobotanical research is a streamlined way of locating plants that offer an added value. Indigenous people are traditionally recognised for their botanical solutions to health and beauty concerns. To learn the insights that have withstood the test of time, Nu Skin® partners with highly Epoch® and The Nu Skin recognised ethnobotanists. The sacred knowledge (passed down from generation to generation) shared with these scientists is ® embraced in the Epoch® product line. Formulated with botanical Force for Good Foundation ingredients, Epoch® products respond to specific skin care needs in a comforting way. HISTORY The original force for good campaign was introduced in conjunction with the Nu Skin® Epoch® product line in 1996. This unique brand of skin and hair care products was developed in partnership with highly recognised ethnobotanists - scientists who study the relationship between plants and indigenous cultures. A donation of US$0.25 from the sale of each Epoch® product was directed to preserve the environments, languages, lifestyles and traditions of indigenous people around the world. To develop the Epoch® product line, Nu Skin® partnered with highly recognised ethnobotanists - scientists Two years later, Nu Skin® decided to formalise its giving with the creation of the Nu Skin Force for Good Foundation®, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organisation in the United States. From its first project to support the who study the powerful relationship between plants and indigenous cultures throughout the ages.