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Cosa Nostra V USA) Vysoká škola regionálního rozvoje a Bankovní institut - AMBIS Regionální rozvoj REGULACE NÁSILNÝCH NESTÁTNÍCH AKTÉRŮ V MEZINÁRODNÍM SYSTÉMU:PROBLÉMY A PERSPEKTIVY (Cosa Nostra v USA) Bakalářská práce Autor: Jan Vokněr Bezpečnostní management v regionech Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Zdeněk Ludvík, PhD. Praha 2019 Prohlášení: Prohlašuji, že jsem bakalářskou práci zpracoval samostatně a v seznamu uvedl veškerou použitou literaturu. Svým podpisem stvrzuji, že odevzdaná elektronická podoba práce je identická s její tištěnou verzí, a jsem seznámen se skutečností, že se práce bude archivovat v knihovně VŠ AMBIS a dále bude zpřístupněna třetím osobám prostřednictvím interní databáze elektronických vysokoškolských prací. V Praze, dne 30. 6. 2019 Jan Vokněr Poděkování: Rád bych poděkoval panu PhDr. Zdeňku Ludvíkovi, Ph.D. za cenné rady a připomínky poskytnuté před a během zpracování této práce. Velký dík patří také mé rodině za velkou trpělivost a podporu při mém studiu. Jan Vokněr ANOTACE A KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA Abstrakt: Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá problematikou organizovaného zločinu, přesněji řečeno Cosa Nostrou v USA. Je zde popsána historie, vznik, tradice, vztahové vazby mafie jako uceleného tajného společenství na Sicílii a její přesun do USA koncem 19. století. V práci jsou popsány principy chování mafie a její důsledky na široké okolí v rozdílných časových souvislostech. Práce je rozdělena na teoretickou a praktickou část, teoretická část je naplněna informačním minimem o problematice k vytvoření si bližšího náhledu. V praktické části se věnuji analyzování získaných informací z knižních zdrojů. Součástí práce je i nastínění hlavních úseků v časové ose, ve kterých se podařilo regulátorům tohoto nestátního aktéra o dočasnou či úplnou eliminaci nezákonných aktivit mafie. Práce je doplněna o vlastní názor či doporučení autora, jak by do budoucna měla být tato problematika řešena. Pro lepší názornost a také proto, aby čtenář dokázal lépe řešenou problematiku zasadit do časových souvislostí, je text práce doplněn obrázky. Klíčová slova CZ: Cosa Nostra, mafie, omertà, don, kmotr, pizzo, muži cti Abstract: This thesis focuses on the organized crime, exactly on Cosa Nostra in the US. The history, birth, tradition, relationship of mafia as a complete secret community on Sicilia and her transfer to the US at the end of 19 century is described here. In the thesis, there are described the principles of mafia behaviour and her consequences in the general public of the different time context. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts, the theoretical part is full of information minimum of problems to create closer preview. In the practical part, I analyse gained information from literary sources. A part of thesis is outline main section in the time axis, in which regulators proved temporarily or completely eliminate illegal mafia activities of this violent non- state actor. In the thesis, there is added own opinion or the author´s recommendation how it should be solved this problem in the future. For better illustration and also as the reader can better understand the solving problems in time connections, the pictures are added to the thesis. Key words: Cosa Nostra, mafia, omertà, don, godfather, pizzo, man of honor OBSAH ÚVOD ..................................................................................................................... 6 1 NESTÁTNÍ AKTÉŘI .................................................................................... 10 1.1 Globální vládnutí .................................................................................... 10 1.2 Mafie jako násilný nestátní aktér ........................................................... 12 2 ZROD MAFIE ............................................................................................... 13 2.1 Historie Sicílie do sjednocení Itálie ....................................................... 13 2.2 Vznik mafie po sjednocení Itálie ............................................................ 15 2.2.1 Cavalleria rusticana (Sedlák kavalír) ...................................................... 16 2.3 Počátky mafie a význam tohoto slova .................................................... 18 2.3.1 Baron Turrisi Colonna a „Sekta“ ............................................................ 20 2.3.2 Leopoldo Franchetti a Sidney Sonnino................................................... 21 2.3.3 Zpráva Ermanna Sangiorgiho ................................................................. 23 3 MAFIE SE USAZUJE V USA ...................................................................... 25 3.1 Americké gangy v 19. století.................................................................. 25 3.2 Černá ruka „La Mano Nera“ .................................................................. 28 3.3 Zasvěcení do Cosa Nostry ...................................................................... 30 3.4 Chování a slang mafie ............................................................................ 32 3.5 Cosa Nostra ve 20. století ....................................................................... 37 4 REGULÁTOŘI TOHOTO NESTÁTNÍHO AKTÉRA ................................. 47 4.1 Joseph Petrosino ..................................................................................... 47 4.2 Arthur Woods ......................................................................................... 49 4.3 John Edgar Hoover ................................................................................. 50 4.4 Joseph D. Pistone alias Donnie Brasco .................................................. 51 4.4.1 Zákon RICO ............................................................................................ 52 4.5 Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa, Giovanni Falcone a Paolo Borselino ........ 54 4.5.1 Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa ..................................................................... 54 4.5.2 Giovanni Falcone .................................................................................... 54 4.5.3 Paolo Borselino ....................................................................................... 55 ZÁVĚR .................................................................................................................. 56 SEZNAM POUŽITÝCH ZDROJŮ....................................................................... 59 OFICIÁLNÍ ZADÁNÍ BAKALÁŘSKÉ PRÁCE ................................................. 62 ÚVOD Ve své bakalářské práci se věnuji jednomu typu organizovaného zločinu, kterým je mafie. Přesněji řečeno, americké mafii Cosa Nostra, která se transferovala z té sicilské ze Sicílie. Toto slovo je dnes velmi známé díky přispění filmového průmyslu, ale vlastně se přesně neví, kde, jak a za jakých okolností vzniklo. Je to až magické slovo, které láká širokou veřejnost a různý zábavní a obchodní průmysl, který toho hojně využívá. Symbolika tohoto slova je v tržní ekonomice používána od prodeje módních triček až po herní průmysl. Díky tomuto fenoménu je slovo mafie, tak jak ho zná tato široká veřejnost, odtrženo od svého základního významu, který nebyl spojován s určitým typem organizovaného zločinu, ale byl velice úzce spjat s určitou společností lidí. Z historických pramenů je známo, že toto společenství nežilo podle zákona tak, jak ho známe nyní, ale podle svých vlastních zákonů a pravidel. Dnes se pojmenovává slovem mafie jakákoli skupina organizovaného zločinu, jako je ruská, japonská, čínská mafie a další, ale tak tomu v minulosti nebylo, protože toto pojmenování patřilo společenství sídlícímu pouze v Itálii na určitých územích či na ostrově Sicílie. Což znamená, že slovo mafie ve skutečnosti patří skupinám organizovaného zločinu, z nichž nejznámější jsou neapolská Camorra, kalábrijská N’drangehta a samozřejmě sicilská Cosa Nostra. Mým zájmem však není jen popsat toto velmi uzavřené společenství a jeho historii, nezákonnou činnost, které má základ v rodině, tradicích a povaze národa, který se dle mého názoru spíše přizpůsobil dané době, a ze své nevýhody udělal jakousi přednost. Přiblížím čtenáři veškeré důležité informace a společenské vazby o tomto společenství a popíši, jakým způsobem se Cosa Nostra transferovala do Spojených států amerických, kde doznala své největší slávy, ale zároveň i své největší prohry. Pro správné pochopení této problematiky je potřeba vysvětlit čtenáři nejprve historii tohoto národa a ostrova, kde žili a žijí tito lidé. Dále společenské a rodinné vazby, které mají svůj základ v bratrstvech a sektách. Tyto skupiny se scházely na utajených schůzkách a obřadech, čímž se stavěly na odpor proti různým mocnostem, které zrovna spravovaly a vládly na Sicílii. Po tomto základním informačním minimu o 6 tomto společenství se zaměřím na zrod Cosa Nostry ve Spojených státech, kde a jak se zrodila, a zvláště, za jakých okolností. Proti jakým gangům musela při svém zrodu bojovat a jak se vedl boj policejního a státního aparátu proti tomuto společenství s takovou historickou a rodinou semknutostí od samého počátku až do dnešní doby. Policejní a celkově státní aparát s různou šířkou působnosti zde hrají roli regulátora nestátního násilného aktéra v mezinárodním měřítku. Proto hlavní myšlenkou této práce je to, zda je státní aparát vůbec schopen regulovat tak velkého a mocného násilného aktéra, jakým Cosa Nostra zajisté je, či byla? Jakými způsoby nabyla Cosa Nostra takové síly, že byla silnější než samotný stát? Existovaly písemné prameny o tomto společenství už v historii, které mohly pomoci ke zničení nebo omezení Cosa Nostry? Jaká je mafie dnes a jaká bude
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