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Water and Cultural Diversity

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Water and Cultural Diversity Third World Water Forum, 16–23 March 2003, Kyoto, Japan Proceedings of the Theme WATER AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY Coordinated by UNESCO/Water Academy, France/ Japan Center for Area Studies - National Museum of Ethnology The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of UNESCO. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. The frontiers and boundaries on maps published in this series do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by UNESCO or the United Nations. Published in 2006by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7, Place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP (France) © UNESCO 2006 INTRODUCTION The present programme outlines the events related to the Theme ‘Water and Cultural Diversity’ for the 3WWF. It is based on the firm belief that: ‘Water is probably the only natural resource to touch all aspects of… civilisation – from agricultural and industrial development to the cultural and religious values embedded in society… and that the need and demand for water… have been a driving force of social, economic and cultural development throughout human society.’ (Koïchiro Matsuura, Director-General of UNESCO, Message for World Water Day 2002) The management of water resources is one of humanity’s most ancient activities and has left its tangible and intangible traces in virtually all cultural settings. As illustrated by the World Summit on Sustainable Development, held in September 2002 in Johannesburg, South Africa, water resource management is today recognized at the highest political level as a key to peaceful and sustainable human development. To create sustainable solutions for water-related problems and account for the needs of peoples and nature, we must better understand cultural – emotional, intellectual, moral, social and spiritual – interactions with water and their evolution in time and space. The cultural diversity of human interaction with water provides the very basis for resolving water related problems and offers an enormous potential for creativity. Understanding why and how diverse beliefs and practices have evolved yields precious lessons for today’s urgent need to move on to a sustainable planetary water culture. The Theme’s Objective The shared objective of the events surrounding this theme is to provide an opportunity for dialogue among experts, practitioners, indigenous peoples and the general public from various disciplines and knowledge systems on the vital cultural functions of water resources and their management. The concept of cultural diversity implies in itself that culture is a universal bond among nations and a motivating force that is the motor of development. The theme therefore strives to contribute to the integration of the cultural dimension of water into development strategies and action plans at all levels and to improve water management. Ultimately through this theme, contributors to 3WWF seek to enhance existing means and to develop novel methods to further sensitize global society for the cultural dimension of this vital resource, water. CONTENTS SESSION 1: OPENING PLENARY 1 Opening Address 3 HRH Prince Talal Bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud of Saudi Arabia Opening Address 7 Jean-Louis Oliver Water and Daily Life 9 Tadao ANDO Okami-no Kami and Kifune Shrine 11 Kazuhiro Takai Message on Behalf of the Indigenous Peoples in the Third World Water Forum 13 Evo Morales Water is Siwlkw (poetry) 17 Jeanette Armstrong Water and Maori People 19 Roimata MINHINNICK on behalf of Ngati Te Ata of Waiohua Waikato, Aotearoa New Zealand The Ramsar Convention and Wetland Cultural Heritage 25 M. J. Viñals; G. Cabrelles; L. Teruel, R. D. Quintana; M. Sánchez; M. Morant Presentation of Floating Sculptures 35 Marta Pan SESSION 2: TRANSLATING THE CULTURAL DIMENSION OF WATER INTO ACTION 37 The Ideas of Water: Core, Concepts and Contexts 39 Terje Tvedt ACCU Programmes on Implementing Water and Environmental Materials for Different Peoples in Indigenous Languages in Asia and the Pacific UNESCO Member States 45 Misako Ohnuki iii Sharing Water: an Educational Programme on Water and Cultural Diversity 47 Francis JosÉ-Maria Method Guide for Water Education Actions: Water Classes and Two Case Studies: Gory (Mali) and Ngaoundere (Cameroon) 49 Claude Salvetti ‘NETWA’— a Pilot-Project: a Computerized Network o n Water Anthropology for Engineering and Cultural Interaction — 51 Claudine Brelet Le fleuve Congo à travers divers fondateurs : l’espoir d’une reconstruction intégrée de l’Afrique 55 Lye MUDABAYOKA(Democratic Republic of Congo) The Cultural Interaction of the Congolese with the River as a Traditional Data Base for International Cooperation 59 Honoré MOBONDA Women and Water in Muslim culture 63 Samia Galal Saad, Mona Shama Water People 69 Jose T. BADELLES Project Hydroscape 71 Masayuki Aizawa Tools for a New Strategy of Water Management 83 Bernadette de Vanssay SESSION 3: WATER MANAGEMENT AND CULTURAL HERITAGE 91 Traditional Practice of Water Management for Fire Prevention in Shirakawa-go and Gujo-hachiman in Gifu, Japan 93 Masami KOBAYASHI Proposal: Environmental Water Supply System (EWSS) for Protection of Cultural Heritage from Earthquake Fire 103 Takeyuki Okubo The Sacred Spaces of a Water Culture:the Temple Tanks of South India 113 Kamya Ramachandran iv Living in a Proto-type Prehistoric Alluvial Environment: Water and the Villagers of Samrong Sen in Kampong Chhnang Province, Central Cambodia 131 Ly Vanna Dams and Cultural Heritage Management: a Strategy for Action 145 Fekri A. Hassan, Steven A. Brandt Zeugma: a Bridge from Past to Present 147 Kaya Yasinok SESSION 4: INDIGENOUS WORLD VIEWS AND SPIRITUALITY 155 The Spiritual World of Water ‘The World View of the Ainu people, oral Traditions from the Ancestors and the Nibutani Dam Decision’ 157 Masanori Toyooka Water and Kooma People 161 Jim Wharton ‘Sanãmahi – Pãkhangba’A Living Relationship of the Meitei with Water 165 Debabrata Roy LAIFUNGBAM Indigenous worldview and spirituality 167 Tom GOLDTOOTH Indigenous Worldview and Spirituality– A Zuni vision – 171 Jim ENOTE A story from Cook Islands – Water and Spirituality – 173 Te Tika Mataiapo – Dorice Reid Traditional water management among the Kankanaey of Besao, Mountain Province, Philippines 175 Eleanor P. DICTAAN-BANG-OA SESSION 5: COMMUNITY LIFE AND WATER MANAGEMENT 183 The ‘Shikoku 88 Watersides’ Blue Island Shikoku, so as to Reveal the Attractiveness of Shikoku Island by the Hidden or Overlooked Watersides 185 Takeo IHARA v Natural and Social Aspects of Vietnamese Water Puppetry 193 Pham Quynh Phuong - Ngo Duc Thinh Restoration Project of the Chikusa River in Cooperation with Local Inhabitants, Government and Scientists 201 Kohji MICHIOKU I Bottini, the Medieval Acqueduct of Siena:the Ancient Water Supplying System Related to the Urban, Social and Economic Development of Siena 213 Roberto Santini, Maurizio Masini Roles and Functions of Water in African Community Life 215 Sibiri BADOUN Reconciling Modern Water Management with the Political Culture of Traditional Societies 221 Alain HENRY SESSION 6: INDIGENOUS WATER VISION AND RIGHTS – A NEW PERSPECTIVE FOR BETTER WATER MANAGEMENT 223 Derechos indígenas y acceso al agua:EL AGUA ES DE TODOS Y ES DE NADIE – La visión andina del agua 225 Leonidas IZA De Porto Alegre a JapónLa defensa del agua tiene rostro indígena 231 Pablo SOLÓN Water laws, water policy and indigenous water rights: the WALIR Programme 233 Rocío BUSTAMANTE Pueblos indígenas, diversidad y regulación social 237 Paulina PALACIOS Touareg semi-nomade dans l’Air massif du nord du Niger 241 Issyad KATO ‘WE ALL CARE’ The Water for Food Movement in Rural South Africa 251 Tshepo KHUMBANE vi The guardians of trees and waterLOS GUARDIANES DEL ARBOL Y EL AGUAE CHAJINEL RECH LE CHE´ RUK LE JA´ 265 Santos Augusto NORATO The Long Road of Safeguarding Water: Critical Issues of Indigenous Governance, Institution Building, and Leadership in the United States of America 277 Manley A. BEGAY, Jr SESSION 7: WRAP-UP PLENARY 279 Water Saving and Cultural Diversity in Environmental Education System of Kids’ ISO 14000 Programme 281 Takaya Kawabe and Miyuki Koyama Closing remarks 285 Jean-Louis OLIVER PRE-FORUM COLLOQUIUM 287 Two World Views; Two Relationships to Water: the Bozo of West Africa 289 Shoichiro TAKEZAWA Water and Cultural Diversity in Nepal 291 Ram Kumar Panday Water Harvesting: The Tanka in the Zoroastrian Homes of Bharuch, India 313 Kavas Kapadia The Cultural Value of Rivers: the Case of the Loire 319 Edih WENGER The Rule of Water: Uncertainty and the Cultural Ecology of Water in South India 327 David Mosse A Study of the Subak System as Indigenous Cultural, Social and Technological System to Establish a Culturally Based Integrated Water Resources Management 335 Sahid Susanto vii Changing Attitudes in a Time of Transition: a Change of Mentality Towards Water Consumption in Post-Soviet Uzbekistan 347 Timur Dadabaev APPENDICES 355 APPENDIX 1: PERFORMANCES AND EXHIBITIONS 357 Music of WaterThe Original Soundscape of Water The Treasure We Hand over to the Next Generation 359 Tsutomu Shibasaki International Children's Paintings on the Environment 363 Photo Exhibition: Four Seasons of Rice Fields in Japan 365 Yagi Yoshimitsu Films Produced by Kyoto Seika University and Kyoto
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