REVISION OF RHODOBAENUS. PART 2. SPECIES IN NORTH AMERICA (CANADA TO PANAMA) (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE, RHYNCHOPHORINAE)
PATRICIA VAURIE
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PATRICIA VAURIE Research Associate, Department ofEntomology American Museum of Natural History
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 171: ARTICLE 2 NEW YORK: 1981 BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume 171, article 2, pages 117-198, figures 1-14, 1 table Issued December 10, 1981 Price: $5.50 a copy
ISSN 0003-0090
Copyright © American Museum of Natural History 1981 CONTENTS Abstract 121...... Introduction...... 121 ...... Acknowledgments ...... 121...... Biology 122 Distribution and Sympatry. .122 Color Dimorphism. .123 Checklist of Species of Rhodobaenus in North America ...... 124...... Systematics ...... 125...... Key to the Species of Rhodobaenus in North America .126 Descriptions of the Species. 132 Appendix: Specimens Examined . 185 Literature Cited. 195 Index of Scientific Names. 197
119
ABSTRACT The 69 species of Rhodobaenus in North Amer- ulatus of Chevrolat, and graphicus Champion, all ica are revised and lectotypes are designated for of auctus Chevrolat. Five taxa listed in the cat- many of Champion's species. Three species (ater- alogues as varieties of tredecimpunctatus (Illiger) rimus, mundus, and octocostatus of Champion) are considered valid species: auctus Chevrolat, are transferred from Sphenophorus to Rhodoba- nigripennis Champion, lebasii (Gyllenhal), quin- enus. Eight new synonyms are recorded: uniden- quepunctatus (Say), and thoracicus (Gyllenhal). tatus Champion of guttatus (Fahraeus); dentifer Seven new species are described: bellus and me- Champion of incertus (Champion); maculipes las, Costa Rica; buchanani, inopinatus, latens, Champion of cinctus (Gyllenhal); niger Champi- mas, and quintus, Mexico. Additional locality on of pulchellus (Gyllenhal); triangularis Cham- records for previously described species are giv- pion of quinquepunctatus (Say); elegans, cornic- en.
INTRODUCTION The present paper is the second and final north. More biological information is known part of a revision of the New World Neo- for the species of North America, although tropical genus Rhodobaenus (two species most of this information is for tredecim- are boreal). In the first part (1980) 29 species punctatus and quinquepunctatus only. of South America were reviewed; in the Over 5000 specimens have been examined, present part the 69 species of North Ameri- including the types of the majority of the ca. (I use North America in the broad sense species, with the exception of the older types as including Canada, the United States, of Illiger, Fabricius, Panzer, and Say, and Mexico, and Central America.) several of Gyllenhal. Lectotypes are desig- Champion ("1909-1910" [1910]) was the nated for Champion's species, generally first author to examine extensively the those specimens with his annotation, "sp. species of Mexico and Central America. His fig." I have not designated allotypes for the admirable treatment, which incorporated new species. For description and history of colored illustrations, a key to small groups, the genus, the first part of the revision should and line drawings has been of great help in be consulted. the identification and classification of the species. I have, however, departed from his ACKNOWLEDGMENTS concept of Rhodobaenus tredecimpuncta- tus. This well-known and abundant United In addition to the acknowledgments made States species (the type of the genus) is not in the first part of the revision (1980), I thank composed of 15 color varieties as stated by Dr. Charles W. O'Brien, Tallahassee, Flori- Champion, but of varieties (and synonyms) da, Dr. Robert H. Turnbow, Jr., University of other species, and of valid species. One of Georgia, Athens, and Robert S. Ander- of the five valid species, quinquepunctatus son, Carleton University, Ottawa, for the (Say), has long been confused in the litera- loan of specimens in their collections; also ture and in collections with tredecimpunc- the University of Georgia through Dr. Cecil tatus, but is distinct from it, as shown later Smith. I am indebted to Dr. Guillermo Kus- (see under the species in the text). chel of Auckland, New Zealand, for his per- The species of North America appear to sonal communications on the difficult tre- be most numerous in central and southern decimpunctatus-quinquepunctatus complex, Mexico, fewer species occurring in the other and for his discovery of a difference in the countries to the south and (three species aedeagus between these two species, as well only) in the United States and Canada to the as between auctus and lebasii. 121 122 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
As before, I thank the Photographic and punctatus common in Indiana from April to the Graphic Arts departments of the Ameri- October "especially in the axils of the leaves can Museum of Natural History for their co- of ironweed (Vernonia), in the stems of operation, and Mrs. Marjorie Favreau for which it is said to breed." Although Say technical help with some of the illustrations. (1824) wrote that tredecimpunctatus in Mis- souri, Arkansas, Northwest Territory, and Pennsylvania was not injurious to any useful BIOLOGY plant, but to milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) The species of Rhodobaenus, as far as on banks near water, I have not found any their biology is known, are not economically mention elsewhere of milkweed as a host important. Although stem borers, they do plant. Carl Mohr (personal commun.) has cut not generally attack stems of plants useful to larvae from holes in Giant Ragweed at the man. Three species, however (guttatus, two- or three- and one-half foot level where quinquepunctatus, and sanguineus) have the stalks showed signs of lumpiness. He been found in the stems or tubers of Dahlia, says that he often found ants in the larval and two (quinquepunctatus, tredecimpunc- burrows, and that stems of infested plants tatus) in sunflowers (Helianthus). In Min- showed faulty growth and scars. In the lit- nesota and North Dakota and perhaps other erature, the Compositae which are said to states, large fields of domestic sunflowers are harbor tredecimpunctatus (or quinquepunc- now grown; in Georgia they are used for a tatus) are joe-pye weed, ragweed, cockle non-cholesterol oil (Carl Mohr, personal bur, burdock, thoroughwort, ironweed, commun.). Such fields are potentially attrac- crown-beard, sunflower, wormwood, ox- tive to species of Rhodobaenus. eye, marsh-elder, leafcup, and rosinweed The life history of the United States (see the species for details). species, R. tredecimpunctatus, as given by Notations on the labels of 15 species state Weiss and Lott (1923) could as well apply to merely that the species was collected on quinquepunctatus as both species are found ''vegetation" or "weeds" or certain plants, together in the eastern and central states, as Verbesina for R. pantherinus, some by and until the present paper were considered sweeping, some at lights at night. Actual to be one species, with quinquepunctatus a breeding data for species other than the two variety in the southern states (actually it is species from the United States are rare; not confined to the south). As both species recorded are guttatus and sanguineus in breed in plants of the family Compositae (in- Dahlia, cinctus in Vernonia, sanguineus in cluding Carduaceae or thistles), probably the Eupatorium, and pustulosus in Zexmenia. life histories are similar. In any case, Weiss Except for guttatus (Mexico only), the other and Lott (loc. cit.) found that in New Jersey two species are widespread throughout Mex- the adults of tredecimpunctatus overwinter ico and Central America. in ironweed (Vernonia) and that "eggs are plentiful in the field during the first two weeks of June .... The adults do consid- DISTRIBUTION AND SYMPATRY erable feeding at this time, puncturing the The greatest concentration of species (50) stems and bases of the leaf petiole which in- occurs in Mexico where 17 species are en- jured places later turn black and become dis- demic. Guatemala, with 31 species, and Cos- torted." The authors describe the egg cavity ta Rica, with 36, account for most of the re- and the larvae; only one larva was found to maining species. The Central American a stem. At the end of August the adults countries of British Honduras, Honduras, emerge. The authors mentioned also Oeno- and El Salvador have not produced many thera of the Evening Primrose family as a records in the past, but recent material col- host plant. lected by L. and C. O'Brien, A. and H. How- Blatchley and Leng (1916) found tredecim- den, and H. Hespenheide has extended the 123 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS ranges of a number of species to these areas. COLOR DIMORPHISM Sixteen species are known from Central Although in most species the black marks America but not from Mexico. The 11 on the red surface of the elytra are uneven species that extend to South America come in outline (not so concise or symmetrical as chiefly from Costa Rica and Panama, which shown in figs. 45-65), they can become very is understandable. Farther north in the large in some species and they spread and United States and Canada, two abundant merge to cover or almost cover the elytra. species (quinquepunctatus and tredecim- The excess of black occurs chiefly on the punctatus) descend sparingly to extreme elytra, rarely on the pronotum. The species northern Mexico, and one (pustulosus) ex- in which this black phase or black form is tends from extreme southwestern United most evident are auctus Chevrolat, bicinc- States to Costa Rica. Two species (auctus, tus Chevrolat, bisignatus Champion, cinc- lebasii) are common in Mexico as well as in tus, lebasii, and pulchellus (Gyllenhal), the countries of Central America. Other quinquepunctatus (Say), and, to a lesser ex- wide-ranging species are deltoides, sangui- tent, mundus (Champion) and rubrovittatus neus, thoracicus, and ypsilon. More than 300 Champion. In these species the black phase specimens each have been seen of auctus, can be found either in the company of red cinctus, quinquepunctatus, sanguineus, and and black forms or in different localities. tredecimpunctatus. Generally, the black forms appear to be less It is evident from the list of specimens ex- numerous than the others. Possibly the dark- amined in the Appendix that the number of ening of the elytra is due to a difference in individuals of a species taken at specific lo- the host plant (Mohr, 1931) or possibly to calities is few, one, or two per locality; rarely excessive humidity at some stage of life. A are there large series. On the other hand, the colleague sent me a specimen described as number of species taken together can be as having distinct black spots, but when it ar- many as 16, probably because they breed in rived in a jar that had contained a moist sub- all kinds of weeds. Champion ("1909-1910" stance (mentholatum?) it was quite black; [1910]) wrote of numerous sympatric species. upon exposure to the air the black between To give an idea of this sympatry, I mention the spots retracted a little revealing the red. the number of species collected in the local- In the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico, entirely ities that follow: black phases of pulchellus and lebasii co-ex- Mexico: Veracruz: Cerro de Plumas (three ist with their respective red and black phases species), Cordoba (10), Fortin de las Flores in the number of 16 black (variety niger) to (six), Jalapa (10), Lake Catemaco (six), Mi- one red for pulchellus, and six black (variety santla (eight), Orizaba (eight), Playa Vicente immaculatus) to four red for lebasii; two (four), Toxpam (12). Oaxaca: Juchatengo black pulchellus have been seen from Gua- (five), Juquila (11), Oaxaca (eight). Chiapas: temala (Coban and Canalitos) as opposed to Sumidero (five), Tapachula (nine). Guerrero: many red and black specimens from the rest Omilteme (four). Jalisco: Guadalajara (four). of the country; one of each phase from Costa Morelos: Cuernavaca (16). Nayarit: Tepic Rica, and three black to 23 red and black (seven). Colima: Volcan (16). Farther south from Colima, Mexico. Five of eight individ- in Guatemala: Cerro Zunil (five), Duefias uals of lebasii from Bugaba, Panama, are (five), El Zapote (10), Panzos (five), Purula black. Black specimens (but with humerus (five), San Jeronimo (seven), Yepocapa and pronotum partially red) of bicinctus (eight); in Costa Rica: Monteverde (eight), on the island of Trinidad in Panama: Cerro Campana have been found Turrialba (13); (eight from four localities), and eight of each (seven), Madden Forest (four); in the state Mexico, Nicaragua (six). There are phase from Honduras. In Oaxaca, of Chontales, from Juquila are red many additional localities with two or three specimens of bisignatus sympatric species. and black; four from Temascal are almost 124 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171 entirely black, as are three from Turrialba, only in Iowa and in six southeastern states, Costa Rica. Two entirely black cinctus whereas the black and red phase occurs in (without the usual white streaks of the all the central and eastern states (see map, species) were taken in Tapachula, Chiapas, fig. 43). and two in Lake Catemaco, Veracruz, Mex- The specimens mentioned thus far are not ico, the majority of cinctus being red or red spotted with separate white dots; several and black. In Colima, Mexico, seven of 32 species that do have white dots can also be auctus were mostly black, but in Cuerna- black or red in ground color, but localities vaca, Mexico, all 26 specimens were the have not been noted for them; they are al- black and red form. In quinquepunctatus of bopunctatus Champion, confusus Chevro- the United States, the black phase (with lat, maculifer (Fahraeus), and varieguttatus some red on the pronotum) has been found Chevrolat.
CHECKLIST OF SPECIES OF RHODOBAENUS OF NORTH AMERICA (In the order in which they appear in the text.) 1. tenuiscapus Champion 23. brevirostris Champion 2. varieguttatus Chevrolat veraepacis Champion 3. pustulosus (Gyllenhal) 24. adspersus (Gyllenhal) punctatus (Gyllenhal) impressus Chevrolat puncticollis Chevrolat 25. maculifer (Fahraeus) alboscutellatus Chevrolat centromaculatus Chevrolat 4. valens Champion 26. nebulosus Champion 5. guttatus (Fahraeus) 27. biundulatus Champion unidentatus Champion, new synonymy 28. andreae Chevrolat 6. albopunctatus Champion 29. arcuatus Champion 7. buchanani, new species 30. leucographus (Fahraeus) 8. quintus, new species 31. bellus, new species 9. mas, new species 32. sanguineus (Gyllenhal) 10. latens, new species lineatocollis (Gyllenhal) 11. nigrolineatus Chevrolat haematidus Chevrolat suturellus Chevrolat 33. melas, new species 12. confusus Chevrolat 34. bisignatus Champion 13. cinereiventris Champion 35. ypsilon Chevrolat 14. incertus (Champion) 36. deltoides Chevrolat dentifer Champion, new synonymy 37. pantherinus Champion 15. subcylindricus (Champion) 38. cariniventris Champion 16. suturalis (Gyllenhal) 39. bicinctus Chevrolat saucius (Gyllenhal) 40. olivaceus Champion implicatus Chevrolat 41. subcristatus Champion crucicollis Chevrolat 42. nigrofasciatus (Champion) miniatus Chevrolat 43. cinctus (Gyllenhal) nigricornis Chevrolat rubellus (Gyllenhal) bipunctatus Chevrolat funerarius Chevrolat quinquemaculatus Chevrolat obliquus Chevrolat 17. nigropictus Champion maculipes Champion, new synonymy 18. rhinopilus Vaurie 44. pulchellus (Gyllenhal) 19. lineiger Chevrolat duodecimmaculatus Chevrolat 20. inopinatus, new species metropolitanus Chevrolat 21. cylindricollis Champion niger Champion, new synonymy 22. nigrosignatus Champion 45. tredecimpunctatus (Illiger) 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 125
cribrarius (Fabricius) 53. mundus (Champion) quatuordecimpunctatus (Panzer) 54. octocostatus (Champion) leptocerus (Panzer) 55. dentirostris (Champion) 46. quinquepunctatus (Say) 56. rubicundus Champion triangularis Champion, new synonymy 57. auriculatus (Chevrolat) 47. auctus Chevrolat 58. nawradii (Kirsch) elegans Chevrolat, new synonymy 59. cuneatus Champion corniculatus Chevrolat, new synonymy 60. plicatus Champion graphicus Champion, new synonymy 61. stigmaticus (Fahraeus) 48. lebasii (Gyllenhall) 62. sexguttatus Champion variabilis (Gyllenhal) 63. v-nigrum Champion implicatus (Gyllenhal) 64. interruptus Champion femoralis Chevrolat tessellatus Champion vittatipennis Champion 65. fortirostris Champion immaculatus Champion 66. melanocardius (Linnaeus) 49. thoracicus (Gyllenhal) crassipes Champion 50. nigripennis Champion 67. quadripunctatus (Chevrolat) 51. rubrovittatus Champion 68. pinguis Champion 52. aterrimus (Champion) 69. saginatus Champion
SYSTEMATICS
Rhodobaenus LeConte, 1876, p. 332 (type, by erable leeway) for determining the sequence subsequent designation, Curculio tredecim- of species and their relationships. Thus, punctatus Illiger). species 1 through 31 in the Checklist have Homalostylus Chevrolat, 1885, p. 287 (type, by monotypy, white spotting; species 32 through 56 lack the Sphenophorus latiscapus Kirsch). spots; and in about half the species in each For the diagnosis and description of the category the pronotal depression is present. genus, part 1 on the species of South Amer- The remaining 13 species (the former "naw- ica should be consulted (Vaurie, 1980). Fol- radii" group), with or without spots or lowing is a discussion of some characters depression, differ in lacking the excavated pertaining to species found in North Ameri- claw segment (see below). ca. The rostrum is short and wide in several The majority of species are about 10 mm. species, but is generally narrow, long (as or less in length; 20 species are longer than long as or longer than the pronotum), and 10 m., with a few reaching 17 and 20 mm. subcylindrical. In a number of species rostral Some species are entirely black, others are setae are present. In most species the ros- grayish; typical ones are red with black trum is longer in females than in males, thus marks (see Color Dimorphism above). Char- the antennal scape, when measured against acteristic of about half the species are white the length of the rostrum, appears shorter in spots or dots surrounding the punctures; females. Measured from its emergence from these dots are composed of dense, de- the antennal groove, the scape can be from pressed, tiny setae; in some species they co- one-half to three-fourths the length of the alesce and form a symmetrical pattern of rostrum, in some cases nearly as long. It is streaks. Another character present in about normally narrow, but is wide and dilated in half the species (but not necessarily corre- six species. (In South America the scape is lated with the white dots) is the presence or wide in more species, 11 of 29.) absence at the base of the pronotum of a The gular peduncle at the ventral apex of transverse or roundish depression. I have the rostrum, viewed laterally, is flat and hor- used these two characters (but with consid- izontal in most males and angulate or ex- 126 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
The tarsi of the last seven species of the Checklist are dorsally tomentose (with dense, appressed setae) instead of glabrous; ventrally they are from one-half to three- fourths spongy-hairy instead of entirely so. These seven species as well as the preceding six ("nawradii" group), and also incertus and dentirostris, lack the excavation of the claw segment (figs. 1, 2) present in the re- maining species of the genus. The ventral tubercle of males, which is sit- uated at the middle or front of the first seg- ment of the abdomen, has been found in sev- en species (arcuatus, bicinctus, cariniventris, maculifer, melas, nebulosus, sanguineus), but it is not invariably present in all males of a species, and in some individuals it is mi- nute; it is elongate and carinate or round. (In South America 11 of the 29 species possess it.) The aedeagus does not differ radically among the species; its apex, viewed dorsally, is truncate or feebly or distinctly emarginate and, in one species (valens), slightly pro- FIGS. 1, 2. Tarsus of majority of Rhodoba- duced. In profile view, the aedeagus is either enus, with excavated claw segment. 1. Ventral 2. Lateral view of claw, enlarged. the same width throughout or wider or nar- view. rower at the apex. The apex, in profile view, is acuminate or rounded or blunt. The characters outlined above are used in tended forward in most females, but excep- the key that follows. Because of individual tions occur. variation and color phases, a number of The antennal club is more or less dilated species appear twice, even three times, in and compressed; in a few species it is elon- the key. gate-oval. The spongy apex of the club dif- fers in length on each side (away from or toward the body). The length of the second KEY TO THE SPECIES OF segment of the antennal funicle and the width RHODOBAENUS IN NORTH AMERICA of the scutellum do not appear in the descrip- 1. Rostrum short, wide, from apex to front tions but are mentioned where significant. of antennal groove only three to four The pygidium, which generally extends times longer than wide (fig. 28) ..... 2 well beyond the apex of the abdomen, is Rostrum long, many times longer than either evenly convex, or, more often, dis- wide ...... 6 tinctly tumid medially and apically; in all 2. Pronotum, excluding apical or basal con- are two transverse rows of se- striction, with sides subparallel (fig. 9); species there and and one elytra with velvety black angular tae, one row at the extreme apex oblique patches ...... 3 behind it. Pronotum with sides narrowing to apex, In some species the difference in the shape or arcuate; elytra with black markings of the hind femora (linear or widened to not angular or oblique ...... 4 apex) is readily grasped, but in other species 3. Pygidium, viewed laterally, with apex it is ambiguous and variable. The front fem- abruptly, bulbously tumid, extending ora show the same differences. well beyond apex of abdomen; viewed 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 127
dorsally, subacuminate; hind tibiae at 11. Antennal club with spongy apex only one- apex feebly arcuate; pronotum with fourth or one-fifth length of club and base feebly depressed ...... pronotum red with single black medial ...... nigrosignatus Champion stripe ...... suturalis (Gyllenhal) Pygidium, viewed laterally, with apex fee- Antennal club with spongy apex longer bly tumid; hind tibiae straight; prono- than stated above, but if doubtful, then tum convex or flat ...... pronotum not as described ...... 12 ...... cylindricollis Champion 12. Pronotum convex or flattened ...... 13 4. Yellowish; elytra without white dots Pronotum transversely depressed near around punctures; femora distinctly base ...... 47 wider at apex than at base ...... 13. Pronotum with disc red; rostrum strongly ...... lineiger Chevrolat arcuate, ventrally with long, curling se- Reddish or grayish elytra with white dots tae (abraded in some specimens); elytra of minute setae around punctures; fem- dark red or red with black areas medi- ora about same width throughout ... 5 ally and laterally... rhinopilus Vaurie 5. Pronotum depressed in front of base; Pronotum, rostrum, and elytra not all as length 8 to 11 mm...... stated above ...... 14 ...... brevirostris Champion 14. Dorsum without definite white dots Pronotum convex, not depressed; length around punctures ...... 15 7 to 8 mm. .. inopinatus, new species Dorsum with punctures encircled by whit- 6(1). Antennal scape normal and narrow ... 7 ish dots, or dorsum with white streaks
Antennal scape as wide as or wider than ...... 30 one-half width of apex of rostrum 64 15. Larger (9 to 15 mm.) and elytra entirely 7. Elytra with eight elevated black costae or black or entirely red ...... 16 ribs alternating with depressed Smaller (5 to 9.5 mm.) and elytra not en- interspaces .. octocostatus (Champion) tirely red ...... 17 Elytra smooth, without elevated cos- 16. Black, black suffused with red, or red tae. 8 with black pronotal stripe; pronotum 8. Small (4.5 to 6 mm.); pronotum narrow, convex at middle, feebly flattened to- elongate, red with white dots, three ward base; elytra with intervals im- black stripes, and, from base extending punctate but striae densely punctate; forward, two short, yellowish streaks, antennal club elongate, with spongy also yellow dots at middle; basal apex three-fourths length of club .....
impression, if present, feeble; head be- ...... mundus (Champion) tween eyes transversely deeply incised; Entirely black; pronotum flattish; elytra hind femora with upper (or posterior) with intervals finely punctate in single margin feebly sinuate, not quite straight or double rows but striae impunctate; ...... ypsilon Chevrolat antennal club roundish, spongy apex Not agreeing with all statements not more than one-half length of club
above ...... 9 ...... aterrimus (Champion) 9. Hind femora arcuate, long, extending be- 17. Elytra entirely black (or very dark yond apex of pygidium; eyes short, nar- red) ...... 18 row, not wider than width of antennal Elytra with at least some red ...... 22 club; dorsum reddish with scattered 18. Prosternum laterally with black spot; an- whitish dots; elytra subtriangular, much tennal scape not longer than funicle; wider than pronotum, narrowing antennal club with spongy apex about strongly to apex where subapical cal- one-third length of club ......
luses abrupt, prominent (fig. 17) ...... thoracicus(Gyllenhal) ...... rubicundus Champion Prosternum without lateral black spot; an- Not agreeing with all statements tennal scape longer than funicle; anten- above ...... 10 nal club with spongy apex one-half or 10. Tarsi with claw segment between claws more length of club ...... 19 ventrally excavated or bilamellate (figs. 19. Pronotum red with median black stripe
1, 2); 4to 15 mm...... 1 and two or more black spots ......
Tarsi with claw segment between claws ...... nigripennisChampion (part) ventrally smooth; 10 to 20 mm. ... 67 Pronotum black or dark red ...... 20 128 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
20. Hind tarsus with third segment widely di- ...... cinctus (Gyllenhal) (part) lated (at apex three times wider than Femora black; elytra various ...... 27 second segment); second segment 27. Front and hind femora linear, same width shorter than third ...... at base and apex (Mexico and Central black phase of cinctus (Gyflenhal) (part) America) ...... 28 Hind tarsus with third segment at apex Front and hind femora clavate, wider at only slightly wider than second; second apex than at base (extreme northern segment as long as third ...... 21 Mexico, United States, and Canada) ..
21. Pronotum convex; sides arcuate; rostrum ...... 29 at base widened and humped; basal di- 28. Pronotum uniformly convex, scarcely lation punctate, not sulcate; male with longer than wide; sides arcuate from aedeagus carinate ventrally ...... base to near apex; rostrum humped and black phase of lebasii (Gyllenhal) (part) wider at base; basal dilation generally Pronotum flattish, especially at base; not sulcate; elytra with sides tapering sides subparallel to near apex; rostrum feebly to apex ......
at base not widened or humped; basal ...... auctus Chevrolat (part) dilation sulcate; male with aedeagus Pronotum (viewed laterally) flattened fee- smooth ventrally ...... black bly toward base, longer than wide; phase of pulchellus (Gyllenhal) (part) sides subparallel; rostrum evenly con- 22(17). Small (6 to 7.5 mm.), elongate, parallel- vex, not humped at base, same width sided; elytra, including long, conical throughout; basal dilation sulcate; ely- pygidium, twice length of pronotum tra with sides subparallel ......
and not wider; pronotum black with ...... pulchellus(Gyllenhal) (part) sides or apex narrowly red; elytra black 29. Elytra with apex and suture in all or in with sixth interval red, or with more part black; rostrum with basal dilation intervals red . . rubrovittatus Champion not or rarely sulcate; pronotum with Small or large, not agreeing with all state- median black mark generally elongate ments given above ...... 23 and distinctly larger than other spots; 23. Elytra with short tenth interval and part aedeagus ventrally with short or long or all of ninth red ...... 24 median keel ......
Elytra with more red than stated ...... quinquepunctatus(Say) (part) above ...... 25 Elytra with apex and suture red; rostrum 24. Third tarsal segment feebly dilated, short- with basal dilation deeply sulcate; er than second segment; femora black; pronotum with median black mark gen- front and hind femora distinctly linear; erally round, not larger than other Mexico to Panama ...... spots; aedeagus ventrally smooth ...
black phase of auctus Chevrolat (part) ...... tredecimpunctatus (Illiger) Third tarsal segment widely dilated, as 30(14). Dorsum with white dots merged into solid long as or longer than second segment; streaks ...... 31 femora generally broadly red or with red Dorsum with white dots separate, not spot at middle; front and hind femora merged ...... 32 wider at apex (clavate); Canada, United 31. Hind tarsus with second segment as wide States, northern Mexico ...... black as long and much shorter than third; phase of quinquepunctatus (Say) (part) elytra basally with from one to three 25. Elytra with apical third black from side to short white streaks that are joined to side (figs. 59-61); pronotum generally white streaks surrounding median black with narrow median black stripe and marks (fig. 14), but streaks can be in- four small black spots ...... terrupted with wear ......
...... lebasii (Gyllenhal) (part) ...... cinctus(Gyllenhal) (part) Elytra with apical third not entirely black; Hind tarsus with second segment longer pronotum various ...... 26 than wide, as long as third; elytra with 26. Femora red with black spot; if spot not short white streaks on all intervals in evident, then elytra with eight round or basal and apical areas, leaving dark elongate black markings in addition to center with sparse white dots ......
...... vr lateral or apical black spots (fig. 14) ...... confusus Che olat 19811VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 129
32. Pronotum gray or blackish, subconical Rostrum strongly arcuate and/or humped (fig. 30), distinctly narrower than ely- at base (figs. 34, 36) ...... 43 tra; sides oblique to apex without cur- 38. Pygidium medially with line of white se- vature; base bisinuate; elytra with me- tae, or pronotum at middle of basal dian dark band evident to naked margin feebly, narrowly impressed eye ... . tenuiscapus Champion (creased), or scutellum white, setose; Pronotum gray, blackish, red or brown- venter with yellowish enamel-like glaze r ish; sides arcuate to apex or subparal- ...... pustulosus (Gyllenhal) (pa t) lel; base straight or feebly arcuate; ely- Not agreeing with all characters given
tra without median black band .... 33 above .... 39 33. Antennal scape shorter than funicle, its 39. Pronotum in great part black (in basal half apex scarcely reaching to middle of ros- or three-fourths); sides in front arcuate trum; antennal club with spongy apex to apex; rostrum straight, distinctly one-third or less length of club; small shorter, from basal fovea to apex, than
(6 to 6.5 mm.) . . nigropictus Champion pronotum; elytra red with eight to 12 Antennal scape as long as or longer than black marks; white dots small or faint; funicle, its apex reaching beyond mid- aedeagus at middle of apex triangular dle of rostrum; antennal club with (figs. 22, 23); large (11.5 to 14.5 spongy apex longer than one-third of mm.) .. .. valens Champion
club; larger than 6.5 mm ...... 34 Not agreeing with all statements 34. Gular peduncle under apex of rostrum, above .... 40 viewed laterally, emarginate between 40. Antennal funicle with second segment two tiny sharp angles (females).... 35 longer than wide; elytra black, or red Gular peduncle, viewed laterally, flat or with black spots (rarely entirely rounded, or angulate in front only red) .... 41 (males and females) ...... 36 Antennal funicle with second segment as 35. Pronotum scarcely longer than wide; bas- wide as long; elytra red (suture can be al margin at middle feebly depressed black) .... 42 (not evident in all specimens); gular pe- 41. White dots of pronotum and elytra of ap- duncle with angles less sharp; pygidium proximately same size; front and hind with setose, cristate, median white line; femora virtually linear, gradually wid- rostrum finely punctate, not ened to apex; pygidium strongly tumid
setose .. pustulosus (Gyllenhal) (part) and bulbous at apex ......
Pronotum distinctly longer than wide; ...... varieguttatusChevrolat (part) basal margin not depressed; gular pe- White dots of pronotum generally smaller duncle with angles very sharp; pygid- than those of elytra (one-half); front ium with setae, if present, not concen- and hind femora twice as wide before trated medially; rostrum coarsely apex as at base; pygidium feebly con- punctate and setose ...... vex .... nigrolineatus Chevrolat (part)
...... varieguttatus Chevrolat (part) 42. Aedeagus with apex strongly sclerotized, 36. Rostrum ventrally behind apex with each hollowed out, in profile view widening side feebly, obtusely sinuate;1 gular pe- from base to apex (figs. 24, 26); prono- duncle of female in front of sinuation tum feebly narrower than elytra and with pendant tooth curving backward with three black stripes; sides arcuate (fig. 32); dorsum of fresh examples cov- from base to apex ... mas, new species ered with uniform enamel-like glaze Aedeagus with apex membranous medi- through which show whitish ally, in profile view of same width
dots .... guttatus (Fahraeus) throughout; pronotum distinctly nar- Rostrum ventroapically not sinuate; gular rower than elytra and with median peduncle with tooth, if present, pro- black spot or short stripe; sides parallel jected forward; dorsum not glazed 37 to beyond middle, thence arcuate to 37. Rostrum feebly arcuate or almost straight apex . quintus, new species 38 (fig. 37) .... 43(37). Mostly gray or black; larger (7.5 to 10.5 1 The sinuation is present on the sides; it is not part mm.); pronotum with one stripe, if of the gular peduncle. any . 44 130 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
Mostly red; smaller (6 to 9 mm.); prono- 49. Gray or black, no red ...... 50 tum with three black stripes ...... 45 Red, or red with black ...... 52 44. Pronotum distinctly narrower than base 50. Rostrum dorsally in front of basal dilation of elytra, with narrow, feebly elevated either covered with bristly bronze setae median stripe; pygidium squarish, fee- (females), or this area tomentose with bly convex, with apex truncate; elytra minute setae visible at high magnifica- with discal punctures widely separated; tion (males) .. subcristatus Champion hind tarsi with claw segment equal in Rostrum dorsally not setose ...... 51 length to first segment ...... 51. Larger (8 to 13 mm.); femora twice as base; gray (black if ...... nigrolineatus Chevrolat (part) wide at apex as at Pronotum scarcely if at all narrower than denuded or greased) with six indistinct elytra; median stripe, if present, flat; dark spots ..... olivaceus (Olivier) pygidium elongate, medially tumid, Smaller (6.5 to 8.5 mm.); femora about with apex subacuminate; elytra with same width throughout; jet punctures generally dense (fig. 6); hind black .... . melas, new species tarsi with claw segment distinctly lon- 52(49). Elytra entirely black; pronotum red with ger than first segment ...... narrow median stripe and two latero-
...... cinereiventris Champion basal marks black; base at middle fee- 45. Hind femora of equal width at base and bly flattened ...... apex; middle coxal interspace about ...... nigripennisChampion (part) one-fifth or one-fourth diameter of cox- Elytra and pronotum not both as de- ae; rostrum strongly humped at base, scribed above ...... 53 bent backward, narrower at apex (fig. 53. Elytra, except for scutellum, red
34) ...... latens, new species ...... sanguineus (Gyllenhal) Hind femora wider at apex than at base; Elytra red with black or black with at least middle coxal interspace only one-third some red ...... 54 diameter of coxae; rostrum evenly ar- 54. Pronotum with at least some black spots cuate, same width throughout (fig. (fig. 13) ...... pantherinus Champion
36) ...... 46 Pronotum striped with black or entirely 46. Hind femora gradually widened to apex; black, not spotted ...... 55 pronotum convex throughout, longer 55. Aedeagus, viewed laterally, narrowing to (two-thirds length of elytra), sides subacuminate apex (fig. 25); male with
subparallel .. albopunctatus Champion ventral tubercle, and rostrum ventrally Hind femora clavate, twice as wide at smooth; elytra either red with six spots apex as at base; pronotum mediobas- and subapical band black (four central ally feebly flattened, shorter (one-half spots can be merged into band or sub- length of elytra), subconical, sides apical band can be divided into spots), oblique from base to apex (fig. 5) or elytra black with humeri red; not
...... buchanani, new species found in Mexico . . bicinctus Chevrolat2 47(12). Black or gray; pronotum deeply im- Aedeagus, viewed laterally, widening fee- pressed near base, distinctly narrower bly to blunt, rounded apex (fig. 24); than base of elytra; prosternum behind male without ventral tubercle, but with front coxae bituberculate, prominent, rostrum ventrally sparsely setose; ely- visible when viewed in profile (fig. 31); tra as described in couplet that follows; mesosternal process at apex nearly as Mexico and Central America ...... 56 wide as one-half diameter of coxae; 56. Rostrum long, narrower than apex of punctures indicated by whitish dots; front femur, generally bright red, that scutellum broadly triangular ...... of female distinctly longer than prono- ...... adspersus (Gyllenhal) tum, almost straight (fig. 35); elytra Not agreeing with all statements given with outer intervals lined or spotted above ...... 48 48. Dorsum without definite white dots around punctures ...... 49 Dorsum with punctures encircled by whit- 2 In bicinctus, bisignatus, and deltoides the pattern ish setose dots, or with dots merged of the elytra can be nearly identical, but each species into streaks ...... 57 has a typical pattern. 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 131
with black, apex black; pronotum with with black spots, if present, not set three black stripes ...... obliquely as described above ...... 63 ...... deltoides Chevrolat 63. White dots small, inconspicuous; each Rostrum shorter, wider, black, arcuate elytron with three large, clearly de- (fig. 36); elytra either, typically, red fined, velvety dark spots (in some spec- with two black spots across middle, or imens another smaller spot); mouse black with irregular red suffusions; gray or purplish . . maculifer (Fahraeus) pronotum with one black stripe ...... White dots larger, nearly filling elytral in- ...... bisignatus Champion tervals; each elytron with three or four 57(48). Dorsum with white or yellowish dots ill-defined, faint dark spots under filmy merged into solid, generally symmetri- covering; reddish or grayish ......
cal streaks ...... 58 ...... nebulosus Champion Dorsum with white dots separate .... 60 64(6). Pronotum convex or flattened ...... 65 58. Larger (10 to 11 mm.); pronotum basally Pronotum transversely impressed near with deep elliptical hole; elytra brown- base ...... 66 ish, with streaks forming oblique basal 65. Antennal scape widening from base to and subapical bands, leaving dark, dia- apex; apex nearly as wide as apex of mond shaped center with scattered dots rostrum; pygidium feebly convex; 12 to (fig. 10) ...... biundulatus Champion 18 mm...... incertus (Champion) Smaller (6.5 to 7.5 mm.); pronotum ba- Antennal scape of same width through- sally with shallow, transverse depres- out, as wide as only one-half apex of sion; elytra reddish or purplish with rostrum; pygidium strongly, abruptly black stripes or white dots as well as tumid; 8 to 9.5 mm ......
white streaks ...... 59 ...... subcylindricus (Champion) 59. Rostrum ventrally glabrous; elytra dark 66. Antennal scape wider than rostrum; elytra red with large black spots (fig. 12); me- distinctly longer than pronotum, gray sosternal process narrower than apex with oblique median black band (also of rostrum ...... bellus, new species apical band in some specimens) ......
Rostrum ventrally setose; elytra purplish ...... nigrofasciatus (Champion) with longitudinal black stripes (fig. 11); Antennal scape not quite as wide as ros- mesosternal process wider than apex of trum; elytra scarcely, if at all, longer rostrum.... leucographus (Fahraeus) than pronotum, dark red with faint 60(57). Antennal club with spongy apex about black areas basally and apically (fig. one-third length of club; front and hind 16) ...... dentirostris (Champion) femora scarcely wider at apex than at 67(10). Rostrum at base, viewed dorsally, not di- base; mesosternal process between lated over antennal groove as is normal middle coxae as wide as funicular (can be circularly dilated in front of segment .... arcuatus Champion groove); male with pronotum behind Antennal club with spongy apex one-half front angles with cuplike depression; or three-fourths length of club; front female with rostrum longer than prono- and hind femora twice wider before tum by one-third ......
apex than at base; mesosternal process ...... auriculatus (Chevrolat) distinctly wider than funicular Rostrum at base, viewed dorsally, angu- segment ... 61 larly or obtusely dilated over antennal 61. Antennal club with dividing line between groove; if doubtful, other characters spongy apex and horny base angular not as stated above ...... 68 (fig. 19) .... andreae Chevrolat 68. Tarsi dorsally glabrous; pronotum de- Antennal club with dividing line between pressed near base; antennal club with spongy apex and horny base arcuate or spongy apex one-half or more length of straight (figs. 20, 21) ...... 62 62. Elytra red with two or three black spots club; tarsi ventrally virtually entirely extending obliquely from humerus to spongy-pubescent ...... 69 middle of suture (spots merged in some Tarsi dorsally tomentose (with depressed specimens); also lateral black spots (fig. setae); pronotum flat or convex; anten- 56) .cariniventris Champion nal club with spongy apex one-third Elytra gray, purplish, or faintly reddish, or less length of club; tarsi ventrally 132 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
spongy-pubescent on only apical three- 76. Large (15 to 22 mm.); pronotum convex; fourths or one-half ...... 73 viewed dorsally, wider in front of mid- 69. Pronotum with sides abruptly constricted dle where sides arcuate to apex; base at apex (creased), especially noticeable bisinuate; elytra with yellowish dots in lateral veiw; elytra generally trans- condensed into two transverse, de- versely depressed or plicate in front of pressed bands before and behind mid- and behind middle ...... dle, leaving darker space ...... plicatus Champion between .... interruptus Champion Pronotum with sides feebly narrowed at Smaller (10 to 16 mm.); pronotum flat; apex but smooth, not creased; elytra viewed dorsally, sides subparallel from generally smooth ...... 70 base to near apex; elytra with filmy 70. Antennal groove with posterior border covering of white dots with black spots distant from eye by only width of or bands showing through ...... 77 scape; white dots present; aedeagus 77. Elytra with two distinct round black spots with apical border very in front of middle and black subapical narrow ...... sexguttatus Champion band . quadripunctatus Chevrolat Antennal groove with posterior border Elytra with indistinct, oblique, V-shaped generally distant from eye by width of black mark at middle and black sub- club; no white dots; aedeagus with api- apical band ...... cal border wide ...... 71 ...... melanocardius (Linnaeus) 71. Elytra with eight clearly defined black 78(73). Elytra with two black indistinct spots at spots (two medio-lateral spots can be middle narrowing outward to edge of missing); pygidium with apical setae elytra, and subapical dark band; pro- sparse, yellow ...... notum generally red with three black ...... stigmaticus (Fahraeus) stripes ...... pinguis Chevrolat Elytra either without black spots, or with Elytra and pronotum without pattern; sur- two small or large median spots (hu- face uneven, rough, tessellated ...... merus and apex vaguely black in some ...... saginatusChampion specimens); pygidium with apical setae forming dense tufts ...... 72 DESCRIPTIONS 72. Elytra typically with two bold black spots OF THE SPECIES covering most of center, and subapical Rhodobaenus tenuiscapus Champion black band; pygidium convex, with api- Figures 3, 30, 33 cal setae long, threadlike ...... Rhodobaenus tenuiscapus Champion, "1909- ...... nawradii (Kirsch) 1910" [1910], p. 128, pl. 6, figs. 15, l5a (lec- Elytra typically immaculate, but faint me- totype, male, Azahar de Cartago, Costa Rica, dian and subapical black can be pres- here designated from four original specimens ent; pygidium tumid, acuminate, with in British Museum, examined). apical setae generally short, thick ...... cuneatus Champion DIAGNOSIS: Large gray-black species with 73(68). Third tarsal segment ventrally with spongy- small white dots; differs from most species pubescence covering three-fourths of in having flat, conical pronotum with sinuate surface ...... 74 base, and long elytra, wider than pronotum, Third tarsal segment ventrally with spongy- with faint dark bands. pubescence covering only one-half of RANGE: Costa Rica. (For 20 specimens ex- surface ...... 78 amined, see Appendix.) 74. Rostrum strongly arcuate, and in profile DESCRIPTION: Entirely gray or blackish, at least twice as wide at base as at apex with white dots. Length 9 to 14 mm. Rostrum ...... fortirostris Champion about as long as pronotum, humped at Rostrum feebly arcuate, and in profile base, only slightly, if at wider at feebly arcuate, not wider than apex of front all, base than femur; that of male punctate; of female im- apex ...... 75 75. Elytra with common velvety black, heart- punctate and, viewed laterally, wider at base shaped median patch outlined by whit- than at apex; basal dilation dorsally deeply ish streaks or dots; small (8 to 9 mm.) sulcate. Gular peduncle of male flat, tilted (fig. 18) ...... v-nigrum Champion upward in front, feebly obtuse behind; of fe- Elytra not as described above ...... 76 male angulate in front and behind (fig. 33). 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 133
Antennal scape sinuous, very narrow, nearly as described for pustulosus, but base of ros- as long as rostrum and as funicle and club trum of female furnished with bristly setae combined. Antennal club elongate, as wide emanating from large lateral and dorsal punc- as rostrum at apex; spongy apex more than tures. one-half length of club. Antennal groove Pronotum longer than wide, flat or convex, with border almost touching eye. black, or red with three black stripes, cov- Pronotum longer than wide, conical, flat ered with dense whitish spots about as large or feebly convex, sides oblique from base to as spots of elytra. Elytra longer than prono- apex without sinuation (fig. 30), opaque tum by about one-half, with whitish spots black with small white dots; base bisinuate. narrower than intervals, separated by four or Elytra distinctly wider than, and almost five times their diameter; spots smaller and twice length of, pronotum; intervals with denser on suture and very small on striae; white punctures widely separated; striae entirely blackish gray, or red with black with them dense; vague darker bands at spots on humerus, along sides, and medially, base, middle, and apex not invariably visi- or entirely red. Prosternum tumid in front of ble. Prosternum tumid in front of coxae, mid- coxae, bituberculate behind coxae. Femora dle coxal interspace about one-half diameter gradually widened, linear. Pygidium abruptly of coxae. Femora, especially front femora, tumid at apex, depassing apex of abdomen. clavate. Pygidium feebly convex; apex Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with broadly rounded. apex truncate or feebly emarginate, membra- Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with nous medially; borders wide; in profile upper apex feebly emarginate; borders narrow; in border scarcely sloping to apex. profile apex obliquely rounded and feebly REMARKS: The various species with white rolled backward. dots and flat or convex pronotum are difficult REMARKS: Another species with a conical to distinguish on the spotting alone as the pronotum is brevirostris which differs in size and placement of the dots vary among having a very short, wide rostrum and deeply individuals, and some dots disappear. In impressed, not flat, pronotum. The lectotype comparison with nigrolineatus, variegutta- is the specimen figured by Champion. One tus differs in having the rostrum less arcuate, of each sex was dissected. the pygidium tumid, not merely convex, the femora linear, not clavate, and the white dots Rhodobaenus varieguttatus Chevrolat of the pronotum generally larger, as large as Figures 37, 38 those of the elytra, not smaller. In confusus Rhodobaenus varieguttatus Chevrolat, 1885, p. the white dots of the elytra are merged to- 284 (Mexico; type, female, in Naturhistoriska gether subapically and subbasally, leaving a Riksmuseum, examined). dark, scarcely punctate band in the middle. In cinereiventris and nebulosus the antennal DIAGNOSIS: Abundant white spotting on scape is much longer, and the rostrum is nar- red or gray background and convex prono- rower, more arcuate, and longer. The ros- tum agree with pustulosus which is generally trum of varieguttatus is feebly arcuate as in larger and stouter, and with nigrolineatus quintus and mas, not strongly as in albo- and confusus which are generally smaller. punctatus, buchanani, and latens. (For com- Female differs from other females except of parison with pustulosus in having gular peduncle emar- pustulosus, see that species.) ginate-angulate. The type specimen is grayish, without red, RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica. and the gular peduncle is less sharply angled (For 122 specimens examined, see Appen- than that of other females; no setae or punc- dix.) tures are visible at the base of the rostrum DESCRIPTION: Red or black with whitish which is caked with mud or debris. In a se- dots. Length 8.5 to 11.5 mm. Rostrum, gular ries of 32 specimens from 10 miles south of peduncle, antennal scape, club, and groove Tonila, Colima, Mexico, only three speci- 134 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
It
3 4 5 6
7 a 9 10 FIGS. 3-10. Rhodobaenus, not to scale. 3. R. tenuiscapus. 4. R. pustulosus. 5. R. buchanani. 6. R. cinereiventris. 7. R. subcylindricus. 8. R. inopinatus. 9. R. nigrosignatus. 10. R. biundulatus.
mens are blackish, the others being red with Rhodobaenus pustulosus (Gyllenhal) black marks. Six males were dissected. Figures 4, 39 BIOLOGY: A male with a label reading, "Uruapan, Michoacan, Mexico, Avocado Sphenophorus pustulosus Gyllenhal, 1838, p. 923 Pest Survey LX 1973"; a second label reads, (Mexico; type, male, in Naturhistoriska Riks- "Jarred from tree. Burgess. Brownsville, museum, examined). Tx." Sphenophorus punctatus Gyllenhal, 1838, p. 923 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 135
II 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 FIGS. 11-18. Rhodobaenus, not to scale. 11. R. leucographus. 12. R. bellus. 13. R. pantherinus. 14. R. cinctus. 15. R. mundus. 16. R. dentirostris. 17. R. rubicundus. 18. R. v-nigrum.
(Mexico; type in Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum; Riksmuseum, examined; synonymized by synonymized by Champion). Champion). Rhodobaenus pustulosus var. puncticollis Chev- in black or red color- rolat, 1885, p. 283 (Mexico; type in Naturhis- DIAGNOSIS: Similar toriska Riksmuseum, examined; synonymized ing and whitish dots to varieguttatus, but by Champion). larger, more robust, with more convex, wid- Rhodobaenus alboscutellatus Chevrolat, 1885, p. er pronotum. Distinguished from variegut- 284 (Mexico; type, male, in Naturhistoriska tatus and allied species either in having faint 136 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
22 20 21 19 23
25 26 27 24 FIGS. 19-27. 19-21. Antennal clubs of Rhodobaenus. 19. R. andreae, dividing line angular. 20. R. maculifer, dividing line straight. 21. R. valens, dividing line arcuate. 22-27. Aedeagus of males of Rhodo- baenus. 22. R. valens, lateral view. 23. R. valens, dorsal view of apex. 24. R. mas, lateral view; charac- teristic also of R. bisignatus and deltoides. 25. R. latens, lateral view; characteristic also of R. bicinctus. 26. R. mas, dorsal view of apex. 27. R. olivaceus, lateral view. transverse impression on pronotum in front pronotum by one-third, dark red or black of scutellum or in having whitish setose cris- with whitish dots on intervals and striae; tate line bisecting pygidium. Scutellum is dots generally outlining darker center each white and setose, but usually abraded. side of suture, this pattern visible with naked RANGE: Southwestern United States, eye; in some specimens additional vague Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica. black areas. Prosternum feebly, if at all tu- (For approximately 262 specimens exam- mid in front of coxae, black or reddish with ined, see Appendix.) whitish spots; middle coxal interspace nearly DESCRIPTION: Red or blackish with whit- one-half diameter of coxae; remainder below ish dots. Length 8.5 to 13 mm. Rostrum fee- and legs with dense white dots that are bly arcuate, not or feebly humped at base, merged, in fresh specimens, into dense whit- about same length as pronotum, not quite as ish coating. Hind femora feebly, and other wide as apex of front femur; that of male femora strongly clavate. Pygidium cristate punctate chiefly at base; offemale mostly im- and setose from near base to apex, forming punctate; basal dilation dorsally sulcate. Gu- white line in fresh specimens; apex tumid. lar peduncle of male flat; of female (profile Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with view) emarginate between two sharp angles. apex truncate, sclerotized; borders wide; in Antennal scape black, longer than one-half profile upper border oblique to acuminate length of rostrum, slightly longer than funi- apex. cle. Antennal club roundish, narrower than REMARKS: This large species is readily rec- apex of rostrum; spongy apex about or less ognizable if the basal crease is present on the than one-half length of club. Antennal pronotum or the white line on the pygidium groove separated from eye by about width of or the white scutellum. Many individuals, apex of scape. however, do not have the crease or it is hid- Pronotum convex, as wide at base as long, den by the base of the elytra, and the white either dark red with three black stripes or line is often abraded. There remains the rath- entirely black, with irregularly spaced whit- er mottled elytra with the large central dark ish punctures except for impunctate median spot outlined by white; this pattern should space; at middle in front of basal margin fee- be viewed with the naked eye as it becomes bly depressed, creased. Elytra longer than unclear and diffused under the microscope. 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 137
29 30
35
14:~~V IQ// 36 37 FIGS. 28-37. Body parts of Rhodobaenus. 28. Short, wide rostrum, R. inopinatus; characteristic also of R. brevirostris, cylindricollis, nigrosignatus. 29. Broad pronotum, R. quintus. 30. Subconical pronotum, R. tenuiscapus. 31. Prominent base of prosternum, R. adspersus. 32. Sinuate sides of ventral apex of rostrum, and pendant tooth of female, R. guttatus. 33. Gular peduncle offemale, R. tenuiscapus. 34-37. Rostrum. 34. R. latens, female. 35. R. ypsilon, female; characteristic also of female of R. deltoides. 36. R. buchanani, female; characteristic also of R. albopunctatus, bisignatus, and female of nigrolineatus. 37. R. mas, male; characteristic also of males of R. nigrolineatus, quintus, and varie- guttatus.
Of the synonyms given above, puncticollis Although pustulosus has been collected in is a specimen in which the whitish dots are Texas and Arizona, its occurrence in the lacking, punctatus is also worn, and albo- United States is minimal. Blatchley and scutellatus has the scutellum white and se- Leng (1916) wrote that Schwarz had record- tose, a character that is normally worn or ed it from St. Augustine, Florida. discolored. One male was dissected. 138 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
FIG. 38. Distribution of Rhodobaenus varieguttatus, olivaceus, and melas.
BIOLOGY: A specimen from Presidio, Tex- tween two angles, pygidium lacking median as, is labeled "in Zexmenia brevifolia." line of white setae. RANGE: Known only from region of Cuer- navaca, Mexico. (For 16 specimens exam- Rhodobaenus valens Champion ined, see Appendix.) Figures 21-23 DESCRIPTION: Red and black with whitish Rhodobaenus valens Champion, "1909-1910" dots. Length 11.5 to 14.5 mm. Rostrum [1910], p. 136, pl. 6, figs. 30, 30a, 31 (lectotype, black, shorter than pronotum, almost straight, male, Cuernavaca, Mexico, here designated not humped at base, almost as wide as apex from five specimens in British Museum, ex- of front femur; basal dilation dorsally sul- amined). cate. Gular peduncle of male flat; of female DIAGNOSIS: Similar to some pustulosus in slightly sinuate and with tiny prominence in large size, coloration, whitish dots, and short front. Antennal scape black, about three- clavate femora, but differs in having rostrum fourths length of rostrum, slightly longer shorter, wider, and straight, gular peduncle than funicle. Antennal club elongate, as wide of female sinuate, but not emarginate be- as apex of rostrum; spongy apex about one- 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 139
FIG. 39. Distribution of Rhodobaenus pustulosus.
half length of club. Antennal groove opening below and legs black, but metasternum red- onto eye. dish. Femora wider at apex than at base. Py- Pronotum strongly convex, scarcely, if at gidium feebly tumid; apex narrowly round- all, longer than wide, black with two dark ed. red stripes not reaching base, and basal black Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with band, sparsely punctate with faint whitish apex projecting and sinuate medially, partly dots, or entirely black. Elytra longer than membranous; borders narrow; in profile pronotum by one-third, dark red with hu- apex blunt with turned down point. merus, scutellar area, three lateral spots, REMARKS: This species is one of the larg- large median spot, and apex blackish; inter- est in the genus. The white spots in valens vals sparsely punctate with whitish dots; are very small and faint in contrast to those striae vaguely whitish. Prosternum flat in of pustulosus and varieguttatus. The elytral front of coxae, tumid behind, short (from pattern is quite similar to that of variegut- coxae to apex about one and one-half times tatus which differs chiefly in its longer, nar- diameter of coxae); middle coxal interspace row pronotum and linear, not clavate, fem- nearly one-half diameter of coxae; remainder ora. The apex of the aedeagus of valens 140 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171 differs from that of the other two species in by six or more times their diameter; strial having a feeble sinuation projecting medial- punctures scarcely visible. Prosternum fee- ly. bly tumid in front of coxae, feebly tumid be- The lectotype is the specimen figured by hind; middle coxal interspace one-third or Champion (loc. cit.). Three males were dis- more diameter of coxae. Femora gradually sected. widened, feebly clavate. Pygidium feebly tumid at center, encrusted. Rhodobaenus guttatus (Fahraeus) Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with Figures 32, 41 apex slightly emarginate, hollowed out; bor- ders wide; in profile apex rounded-truncate. Sphenophorus guttatus Fahraeus, 1845, p. 247 REMARKS: In the (Mexico; type, male, in Naturhistoriska Riks- lectotype and other fe- museum, examined). males of unidentatus in the British Museum Rhodobaenus unidentatus Champion, "1909- the toothed gular peduncle and the sinuate 1910" [1910], p. 139, pl. 7, figs. 1, la (lectotype, sides of the rostrum behind it are exactly as female, Amula, Guerrero, Mexico, here desig- in the female type of guttatus, and I there- nated from four original specimens in British fore consider them conspecific. In several Museum, examined). New synonymy. specimens the encrustation in abraded and DIAGNOSIS: In fresh condition differs from the surface appears shiny black or dark red other species in having entire body covered with, on the elytra, widely separated white with uniform buffy or tan encrustation spots; in specimens that lack the encrusta- through which show tiny whitish punctures; tion dorsally, it is generally present ventrally when abraded, can be recognized by having or on the pygidium or legs. In many individ- each side of ventral apex of rostrum sinuate. uals of pustulosus the venter is similarly en- RANGE: Mexico. (For 21 specimens ex- crusted, but the rostrum of both sexes and amined, see Appendix.) the aedeagus of pustulosus differ from those DESCRIPTION: Black with white dots and of guttatus. The lectotype of unidentatus is clayey coating. Length 9.5 to 10 mm. Ros- the specimen figured by Champion (loc. cit.). trum arcuate, about same length as prono- One male was dissected. tum, humped at base, sinuate at sides ven- A pendant tooth occurs also in the female trally behind apex, narrower than apex of of incertus which differs chiefly in having the front femur; that of male punctate at base; antennal scape widened. of female very strongly arcuate, impunctate; BIOLOGY: Two females from Distrito Fe- basal dilation dorsally sulcate. Gular pedun- deral, Mexico, intercepted at Laredo, Texas, cle of male obtusely angulate in front, of fe- bear the notation "In Dahlia tubers." male with sharp backward curved tooth in front of sinuation. Antennal scape straight, Rhodobaenus albopunctatus Champion as long as three-fourths of rostrum, as long Figures 36, 37, 40 as funicle and club combined. Antennal club Rhodobaenus albopunctatus Champion, "1909- roundish, wider than rostrum; spongy apex 1910" [1910], p. 138, pl. 6, figs. 36, 36a (lec- slightly more than one-half length of club. totype, male, Panistlahuaca, Oaxaca, Mexico, Antennal groove separated from eye by here designated from six original specimens in about width of scape. British Museum, examined). Pronotum longer than wide, convex, me- DIAGNOSIS: Bright red elytra, large, very dian space from base to apex impunctate; sparse white dots, no black spots; differs remainder with sparse, tiny punctures sur- from mas and quintus in having rostrum ar- rounded with whitish ring; base feebly sin- cuate; from latens in having pronotum more uate. Elytra longer than pronotum by about elongate; from buchanani in having hind one-third; color of clayey coating slightly femora linear, not clavate. (See table 1.) darker than that of pronotum; whitish punc- RANGE: Mexico. 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FIG. 40. Distribution of Rhodobaenus albopunctatus, mas, quintus, buchanani, latens, and bellus. (The locality, Ixcuintla, Guerrero, Mexico, for albopunctatus was not found.)
DESCRIPTION: Red with white dots. Length intervals; striae with punctures not or faintly 5 to 6.5 mm. Rostrum as described for bu- visible; suture with dots smaller, denser. chanani, but basal dilation dorsally sulcate Prosternum not tumid, red with large black or not. Gular peduncle of male flat, of female spot laterally; middle coxal interspace one- with tiny prominence extending forward. third diameter of coxae; venter and legs Antennal scape and groove as described for mostly black. Femora gradually widened buchanani. Antennal club roundish, not wid- from base to apex. Pygidium with apex tu- er than apex of rostrum; spongy apex one- mid, narrowly rounded, bypassing apex of half length of club. abdomen. Pronotum convex, longer than wide, red Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus as with three black stripes (lateral stripes very described for buchanani. short), sparse white dots smaller than those REMARKS: The lectotype is the specimen of elytra. Elytra longer than pronotum by illustrated by Champion. The locality "Sier- about one-third, scarcely wider, red with ra de Durango" of one of the paralectotypes large, widely scattered white dots as wide as is probably not in the northern state of Du- 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 143 rango, but in Oaxaca or Veracruz in the Pronotum flat, subconical, longer than south, according to a note by Champion (p. wide; sides obliquely narrowing from base to 210) on another species. apex, red with sparse white dots and three Two of the three paralectotypes before me long black stripes merging with black basal (the three others and the lectotype are not band, some red showing on sides beyond lat- now available) are actually species distinct eral black stripes. Elytra nearly twice length from albopunctatus and from each other. of pronotum and at base wider; white dots Rhodobaenus albopunctatus differs from narrower than intervals; striae with punc- one of these, which I am naming latens, in tures not evident. Prosternum feebly tumid, having the rostrum evenly arcuate (fig. 36), black except for red apical band and long red not bent backward (fig. 34), and the femora spot laterally; middle coxal interspace about feebly wider at the apex than at the base, not one-third diameter of coxae. Femora twice strictly linear. It differs from the other new as wide before apex as at base. Pygidium species (mas) in the strongly, not feebly ar- convex, broadly rounded. cuate rostrum, shorter elytra, and more elon- Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with gate pronotum. The aedeagus of the three apex feebly emarginate, membranous medi- species differs also. ally; borders narrow; in profile upper border One of each sex was dissected. oblique to rounded apex. VARIATION FROM HOLOTYPE: In the two Rhodobaenus buchanani, new species female paratypes (6.5 to 7.5 mm.) the ros- Figures 5, 36, 40 trum is more strongly arcuate and slightly TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, and longer than that of the holotype; in the para- paratype, female, Cerro Tancitaro, Michoa- type from Tepoztlan the white dots of the can, Mexico, 7800 feet, July 8, 1941, H. dorsum are much larger and there are small Hoogstraal, collector, "on thistle," and white dots present on the striae of the elytra. paratype, female, Tepoztlan, Morelos, Mex- ETYMOLOGY: The species is named in hon- ico, September 4, 1944, N. L. H. Krauss, or of the weevil specialist, L. L. Buchanan, collector, all in the National Museum of Nat- for many years at the National Museum in ural History, Smithsonian Institute, Wash- Washington, D.C. He had placed his hand- ington, D.C. written label under the specimen I chose for DIAGNOSIS: Differs from albopunctatus holotype: "? n. sp. L. B. '48 (too narrow for and allied red species with white dots in hav- albopunctatus)." ing femora distinctly clavate (twice as wide REMARKS: The paratype from Tepoztlan at apex as at base), elytra twice length of resembles mas in spotting and coloration but pronotum, and pronotum subconical. Prono- the rostrum and femora differ. Dorsally, the tum black at center, laterally, and basally; holotype of buchanani is most like nigropic- elytra without black markings. tus, but in that species the spongy apex of RANGE: Mexico. the club is very small and the antennal scape DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE: Red with is short and wide. Some small specimens of white dots. Length 7 mm. Rostrum black, varieguttatus that lack the black marks of strongly arcuate, scarcely humped at base, the elytra could be confused with buchan- shorter than pronotum, not quite as wide as ani, but in buchanani the elytra are propor- apex of front femur; basal dilation dorsally tionally longer, the rostrum strongly arcuate, sulcate. Gular peduncle rounded. Antennal not nearly straight, the femora clavate, not scape longer than three-fourths length of ros- linear, and the female has no bidentate gular trum, as long as funicle and club combined. peduncle. Antennal club wider than apex of rostrum; All three specimens were dissected. spongy apex about one-half length of club. BIOLOGY: The holotype and paratype from Antennal groove with posterior border dis- Cerro Tancitaro are labeled as being found tant from eye by width of scape. "on thistle." 144 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
Rhodobaenus quintus, new species Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus wid- Figures 29, 37, 40 ening to emarginate, medially membranous apex; borders very narrow; in profile upper TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, Real de border oblique to rounded apex. Arriba, Temascaltepec, [Mexico] Mexico, VARIATION FROM HOLOTYPE: The three July 13, 1933, H. E. Hinton, R. L. Usinger, females measure from 8 to 9 mm. The holo- collectors, in the National Museum of Nat- type and two of the paratypes are dorsally ural History, Smithsonian Institute, Wash- similar, being dark, glossy red with faint ington, D.C. Three female paratypes, Mexi- white dots, but the paratype from Oaxaca is co, as follows: Tepoztlan, Morelos, August bright, velvety red with larger dots, as wide 20, 1956, R. and K. Dreisbach, collectors; as the intervals, and longer lateral black Volcan, Colima, 1918, J. Lane, collector, stripes on the pronotum. In the three females both in the same institution, and 5 km. north the pronotum appears wider, more squarish of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, 1700 m., June 14, 1979, than that of the holotype. H. and A. Howden, collectors, in Howden ETYMOLOGY: The species name is from collection. the Latin quintus, fifth, meaning that this DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished from allied red, was the fifth of the white-dotted, red-elytra white-spotted species in having elytra at base forms to be studied. distinctly wider than pronotum; and sides of REMARKS: Dorsally, at first glance, this pronotum parallel from base to beyond mid- species resembles a small pustulosus, but dle whence arcuate to apex (fig. 29). Elytra differs in having no black spots on the elytra, without black marks. the scutellum not setose, and the pronotum RANGE: Mexico. with less black. It is not unlike albopuncta- DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE: Dark red tus and buchanani, but differs from them, as with faint white dots. Length 8 mm. Rostrum well as from mas and latens as shown in black, scarcely arcuate, feebly humped at table 1. The sexes are very similar and all base, shorter than pronotum, same width four specimens were dissected, in all or in from antennal groove to apex, distinctly nar- part. rower than apex of front femur, feebly punc- tate; basal dilation dorsally finely sulcate. Rhodobaenus mas, new species Gular peduncle flat, with tiny right angle in Figures 24, 26, 37, 40 front. Antennal scape nearly as long as ros- trum, as long as funicle and club combined. TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, Oaxaca, Antennal club roundish, wider than apex of Oaxaca, Mexico, June 24 to July 31, 1968, rostrum; spongy apex about one-half length G. Pollard, collector, in Howden collection, of club. Antennal groove with posterior bor- OttawA, and paratype, male, same data ex- der distant from eye by width of scape. cept July 12. Four male paratypes from state Pronotum feebly convex, slightly longer of Oaxaca: Juquila Mixes, 4700 feet, April than wide, red, with short black median and July 1969, W. S. Miller, collector, three stripe and basolateral black spot; punctures in Howden collection; Panistlahuaca, one sparse, faintly white, smaller than those of [paralectotype of albopunctatus Champion] elytra. Elytra dark red, distinctly wider than in British Museum. pronotum, longer than pronotum by more DIAGNOSIS: Pronotum red with three black than one-half; white dots narrower than in- stripes; elytra red, both with white dots. In tervals, sparse, separated by from four to six scarcely arcuate rostrum and other charac- times their diameter; strial punctures not ev- ters in Description below resembles quintus, ident. Prosternum not tumid, black with but differs from it in having base of elytra some red apically; middle coxal interspace only feebly wider than pronotum and aede- one-third diameter of coxae. Femora gradu- agus with apex strongly emarginate, hol- ally widening to apex, but not clavate. Py- lowed out, and sclerotized, not membranous gidium convex with apex tumid, narrowly medially. rounded. RANGE: State of Oaxaca, Mexico. 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 145
DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE: Red with Three males, including the holotype, were white dots. Length 8 mm. Rostrum black dissected. with apex reddish, feebly arcuate, humped and wider at base, about same length as Rhodobaenus latens, new species pronotum, distinctly narrower than apex of Figures 25, 34, 40 front femur, punctate densely at base, TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, Iguala, sparsely toward apex; basal dilation dorsally Guerrero, Mexico, August 20, 1956, A. W. finely sulcate. Gular peduncle feebly sinuate Vazques, collector, in the National Museum behind, with small right angle in front. An- of Natural History, Smithsonian Institute, tennal scape, club and groove as described Washington, D.C. Five female paratypes for quintus. from Mexico: 9.5 miles northwest of Mexico Pronotum convex, slightly longer than City, Mexico, August 15, 1957, J..ckman wide, red with three black stripes, white dots (?), collector, one; 39 miles east of Villa smaller than those of elytra, some sparse, Union, Sinaloa, August 27, 1960, one; 10 some dense. Elytra red with suture faintly miles northeast of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, June 20, black, slightly wider than pronotum, nearly 1966, J. B. Karren, collector, one; Santa twice length of pronotum; white dots as wide Rosa [state?], July 1973, Lenczy, collector, as intervals, separated by about twice their one; all in O'Brien collection; Mexico, Sharp diameters; striae with dense, smaller white collection, one [paralectotype of albopunc- dots. Prosternum, femora, coxae, and py- tatus Champion], in the British Museum. gidium as described for quintus. Guatemala: 40 miles northwest of Huehue- Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with tenango, August 17, 1972, G. F. and S. Hev- apex strongly emarginate, hollowed out, el, collectors, one female in the National sclerotized; borders narrow; in profile wid- Museum of Natural History. ening from base to apex, and upper border DIAGNOSIS: Dorsally resembles other oblique to rounded apex. small species that have red elytra with white VARIATION FROM HOLOTYPE: All the dots and no black spots; distinguished from specimens are muddy; when brushed with them in having rostrum flattened at dorsal water, in two the elytra are entirely red, in apex, thus narrower at apex when viewed in one the six central intervals and part of the profile; mesosternal process narrower and outer intervals are striped with black, and in hind femora strictly linear, not wider at apex the remaining three the suture is black. In than at base. one male the apex of the aedeagus is feebly, RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala. not strongly emarginate. In several para- DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE: Red with types there is no red at the apex of the ros- white dots. Length 6 mm. Rostrum black, trum. The size range is from 8 to 8.5 mm. arcuate, strongly humped at base, as long as ETYMOLOGY: The Latin species name, pronotum, slightly narrower than apex of mas, meaning male, refers to the lack of fe- front femora, narrowed at dorsally flat apex, males in the type series. impunctate except for base; basal dilation REMARKS: At first I thought this species dorsally not sulcate. Gular peduncle flat with was albopunctatus, but the rostrum is only minute extension forward. Antennal scape, feebly arcuate in mas and the pronotum is club, and groove as described for quintus not so elongate. The rostrum is similar to and mas. that of the male of varieguttatus from which Pronotum convex, about as wide as long, mas differs in having the pronotum shorter red with sparse white dots; median stripe, and stouter, the white dots generally larger, basal band and lateral spot black. Elytra not filling the intervals of the elytra, and the sec- wider than pronotum, longer than pronotum ond segment of the antennal funicle short, as by one-half; white dots narrower than inter- wide as long. In the type series of this vals, sparse, separated by from four to six species and of latens are two of the paralec- times their diameter; striae with fine, dense totypes of albopunctatus. white dots. Prosternum red with black me- 146 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171 dially and black spot on border; middle coxal of elytra, not same size; femora clavate, not interspace one-fourth or one-fifth diameter of linear, and pronotum in many cases with coxae. Femora as wide at base as at apex, slightly elevated median line. black and red. Pygidium tumid; apex narrow- RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador. ly rounded. (For approximately 100 specimens exam- Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with ined, see Appendix.) apex subtruncate; borders narrow; in profile DESCRIPTION: Grayish black with whitish upper border oblique to acuminate apex. spots. Length 7.5 to 9 mm. Rostrum strong- VARIATION FROM HOLOTYPE: The para- ly, evenly arcuate, not or feebly humped at types measure 6.5 mm. In some the basal base, about as long as pronotum, not wider dilation of the rostrum is finely sulcate. One than apex of front femur; that of male dis- paratype is very dark, having broad lateral tinctly punctate; that of female less punctate, black stripes on the pronotum as well as a longer than that of male; basal dilation dor- median stripe and basal band, and the elytra sally sulcate. Gular peduncle of male extend- black except for red at the base and faintly ing slightly forward; of female sharply an- on the sides; on one elytron the white dots gulate in front. Antennal scape longer than are mostly effaced. In the paratype from one-half length of rostrum, longer than fu- Mexico City the white dots did not show un- nicle; spongy apex about one-half length of til washed with a brush. In some paratypes club. Antennal club as wide as or wider than the legs are entirely black. rostrum. Antennal groove separated from ETYMOLOGY: The species name is from eye by width of apex of scape. the Latin participle latens, to lurk, lie hid- Pronotum longer than wide, flat, with den, referring to the paratype that was "hid- dense whitish spots except for impunctate, den" in the type series of albopunctatus. feebly elevated median line; spots much REMARKS: The rostrum is not strongly, smaller than those of elytra. Elytra longer evenly arcuate and of the same width than pronotum by one-half, wider, with whit- throughout as it is in albopunctatus and ish spots as wide as intervals, some spots buchanani, rather it is strongly arcuate and dense, but those on disc separated longitu- humped at the base, thence bent backward dinally by four or five times their diameter, or downward without further arcuation (fig. smaller and denser on suture and minute on 34). (See table 1 for additional differences.) striae. Prosternum not or scarcely tumid, The geographic distribution of the species with dense whitish spots, behind coxae rath- is quite wide-spaced, from Sinaloa, Mexico, er tumid; middle coxal interspace from one- south to Guatemala (see map, fig. 40). third to one-half diameter of coxae; remain- All seven specimens were dissected, in all der below with white spots. Femora clavate. or only partially to ascertain the sex. Pygidium convex, not tumid; apex truncate. Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with apex truncate; borders narrow; in profile up- Rhodobaenus nigrolineatus Chevrolat per border oblique to rounded apex. Figures 36, 37 REMARKS: The female of nigrolineatus dif- Rhodobaenus nigrolineatus Chevrolat, 1885, p. fers from that of varieguttatus in having a 285 (Oaxaca, Mexico; type, male, in Naturhis- single sharp angle at the apex of the rostrum, toriska Riksmuseum, examined). not two angles, one behind the other. In var- Rhodobaenus suturellus Chevrolat, 1885, p. 285 ieguttatus many specimens are red, but I (Mexico; type, female, in Naturhistoriska Riks- have seen only one nigrolineatus with the museum, examined; synonymized by Champi- pronotum reddish and with three black on). stripes. Worn males of either species with DIAGNOSIS: Similar to grayish black indi- the white spots effaced can be separated by viduals of varieguttatus, but differs in having the smaller punctures of the pronotum of rostrum more arcuate, less punctate; white nigrolineatus and its convex, not tumid py- spots of pronotum much smaller than those gidium. In confusus, in which the rostrum is 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 147 also arcuate, the white spots of the elytra are with feeble basal keel or distinct long keel; merged into white streaks at base and apex. in profile upper border oblique to apex. Three males were dissected. REMARKS: The rostrum is wider and more strongly arcuate than that of nigrolineatus. Rhodobaenus confusus Chevrolat The elytra at the base are distinctly wider than the pronotum which is not true of ci- Rhodobaenus confusus Chevrolat, 1885, p. 285 nereiventris, a larger species than confusus, (Mexico; type in Naturhistoriska Riksmu- which differs further in having a very nar- seum). row, long rostrum. Of other species with DIAGNOSIS: Differs from other species white streaks, cinctus has black velvety with white spots and flat pronotum in having patches on the elytra, and in nebulosus, bel- clear cut elytral pattern of white streaks as lus, biundulatus, and leucographus the described below, not simply white spots as pronotum is depressed basally. Two of each in nigrolineatus and varieguttatus. sex were dissected. RANGE: Mexico, mostly in the south. (For This is the only species I have found, in 26 specimens examined, see Appendix.) addition to lebasii and quinquepunctatus DESCRIPTION: Red and black, or black, that has a keel on the underside of the ae- with white spots and streaks. Length 7 to 9 deagus. mm. Rostrum red apically, black basally, strongly arcuate, not humped at base, robust Rhodobaenus cinereiventris Champion (as wide as apex of front femur), not quite as long as pronotum; that of male punctate, of Figure 6 female impunctate in apical portion; basal Rhodobaenus cinereiventris Champion, "1909- dilation dorsally sulcate. Gular peduncle of 1910" [1910], p. 138, pl. 6, figs. 34, 34a, 35 male slightly tilted upward or flat; of female (lectotype, male, Misantla, Veracruz, Mexico, with sharp tooth in front. Antennal scape here designated from four original specimens reddish, longer than one-half length of ros- in British Museum, examined). trum and than funicle. Antennal club round- DIAGNOSIS: Dorsally resembles grayish ish, as wide as apex of rostrum; spongy apex white-spotted or reddish specimens of con- about one-half length of club. Antennal fusus which differ in having white spots groove separated from eye by slightly more merged into streaks on elytra, and rostrum than width of scape at apex. wider, more robust. Pronotum longer than wide, feebly convex RANGE: Southern Mexico, Guatemala, El at middle, flat or faintly impressed behind, Salvador. (For 14 specimens examined, see black or red with three black stripes and cov- Appendix.) ered with white spots except on median DESCRIPTION: Grayish black or red and stripe (median can be feebly elevated). Ely- black with white spots. Length 9 to 10.5 mm. tra longer than pronotum by one-third or Rostrum strongly evenly arcuate, not humped more, and wider; red or blackish with dense at base, same width throughout, narrower white setose streaks on each interval in api- than apex of front femur, mostly impunctate; cal and subbasal areas, forming wide bands that of male same length as pronotum; of fe- that surround center of disc where are visible male slightly longer than pronotum, more only several widely separated white dots on arcuate and narrower than that of male; basal each interval. Prosternum feebly tumid, dilation dorsally deeply sulcate to beyond mostly black, but reddish in front; middle angulation over antennal groove. Gular pe- coxal interspace about one-third diameter of duncle of male flat, of female with tiny sharp coxae; below spotted with white. Femora tooth in front. Antennal scape longer than gradually widened to apex. Pygidium apex one-half length of rostrum, almost as long as tumid, subacuminate. club and funicle combined. Antennal club Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with roundish, wider than apex of rostrum; apex truncate; borders narrow; ventrally spongy apex not quite one-half length of 148 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171 club. Antennal groove either opening onto subcylindricus in having antennal scape di- eye or separated from eye by less than width lated (at apex more than one-half width of of scape at base; lower border angulate un- apex of rostrum); differs from subcylindricus der rostrum. in having scape much wider at apex, not of Pronotum longer than wide, convex in equal width throughout, and pygidium mere- front, somewhat flattened behind, black or ly convex, not bulbously tumid. (rarely) red with three black stripes. Elytra RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica. longer than pronotum by one-half, scarcely (For three specimens examined, see Appen- wider; intervals with sparse or dense whitish dix.) spots such as on pronotum; white spots more DESCRIPTION: Grayish or black with white marked in front of and behind middle where dots. Length 12 to 18 mm. Rostrum slightly can enclose dark median patch; striae whit- shorter than pronotum, feebly arcuate, not ish but punctures not visible; red specimens humped, but thicker at base, narrower than with black marks laterally, medially and api- apex of front femur, ventrally setose in basal cally. Prosternum feebly, if at all, tumid; half, densely punctate; angulation of basal middle coxal interspace about one-third di- dilation scarcely evident, dorsally sulcate. ameter of coxae. Femora feebly clavate. Py- Gular peduncle of male rounded, of female gidium tumid medially and apically, subacu- with sharp, backward pointing curved tooth minate. in front. Antennal scape dilated, com- Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with pressed, as wide as one-half or more width apex scarcely emarginate; borders narrow; of rostrum, twice as wide at apex as at base; in profile upper border oblique to rounded longer than one-half length of rostrum. An- apex. tennal club roundish; apical spongy part REMARKS: The lectotype is the specimen about one-half length of club. Antennal figured by Champion. The claw excavation groove opening onto eye. is very prominent. When viewed with the Pronotum convex, longer than wide, gray- naked eye, there are visible median and hu- ish, with whitish spots around dense punc- meral dark areas on the elytra caused by the tures. Elytra one-half longer than pronotum, sparser white dots near them; in confusus scarcely wider, grayish brown or suffused such dark areas stand out in more contrast with red; vague darker transverse band in- as they are bounded by white streaks. Soine dicated; intervals and striae with white dots, cinereiventris in which the dark areas are not some as wide as intervals, around punctures. evident resemble nigrolineatus, but they dif- Prosternum not tumid, middle intercoxal fer from that species in having the femora space about one-third diameter of coxae. less clavate, the pygidium tumid, not merely Femora linear, gradually feebly widened. Py- convex, and more pointed, and the elytra gidium evenly convex, narrowing to truncate scarcely wider than the pronotum. apex. Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus not examined. Rhodobaenus incertus (Champion) REMARKS: Other attributes of incertus are Homalostylus incertus Champion, "1909-1910" small, narrow eyes, slightly widened and sin- [1910], p. 118, pl. 5, figs. 33, 33a (Toxpam, Ve- uate hind tibiae, a very short second tarsal racruz, Mexico; type, male, in British Museum, segment, and the claw segment not excavat- examined). ed. The smooth claw segment would relate Rhodobaenus dentifer Champion, " 1909-1910" it to the nawradii-like species, none of which [1910], p. 126, pl. 6, figs. 10, lOa (La Palma, has a widened scape. The toothed gular pe- Costa Rica; type, female, in British Museum, duncle of the female is similar to that of gut- examined). New synonymy. tatus (Fahraeus). The dorsal aspect is much DIAGNOSIS: Differs from other white-dot- as in cinereiventris Champion. ted grayish or reddish species except for If Champion had had the female of incer- 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 149
tus with its rostral tooth, he probably would than at base. Pygidium bulbously tumid, have noticed its similarity to the female of long, its apex extending beyond apex of ab- his R. dentifer which differs from the male domen by length of fourth abdominal seg- type of incertus only in the tooth and in ment. being much larger (18 mm.) and in having a Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with rough and eroded surface. apex truncate (feebly emarginate when viewed from below); borders thick; in profile upper border rounded to apex where feebly Rhodobaenus subcylindricus (Champion) recurved. Figure 7 REMARKS: The lectotype is red with black Homalostylus subcylindricus Champion, "1909- markings. In the female paralectotype and in 1910" [1910], p. 119, pl. 5, figs. 34, 34a (Due- the male from El Salvador the black mark- nas, Guatemala; lectotype, male, here desig- ings scarcely show on the grayish surface, nated from original pair, male in the British but these specimens when wetted turn red- Museum, female in the National Museum of dish and show the markings. The first tarsal Natural History, Smithsonian Institute, exam- segment is shorter than the claw segment, ined). whereas in most species they are of equal DIAGNOSIS: Reddish or grayish, covered length. The eighth tergum of the male within with large white dots; elongate, parallel-sid- the long pygidium is also longer than that of ed, with exceedingly long pygidium, and most species. wider than normal, straight antennal scape. Superficially like varieguttatus and allies. Rhodobaenus suturalis (Gyllenhal) RANGE: Guatemala, El Salvador. (For four examined, see Appendix.) Sphenophorus suturalis Gyllenhal, 1838, p. 904 specimens Riks- DESCRIPTION: Red or gray with white (Brazil; type, male, in Naturhistoriska museum, examined). For synonymy, see Vau- dots. Length 8 to 9.5 mm. Rostrum shorter rie (1980), or Checklist above. than pronotum, slightly narrower than apex of front femur, not humped at base, straight, DIAGNOSIS: Extremely variable. Agrees densely punctate; basal dilation scarcely evi- with nigropictus and rhinopilus in having dent, dorsally not sulcate. Gular peduncle of antennal scape short (not longer than funicle) male flat, of female obtuse. Antennal scape and spongy apex of club only one-third or straight, of same width throughout, longer less length of club but scape and club apex than one-half length of rostrum, less than even shorter, and pronotum in majority ba- one-half width of apex of rostrum, about sally impressed. same length as funicle. Antennal club elon- RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica; gate, wider than apex of rostrum; spongy Venezuela, Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina. apex about one-half length of club. Antennal (For 188 specimens examined, see Vaurie, groove opening onto eye. 1980; for 14 additional ones, see Appendix.) Pronotum convex, longer than wide, dark DESCRIPTION: (See Vaurie, 1980.) red with three faint black stripes or blackish REMARKS: The spongy apex of the club is with two red stripes; white dots around scarcely visible in some specimens. The dense punctures; base sinuate. Elytra ob- many synonyms of suturalis attest to its vari- long, longer than pronotum by one-half, but ability; the red elytra can have two round scarcely wider, reddish with faint black black spots or two oblique spots at the mid- marks on humerus, laterally at middle and dle, with or without black marks laterally or apex, also medially as large common spot; apically; in some specimens there are dense intervals with large whitish dots. Prosternum yellowish dots or streaks; the strongly ar- not tumid, red with faint black stripe; middle cuate rostrum is black or red; on the prono- intercoxal space about one-third diameter of tum is a black median stripe, and in some coxae. Femora linear, scarcely wider at apex individuals short lateral stripes. 150 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
This species is essentially from South REMARKS: This species is one of the small- America, only four or five specimens having est. It is about the same size and coloration been seen from North America (including the as bisignatus, but differs from it in having types of two of the synonyms). more black marks on the elytra, the punc- tures indicated by whitish spots, the prono- Rhodobaenus nigropictus Champion tum flat, not impressed basally, and the an- Rhodobaenus nigropictus Champion, " 1909- tennal scape and club apex shorter. A short 1910" [1910], p. 146, pl. 7, figs. 17, 17a (lec- scape and club apex are present also in rhi- totype, male, Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama, here nopilus, but in that species the pronotum designated from four original specimens in Brit- lacks a median black stripe and the rostrum ish Museum, examined). is ventrally setose. The third tarsal segment on the middle and DIAGNOSIS: Small, red, with whitish dots, hind legs is only feebly dilated, being less and black marks on elytra; rostrum strongly than twice wider than the second segment; arcuate, widened at base; pronotum flat; dif- the second segment is longer than normal. In fers from all preceding species except for the few specimens examined, the head be- suturalis in having both antennal scape and tween the eyes is transversely impressed, spongy apex of club shorter. and the scutellum is oblong and scarcely wid- RANGE: Panama. (For four specimens ex- er than an adjacent elytral interval. The lec- amined, see Appendix.) is the DESCRIPTION: Red and black with white totype specimen figured by Champion. spots. Length 6 to 6.5 mm. Rostrum black, Rhodobaenus rhinopilus Vaurie very strongly arcuate, humped, tomentose, and thickened at base where almost twice Rhodobaenus rhinopilus Vaurie, 1980, p. 36, fig. width of apex, feebly punctate, same length 21 (Sapucay, Paraguay; type, male, in British as pronotum; basal dilation dorsally deeply Museum, examined). sulcate. Gular peduncle flat. Antennal scape DIAGNOSIS: Pronotum flat, red on disc. scarcely longer than one-half rostrum, short- Differs from other species in having combi- er than funicle. Antennal club distinctly wid- nation of strongly arcuate rostrum with long, er than apex of rostrum; spongy apex about yellow infrarostral setae; wide pronotum one-third length of club. Antennal groove without median black stripe; antennal scape separated from eye by width of scape at thick, short (not longer than funicle), and an- base. tennal club with spongy apex generally only Pronotum flat, longer than wide, red with about one-fourth length of club. black median stripe and two basolateral tri- RANGE: Costa Rica; Ecuador, Paraguay. angles; covered with whitish dots; in two (For five specimens examined, see Vaurie, specimens black from prosternum is visible 1980, and for additional records, see Appen- dorsally. Elytra longer than pronotum by dix.) about one-half, red with humeral and scutel- DESCRIPTION: (See Vaurie, 1980.) lar areas black, and four black spots across REMARKS: A short scape and short apex middle, black also at center and sides near of the club are present also in the very small apex; intervals with small whitish spots such nigropictus from which rhinopilus differs in as on pronotum; striae with smaller spots. the dorsal pattern and infrarostral setae. In Prosternum not tumid, red with black stripe four specimens of rhinopilus from Costa laterally and whitish spots; middle intercoxal Rica the spongy apex of the club is nearly space from one-third to one-fourth diameter one-half the length of the club, not one- of coxae. Femora gradually widened or fee- fourth, and in two (San Vito and Monte- bly clavate. Pygidium bulbously tumid api- verde) the dorsum is dark red, without no- cally; apex depassing abdomen, acuminate. ticeable black, and their rostral setae are Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus not abraded and very short. In a second speci- examined. men from San Vito, however, the rostral se- 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 151 tae are as abundant as in the type from Par- gropictus, but differs in having rostrum very aguay, and it shows some basal black marks short, wide, and ventrally setose as in bre- on the pronotum. The aedeagus appears api- virostris, from which it differs in having cally more deeply emarginate in the male pronotum flat, not impressed basally. from San Vito than in the male from Mon- RANGE: Mexico, without further locality. teverde. All specimens have long elytra and DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE: Red and the mesosternal process emarginate with two black with white dots. Length 7.5 mm. Ros- lateral knobs tilted upward. trum straight, distinctly shorter than prono- tum, wider by almost one-half than apex of Rhodobaenus lineiger Chevrolat front femur, not humped at base, punctate sparsely, ventrally sulcate and setose on Rhodobaenus lineiger Chevrolat, 1885, p. 282 median carina; dorsally basal (Colombia; type, male, in Naturhistoriska each side of Riksmuseum, examined). dilation deeply sulcate, with few short white setae. Gular peduncle tipped up in front, ob- DIAGNOSIS: Differs from four species that tuse behind. Antennal scape reddish, straight, follow with short, wide rostrum and infra- as long as rostrum, but not longer than fu- rostral setae in having no definite white spots nicle. Antennal club roundish, narrower than around punctures; eyes very narrow; elytra apex of rostrum; spongy apex one-half length on disc with short or long black stripes, not of club. Antennal groove opening onto eye. spotted with white. Hind tibiae arcuate, fem- Pronotum convex, distinctly longer than ora clavate, pronotum basally feebly im- wide; sides scarcely narrowing from base to pressed, sexes externally indistinguishable. apex, red with three black stripes and sparse RANGE: Panama; Colombia, Ecuador, white dots. Elytra almost twice length of Peru, Bolivia. (For 28 specimens examined, pronotum, red with four faint black spots see Vaurie, 1980; for six additional records, across middle, black also at middle of apex; see Appendix.) intervals and suture with white dots separat- DESCRIPTION: (See Vaurie, 1980.) ed by from three to six times their diameter; REMARKS: Among the species in South striae with denser punctures; base bisinuate. America lineiger is quite distinct because of Prosternum not tumid, black at middle, red its short, very wide rostrum, but in Mexico laterally; behind coxae bituberculate; middle and Central America there are four addition- coxal interspace almost one-half diameter of al species with a short, robust rostrum (bre- coxae. Femora linear, same width at apex as virostris, cylindricollis, inopinatus, and ni- at base. Pygidium red, convex; apex round- grosignatus) from which lineiger differs in ed. having no white dots on the elytra, although Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with very small and faint dots are present on the apex rounded-truncate, medially membra- pronotum. nous; borders wide except for narrow apical As I mentioned for the previous species border; in profile apex oblique. (suturalis), this species seems to be only oc- VARIATION FROM HOLOTYPE: The para- casional in Central America. types measure 7 and 8 mm. The scape of the female appears a fraction shorter than that Rhodobaenus inopinatus, new species of the male. The median black spots of the Figures 8, 28 elytra are merged in the male paratype and in the female the spots are so faint as to be TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, and visible. male and female paratypes, Mexico, in Zoo- scarcely logical Museum, Berlin (one paratype to be ETYMOLOGY: The species name is from deposited in the American Museum of Nat- the Latin inopinatus for an "unexpected" ural History). fifth species with very short rostrum. DIAGNOSIS: Dorsum red with black marks REMARKS: The eighth tergum of the partly and white dots. Resembles at first glance ni- dissected female has long, dense apical setae 152 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171 as in females of brevirostris. In both species, velvety marks outlined by white; oblique or and also in lineiger, infrarostral setae and a sickle-shaped on humerus, round laterally median sulcus and carina are present. The near apex, and medially two oblique marks two remaining species with a short, wide ros- meeting at suture and forming V- or heart- trum (cylindricollis and nigrosignatus) differ shaped pattern; intervals with whitish punc- from inopinatus in having the spongy apex tures. Prosternum tumid, grayish, punctate of the antennal club minute, short. as on pronotum; middle coxal interspace The two males were dissected and the fe- from one-third to one-half diameter of coxae male was dissected in part. (one-third in type). Femora wider at apex than at base, on front and middle pairs more clavate. Hind tibiae straight. Pygidium (para- Rhodobaenus cylindricollis Champion type) evenly convex, (type) with tiny sharp Figure 28 apical tumidity; punctures sparse; dorsally Rhodobaenus cylindricollis Champion, " 1909- about as wide as long; apex rounded-trun- 1910" [1910], p. 132, pl. 6, figs. 23, 23a (Cuer- cate. navaca, Morelos, Mexico; type in National Male: Not identified. Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian In- REMARKS: Champion (loc. cit.) chose as stitute, examined). his type a specimen from the National Mu- DIAGNOSIS: Tiny, brownish gray, white- seum of Natural History, Smithsonian Insti- spotted, with short wide rostrum; similar to tute, Washington, D.C.; his paratype, a par- nigrosignatus in having long, parallel-sided tially dissected female, is in the British pronotum and black velvety patches on ely- Museum and is the specimen he illustrated. tra, but elytra much shorter, more uneven, The type (only 4 mm.) was not dissected. pygidium less tumid, and extreme base of Both specimens are similar in coloration and pronotum narrowed. both show the constriction of the pronotum RANGE: Known only from Cuernavaca, at the base and apex as described by Cham- Mexico. (For two specimens examined, see pion. (See Remarks under nigrosignatus.) Appendix.) DESCRIPTION: Grayish with black marks Rhodobaenus nigrosignatus Champion and white dots. Length 4 to 6 mm. Rostrum Figures 9, 28 brownish, shorter than pronotum, feebly ar- cuate, feebly humped at base; in lateral view Rhodobaenus nigrosignatus Champion, "1909- same width throughout, as wide as apex of 1910" [1910], p. 132, pl. 6, figs. 22, 22a (lec- front femur, densely, coarsely punctate; ven- totype, male, Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama, here specimens from curling setae, dorsally car- designated from 10 original trally with small Guatemala and Panama in British Museum, ex- inate or not; basal dilation feeble. Gular pe- amined). duncle flat, rounded in front. Antennal scape reddish, scarcely longer than funicle, only DIAGNOSIS: Resembles strongly cylindri- slightly longer than one-half length of ros- collis in small size; subparallel, long prono- trum. Antennal club oval, scarcely dilated; tum; velvety black oblique or heart-shaped spongy apex small, one-fifth or one-sixth marks on elytra; and short, wide rostrum. length of club. Antennal groove opening onto (For differences, see Remarks.) eye. RANGE: Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama. Pronotum grayish, flat, distinctly longer (For 13 specimens examined, see Appendix.) than wide, with large, dense, white, pitlike DESCRIPTION: Reddish, purplish, or gray- punctures except on short, black median ish with black marks and white dots. Length line; sides subparallel in dorsal view except 5 to 8 mm. Rostrum as described for cylin- where apically constricted, medially feebly dricollis but some specimens showing medi- sinuous, and basally feebly constricted. Ely- an carina ventrally, some having apex wider tra longer than pronotum by only one-third, than remainder of rostrum. Gular peduncle scarcely wider, brownish gray with black either rounded in front or subangulate. An- 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 153
tennal scape, club, and groove as described collis is only moderately tumid and is api- for cylindricollis, but scape can be a little cally truncate, not acuminate; the hind tibiae longer, and spongy apex of club in some of nigrosignatus are feebly arcuate, not specimens longer, one-third or one-fourth straight; the pronotum of nigrosignatus is length of club. sinuous in profile because of the feeble basal Pronotum feebly transversely depressed impression, not flat; the mesosternal process behind middle, distinctly longer than wide, is wider than that of cylindricollis. red with three black stripes, or blackish, Another species with a heart-shaped black either with large, dense, pit-like punctures or velvety mark medially on the elytra is v-ni- with finer, smaller white dots; sides subpar- grum Champion which is larger, heavier, and allel from base to apically constricted apex. differs further in having the claw segment Elytra as described for cylindricollis, but smooth, not excavated, the pronotum short- generally red or purplish instead of gray, and er and flat, the tarsi dorsally tomentose, not longer than pronotum by one-half. Proster- shining, and the femora strongly clavate. num tumid; middle coxal interspace one-half Two of each sex were dissected. diameter of coxae. Femora as described for cylindricollis. Hind tibiae feebly arcuate. Py- Rhodobaenus brevirostris Champion gidium abruptly, broadly tumid, with sparse Figure 28 punctures, dorsally longer than wide, and Rhodobaenus brevirostris Champion, " 1909- appearing subacuminate because of tumidity 1910" [1910], p. 133, pl. 6, figs. 24, 24a (lec- extending beyond abdomen. totype, male, Volcan de Atitlan, Guatemala, Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with here designated from three original specimens apex rounded-truncate; borders narrower to- from Mexico and Guatemala, in British Mu- ward apex than at middle; in profile apex seum, examined). oblique. Rhodobaenus veraepacis Champion, "1909-1910" REMARKS: Champion (loc. cit.) called ni- [1910], p. 133, pl. 6, figs. 25, 25a (San Juan, grosignatus "a remarkably distinct form Verapaz, Guatemala: type, male, in British "which it is, but in some of its aspects Museum, examined; synonymized by Kuschel, it is scarcely distinguishable from cylindri- 1955). collis. Unfortunately cylindricollis is repre- DIAGNOSIS: Agrees with nigrosignatus, sented by only two examples, therefore the cylindricollis, and inopinatus in having degree of variation cannot be compared with short, wide straight rostrum (fig. 28), but dif- nigrosignatus which varies greatly. Some fers from them in having deep, distinct nigrosignatus are reddish and rather smooth depression at base of pronotum. Pronotum of surface, a number are rough and eroded, similar to that of adspersus, maculifer, and with a brownish gray covering as in cylin- allies but rostrum differs. dricollis; in some the white punctures of the RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, pronotum form little craters, in some the Nicaragua. (For 10 specimens examined, see white dots are partly effaced. Both species Appendix.) possess unusual characters, such as the mes- DESCRIPTION: Red or grayish with some epimeron having only two large punctures black marks and large or small white spots. filling the space, the metepimeron having a Length 8 to 11 mm. Rostrum straight, not single row of six large punctures, the prono- humped at base, distinctly shorter than tum with a deep apical constriction. I would pronotum, wider than apex of front femur, have considered them conspecific, but sev- punctate in basal half, ventrally sulcate and eral characters seem to separate them, bear- setose on each side of median carina; basal ing in mind that we have only two examples dilation dorsally sulcate, generally with only of cylindricollis. Thus, in nigrosignatus the very feeble angulation over antennal inser- elytra are longer, the apex of the pygidium tion. Gular peduncle flat; rounded in front. is bulbously tumid, jutting out markedly be- Antennal scape dark red to black, straight, yond the abdomen, whereas that of cylindri- almost as long as rostrum, but not longer 154 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171 than funicle. Antennal club elongate, not DIAGNOSIS: Grayish black species identi- wider than rostrum; spongy apex about, or fiable by combination of white dots, promi- almost, one-half length of club. Antennal nent bituberculate base of prosternum be- groove separated from eye by at least width hind the coxae, and deep, wide transverse of scape. impression near base of pronotum; elytra Pronotum subconical, distinctly longer subtriangular, stout. than wide, red or grayish with three black RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, stripes and sparse white dots; basal depres- Nicaragua, Panama. (For 76 specimens ex- sion distinct; base feebly sinuate. Elytra amined, see Appendix.) longer than pronotum by one-half, red or DESCRIPTION: Black with whitish dots. grayish with white dots generally filling in- Length 9 to 10.5 mm. Rostrum arcuate, tervals, but widely separated longitudinally, humped at base, about same length as prono- and black markings on humerus, along su- tum; that of male punctate throughout; of fe- ture to middle where expanded, and at apex; male longer, narrower, scarcely punctate; striae with tiny white spots. Prosternum tu- basal dilation dorsally sulcate. Gular pedun- mid in front of coxae; middle intercoxal cle of male rounded; of female with sharp space almost as wide as diameter of coxa. angle in front. Antennal scape longer than Femora linear or very gradually widened. one-half length of rostrum, almost as long as Pygidium almost flat, subacuminate. funicle and club combined. Antennal club Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with wider than apex of rostrum; spongy apex apex truncate; borders very narrow; in pro- more than one-half length of club. Antennal file apex strongly deflexed and narrowly re- groove separated from eye by about width of curved. scape. REMARKS: The lectotype of brevirostris, Pronotum with whitish dots, slightly lon- which is the specimen figured by Champion, ger than wide or as wide as long; base some- is blackish with whitish yellow dots. The what sinuate at middle; basal impression unique type of veraepacis differs only in wide and deep. Elytra with whitish dots, being larger (11 mm.) and grayish brown, and longer than pronotum by more than one-third having smaller whitish spots. Some speci- (by almost twice in some specimens) and dis- mens are bright red and the gray ones show tinctly wider at base; white spots as wide as reddish on the venter or when wet with a intervals, widely separated longitudinally; brush. The prosternal and mesosternal pro- striae with smaller white dots. Prosternum cesses are wider than normal for Rhodoba- slightly tumid in front of coxae; prosternal enus; the eighth tergum of the female is fur- process bituberculate, visible in profile view nished with dense, long apical setae and a (fig. 31); middle coxal interspace from one- long apical sulcus dorsally. The antennal third to one-half diameter of coxae. Femora scape is long in comparison with the short linear, scarcely widening to apex. Pygidium rostrum, but short in comparison with the convex, only feebly tumid at apex. antennal funicle. Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with A male and three females were dissected; apex truncate, membranous at middle; bor- no external differences between the sexes ders wide basally, narrow at apex. were found. REMARKS: Where the whitish spots are very large, this species bears some resem- Rhodobaenus adspersus (Gyllenhal) blance to grayish examples of pustulosus, Figure 31 but in that species the pronotum is convex, Sphenophorus adspersus Gyllenhal, 1838, p. 924 not basally depressed. The spongy apex of (Mexico; type in Naturhistoriska Riksmu- the club is almost as long as that of andreae. seum). Two males and two females were dissected. Rhodobaenus adspersus var. impressus Chevro- BIOLOGY: A specimen from Chicacao, lat, 1885, p. 283 (Mexico; type not located). Guatemala, is labeled "vegetation." 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 155
Rhodobaenus maculifer (Fahraeus) Male: Ventral tubercle at middle of first Figure 20 segment of abdomen. Aedeagus with apex truncate or feebly emarginate, hollowed out; Sphenophorus maculifer Fahraeus, 1845, p. 243 rounded, (Mexico; type in Naturhistoriska Riksmu- borders narrow; in profile apex seum). rather blunt. Rhodobaenus centromaculatus Chevrolat, 1885, REMARKS: Typically maculifer is opaque p. 280 (Cayenne [probably error] type in Na- gray or faintly purplish with large black or turhistoriska Riksmuseum, examined; synony- purple, well-defined spots on the elytra, and mized by Champion.) small scattered white dots. Some individuals that have more than the usual number of DIAGNOSIS: Differs from very similar neb- white dots could be confused with nebulosus ulosus in having (generally) only six not eight but in that species the white dots are much large black spots on elytra, spots sharply de- larger, filling the intervals of the elytra. The fined, not vague, and rostrum either red or typical pattern of maculifer resembles that black, but not black with red apex, and basal of stigmaticus and sexguttatus, two species impression of pronotum shallow. that differ in having the apex of the claw seg- RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala, British Hon- ment smooth, not excavated. Specimens duras, Honduras. (For 56 specimens exam- with the white spots effaced and the median ined, see Appendix.) black stripe of the pronotum lacking can re- DESCRIPTION: Red, gray, or purplish with semble the generally larger olivaceus, which black spots and white spotting. Length 7 to has, however, a much heavier rostrum and 9.5 mm. Rostrum black or red, humped at the elytral black areas, if present, not base, scarcely arcuate or punctate; that of distinct. In some maculifer the antennal male shorter than pronotum, ventrally some- groove is farther from the eye and is sharply what sulcate; of female longer than that of angulate on its hind border. male and narrower than apex of front femur; Champion (loc. cit.) questioned the local- basal dilation dorsally sulcate. Gular pedun- ity of Cayenne for Chevrolat's type of cen- cle of male flat; of female with tiny tooth or tromaculatus which he said was probably prominence extending forward. Antennal mislabeled. scape red or black, as long as three-fourths Four males and a female were dissected. of rostrum, equal to club and funicle com- bined. Antennal club elongate or squarish, Rhodobaenus nebulosus Champion as wide as or wider than apex of rostrum; spongy apex one-half or more of length of Rhodobaenus nebulosus Champion "1909-1910" Antennal groove separated from eye by [1910], p. 135, pl. 6, figs. 28, 28a (lectotype, club. female, Toxpam, Veracruz, Mexico, here des- about width or more of apex of scape. ignated from three original specimens in British Pronotum longer than wide, red when wet, Museum, examined). with three black stripes not invariably pres- ent or not very marked; whitish dots present DIAGNOSIS: Similar to biundulatus, but or not; basal impression distinct. Elytra lon- differing in having both rostrum and antennal ger than pronotum by about one-half, red or scape longer and narrower; eight black spots gray or purplish, with six large black spots of elytra of nebulosus indistinct because of (on humerus, center of disc, at subapical cal- filmy covering of white spots which generally lus), rarely two additional small lateral spots. form a rather angular outline around median Prosternum tumid; red and black; middle in- black area. tercoxal space one-third or one-fourth di- RANGE: Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama. ameter of coxae; remainder below red and (For 17 specimens examined, see Appendix.) black with whitish dots. Femora feebly cla- DESCRIPTION: Grayish or red with black vate, wider at apex than at base. Pygidium areas and white spots. Length 7 to 9 mm. strongly tumid at apex. Rostrum black, but red toward apex, feebly 156 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171 arcuate, humped at base; that of male as long ventral tubercle of the male of nebulosus is as pronotum, punctate to near apex, about close to the front border of the segment, not as wide as apex of front femur; that of female at the middle as that of maculifer. The lec- distinctly longer than pronotum, much nar- totype is the specimen figured by Champion. rower than that of male, impunctate except for extreme base; basal dilation dorsally sul- cate. Gular peduncle of male rounded, of fe- Rhodobaenus biundulatus Champion male obtusely angled behind small tooth. Figure 10 Antennal scape red, about as long as funicle Rhodobaenus biundulatus Champion, "1909- and club combined, as long as three-fourths 1910" [1910], p. 128, pl. 6, figs. 14, 14a (lec- length of rostrum. Antennal club abruptly totype, male, Misantla, Veracruz, Mexico, dilated, about as wide as apex of rostrum; here designated from four males in British Mu- spongy apex about one-half length of club. seum, examined). Antennal groove separated from eye by DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished from majority width of scape or more. of species in having very deep, elliptical Pronotum longer than wide, reddish with depression at base of pronotum, but pattern three black stripes, or gray-brown with im- of elytra similar to that of confusus and neb- punctate median line; punctures encircled by ulosus in having two broad angulate bands large whitish spots; basal impression broad, of whitish dots or streaks outlining darker deep. Elytra longer than pronotum by about median space. one-half, generally covered with gray pow- RANGE: Mexico. (For four specimens ex- dery film through which are visible large amined, see Appendix.) whitish dots as wide as elytral interval and DESCRIPTION: (Male only.) Blackish with sparsely or densely spaced, forming angular white dots. Length 10 to 10.5 mm. Rostrum outline around median black area; each ely- black or dark red, arcuate, feebly humped at tron with three lateral black spots and large, base, shorter than pronotum, stout, almost common median black mark; striae with as wide in profile as clavate part of front fe- punctures visible. Prosternum feebly tumid mur, punctate to near apex; basal dilation in front of coxae; grayish brown or reddish; dorsally sulcate. Gular peduncle flat, angu- middle coxal interspace about one-third di- late in front. Antennal scape black, virtually ameter of coxae. Femora clavate, long, dis- straight, distinctly longer than and almost tinctly wider at apex than at base. Pygidium twice width of funicle, almost as long as ros- strongly, abruptly tumid at apex, long, acu- trum. Antennal club and groove as described minate, depassing apex of abdomen; apex for nebulosus. with long ventral setae joining dorsal setae, Pronotum longer than wide, black with forming tuft. large brownish dots, some coalescing medi- Male: First segment of abdomen with dis- ally; basal impression transversely elongate, tinct ventral tubercle near front of segment. very deep. Elytra longer than pronotum by Aedeagus with apex subtruncate, hollowed one-third, covered with large pale dots as out; borders narrow; in profile apex rounded, wide as intervals; dots before and behind blunt. middle black space merging to form two an- REMARKS: Individuals of nebulosus that gulate whitish bands; striae not visibly punc- have lost their filmy covering can resemble tate. Prosternum, middle coxae, femora, and dorsally some pale, reddish examples of mac- pygidium as described for nebulosus. ulifer, but in nebulosus the black spots of the Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with elytra are vague, indistinct, and the white apex truncate, medially membranous; bor- spots are large, nearly filling the intervals, ders wide; in profile apex oblique. not minute as in maculifer. The long narrow REMARKS: Viewed with the naked eye the rostrum of the female and the long, apically elytra appear somewhat undulating and un- setose, tumid pygidium are about similar in even, an effect present also in one individual both species, as well as the aedeagus. The of nebulosus. In biundulatus the rostrum is 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 157 shorter and wider than that of nebulosus, the or elytra without black bands and with white scape is wider and is straight, not sinuous, dots sparser. Prosternum feebly tumid, black the male has no ventral tubercle, and the ae- with red stripe at middle of sides; middle deagus is somewhat different. In confusus coxal interspace about one-half diameter of the pronotum is not impressed basally. coxae. Femora feebly clavate, distinctly wid- The lectotype is the specimen figured by er at apex than at base. Pygidium abruptly Champion; it is not a female, as labeled, but tumid and feebly cristate at apex, subacu- a male. The lectotype and another male were minate. dissected. Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with apex feebly emarginate; borders basally very Rhodobaenus andreae Chevrolat wide, virtually touching each other, but nar- Figure 19 row at apex; in profile apex oblique. REMARKS: Possibly this species varies Rhodobaenus andreae Chevrolat, 1885, p. 279 Riks- more than is shown by the six specimens ex- (Mexico; type, female, in Naturhistoriska two exam- museum, examined). amined. One variation occurs in ples of Champion's "variety" from Omil- DIAGNOSIS: Bright red, with some black teme, Guerrero, Mexico, in which the white marks; covered densely with white dots; spots are sparser and the elytra have no dark spongy apex of club and rostrum of female bands. In andreae the mesosternal process very long; differs from biundulatus in having is wider than normal, the rostrum of the fe- white dots of elytra not merged into streaks male is exceedingly long, and in one speci- and pronotal depression less strong. men the spongy part of the antennal club RANGE: Mexico. (For six specimens ex- comprises almost the entire club, the basal amined, see Appendix.) sclerotized part being quite minute and an- DESCRIPTION: Red and black, whitish gulate at the middle. Two males were dis- dots. Length 8.5 to 12 mm. Rostrum red or sected. black, not humped at base, in profile narrow- ing feebly before apex, scarcely, if at all, ar- Rhodobaenus arcuatus Champion cuate or punctate, almost as wide as apex of front femur; that of male of same length as Rhodobaenus arcuatus Champion, "1909-1910" pronotum, of female narrower and at least [1910], p. 134, pl. 6, figs. 26, 26a (lectotype, one-fourth longer than pronotum; basal di- male, Toxpam, Veracruz, Mexico, here desig- sulcate. Gular peduncle of nated from three original specimens from Mex- lation dorsally ico and Nicaragua, in British Museum, exam- male rounded in front or slightly angulate, of ined). female with tiny projecting angle. Antennal scape red, longer than one-half rostrum and DIAGNOSIS: Narrow, dark red species longer than funicle. Antennal club elongate- rather similar to nebulosus, but differs in oval, distinctly wider than apex of rostrum; having longer prontoum, and white spots spongy apex three-fourths length of club. minute and very sparse, not large and dense. Antennal groove separated from eye by less Characterized further in having very long than width of scape (in type, opening onto pygidium, femora, antennal scape, and ros- eye). trum; femora linear, middle coxae very nar- Pronotum longer than wide, red with three rowly separated. black stripes scarcely visible under mass of RANGE: Mexico, Nicaragua. (For five dense whitish spots; basal impression wide, specimens examined, see Appendix.) deep. Elytra longer than pronotum by about DESCRIPTION: Dark red with minute white one-third, distinctly wider, red with black spots. Length 7 to 9.5 mm. Rostrum red, fee- oblique band at middle and apex, all densely bly humped at base, strongly arcuate, punctate with whitish spots; spots in red area scarcely punctate, slightly narrower at apex; as wide as elytral interval, in blackish area that of male about as long as pronotum; of smaller; spots of striae small and very dense; female somewhat longer and narrower; basal 158 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171 dilation not sulcate. Gular peduncle of male white streaks and dots. Length 7 to 7.5 mm. flat, rounded in front, of female minutely an- Rostrum red, arcuate, humped and wider at gulate. Antennal scape almost as long as ros- base, at base as wide as apex of front femur, trum, as long as funicle and club combined. ventrally densely setose; that of male about Antennal club roundish, wider than apex of same length as pronotum; of female longer rostrum; spongy apex nearly one-half length and narrower than that of male; basal dila- of club. Antennal groove separated from eye tion dorsally feebly sulcate. Gular peduncle by width of apex of scape. of male obtuse, of female with tiny angle ex- Pronotum distinctly longer than wide, dark tending forward. Antennal scape red, as long red with three faint blackish stripes and whit- as three-fourths of rostrum and as funicle ish dots around punctures; basal impression and club combined. Antennal club roundish, deep. Elytra dark red, longer than pronotum about as wide as apex of rostrum; spongy by one-half, laterally with three faint black apex about one-half length of club. Antennal spots and some black medially and apically; groove separated from eye by width of apex intervals and striae with very small whitish of scape. dots like those of pronotum. Prosternum fee- Pronotum longer than wide, red or pur- bly tumid in front of coxae, dark red; middle plish, with three black stripes; laterally with coxal interspace scarcely wider than front whitish dots and streaks; basal impression interspace, about one-fifth diameter of cox- shallow. Elytra longer than pronotum by ae. Femora long, linear. Pygidium very long, one-half, red or purplish, third to fifth inter- narrow, strongly tumid apically, projecting vals on each elytron, often also ninth inter- beyond abdomen, almost as long as hind tib- val, black and superimposed by short streaks iae. of dense white setae and white dots. Pro- Male: First segment of abdomen at front sternum tumid in front of coxae, red and border with cariniform tubercle. Aedeagus black; middle coxal interspace about one- with apex feebly emarginate, medially mem- half diameter of coxae; below and legs black branous; borders narrow. and red, with white dots. Femora gradually REMARKS: As mentioned by Champion widened, linear. Pygidium with apex tumid, (loc. cit.), this species "has much the facies rather acuminate. of Homalostylus [Rhodobaenus] dentiros- Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with tris." In fact, a female of arcuatus from San- apex feebly emarginate; borders wide, but tecomapan, Mexico, was considered provi- narrowing to apex; in profile apex rounded sionally by Champion as the female of and feebly recurved. dentirostris, although he noted that it did not REMARKS: This species in perfect condi- have the scape dilated as in dentirostris. The tion is unmistakable. Otherwise it can resem- lectotype is the specimen figured by Cham- ble bellus, but it differs from bellus in having pion. on the elytra very white, almost convex streaks, not many white dots that merge on Rhodobaenus leucographus (Fahraeus) some intervals, and in having black stripes, Figures 11, 41 not black spots; the rostrum differs also, and are not Sphenophorus leucographus Fahraeus, 1845, p. the femora of leucographus linear, 240 (Mexico; type in Naturhistoriska Riksmu- clavate. It might be mistaken for cinctus, but seum). cinctus differs in having the black parts as spots, not stripes, and the white streaks DIAGNOSIS: Characterized by dense, se- forming different patterns. tose, short, white longitudinal streaks on Three males were dissected. several intervals of elytra and on sides of pronotum, rather purplish ground color, and BIOLOGY: A male from Tancitaro, Mi- infrarostral setae. choacan, Mexico, was collected at 6000 feet RANGE: Mexico. (For 13 specimens ex- "'sweeping shrubs," and a specimen from amined, see Appendix.) Valle de Bravo, Mexico, Mexico, "sweeping DESCRIPTION: Reddish or purple with roadside vegetation." 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 159
Rhodobaenus bellus, new species gate median spots; black spots laterally and Figures 12, 40 apically; intervals filled with large white spots. Prosternum tumid in front of coxae, TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, and dark red and black with dense white spots; three male and four female paratypes, 40 km. middle coxal interspace about one-third di- northeast of Turrialba, Cartago-Limon bor- ameter of coxae; remainder below red and der, Costa Rica, 500 m., May 18, 1979, H. black with white spots. Femora distinctly and A. Howden, collectors, in Howden col- clavate, long (extending almost to apex of lection (several paratypes to be deposited in pygidium). Pygidium convex, narrowly the American Museum of Natural History). rounded at tumid apex. Four additional paratypes, as follows: Tu- Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus rrialba, one female, Schild-Burgdorf collec- strongly deflexed, its truncate apex not vis- tion, in Zoologisches Museum, Berlin; San ible when viewed dorsally; in profile apex Jose, Costa Rica, 1160 m., Valerio, collec- blunt, sawed-off. tor, one male, one female in National Mu- VARIATION FROM HOLOTYPE: The females seum of Natural History, Smithsonian Insti- are almost exactly like the holotype except tute, Washington, D.C.; Lino, Chiriqui for the gular peduncle which is furnished province, Panama, one female, in Museum with a minute projection extending forward. National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. In some paratypes the white dots are par- DIAGNOSIS: Pattern of black spots and tially effaced, in others there are more than white dots on elytra similar to those of cinc- in the holotype; in some paratypes the gular tus, but differs from it and from other species peduncle or the angles under the base of the in combination of characters as follows: rostrum are abraded. The length ranges from wide, flattened, not cylindrical rostrum that 6 to 7.5 mm. is acutely, triangularly toothed on each side ETYMOLOGY: The species name is from of base; large triangular gular peduncle; rath- the Latin bellus, meaning beautiful. er widened antennal scape; long prosternum. REMARKS: The wide rostrum and its acute RANGE: Costa Rica, Panama. basal angles at the large antennal opening DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE: Dark red seem incongruous for this dainty little with large black marks and large white spots. species. There are no true streaks as in cinc- Length 6.5 mm. Rostrum red, strongly tus and leucographus, but many dense, wide evenly arcuate, feebly compressed, humped white spots that are merged into partial at base, impunctate except for basal area, as streaks in some areas. The elytra are rela- wide as apex of front femur, longer than tively short; the front border of the mesepi- pronotum; basal dilation dorsally sulcate. meron, as in cinctus, is arcuate-angulate. Gular peduncle forming large right angle. The long, narrow pronotum and the oblique Antennal scape red, virtually straight, as black marks of the elytra are reminiscent of long as one-fourth rostrum, longer than fu- those of the tiny ypsilon from which bellus nicle and club combined, as wide at apex as differs, in addition to the wider scape and one-third width of rostrum. Antennal club rostrum, in having the middle coxae more not wider than rostrum at apex; spongy apex widely separated, the femora more clavate, about one-half length of club. Antennal and the pronotum more strongly impressed groove distant from eye by more than width basally. of scape; posterior border acutely toothed, teeth scarcely visible from above. Four males, including the holotype, and Pronotum longer than wide, dark velvety one female were dissected. red with three black stripes and series of large white spots at base and at sides; basal Rhodobaenus sanguineus (Gyllenhal) distinct. Elytra longer than impression Sphenophorus sanguineus Gyllenhal, 1838, p. 903 pronotum by only one-fourth, dark red with (Mexico; type in Naturhistoriska Riksmu- black marks on humerus and in scutellar re- seum). gion, also obliquely from humerus to elon- Sphenophorus sanguineus var. lineatocollis Gyl- 160 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
FIG. 41. Distribution of Rhodobaenus bisignatus, leucographus, guttatus, and nigrofasciatus. (R. nigrofasciatus occurs also in Colombia, South America.)
lenhal, 1838, p. 903 (Mexico, type in Naturhis- DESCRIPTION: Red and black, no white toriska Riksmuseum; synonymized by Cham- spots. Length 6.5 to 10.5 mm. Rostrum pion). black, rarely red, arcuate, humped at Rhodobaenus haematidus Chevrolat, 1885, p. 278 base, (Mexico; type in Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum; scarcely punctate except for base, longer synonymized by Champion). than pronotum, narrower than apex of front femur; that of female proportionally longer DIAGNOSIS: Readily recognizable for its and narrower than that of male; basal dila- bright red immaculate elytra with black scu- tion dorsally sulcate. Gular peduncle of male tellum and, generally, single black stripe on flat, of female slightly angulate in front. An- pronotum. tennal scape, club, and groove as described RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, for melas, but scape can be red. Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama. (For ap- Pronotum longer than wide, red with me- proximately 440 specimens examined, see dian black stripe entire or interrupted, or Appendix.) with vague blackish lateral stripes also; im- 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 161 punctate; basal impression deep, distinct. Rhodobaenus melas, new species Elytra longer than pronotum by about one- Figure 38 third, red; intervals impunctate; striae with TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype, male, Mon- punctures, if visible, dense. Prosternum tum- teverde Forest Res[erve], Puntarenas-Ala- id in front of coxae, black or black medially juela provinces, Costa Rica, lat. 10°18'N, and red laterally (red can have black spot); long. 84°47'W, 1600 to 1700 m., August 17, remainder below black; middle coxal inter- 1976, R. Gorton, collector, to be deposited space one-fourth diameter of coxae. Femora in the American Museum of Natural History. black or red, distinctly linear, about same Fifty-five paratypes as follows: same data as width from base to apex. Pygidium as de- holotype, but one collected August 13, 1976, scribed for melas. by H. Hespenheide, two males; Pension Male: Ventral tubercle or carina at front Monteverde, Puntarenas, lat. 10°19'N, long. of first abdominal segment. Aedeagus as de- 84°49'W, 1350 m., August 17, 1976, H. Hes- scribed for melas. penheide, collector, one male, two females REMARKS: Examination of many speci- in Hespenheide collection; Monteverde Re- mens shows a quite constant dorsal pattern. serve, May 24, 27, June 1, 1979, 1500 m., H. However, in one specimen the median black and A. Howden, collectors, 21 males, four stripe of the pronotum is absent and in one females; Monteverde, May 23 to June 3, there are faint black spots on the sides of the 1979, 1400 m., same collectors, 10 males, normally red elytra. In Chevrolat's haema- five females; all in Howden collection; Mon- tidus the extreme sides of the prosternum are teverde Area, Puntarenas, June 14, 1973, furnished with a vague black stripe which is 1400 to 1700 m., Erwin and Hevel, collec- visible dorsally in some individuals; the ros- tors, one male, and Chomogo Area, Alajuela trum, femora, and tibiae are red instead of province, lat. 10°18'N, long. 84°47'W, same black, and the surface bears tiny setae in the collectors, one male, both in National Mu- punctures. According to Champion ("1909- seum of Natural History, Smithsonian Insti- 1910" [1910]), these are probably freshly tute, Washington, D.C.; Monteverde, Gua- emerged specimens, and I have seen similar nacaste, May 24 to 26, 1976, A. E. and D. S. setae here and there in other species. The Lewis, collectors, two males, two females, species is similar to melas, which follows, in O'Brien collection; Monteverde Reserve, but is red, not all black. In a few other Puntarenas, January 21-23, 1980, 1400 and species, such as pulchellus, auctus, and 1500 m., one male, one female, R. S. An- cinctus, some specimens have no black derson, collector, in his collection; Pacific spots on the elytra or were never pigmented; slope cordilleras, Chiapas, Mexico, 1919, they differ from sanguineus chiefly in having 800 to 1000 m., L. Hotzen, collector, one the pronotum flat, not impressed basally. male, one female, in National Museum of BIOLOGY: Champion (loc. cit.) reported Natural History, Smithsonian Institute. specimens taken on Dahlia and on corn and DIAGNOSIS: Differs from red sanguineus beans, and a specimen from Guadalajara, in being black, but otherwise very similar; Mexico, is labeled "Dahlia beetle." A male differs from other black species as noted be- from Cuernavaca, Mexico, has a notation by low. N. L. H. Krauss that the larva was collected RANGE: Southern Mexico, Costa Rica. "boring in stem Eupatorium adenophor- ium" in August (Carduaceae, thistle family, DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE: Black. Length or Compositae). Other specimens have been 8 mm. Rostrum black with extreme apex red, taken "on weeds," "sweeping herbs," feebly arcuate, humped at base, slightly "sweeping," on vegetation, and in "human longer than pronotum, impunctate except for dung bait trap." A female from Chipinque base, rostrum not quite as wide as apex of Mesa, near Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexi- front femur; ventrally near base with two rows co, was taken "beating dry oak branches w/ ofminute, depressed setae; basal dilation dor- lichens." sally faintly sulcate. Gular peduncle flat. An- 162 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171 tennal scape almost as long as rostrum, lon- inces of Alajuela, Puntarenas, and Guana- ger than funicle and club combined. Anten- caste come together. (A male and female nal club distinctly wider than apex of ros- from Gua[temala], collected by Scudder, trum; spongy apex three-fourths length of seem to be this species.) club. Antennal groove distant from eye by In seven red species that have black phas- width of scape. es there is generally some red or a suggestion Pronotum longer than wide, subconical, of red that can be brought out by dabbing impunctate on disc, transversely deeply im- with a wet brush. The 56 specimens of me- pressed near base. Elytra longer than prono- las, however, are jet black, except for the bit tum by more than one-half, scarcely wider; of red at the extreme apex of the rostrum, intervals impunctate; striae with minute which does not appear to be significant (it is punctures separated by twice their diame- present in sanguineus and a number of ters. Prosternum tumid in front of coxae; species with black rostrum). Of the more middle coxal interspace about one-fourth di- than 400 specimens examined of sanguineus, ameter of coxae. Femora linear, scarcely a few (Chevrolat's haematidus) have vague wider at apex than at base. Pygidium abrupt- black stripes on the sides of the prosternum- ly tumid in apical half, apex narrowly round- pronotum. ed, depassing apex of abdomen. Other black species with the pronotum im- No ventral tubercle (see Variation below). pressed basally (olivaceus, subcristatus) dif- Aedeagus with apex truncate, medially mem- fer from melas in having the femora clavate, branous; borders wide to near apex where not linear, the aedeagus emarginate, not narrowed; in profile, upper edge oblique to truncate, the antennae inserted closer to the subacuminate apex where feebly recurved. eye, and they are larger and gray, black only VARIATION FROM HOLOTYPE: The para- when greased or worn. In nigrofasciatus the types are very similar except for the length antennal scape is widely dilated, not narrow. which varies from 6.5 to 8.5 mm. In several Seven males, including the holotype, and the basal dilation of the rostrum is not sul- one female were dissected. cate. In a number of males there is a ventral tubercle either at the front of the first seg- ment of the abdomen or between the middle Rhodobaenus bisignatus Champion and the front; it is generally not more than Figures 26, 36, 41 a mere speck. In females the rostrum is Rhodobaenus bisignatus Champion, "1909-1910" slightly longer and narrower than that of [1910], p. 143, pl. 7, figs. 12, 12a (lectotype, males, resulting in the scape appearing short- male, Mexico, here designated from four orig- er; ventrally the rostrum of the female is gla- inal specimens from Mexico in British Mu- brous; and the gular peduncle has a small seum, examined). angle in front. In some paratypes, the elytra DIAGNOSIS: Small red species with, gen- are less long and more robust. erally, only one black stripe on pronotum, ETYMOLOGY: The name of the species is and two or four black spots across middle of from the Greek melas, meaning black. elytra, but blackish phase occurs (see Re- REMARKS: Although melas is black and marks). Differs from bicinctus, deltoides, sanguineus, at least on the dorsum, is red, ypsilon, and sanguineus in having wide and they are remarkably alike in other charac- short, not long and narrow rostrum. ters, and possibly melas is a black phase of RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica. sanguineus. I have seen two examples of (For 26 specimens examined, see Appendix.) each species taken together on the slopes of DESCRIPTION: Red and black, or black. the cordilleras in Chiapas, Mexico, and both Length 6.5 to 8 mm. Rostrum black, strongly occur in Costa Rica (five only of sanguineus). humped at base, arcuate, impunctate or fee- Otherwise sanguineus is widespread and bly punctate, about as wide as apex of front abundant from Mexico south to Panama, and femur; that of male shorter than pronotum; melas only in Costa Rica where the prov- of female slightly longer than that of male; 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 163 basal dilation dorsally sulcate. Gular pedun- black stripes on the pronotum and eight cle of male flat, of female with slight promi- black spots on the elytra-a pattern common nence extending forward. Antennal scape in deltoides, but the short, arcuate rostrum red, almost as long as rostrum, and as long is that of bisignatus. It is interesting that as funicle and club combined. Antennal club three deltoides were collected at Temascal roundish, or distinctly elongate, at least as along with the black form mentioned above. wide as apex of rostrum; spongy apex long, The pronotal depression is so feeble in many one-half or three-fourths length of club. An- bisignatus that it is barely visible. tennal groove separated from eye by width Eight males were dissected, some only of scape (but by somewhat more in several partially in order to establish the sex. blackish individuals). Pronotum longer than wide, red with me- Rhodobaenus ypsilon Chevrolat dian black stripe, or saturated with black, Figures 35, 50 impunctate; basal impression short, faintly marked. Elytra longer than pronotum by Rhodobaenus ypsilon Chevrolat, 1885, p. 280 more than one-half, generally red with one (Mexico; type, male, in Naturhistoriska Riks- or two black spots on each elytron in front museum, examined). of middle (in two examples, additional faint DIAGNOSIS: Smallest species, marked on spot near apex, in some elytra mostly black); elytra as in cariniventris and some deltoides intervals impunctate; striae densely punc- with oblique black stripes (fig. 50), but differs tate. Prosternum flat, black, or black medi- from them in having whitish streaks on dor- ally and red laterally except for black spot or sum, pronotum proportionally longer and short stripe; middle coxal interspace barely narrower, scarcely depressed at base, and one-fourth diameter of coxa, scarcely wider basal dilation of rostrum punctate, not sul- than front coxal interspace. Femora long, cate. linear. Pygidium strongly tumid, acuminate. RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama. apex truncate to emarginate, medially mem- (For 113 specimens examined, see Appen- branous, feebly hollowed out; in profile apex dix.) blunt, rounded. DESCRIPTION: Red and black, generally REMARKS: Champion placed bisignatus with whitish streaks. Length 4.5 to 6 mm. between sanguineus and ypsilon which it re- Rostrum red, humped at base, thence vir- sembles in its long antennal scape and long tually straight; narrower than apex of front spongy apex of the club, but it differs from femur; that of male as long as pronotum and them in the rostrum and in the elytral pat- punctate; that of female slightly longer than tern. In sanguineus and ypsilon, as well as pronotum, impunctate; basal dilation dense- in bicinctus and deltoides, the rostrum of the ly punctate; head between eyes deeply im- female is much longer than that of the male, pressed. Gular peduncle apparently flat and but in bisignatus there is only a slight differ- rounded in both sexes. Antennal scape red, ence between the sexes; dissection is nec- as long as three-fourths length of rostrum, essary as a rule for determination of the sex and as funicle and club combined. Antennal of bisignatus. club dilated, roundish, at least as wide as A black or blackish form from Temascal, apex of rostrum; spongy apex one-half length Oaxaca, Mexico, and Turrialba, Costa Rica, of club. Antennal groove with posterior bor- represented by seven specimens, has the der separated from eye by width of scape; elytra and pronotum almost entirely black, lower border subangulate or tumid. with scattered reddish spots or red suffu- Pronotum distinctly longer than wide, red sions. In other characters these individuals with three black stripes and, in most speci- agree with predominantly red specimens. A mens, whitish dots (or whitish streaks basal- dissected male from Capetillo, Guatemala, ly or laterally); basal impression feeble as a differs from other specimens in having three rule. Elytra longer than pronotum by one- 164 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171 half, red with black extending from behind DESCRIPTION: Red and black. Length 7 to humerus obliquely to central black marks 9 mm. Rostrum red (rarely black), humped and black laterally (fig. 50), also apically at at base, thence virtually straight, impunc- middle (oblique marks are broken in some tate; that of male slightly longer than prono- specimens and lateral black line can become tum, almost as wide as apex of front femur; wider, covering much of the red); intervals of female distinctly longer and slightly nar- generally with whitish dots. Prosternum rower; basal dilation dorsally sulcate; head scarcely tumid in front of coxae, but quite between eyes transversely impressed. Gular tumid behind them, black with red lateral peduncle of male flat; of female sinuate be- stripe; middle coxal interspace only one-fifth hind small apical angle. Antennal scape red, diameter of coxa; remainder below and legs longer than one-half rostrum; at least as long black and red. Femora scarcely wider at as funicle and club combined. Antennal club apex than at base, very long. Pygidium tumid elongate, as wide as, if not wider than, apex apically, with large punctures, and row of of rostrum; spongy apex about one-half apical setae. length of club. Antennal groove separated Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with from eye by more than width of scape. apex subtruncate, hollowed out. Pronotum longer than wide, red with three REMARKS: Because of its individual vari- black stripes, impunctate; basal impression ation, this species would have to appear four shallow or deep. Elytra longer than prono- times in the key to the species unless it were tum by one-third or one-half, wider than placed ahead of the other couplets (at cou- pronotum, either red with black sutural plet 8). In some specimens the white marks stripe widening near middle and lateral and are present, in some absent, in some the ely- apical margins conjointly black (fig. 51), or tra are more red, in some more black, in red with lateral black broken into spots and some the basal impression is present, in humeral spot extending obliquely to middle; some absent. The pronotum, however, is intervals impunctate; strial punctures gen- consistently longer and narrower than that of erally not visible. Prosternum strongly tumid the allied species, deltoides, bisignatus, and in front of coxae, black medially, red later- bicinctus. Two males were dissected. ally; middle coxal interspace less than one- BIOLOGY: A specimen from Autlan, Coli- fourth diameter of coxa; remainder below ma, Mexico, was collected on weeds. red and black, legs red. Femora linear, scarcely wider at apex than at base. Pygid- Rhodobaenus deltoides Chevrolat ium bulbously tumid toward apex, with Figures 35, 51 large punctures; apex rounded. Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with Rhodobaenus deltoides Chevrolat, 1885, p. 279 apex hollowed out, emarginate, (Mexico; type, female in Naturhistoriska Riks- membranous museum, examined). medially, but in several specimens feebly sinuate medially; borders narrow; in profile DIAGNOSIS: Similar to ypsilon in having apex blunt, rounded, wider than base. long, red, virtually straight rostrum and to REMARKS: In the type specimen of del- bicinctus in some similar patterns of elytra; toides and in many other individuals the differs from ypsilon in being larger, more ro- black oblique mark from the humerus of the bust, without white streaks or dots, and in elytra to the median spot is absent; this and having distinct pronotal impression, and other variations in the color pattern occur from bicinctus in lacking ventral tubercle in also in ypsilon and bicinctus which agree male and in having typical elytral pattern dif- further with deltoides in having the middle ferent. coxae very narrowly separated and the ros- RANGE: Mexico, British Honduras, Gua- trum of the female very long. temala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, The paratype of deltoides in Stockholm is Costa Rica. (For 114 specimens examined, not this species, but is a red form of auctus see Appendix.) with black along the suture, a species differ- 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 165
ing in having the pronotum convex or flat, shapes, two oblique in sutural area extending not impressed basally. Two specimens from to middle where two round spots (merged in Cayenne and one from Brazil are probably some examples), two oblique spots behind mislabeled. Five males and one female were humerus, two mediolateral spots and two dissected. apically, often united as irregular subapical BIOLOGY: Ten specimens were collected band across callus. Prosternum very strongly by the O'Briens and Marshall "on yellow tumid in front of coxae, red but with short composite" in Taulabe, Comayagua, Hon- black stripe or oval patch at side of coxa; duras. middle coxal interspace about one-fourth di- ameter of coxa; remainder below and legs red and black. Femora wider at apex than at Rhodobaenus pantherinus Champion base. Pygidium red, tumid toward apex. Figure 13 Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with Rhodobaenus pantherinus Champion, "1909- apex truncate to feebly emarginate, at middle 1910" [1910], p. 147, pl. 7, figs. 18, 18a (lec- membranous; borders very wide; in profile, totype, male, Guatemala, here designated from upper border oblique at apex. 22 specimens from Mexico, Guatemala, and REMARKS: This robust species is reminis- Costa Rica in British Museum, examined). cent in its spotted pronotal and elytral pat- DIAGNOSIS: Robust species with wide, tern of tredecimpunctatus and pulchellus, strongly arcuate rostrum; elytral pattern re- but differs from them in having the pronotum sembling that of some deltoides and ypsilon, impressed basally and the rostrum red and but pronotum differs in having black spots, much wider. It is fairly constant in pattern not three black stripes. and once recognized is readily identifiable. RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, The specimen chosen as lectotype is that il- Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama. (For 157 lustrated by Champion. specimens examined, see Appendix.) Two specimens with a printed label "Ve- DESCRIPTION: Red and black. Length 8 to nez.," are probably labeled in error. Three 10.5 mm. Rostrum red, smoothly, strongly males, including the lectotype, and two fe- arcuate, humped at base, virtually impunc- males were dissected. tate, about same length as pronotum, that of BIOLOGY: Two specimens were collected male as wide as apex of front femur, that of by T. Farr in July, "on vegetation," at Chi- female proportionally narrower; basal dila- cacao, Guatemala, and three by J. B. Karren tion dorsally sulcate. Gular peduncle flat, on "Verbicina [Verbesina] fraseri, " Cardu- with very slight prominence extending for- aceae, or Compositae in Zarcero, Alajuela, ward. Antennal scape red, longer than three- Costa Rica. fourths length of rostrum, about as long as funicle and club combined. Antennal club elongate, wider than apex of rostrum; spongy Rhodobaenus cariniventris Champion apex about as long as horny base, in some Figure 56 specimens slightly longer. Antennal groove Rhodobaenus cariniventris Champion, " 1909- separated from eye by width of apex of 1910" [1910], p. 144, pl. 7, figs. 14, 14a, 14b scape. (lectotype, male, Zapote, Guatemala, here des- Pronotum scarcely, if at all, longer than ignated from eight of original specimens in Brit- wide, impunctate, red with six large black ish Museum, examined). spots (or five if two median ones merged into DIAGNOSIS: Resembles some deltoides stripe); basolateral spots generally in form of and ypsilon in having oblique black stripes triangle, in some examples base entirely or spots on elytra, and rostrum scarcely ar- black; in some median merged spots forming cuate, but differs in having wider middle in- kind of diamond; basal impression strong, tercoxal space and (male) long, cariniform deep, wide. Elytra longer than pronotum by ventral tubercle, (female) rostrum shorter, one-third, red with 10 black spots of various not longer than pronotum. 166 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala. (For 13 spec- Mexico, was taken "in hanging dead leaves imens examined, see Appendix.) Agave. " DESCRIPTION: Red and black, some with whitish dots around punctures. Length 7.5 to Rhodobaenus bicinctus Chevrolat 10 mm. Rostrum red, humped at base, Figures 25, 45-49 thence virtually straight, about as long as pronotum, that of male as wide as apex of Rhodobaenus bicinctus Chevrolat, 1885, p. 282 front femur, feebly punctate, of female (Colombia, on banks of Rio Magdalena; type, somewhat narrower, impunctate; basal dila- female, in Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, ex- tion dorsally feebly sulcate. Gular peduncle amined). with slight prominence extending forward in DIAGNOSIS: Differs from five preceding both sexes. Antennal scape red, nearly as red and black species in having elytral pat- long as rostrum, as long as funicle and club tern generally comprised of two basal and combined. Antennal club elongate, as wide four median black spots and black apical or as apex of rostrum; spongy apex slightly subapical band. Closely allied to deltoides, longer than one-half length of club. Antennal which sometimes has same pattern, but dif- groove distant from eye by almost twice fers in having different aedeagus and ventral width of apex of scape; lower border angu- tubercle in male. late. RANGE: Guatemala, Honduras, Nicara- Pronotum longer than wide, red with three gua, Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad; Vene- black stripes and few white spots; base dis- zuela, Colombia, Brazil. (For approximately tinctly transversely depressed. Elytra longer 200 specimens examined, see Vaurie (1980); than pronotum by one-third or one-half, for 53 additional specimens, see Appendix.) slightly wider, red with two oblique black DESCRIPTION: (See Vaurie, 1980.) stripes extending from humerus (stripes can REMARKS: The bicinctus of Central Amer- be broken into three spots) to middle of disc, ica are generally smaller than those of South black also at base of suture, at middle of America and are more likely to have small sides, and across subapical callus; intervals black separated spots across the elytra than with punctures surrounded by whitish dots. a median black band with the spots merged. Prosternum tumid in front of coxae, black or The rostrum and legs can be red or black in red medially, with red stripe laterally; middle both areas. coxal interspace about one-third diameter of I have not seen any bicinctus with the coxae; venter and legs red with some black. slanting black marks from the humerus to- Femora wider at apex than at base, feebly ward the center of the elytra and forming a clavate. Pygidium tumid apically, subacu- black "V," as is characteristic of ypsilon, minate. deltoides, and cariniventris, but these marks Male: First abdominal segment at middle are not invariably oblique in those species, with conspicuous cariniform tubercle. Ae- in which case the elytral pattern resembles deagus with apex feebly emarginate, hol- that of bicinctus. (I have not seen any bi- lowed out; in profile apex blunt, rounded. cinctus from Mexico.) REMARKS: Champion considered this A phase of bicinctus with the elytra, but species "without definite [white] spots," but not the pronotum, black (a little red at the he noted that it was "faintly cinereous in base of the humerus) occurs on the island of fresh examples." The white spots are gen- Trinidad, and examples with a great amount erally minute and, as in cinctus, can be lack- of black occur also in Central America and ing altogether. The lectotype is the specimen Venezuela. In a series of eight specimens figured by Champion. from Cofradia, Honduras, collected by the One male was dissected. O'Briens and Marshall, the black areas on BIOLOGY: According to a label on the both pronotum and elytra are greatly ex- specimen, a female near San Andres Tuxtla, panded and two of these specimens are al- 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 167 most entirely black. In deltoides and ypsilon black patches at middle, apex, and humerus; many specimens are very dark and in bisig- intervals impunctate; striae with tiny whitish natus some are entirely black except for a dots; base feebly sinuate. Prosternum few red dashes. scarcely tumid in front of coxae; middle cox- BIOLOGY: A teneral male of the black-ely- al interspace about one-fourth diameter of tra phase from Aripo Valley, Trinidad, was coxae. Femora feebly clavate. Pygidium fee- reared from the green stem of Eupatorium bly tumid toward apex where narrowly (Compositae or Carduaceae). rounded or subacuminate. Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with Rhodobaenus olivaceus Champion apex deeply emarginate, hollowed out; bor- Figures 27, 38 ders wide; in profile apex rounded, blunt. REMARKS: In the male lectotype, setae are Rhodobaenus olivaceus Champion, "1909-1910" visible under the rostrum, but in other males [1910], p. 122, pl. 6, figs. 3, 3a (lectotype, male, examined they are apparently abraded, al- Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama, here designated though the ventral crenulations are present. from 14 original specimens in British Museum, Aside from the dorsal setae of the rostrum examined). (present in subcristatus, absent from oliva- DIAGNOSIS: Extremely similar to gray sub- ceus), there are many similarities between cristatus, but differs in having no dorsal ros- the two species, such as the aedeagus of tral setae. Differs from black nigrofasciatus males and the eighth tergum of females; the in having antennal scape normal, not dilated, depression at the apex of the abdomen of and from black melas in being much larger males; the slight advance of part of the base and in having rostrum wider, robust, with of the elytra onto the pronotum; the arcuate antennal groove farther removed from eye. front border of the mesepimeron; the rather RANGE: Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama. feebly excavated, but very long claw seg- (For 72 specimens examined, see Appendix.) ment. DESCRIPTION: Dark gray or black. Length Six males and five females were dissected. 8.5 to 13.5. Rostrum arcuate, humped at base dorsally, carinate from base to middle; that of male as long as pronotum, punctate; at Rhodobaenus subcristatus Champion apex nearly as wide as apex of front femur, Rhodobaenus subcristatus Champion, " 1909- ventrally crenulate due to large punctures, 1910" [1910], p. 124, pl. 6, figs. 6, 6a (lectotype, feebly setose; of female slightly longer, im- female, San Carlos, Costa Rica, here designat- punctate, ventrally glabrous; basal dilation ed from original specimens in the British Mu- dorsally sulcate as a rule. Gular peduncle of seum and the National Museum of Natural His- male slightly angulate in front, of female tory, Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D.C., acutely angulate or with small tooth. Anten- examined). nal scape almost as long as rostrum, as long DIAGNOSIS: Similar to gray olivaceus, and as funicle and club combined. Antennal club males of both species scarcely separable, but elongate, not or only feebly wider than apex females of subcristatus differ in having of rostrum; spongy apex about one-half crown of bristly bronzy setae on basal half length of club. Antennal groove separated of rostrum. from eye by about twice width of base of RANGE: Nicaragua, Costa Rica. (For 22 scape. specimens examined, see Appendix.) Pronotum longer than wide, with faint DESCRIPTION: Dark gray or black with white dots, either with fine punctures or im- black spots on elytra. Length 10.5 to 13 mm. punctate; basal impression rather feeble. Rostrum as described for olivaceus except Elytra longer than pronotum by about one- for female which has two rows of bristly se- third, gray and velvety or, if worn, black and tae on about basal half, and for male which shining, with or without ill-defined, vague is dorsally at base tomentose and sparsely 168 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171 setose. Remaining characters as described agus of nigrofasciatus and the eighth tergum for olivaceus, but black spots or patches of of the female are very similar to those of elytra generally well-defined. olivaceus and subcristatus, but nigrofascia- REMARKS: Similarities between this species tus is a smaller, narrower species, and and olivaceus, in addition to those evident shows, though faintly in some specimens, in the description above, are given under fairly large white dots around the punctures. olivaceus. The chief difference lies in the dorsal setae at the base of the rostrum which Rhodobaenus cinctus (Gyllenhal) are long and obvious in females of subcris- Figure 14 tatus, minute, scarcely visible, in males, but Sphenophorus cinctus Gyllenhal, 1838, p. 921 not present in olivaceus. In greased or (Mexico; type in Naturhistoriska Riksmu- abraded males the presence of setae is prob- seum). lematical. Champion (loc. cit.) did not men- Sphenophorus cinctus var. rubellus Gyllenhal, tion any setae on his three abraded males 1838, p. 921 (Mexico; type in Naturhistoriska which cannot be distinguished from males of Riksmuseum). olivaceus. I dissected seven females to be Rhodobaenus funerarius Chevrolat, 1885, p. 287 sure there were no males in the individuals (Brazil [error?]; type not located; synonymized with the long rostral setae. However, a series by Champion). of seven males and six females from Tur- Rhodobaenus obliquus Chevrolat, 1885, p. 287 collected by Cartwright (Mexico; type in Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum; rialba, Costa Rica, synonymized by Champion). in 1951, aided in the separation of the two Rhodobaenus maculipes Champion, "1909-1910" species; in this series the black elytral spots [1910], p. 147, pl. 7, figs. 19, 19a (lectotype, are quite distinct, contrasting with the faint female, Guatemala, here designated from orig- or absent spots of olivaceus. Two males inal pair in British Museum, examined). New were also dissected. synonymy. DIAGNOSIS: In fresh condition immediate- Rhodobaenus nigrofasciatus (Champion) ly recognizable by dense white streaks of se- Figure 41 tae outlining black marks, especially heart- Homalostylus nigrofasciatus Champion, "1909- shaped mark on disc of elytra. Differs from 1910" [1910], p. 117, pl. 5, figs. 29, 29a, 30 leucographus in having different pattern of (Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama; lectotype, fe- streaks, and pronotum flat, not transversely male, in British Museum, examined). impressed basally. DIAGNOSIS: Gray or black, white spotted RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, species resembling olivaceus and subcrista- Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica. (For ap- tus, but differing from them in having widely proximately 360 specimens examined, see dilated, flattened antennal scape (wider than Appendix.) rostrum); pronotal basal depression gener- DESCRIPTION: Red and black, or black, ally deeper; elytra, in fresh specimens, with with or without white streaks and spots. black oblique median and subapical bands, Length 7.5 to 10 mm. Rostrum red or black, not black spots; many white dots; hind tibiae feebly arcuate to virtually straight, not feebly expanded at middle. humped at base, narrower than apex of front RANGE: Costa Rica, Panama; Colombia. femur; that of male punctate, shorter than or (For 16 specimens examined, see Vaurie, equal to length of pronotum, ventrally cari- 1980; for 23 additional specimens, see Ap- nate between two rows of depressed setae; pendix.) offemale as long as or longer than pronotum, DESCRIPTION: (See Vaurie, 1980.) impunctate, ventrally smooth or with feebly REMARKS: At the base of the rostrum impressed line; basal dilation dorsally sul- above the antennal insertion and even behind cate. Gular peduncle angulate in front, more it are very short, bristly, bronzy setae some- noticeably in female, but generally appearing what as in males of suberistatus. The aede- flat. Antennal scape red or black, longer than 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 169 funicle and than one-half length of rostrum. pronotum is flattened basally as in cinctus, Antennal club roundish or squarish, wider it differs (in its red or its black phase) from than apex of rostrum; spongy apex one-half cinctus in having the sides of the pronotum or more length of club. Antennal groove dis- subparallel, not arcuate or subconical, the tant from eye by width of scape at base. third segments of the tarsi only feebly dilat- Pronotum slightly longer than wide, with ed, and the second segment elongate. feeble flattening of basal half, scarcely punc- The names in synonymy reflect the vari- tate, red with three wide or narrow black ability of cinctus. Gyllenhal described, but stripes with dense white streaks following in- did not name, three additional varieties, and ner curve of lateral stripes; white streaks or Chevrolat described three forms, giving spots on sides of pronotum evanescent in names to two. The only type I have seen is many examples; pronotum rarely entirely the lectotype of Champion's maculipes red or entirely black. Elytra longer than which agrees quite well with specimens with- pronotum by about one-third, red with eight out white spots identified by Champion as or 10 large black spots outlined by white rubellus (Gyllenhal), but it has fewer and streaks, some spots merged or lacking; me- smaller black spots, and the pronotum is dian spots oblique, forming vague heart; en- more subconical. The large black spots on tirely red or black individuals generally show the red femora which give "maculipes" its at least some white streaks or dots. Proster- name occur in other cinctus also, in those num red and black, or black; middle coxal with or without white streaks. interspace from one-third to one-half diam- Two black specimens without white dots eter of middle coxae; remainder below and from Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico (in the legs red and black. Femora varying from lin- British Museum) which were identified by ear to clavate. Pygidium with apex bulbously Champion as his variety immaculatus of tre- tumid; setae in fresh specimens forming me- decimpunctatus3 revealed, after being dian whitish line. brushed with water, various tiny white spots Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with in areas where cinctus has white spots, and apex subtruncate or feebly emarginate; bor- one of the specimens turned from black to ders narrow; in profile upper edge oblique to dark red. I have re-identified these as cinc- rounded apex. tus. Two additional entirely black cinctus REMARKS: This widespread species varies have been seen from Lake Catemaco, Ve- among individuals in many characters; the racruz, Mexico, in the Howden collection. color and pattern; the shape of the femora; A female from Cayenne and a male from the length of the rostrum of the female; the Brazil are probably mislabeled. Thirteen shape of the pronotum; the degree of emar- males, including the lectotype of maculipes, gination of the aedeagus. Stable characters and seven females were dissected. include the faint flattening at the base of the BIOLOGY: Some specimens collected by pronotum, the very long first and very short Biolley in Costa Rica were on a species of second tarsal segment, and the widely dilat- Vernonia (ironweed), a composite in which ed third segment, the wide separation of the R. tredecimpunctatus of the United States middle coxae, and the rather large mesepi- breeds. A note on a male and female taken meron with arcuate front border. When the on Vernonia brachiata at San Pedro de pattern of white streaks is present the Montes de Oca, Costa Rica, by Ballou states species is identifiable at sight (fig. 14). Un- "shreds bark of tips and makes holes in fortunately, the white is lacking from many stems." A female from Hamburg Farm, Re- specimens which thus can be confused with ventazon, Costa Rica, was collected by Nev- other red and black species without white ermann "am faulen Fruchten am Erdboden - setae, although in most of those the prono- tum is either more convex than that of cinc- 3The variety immaculatus is a synonym of lebasii, tus or impressed basally. In pulchellus the not of tredecimpunctatus (Vaurie, 1980). 170 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
Banane." Several other specimens from black spots, occasionally with sixth spot at Costa Rica are labeled "Gebiisch." In Ca- center of base or with basal band; in a few tamacas, Honduras, a specimen was found specimens entirely red or entirely black. "on down tree [balsa] 'guanacaste."' In Elytra about one-half longer than pronotum, Huehuetenango, Guatemala, one was taken red with sutural black area, ifpresent, spread- at night. ing out at middle, black subhumeral spot, mediolateral spot (can be lacking), and apex black or with black band and apex red; few Rhodobaenus pulchellus (Gyllenhal) individuals entirely red or entirely black; in- Figure 58 tervals impunctate; striae with small punc- Sphenophorus pulchellus Gyllenhal, 1838, p. 898 tures visible in some specimens. Prosternum, (Mexico; type, female in Naturhistoriska Riks- underside, and legs black with whitish dots or museum, examined). with yellowish powdery coating; middle coxal Rhodobaenus tredecimpunctatus var. duodecim- interspace about one-third diameter of coxae. maculatus Chevrolat, 1885, p. 276 (Guatemala; widening to apex. type in Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum; synony- Femora linear, scarcely mized by Champion). Pygidium with apex feebly tumid, but not Rhodobaenus tredecimpunctatus var. metropoli- extending much beyond abdomen; subacu- tanus Chevrolat, 1885, p. 277 (Guatemala; type minate. in Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum; synonymized Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with by Champion). apex truncate; in profile sides oblique to Rhodobaenus pulchellus var. niger Champion, rounded apex. "1909-1910" [1910], p. 148 (Temax, Yucatan, REMARKS: This species, which apparently Mexico; lectotype, female, designated from ten does not occur north of Mexico, has been specimens in British Museum, examined). New confused in the literature and in collections synonymy. with tredecimpunctatus (Illiger) of the DIAGNOSIS: Differs from lebasii and auc- United States. Blatchley and Leng (1916) tus in having pronotum flatter, less convex, considered it and quinquepunctatus (Say) as and longer, with sides subparallel, not round- varieties of tredecimpunctatus but what they ish; antennae inserted closer to eye; and ros- called pulchellus appears to be the red phase trum at base dorsally sulcate. of quinquepunctatus. Although the three RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, species can have a rather similar pattern, Panama. (For approximately 166 specimens pulchellus differs in having linear, not at all examined, see Appendix). clavate femora, the base of the rostrum DESCRIPTION: Red and black, rarely all red smooth, not humped, the sides of the prono- or all black. Length 7.5 to 9.5 mm. Rostrum tum and elytra subparallel, and it is in all a black or red, arcuate, not humped at base, more elongate, flatter species. Csiki (1936) about same length as pronotum; narrower gave a new name (formosus) to what he con- than apex of front femur; that of male more sidered as pulchellus Riley (1871), but Riley punctate, wider, less arcuate; of female im- did not describe a new species; he merely punctate except for base, narrower than that mistook specimens of quinquepunctatus for of male; basal dilation dorsally sulcate. Gular the pulchellus of Gyllenhal (he called it peduncle of male flat, of female with tiny Sphenophorus pulchellus Schoenherr). tooth in front. Antennal scape black or red, In Champion's variety, niger, the entire longer than one-half length of rostrum and is black, but with red suffusions in longer than funicle. Antennal club roundish, body wider than apex of rostrum; spongy apex some specimens. I have seen black speci- one-third length of club. Antennal groove mens from Yucatan, Mexico, Canalitos and distant from eye by only one-half width of Coban, Guatemala, and "Costa Rica." scape. Although pulchellus differs in shape from Pronotum longer than wide, feebly convex cinctus, the black spotting of the elytra can in front, flat behind; generally red with five be similar in some specimens, also the feeble 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 171 flattening at the base of the pronotum; cinc- ium as described for quinquepunctatus but tus also has a black form. femora entirely black. Femora noticeably Two males were dissected. clavate. BIOLOGY: A specimen in the National Mu- Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with seum was collected by Hambleton "on Cit- apex truncate, medially sclerotized or mem- rus" in Guatemala City, Guatemala, in July. branous; ventrally smooth, not keeled; in In Cuernavaca, Mexico, Krauss collected profile upper border oblique to rounded specimens "on Composite shrub." apex. REMARKS: This species is one of the three Rhodobaenus tredecimpunctatus (Illiger) occurring in the United States, the others Figures 42, 57 being quinquepunctatus and pustulosus. It Curculio tredecimpunctatus Illiger, "1791-1794" was considered by Champion to include 15 [1794], p. 613 (North America). varieties, mostly from Mexico or Central Curculio cribrarius Fabricius, 1798, p. 165 (Amer- America, but Guillermo Kuschel, who had ica boreali; type not in Fabricius's collection in done some preliminary work on the genus, Copenhagen (Zimsen, 1964); synonymized by established (personal commun.) that some of Gyllenhal, 1838). these synonyms were in fact valid species. Curculio quatuordecimpunctatus Panzer, 1798, p. Following his lead, I find that of the 15 vari- 54, pl. 37, fig. 18 (locality not given, type not eties, five are valid species (auctus, lebasii, found; synonymized by Gyllenhal, 1838). nigripennis, quinquepunctatus, thoracicus), Curculio leptocerus Panzer, 1798, p. 57, pl. 37, figs. 23 (locality not given, type not found; syn- one is an unnecessary new name, and the onymized by Gyllenhal, 1838). remainder are synonyms of auctus, lebasii, or quinquepunctatus. In addition, tredecim- DIAGNOSIS: Hind femora more clavate punctatus does not occur farther south than than those of other species. Differs from extreme northern Mexico. Throughout most sympatric quinquepunctatus in being gener- of the eastern and central United States it is ally larger; in having no ventral keel on ae- sympatric with quinquepunctatus, but oc- deagus; no black patch at apex of elytra; su- curs alone in the western states (see map, ture and epipleurae of elytra red, not black; fig. 42) except for a few specimens of pus- basal dilation of rostrum deeply sulcate, and tulosus in southern Arizona and Texas. In median black spot of pronotum generally not the literature in the United States (Riley, much larger than other spots. 1871; Webster, 1903; Blatchley and Leng, RANGE: Eastern Canada, United States, 1916; Weiss and Lott, 1923) it has been con- and northern Mexico (Chihuahua). (For ap- fused with pulchellus (Gyllenhal), which is proximately 365 specimens examined, see not found north of Mexico, or with quinque- Appendix.) punctatus. The dorsal pattern of tredecim- DESCRIPTION: Red and black. Length 6 to punctatus is remarkably constant throughout 10 mm. Rostrum as described for quinque- the United States; the only variations are in punctatus except for basal dilation which is the size of the black spots, but their number dorsally generally squarish, not elongate, and placement remain the same. It is quin- and distinctly deeply sulcate. Gular pedun- quepunctatus that has a changeable pattern. cle, antennal scape, club, and groove as de- I have omitted from the synonymy two scribed for quinquepunctatus. Pronotum older names, one of Voet (1806) which has convex, scarcely longer than wide, impunc- no description but uses the same illustration tate or feebly punctate, red with round black as leptocerus (Panzer); and one of Sturm median spot and four round lateral spots, (1826), which concerns a weevil from Java, median mark rarely larger than other marks, without description or illustration. rarely elongate. Elytra red with eight black Nineteen males were dissected. spots, subapical spots generally larger than BIOLOGY: Notations on the labels of spec- others, spots about equidistant; epipleurae imens examined read as follows: "on rag- red, rarely blackish. Prosternum and pygid- weed," Summit, New Jersey; "coll. from 172 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
--' .z.? ) I' ji I I . I\ -- 2 -I, ) -r-- ___ ------½ A j 8 I' I 'N 2 2 __ -4
. 3 I--- /7 ----.4 '. -C ,'-.x6 2 N 3 z -- -\ 3 . . / /
\ r -..I--. . ) / N 'N 4 2 3 _ .-'--"-I. 2 I. ) I j
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FIG. 42. Distribution of Rhodobaenus tredecimpunctatus, showing number of localities by state.
Vernonia interior SM.," Manhattan, Kan- decimpunctatus in having them less dilated, sas; "in stems of Helianthus," Galveston, also more black on elytra (on epipleurae, or Texas; "on Helianthus," Connecticut, sutural area, on sides or at apex) or elytra Oklahoma, Texas, and Utah; "taken on He- almost entirely black. lianthus tuberosus," Douglas County, Kan- RANGE: Eastern Canada, eastern United sas; "on Verbesina occidentalis," Radford, States west to Dakotas and south to Texas; New Jersey; "feeding stems of Heliopsis," Coahuila, northeastern Mexico. (For ap- Root Garden, New York. Some of the rec- proximately 419 specimens examined, see ords of biology in the literature probably per- Appendix.) tain to quinquepunctatus (see that species). DESCIuPTION: Red and black or in great Champion remarked that tredecimpunctatus part black. Length 5 to 7.5 mm. Rostrum and its varieties occurred "gregariously on black, arcuate, humped at base, not or only the flowers of various trees and shrubs." feebly punctate, narrower than apex of front femora; of male slightly shorter than prono- Rhodobaenus quinquepunctatus (Say) tum, of female longer and narrower than that Figures 43, 52-55 of male; basal dilation dorsally not or only of male flat, of Calandra quinque-punctata Say, 1824, pl. 9, fig. finely sulcate. Gular peduncle 2 [no pp.] (East Florida and Georgia; type lost). female with small angle in front. Antennal Rhodobaenus tredecimpunctatus var. triangular- scape black, longer than one-half length of is Champion, "1909-1910" [1910], p. 151, pl. rostrum (or three-fourths), as long as funicle 7, fig. 26 (lectotype, male, Mexico, here des- and club combined. Antennal club generally ignated from four specimens in British Mu- elongate, as wide as or wider than apex of seum, examined). New synonymy. rostrum; spongy apex about one-half length DIAGNOSIS: Differs from allopatric auctus of club. Antennal groove distant from eye by and lebasii in having femora feebly dilated, about width of scape. not strictly linear, and from sympatric tre- Pronotum convex, scarcely longer than 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 173
- - \ 8. . 8 2 ,"-.A. 8
I.- =
L / I jA / i---. 6 16 I' I- I 7 1 I. .. I FIG. 43. Distribution of Rhodobaenus quinquepunctatus, showing number of localities by state.
wide, impunctate or feebly punctate, red out the eastern and central states and in ex- with black diamond-shaped median stripe, treme northern Mexico, along with trede- often joined to black basal band, or black cimpunctatus with which it has been basal spots forming triangles; median stripe confused. Say described it as having black wider or longer than lateral black spots. Ely- elytra with red on the outer intervals and red tra (figs. 52-55) in red phase: eight spots and spots on the femora. However, the discovery apex at middle black, or with four black by Guillermo Kuschel (personal commun.) spots (two median spots merged into one) of a short keel or carina on the underside of and black apical band not quite reaching the aedeagus has shown that quinquepunc- sides; sutural area black in all or in part; tatus is not invariably black, but that red and black phase: humerus, ninth and short tenth black specimens as described above under intervals red; epipleurae black or dark red. "Elytra" are also quinquepunctatus. In fur- Prosternum black; middle coxal interspace ther support of this, I have examined a black- about one-third diameter of coxae; venter elytra male and a red and black female, taken and legs black except for large red spots on "in copula" by Charles W. O'Brien in Tal- some femora. Femora wider at apex than at lahassee, Leon County, Florida, in June. In base, feebly clavate. Pygidium tumid in api- tredecimpunctatus there are eight black cal half. spots on the elytra, no black area apically, Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with no keel on the aedeagus, and the femora apex truncate, medially sclerotized or some- strongly clavate. In series, it is evident that what membranous; ventrally with short basal quinquepunctatus is a smaller species. keel; in profile upper border oblique to Although the four specimens of Champi- rounded apex. on's variety triangularis are from Mexico, REMARKS: This species was formerly con- there is no exact locality mentioned. The sidered limited in range to the southeastern elytral pattern with the suture and most of United States, but in fact it occurs through- the apex black is common in the United 174 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
States. Champion's conception of quinque- Florida; "on bur plant," Belle Fourche, punctatus includes that species and auctus, South Dakota; "Sesbania [Leguminosae]," both as black varieties of tredecimpuncta- Deland, Florida; "on Eupatorium purpu- tus. reum," Britannia, Ontario, Canada; "on The black phase of quinquepunctatus has Bloodwood foliage," Westwego, Louisiana; no counterpart in tredecimpunctatus. I have "on Artemisia," in five localities (one spec- seen it from Virginia, Tennessee, South Car- imen is the black phase); "on Johnston Grass olina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, and Iowa, tops," New Orleans, Louisiana. Also "feed- but the red and black phase occurs in these ing on Ambrosia trifida," Lafayette, In- states also. In the Museum in Paris are seven diana; "Ambrosia sp.," "taken on A. trifi- examples from Savannah, Georgia, of which da," and "on ragweed," Sanford, Florida, two have the black elytra and red femoral Douglas County, Kansas, and Tallahassee, spots as described by Say, and the others are Florida; "at flowering Umbellifer," Freder- red with varying amounts of black; in all the icksburg, Texas. femora are feebly dilated and the three males Specimens which I have not seen are re- have a ventral keel on the aedeagus. The corded from the literature by Riley (1871, p. ventral keel was found in 26 additional spec- 60, fig. 23) as "bred four specimens cockle- imens from 11 states (Washington, D.C., bur" and "breeds in Xanthium strumar- Kentucky, Alabama, Maryland, Pennsylva- ium." Riley's notes referred to Sphenopho- nia, New Jersey, Florida, Missouri, Illinois, rus pulchellus (Gyllenhal), but his illustration Iowa, and South Dakota). Other species with is that of quinquepunctatus (pulchellus does a ventral keel are lebasii and confusus. not occur in the United States). The illustra- The black phase can be confused with the tion in Blatchley and Leng (1916, p. 550, fig. black phases of auctus, lebasii, and pul- 119) is the same as that used by Riley and, chellus, but quinquepunctatus differs from although it is called the variety pulchellus of them in having the femora feebly clavate, not R. tredecimpunctatus, it is also quinque- linear; it is also allopatric. punctatus. The authors say it is common in I have seen two specimens from "Brazil" Indiana "especially in the axils of the leaves and one specimen from Cayenne, French of ironweed (Vernonia), in the stems of Guiana, but believe that they were misla- which it is said to breed," and that it "breeds beled. in the stems of Xanthium commune and oth- BIOLOGY: Notations on the majority of la- er Compositae: joe-pye weed, thistle, leaf bels concern Compositae. Records of actual cup, sunflower, greater ragweed, rosin- breeding are as follows: "bred from larvae. weed." Say (1824) remarked that "tredecim- Feeding on ragweed [Ambrosia]" in Mus- punctatus [quinquepunctatus ?]" in Mis- cotine, Iowa; "reared ex rootstalks sunflow- souri, Arkansas, North West Territory, and er [Helianthus]," Lincoln, Nebraska; "bred Pennsylvania was not injurious to any useful in Iva ciliata stem [a ragweed]," Baton Rouge, plant, but to milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) Louisiana; "in Burdock stem," Bryn Athyn, on banks near water. Blatchley and Leng Pennsylvania; "in stems of Dahlia," Ten- (op. cit.) say it is "not rare on a species of nessee, Georgia, and Wisconsin; "pupa in thistle," in Florida. Specimens of tredecim- stem Ambrosia trifida," Nashville, Tennes- punctatus have also been taken on Vernonia, see; "bred in Ambrosia trifida stem," Vic- Ambrosia, and Helianthus. In Sarpy Coun- toria, Texas; "ex stem Ambrosia," At- ty, Nebraska, both species (as noted on the lanta, Georgia; "bred Xanthium stem," Victoria and Dallas, Texas; "copulating on labels) were collected together from sunflow- Arctium," Virginville, Pennsylvania. er. Chemsak (1963) in his study of the ceram- Additional labels read as follows: "on He- bycid genus Tetraopes, said that "Utiliza- lianthus annuus," Charleston, South Caro- tion of the same host plant by two sympatric lina; "on Helianthus," Dallas and Robs- species is . . . quite common," but that one town, Texas; "Cockleburs," Hastings, of the species was generally less numerous. VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 175
Rhodobaenus auctus Chevrolat ers basal spots. Elytra longer than pronotum Figures 44, 62-64 by about one-third, red with two black spots Rhodobaenus auctus Chevrolat, 1885, p. 278 medially, or red with black of suture spread- (Mexico; type, female, in Naturhistoriska Riks- ing sideways at middle, at apex, or both, museum, examined). with or without two or three lateral black Rhodobaenus elegans Chevrolat, 1885, p. 278 spots; or elytra black with short tenth inter- (Mexico; type in Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, val red and ninth interval red at base; epi- examined). New synonymy. pleurae black. Prosternum tumid, mostly Rhodobaenus corniculatus Chevrolat, 1885, p. black; middle coxal interspace one-third or 280 (Mexico; type in Naturhistoriska Riksmu- one-fourth diameter of coxae; venter and seum, examined). New synonymy. legs black; femora linear, as wide at base as Rhodobaenus tredecimpunctatus var. graphicus at apex; pygidium with apex tumid; sides Champion, "1909-1910" [1910], p. 150, pl. 7, fig. 24 (lectotype, male, Escazu, Costa Rica, narrowing to rounded apex. here designated from original specimens in Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with British Museum, examined). New synonymy. apex truncate; borders narrow, ventrally smooth; in profile upper edge oblique to DIAGNOSIS: Elytra either black with short apex. red tenth interval, or elytra mostly red with REMARKS: This species and its three syn- black markings medially or laterally or both onyms were considered by Champion (loc. or with two black medial spots. Similar to cit.) as varieties of R. tredecimpunctatus lebasii, but differing in elytral pattern and in from which they differ principally in having absence of ventral keel on aedeagus. Some the femora strictly linear, not clavate (the specimens resemble pulchellus but see Di- femora are as wide at base as at apex). Chev- agnosis of that species. rolat's type series of auctus includes two RANGE: Mexico, British Honduras, Gua- specimens of lebasii from Colombia as well temala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, as the type of auctus and two other females Costa Rica, Panama; Colombia. (For ap- from Mexico. The type of auctus is chiefly proximately 428 specimens examined, see black; in the type of "elegans" there are four Appendix.) black spots across the red elytra; in the type DESCIuPTION: Red and black. Length 6.5 of "corniculatus" the suture and adjacent to 9 mm. Rostrum black, humped at base, intervals of the elytra, with an expanded area arcuate, impunctate or feebly punctate; that on the disc, are black; in "graphicus" there of male about length of pronotum, only one- are in addition several lateral black spots and half width of apex of front femur; of female some black subapically. All these forms are longer, narrower, more arcuate than that of illustrated by Champion (loc. cit.); the lec- male; basal dilation dorsally generally not totype of graphicus is the specimen figured sulcate. Gular peduncle of male flat, of fe- by Champion. male with small angle in front. Antennal There are many variations in these color scape black, longer than one-half length of patterns which are found in many of the rostrum, about as long as funicle and club same localities. Where they are found to- combined. Antennal club as wide as or gether, the form with the elytra black is gen- slightly wider than apex of rostrum; spongy erally less frequent; thus in Colima, Mexico apex from one-third to one-half length of (the Volcan), seven of 32 specimens are the club. Antennal groove distant from eye by black phase and at 10 miles south of Tonila, almost width of apex of scape. Colima, three of seven. In a series of 26 from Pronotum convex, scarcely longer than Cuernavaca, Mexico, there are none with wide, impunctate or finely punctate, red, black elytra, and in 19 from Rio Frio, Colom- either with short median black stripe and bia, the elytra are black in all. (Specimens four lateral spots (basal spots can be in form from Colombia were examined subsequent of triangles), or median stripe expanded and to my paper on species in South America, coalescent with basal black band which cov- but should have been included.) 176 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
FIG. 44. Distribution of Rhodobaenus auctus. (R. auctus occurs also in northern South America.)
The black elytra form of auctus is similar Rhodobaenus lebasii (Gyllenhal) to the black form of quinquepunctatus, but Figures 59-61 auctus differs in having the red generally limited to the humerus, seldom extending to Sphenophorus lebasii Gyllenhal, 1838, p. 902 the apex of the elytra, and the aedeagus lack- (Cartagena, Colombia; type, female, in Natur- ing a ventral keel. Twenty-six males from historiska Riksmuseum, examined). For syn- various localities and of various patterns onymy, see Vaurie (1980), or Checklist above. were dissected. DIAGNOSIS: Similar to pulchellus and auc- BIOLOGY: Several specimens from Cuer- tus in having pronotum convex, not im- navaca, Mexico, were taken "on composite pressed, surface without white spots, third shrub" by Krauss; some are labeled on tarsal segments scarcely dilated, elytra red "maize." and black or virtually black, but differing in 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 177
45 46 47 48 49 50 51
52 53 54 55 56 57 58
FIGS. 45-58. Diagrammatic elytral patterns of Rhodobaenus. (White areas are red, black are black.) 45-49. R. bicinctus. 50. R. ypsilon. 51. R. deltoides. 52-55. R. quinquepunctatus. (54 is lectotype of triangularis.) 56. R. cariniventris. 57. R. tredecimpunctatus. 58. R. pulchellus. having apical black of elytra extending to in red and black auctus the apical black part sides, and aedeagus on underside keeled, not does not normally extend to the sides. In le- smooth. Femora generally red with some basii the narrow median black line on the black; pronotum with median black stripe pronotum is only seldom replaced by a black long, narrow (sometimes reduced to spot), spot; in auctus the median black mark is and four lateral spots. wide and is generally joined to a basal black RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala, British Hon- band, or it is diamond-shaped. In auctus the duras, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, legs are black, but in lebasii the femora are Costa Rica, and Panama; also Trinidad and red with the base and apex black (or, in a northern South America. (For approximately few specimens, the legs are entirely black). 275 specimens examined, see Vaurie, 1980; In lebasii (variety immaculatus), as also and for 102 additional ones, see Appendix.) in pulchellus (variety niger), some individ- DESCRIPTION: (See Vaurie, 1980.) uals are entirely black. Curiously enough, REMARKS: At first I considered lebasii and both black phases have been collected in the auctus as one polymorphic species, but the same locality, Temax, Yucatan, Mexico, and discovery by Guillermo Kuschel (personal by the same collector, Gaumer. However, commun.) of a constant difference in the ae- these black forms occur also elsewhere and deagus of lebasii (a ventral carina) led me to along with the red forms. Rhodobaenus le- differentiate lebasii from auctus, and also basii differs from pulchellus in having the from tredecimpunctatus with which it had basal dilation of the rostrum dorsally been synonymized. In red and black exam- smooth, not sulcate, the rostrum swollen at ples of lebasii there is a black inverted "V" the base, the pronotum convex, not flat, the on the elytra (fig. 60) which is sometimes ex- epipleurae of the elytra (in red forms) black, panded somewhat at the middle, and the and the aedeagus keeled ventrally, not apex of the elytra is black from side to side; smooth. A very different species with a keel 178 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
59 60 61
62 63 64 65
FIGS. 59-65. Diagrammatic elytral patterns of Rhodobaenus. 59-61. R. lebasii. 62-64. R. auctus. 65. R. quinquepunctatus. (See also figs. 52-55.) is confusus, and there is a keel, generally at (For 128 specimens examined, see Appen- the base of the aedeagus only, in quinque- dix.) punctatus. Twelve males of lebasii were dis- DESCRIPTION: Black and red. Length 5 to sected. 6.5 mm. Rostrum black, humped at base, BIOLOGY: Two specimens of lebasii were narrower than apex of front femur; that of taken in the bark of rotten wood at El Limon, male scarcely arcuate, same length as prono- Aragua, Venezuela, in June, and one speci- tum; of female arcuate, slightly longer than men by sweeping roadside vegetation in Ve- pronotum, much narrower than that of male; racruz, Mexico. basal dilation dorsally not sulcate. Gular pe- duncle of male flat; of female with slight Rhodobaenus thoracicus (Gyllenhal) prominence in front. Antennal scape black, relatively short, scarcely more than one-half Sphenophorus variabilis var. thoracicus Gyllen- length of rostrum, about length of funicle, hal, 1838, p. 900 (no exact locality; type prob- tomentose, thick apically. Antennal club ably in Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum). roundish, as wide as, or wider than apex of DIAGNOSIS: Elytra black, without red such rostrum; spongy apex from one-third to one- as present in black phases of auctus and half length of club. Antennal groove sepa- quinquepunctatus; differs from them further rated from eye by width of scape at base. in having antennal scape scarcely, if at all, Pronotum convex, as wide as long; sides longer than funicle; pronotum as wide as parallel to constricted apex; red with very long, and prosternum red with black spot on small median spot and two large basal spots sides, not entirely black. black; apical band black. Elytra black, lon- RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, ger than pronotum by one-half or one-third; Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama. intervals and striae finely or coarsely punc- 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 179 tate. Prosternum scarcely tumid, red with humped at base; that of male slightly shorter black spot on sides, and black around coxae; than pronotum, as wide as apex of front fe- middle coxal interspace one-third or one- mur, punctate basally; that of female as long fourth diameter of coxae; remainder below as pronotum and narrower than that of male; and legs black. Femora distinctly linear, basal dilation sulcate. Gular peduncle of scarcely wider at apex than at base. Pygid- male flat; of female with sharp angle in front. ium bulbously tumid at apex, densely punc- Antennal scape black, longer than one-half tate. length of rostrum; slightly longer than funi- Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with cle. Antennal club elongate, as wide as apex apex truncate; in profile upper edge oblique of rostrum; spongy apex more than one-half to apex. length of club. Antennal groove separated REMARKS: Champion (" 1909-1910" [1910]) from eye by width of scape at base. considered this species as one of the many Pronotum feebly convex in front, feebly varieties of tredecimpunctatus from which concave or flattened in front of scutellum, as it differs, not only in the characters men- wide as long, red with median stripe, apical tioned in the Diagnosis, but also in having band, mediolateral small spots (if present), the femora linear, not clavate. The scape of and basal triangles black. Elytra black, some the antennae is relatively thicker than that of specimens with trace of red on humerus and related species. In a specimen from Colima, at base of seventh interval, longer than Mexico, the elytra are dark red, and in sev- pronotum by one-third; punctures not visi- eral specimens from Panama a bit of red ble. Prosternum feebly tumid in front of cox- shows through. The punctures are white in ae, black, short (one and one-half diameter a few examples from El Salvador. Four of coxae); middle coxal interspace one-third males were dissected. or one-fourth diameter of coxae; remainder A varietal name proposed by Champion below black or with some red showing (loc. cit.) has been omitted as it refers to a through. Femora black or red with apex specimen; there is no description. black, linear. Pygidium convex; apex nar- BIOLOGY: A specimen was collected near rowly rounded. the Chagres River, Panama, by "sweepings Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with around cornfield," and one at light in San apex truncate, medially membranous; side Salvador and in Las Cumbres, Canal Zone, borders narrow; in profile upper border Panama. oblique to rounded apex. REMARKS: This is one of the species pre- viously considered as a variety of tredecim- Rhodobaenus nigripennis Champion punctatus from which it differs in having the Rhodobaenus tredecimpunctatus var. nigripennis elytra virtually black, the rostrum wider, as Champion, "1909-1910" [1910], p. 151, pl. 7, wide as the apex of the front femur, not nar- fig. 30 (lectotype, male, Yolos, Oaxaca, Mexi- rower, the femora linear, not clavate, and the co, here designated from 11 specimens from pronotum scarcely convex. In several spec- Mexico and Guatemala, in British Museum, imens a red suffusion shows through the examined). black and in two there is a broad red stripe DIAGNOSIS: Differs from auctus in rarely on the elytra. The pronotum is flatter than having trace of red on elytra, and from auc- that of related species; the usual pattern is tus and thoracicus in having rostrum thicker, a narrow, entire, median black stripe and wider, and shorter; also in having red on two small basal angles; the apical band joins femora and sides of metasternum in many the black of the prosternum. The third tarsal specimens. segment is only feebly dilated. Three males RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala. (For 42 spec- were dissected. imens examined, see Appendix.) BIOLOGY: At Yepocapa, Chimaltenango, DESCRIPTION: Red and black. Length 7 to Guatemala, this species was collected 8.5 mm. Rostrum black or dark red, arcuate, "sweeping vegetation." 180 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
Rhodobaenus rubrovittatus nus in having short middle and hind femora, Rhodobaenus rubrovittatus Champion, "1909- and long metasternum, elytra, and pygidium. 1910" [1910], p. 142, pl. 7, figs. 8, 8a, 9, 9a The length of the metasternum is four or five (lectotype, male, Tupataro, Guanajuato, Mex- times the diameter of the middle coxae; the ico, here designated from 14 examples from middle femora are only one-half the length Mexico and Guatemala, in British Museum, of the metasternum. The third tarsal segment examined). is only feebly dilated. The species is readily recognizable in spite DIAGNOSIS: Small, elongate, parallel-sided of various color variations: in a specimen species with pronotum and elytra in great from Guatemala and in three specimens from part black, each elytron with broad or nar- Chiapas, Mexico, the red stripes of the elytra row red lateral stripe. Metasternum and py- are reduced in length and are present on the gidium longer than normal, but femora short, sixth interval only; in the paralectotype the and excavation of claw segment large. elytra are red, but have a black line near the RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala. (For 28 spec- outer edge, black on the suture that expands imens examined, see Appendix.) toward the apex, and two short black lines DESCRIPTION: Black with red. Length 6 to on the third interval near the middle. One 7.5 mm. Rostrum black, feebly to strongly male was dissected. arcuate, not humped at base where some minute setae; that of male shorter than pronotum, feebly arcuate, as wide as apex of Rhodobaenus aterrimus (Champion) front femur, densely punctate; of female strongly arcuate, narrower than that of male, Sphenophorus aterrimus Champion, "1909-1910" feebly punctate; basal dilation sulcate. Gular [1910], p. 156 (lectotype, male, Mexico, here peduncle of male flat; of female with sharp designated from original pair in British Mu- little angle in front. Antennal scape black, seum, examined). longer than one-half length of rostrum; about DIAGNOSIS: Entirely black, robust; similar same length as funicle. Antennal club wider to mundus in having broad, flat elytral inter- than apex of rostrum; spongy apex as long vals and wide, triangular scutellum, but dif- as or longer than one-half length of club. fers in having elytral intervals finely punc- Antennal groove opening onto eye. tate, not impunctate, and striae impunctate, Pronotum convex or flat, longer than wide, not densely punctate; pygidium feebly con- impunctate, black with apex and part of sides vex, not medially cristate; and spongy apex red, or entirely black, or red with median of antennal club shorter. black stripe. Elytra more than one-half lon- RANGE: Mexico. (For five specimens ex- ger than pronotum, but not wider, black with amined, see Appendix.) red lateral stripe covering from two to six DESCRIPTION: Entirely black. Length 13 to discal intervals or only one interval; intervals 15 mm. Rostrum arcuate, punctate, not impunctate; striae in red areas densely punc- humped at base, narrower than apex of front tate. Prosternum not tumid; middle intercox- femur, distinctly shorter than pronotum, es- al space one-fourth diameter of coxae; ven- pecially that of male; basal dilation dorsally ter and legs black. Femora linear; hind deeply sulcate, markedly constricted behind femora short, reaching to fourth abdominal angles over antennal insertion. Gular pedun- segment only. Pygidium abruptly, strongly cle of male rounded in front; of female with tumid at apex, very long, extending beyond small acute angle in front and feebly sinuate abdomen; acuminate, densely punctate. behind. Antennal scape longer than one-half Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with length of rostrum and about as long as funicle V-shaped emargination apically, hollowed and club combined. Antennal club round, out; borders thick. not quite as wide as rostrum; spongy apex REMARKS: This narrow little species is from one-third to almost one-half length of unique; it differs from the majority of the ge- club. Antennal groove separated from eye by 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 181 width of scape at apex; lower border angu- DESCRIPTION: Black, reddish, or black and late under rostrum. red. Length 9 to 13 mm. Rostrum black, ar- Pronotum convex or flattish, appearing cuate, humped at base, feebly punctate or longer than wide, but in fact almost as wide impunctate, narrower than apex of front fe- as long, sparsely, finely punctate. Elytra mur; that of male shorter than pronotum; of longer than pronotum by about one-half, at female as long as pronotum; basal dilation base scarcely wider; intervals flat, shining, deeply sulcate. Gular peduncle of male finely punctate; striae impunctate. Proster- rounded; of female angulate in front. Anten- num tumid in front of coxae, prominent be- nal scape as long as or longer than three- hind coxae; middle coxal interspace about fourths length of rostrum and as long as one-third diameter of coxae. Femora cla- funicle and club combined. Antennal club vate, short, hind femora not reaching to apex elongate, distinctly wider than apex of ros- of abdomen. Pygidium densely punctate, trum; spongy apex more than one-half length shining, scarcely convex; apex rounded. of club. Antennal groove separated from eye Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with by width of scape at base. apex feebly emarginate; dorsally slightly Pronotum convex at middle, feebly im- flared out toward apex, strongly sclerotized; pressed behind, as wide as long or feebly in profile oblique to apex. longer than wide, with or without feebly el- REMARKS: In one of the two specimens evated median line; generally black, but can from San Jeronimo and in a specimen from be red, or red with base or basal half black, Colima there are two small oval depressions or median stripe black on red; finely punctate one on each side of the center of the prono- or impunctate. Elytra almost twice length of tum; in one specimen the elytra are more pronotum, black or dark red; intervals im- dark red than black. In the lectotype there punctate; striae densely punctate. Proster- is a feebly elevated median line on the prono- num tumid in front of coxae, black, or red in tum which is absent from other specimens. part; middle coxal interspace one-third or The claw excavation is small for the size of one-fourth diameter of coxae; remainder be- the insect. low and legs black. Femora feebly clavate. In addition to the characters given in the Pygidium finely, densely punctate, subcris- Diagnosis, aterrimus differs from mundus in tate and setose to apex; apex subacuminate. having the prosternum behind the coxae Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with prominent and the pronotum without trace apex truncate, medially membranous; bor- of a basal impression. In both species the ders wide; in profile apex oblique. eyes seem narrower than normal. One male REMARKS: Champion described mundus was dissected. and aterrimus in Sphenophorus, remarking that mundus could go as well in Rhodo- Rhodobaenus mundus (Champion) baenus. The claw segment is excavated in both Figure 15 species. The pronotum is more convex at the middle in mundus, the elytra at the base are Sphenophorus mundus Champion, "1909-1910" wider than the pronotum and the striae of the [1910], p. 156 ("Sierra de Durango," Mexico; elytra are densely punctate, not impunctate type, female, in British Museum, examined). as in aterrimus. In fresh condition the pygid- DIAGNOSIS: Robust black species suf- ium, as in pustulosus, is medially cristate fused, in some examples, with red; differs with white setae. from equally large valens in having no pat- Five of 17 specimens from Huehotitan, Ja- tern or white dots on elytra, and rostrum lisco, may represent a new species or merely long and narrow, not short and wide; differs variations of mundus. They differ from other from aterrimus as stated in diagnosis for that specimens in having the elytral striae seem- species. ingly impunctate (the specimens are greased), RANGE: Mexico. (For 33 specimens ex- the pronotum narrower, and the antennal amined, see Appendix.) club more round than elongate. 182 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
The type locality, Sierra de Durango, is Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with one that Champion (loc. cit., p. 210) ques- apex emarginate, membranous medially. tioned for several other species of southern REMARKS: This species, as well as aterri- distribution; it is probably not in the northern mus and mundus, which precede, was de- state of Durango, but in Oaxaca or Veracruz. scribed in Sphenophorus, and it resembles Six males and one female were dissected. dorsally some of the large species of that ge- nus in the United States. It belongs in Rho- dobaenus, however, because of the excavat- Rhodobaenus octocostatus (Champion) ed claw segment of the tarsus and the fact that the Sphenophorus octocostatus pygidium is similar in both sexes. Champion " 1909- One male was 1910" [1910], p. 157, pl. 7, figs. 33, 33a (lec- dissected. totype, female, Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico, here designated from three original specimens Rhodobaenus dentirostris (Champion) in British Museum, examined). Figure 16 DIAGNOSIS: Differing from other Rhodo- Homalostylus dentirostris Champion, "1909- baenus in having elytra costate with eight 1910" [1910], p. 118, pl. 5, figs. 31, 31a, 32 (Santecomapan, Veracruz, Mexico; type, male, convex, not flat, black stripes, and pronotum in British with black median stripe elevated, not flat. Museum, examined). RANGE: Mexico. (For three specimens ex- DIAGNOSIS: Dark red with some black, dif- amined, see Appendix.) fering from other species in having combi- DESCRIPTION: Black with brown and black nation of characters as follows: dilated an- stripes on elytra. Length 11 to 12 mm. Ros- tennal scape (as wide as rostrum at middle); trum black, shorter than pronotum, feebly long, narrow, basally impressed pronotum humped at base, finely, densely punctate, almost as long as elytra; acutely angulate narrower than apex of front femur; basal di- lower (or posterior) border of antennal lation dorsally sulcate, strongly constricted groove; flat, very long prosternum (from behind angles over antennal insertion. Gular front of coxae to apex of prosternum three peduncle of male right angled; of female with or more times longer than diameter of cox- obtuse angle in front. Antennal scape longer ae); and claw segment not excavated. than one-half length of rostrum, about equal RANGE: Mexico, Costa Rica; Ecuador. in length to funicle and club combined. An- (For six specimens examined, see Vaurie, tennal club roundish, almost as wide as apex 1980; for three additional specimens, see Ap- of rostrum; spongy apex about one-half pendix.) length of club. Antennal groove separated DESCRIPTION: (see Vaurie, 1980). from eye by twice width of scape at base. REMARKS: Not only is the prosternum Pronotum longer than wide, black, con- longer than normal between the coxae and vex, with elevated; impunctate median line; the front border, but it is longer from the reminder with deep, dense, coarse punctures base of the front coxae to the base of the among reddish brown encrustations. Elytra prosternum (twice as long as in other longer than pronotum by one-half, with eight species). broad, black, convex, glabrous costae and eight reddish brown, depressed interspaces set with small black tubercles. Prosternum Rhodobaenus rubicundus Champion black, scarcely tumid, punctate coarsely as Figure 17 on pronotum; area behind front coxae bitu- Rhodobaenus rubicundus Champion, " 1909-1910" berculate and tumid; middle coxal interspace [1910], p. 151, pl. 7, figs. 31, 31a (lectotype, one-fourth diameter of coxae. Femora male, Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama, in British strongly bulbous, clavate, hind femora not Museum, examined). reaching apex of elytra. Pygidium evenly DIAGNOSIS: Opaque, reddish, with faint convex, densely punctate. black marks and whitish spots; unique in 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 183 combination of: conical pronotum; subtrian- long hind legs." The eyes, as remarked also gular elytra with strong subapical callus; by Champion, are small and very narrow, long, arcuate, clavate hind femora extending being not wider than the antennal club and well beyond apex of pygidium; small narrow not longer than the width of the rostrum at eyes; antennal groove small and horizontal, base; in the paralectotype the rostrum is widely separated from eye. tipped backward and one can see that the RANGE: Costa Rica, Panama. (For 12 eyes are also widely separated below. specimens examined, see Appendix.) In my review of the species with the claw DESCRIPTION: Red and black, white dots. segment smooth, not excavated (Vaurie, Length 8 to 9 mm. Rostrum red, strongly ar- 1967), I considered rubicundus in that cate- cuate, longer than pronotum, not humped at gory, but I find that there is an excavation base, almost as wide as apex of front femur, although very small and difficult to see. The punctate rather coarsely in male, less so in female lectotype I designated at that time has female; basal dilation dorsally much longer proved, upon partial dissection, to be a male. than wide, not sulcate. Gular peduncle of The sexes are not externally well differen- male flat, of female extending feebly for- tiated. The rostrum is the same shape and is ward. Antennal scape red, longer than one- densely punctate in both sexes; the male has half length of rostrum, almost as long as no ventral tubercle and no ventral depres- funicle and club combined. Antennal club sion. Six males, including the lectotype, and elongate, feebly dilated, narrower than ros- two females were dissected, in all or in part. trum at middle; spongy apex acuminate, The 13 species that follow were reviewed about one-half length of club. Antennal as part of the "nawradii group." In the pres- groove separated from eye by slightly more ent paper they appear in the key to the than width of antennal club. species and in the Checklist above, but for Pronotum subconical, red with faint, the synonymies, diagnoses, and descrip- short, median black stripe and punctures sur- tions, previous papers should be consulted rounded by whitish; base slightly sinuate, (Vaurie, 1967, 1980). Additional specimens with feebly transverse impression. Elytra examined after these dates are listed in the distinctly wider than pronotum and about Appendix. one-half longer, subtriangular (sides narrow- ing strongly to apex), bisinuate at base; red Rhodobaenus auriculatus (Chevrolat) with faint oblique median black marks; in- Cactophagus auriculatus Chevrolat, 1882, p. 580 tervals with large whitish dots; subapical cal- (type locality, Chiapas, Mexico). lus strongly tumid. Prosternum red with faint black stripe laterally, tumid in front of coxae RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, where cut back to long apical constriction; Costa Rica. remainder below and legs reddish; middle in- tercoxal space from one-third to one-half di- Rhodobaenus nawradii (Kirsch) ameter of coxae. Femora distinctly clavate, about twice as wide at apex as at base; hind Sphenophorus Nawradii Kirsch, 1869, p. 223 femora feebly arcuate, extending beyond (type locality, Bogota, Colombia). apex of pygidium. Pygidium evenly convex, RANGE: Costa Rica, Panama; Colombia, somewhat wider than long; apex rounded. Ecuador. Male: No ventral tubercle. Aedeagus with apex truncate; all borders, including apical Rhodobaenus cuneatus Champion border, narrow; in profile upper edge obliquely rounded to apex. Rhodobaenus stigmaticus var. cuneatus Cham- REMARKS: Champion (loc. cit.) defined pion, "1909-1910" [1910], p. 124 (lectotype lo- cality, Chontales, Nicaragua). this species as "an isolated form . . . with a conical, nigro-lineate prothorax, triangular, RANGE: Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; obliquely unifasciate elytra, and unusually Colombia. 184 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
Rhodobaenus plicatus Champion Rhodobaenus fortirostris Champion Rhodobaenus plicatus Champion, "1909-1910" Rhodobaenus fortirostris Champion, "1909-1910" [1910], p. 122 (lectotype locality, La Palma, [1910], p. 127 (type locality, Cosamaloapam, Costa Rica). Veracruz, Mexico). RANGE: Costa Rica, Panama. RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala, Panama. Rhodobaenus stigmaticus (Fahraeus) Rhodobaenus melanocardius (Linnaeus) Sphenophorus stigmaticus Fahraeus, 1845, p. 244 Curculio melanocardius Linnaeus, 1764, p. 45 (type locality, Cordoba, Mexico). (type locality, India, error for Central or South America). RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala, British Hon- duras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica. RANGE: Costa Rica, Panama; French Guiana, Surinam, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru. Rhodobaenus sexguttatus Champion Rhodobaenus sexguttatus Champion, " 1909- Rhodobaenus quadripunctatus (Chevrolat) 1910" [1910], p. 130 (lectotype locality, Tox- Cactophagus quadripunctatus Chevrolat, 1882, p. pam, Mexico). 581 (type locality, Colombia). RANGE: Mexico. RANGE: Panama; Colombia, Ecuador. Rhodobaenus v-nigrum Champion Figure 18 Rhodobaenus pinguis Chevrolat Rhodobaenus v-nigrum Champion, "1909-1910" Rhodobaenus pinguis Chevrolat, 1885, p. 283 [1910], p. 131 (lectotype locality, Chontales, (type locality, Mexico). Nicaragua). RANGE: Mexico. RANGE: Nicaragua, Costa Rica. Rhodobaenus saginatus Champion Rhodobaenus interruptus Champion Rhodobaenus saginatus Champion, "1909-1910" Rhodobaenus interruptus Champion, "1909-1910" [1910], p. 125 (lectotype locality, Cerro Zunil, [1910], p. 125 (lectotype locality, Irazu, Costa Guatemala). Rica). RANGE: Guatemala, British Honduras, El RANGE: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica. Panama. 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 185
APPENDIX SPECIMENS EXAMINED For convenience, the species and the HONDURAS: San Marcos de Colon, 2 (OB). countries under each species are listed al- MEXICO: 8 (BM, MN, USNM, ZM). Chiapas: phabetically. The institutions or individuals 1 (BM). Guerrero: Omilteme, 13 (BM, USNM). to which the specimens belong are indicated Nayarit: El Pichon, 2 (OB). Oaxaca: Juquila, 3 (BM). Veracruz: Cordoba, 1 (OB); Fortin de las by letter symbols in parentheses as follows: Flores, 1 (OB); Orizaba, 2 (BM, USNM). AMNH, the American Museum of Natural His- NICARAGUA: 3 (DM, MN). tory, New York PANAMA: Chiriqui: Cerro Punta, 3 (AMNH); BM, British Museum (Natural History), Lon- El Volcan, 4 (AMNH, OB). don CB, Carlos Bordon, Maracay Rhodobaenus albopunctatus Champion CDA, Canada Department of Agriculture, Ot- tawa MEXICO: 2 (BM, MN); "Sierra de Du- DM, Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde, Dres- rango," 1 (MN). Guerrero: Ixcuinatoyac, 1 den (USNM). Morelos: Xochitepec, 1 (OB). Oa- HH, Henry Hespenheide collection, Los An- xaca: Panistlahuaca, 3 (including lectotype, geles BM). HO, Henry and Anne Howden collection, Ot- tawa KU, Guillermo Kuschel collection, Division of Rhodobaenus andreae Chevrolat Entomology, Auckland MEXICO: 4 (including type, NR; BM, MN, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, ZM). Guerrero: Omilteme, 2 (BM). Paris NR, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm OB, Charles O'Brien collection, Tallahassee Rhodobaenus arcuatus Champion RA, Robert Anderson collection, Ottawa MEXICO: 1 (MN). Veracruz: Santeco- SP, Museu de Zoologia, Sao Paulo UG, University of Georgia, Athens mapan, 1 (BM); Toxpam, 2 (including lec- USNM, National Museum of Natural History, totype, BM). Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D.C. NICARAGUA: Chontales: 1 (BM). UV, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Facul- tad de Agronomia, Maracay Rhodobaenus aterrimus (Champion) ZM, Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt Uni- versitiit, Berlin MEXICO: 2 (including lectotype, BM). Colima: Volcan, 1 (USNM). Distrito Fede- For several abundant species I have omit- ral: San Jeronimo, 2 (AMNH). ted data on their disposition. Additional specimens examined are re- corded below for 19 species that appeared Rhodobaenus auctus Chevrolat either in the first (South American) part of BRITISH HONDURAS: Roaring Creek, the revision (Vaurie, 1980), or in the review 1. of the "nawradii group" (Vaurie, 1967). COLOMBIA: Bogota, 1; Rio Frio, Mag- Some of these records represent extensions dalena, 19. of range and are so noted. COSTA RICA: 12; Escazu, 2 (including lectotype graphicus); Azahar de Cartago, 1; Rhodobaenus adspersus (Gyllenhal) Atenas, 1; Rio Grande, 1; 40 km NE Tu- GUATEMALA: 13 (DM, MN, USNM, ZM); rrialba, 1. Puntarenas: Santa Elena, 1; Gua- Antigua, 1 (OB); Canalitos, 2 (MN, ZM); Chica- cimal, 3. Alajuela: 3, Grecia, 4. San Jose: cao, 3 (USNM); Coban, 2 (AMNH, USNM); 1; San Pedro, 1; La Caja, 1. Cumbre Rabinal, El Chol, 4 (AMNH); Yepocapa, EL SALVADOR: La Libertad: La Li- 4 (USNM); Senahu, Verapaz, 1 (USNM). bertad, 1. 186 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
GUATEMALA: 18; Amatitlan, 3; Anti- Rhodobaenus auriculatus (Chevrolat) gua, 1; Testuaco, Santa Rosa, 1; Canalitos, Additional record: (for range, see under 1; Panzos, 3; San Marcos, 2; Duenias, 5; San the species in the text). Geronimo, 6; San Isidro, 1. Chimaltenango: COSTA RICA: Monteverde, 1 (HO). Yepocapa, 1. Escuintla: Palin, 1; El Zapote, 3. Retalhuleu: San Sebastian, 5. Sacatepe- Rhodobaenus bellus, new species quez: Capetillo, 3. Suchitepequez: Moca, 1; Variedades, 3. Veracruz: Pancina, 1. COSTA RICA, PANAMA: (see under the HONDURAS: Comayagua: 14 mi NW species in the text). Siguatepeque, 1. Cortes: El Jaral, Finca Fe, 1. El Paraiso: El Zamorano, 4. Santa Bar- Rhodobaenus bicinctus Chevrolat bara: 13 mi SE El Mochito, 3. Additional records: (for range, see under MEXICO: 36 (including types auctus, ele- the species in the text). gans, corniculatus, NR); 53 (from 12 locali- COSTA RICA: Ochomogo, 7; Tres Rios ties, BM). Aguascalientes: 1. Chiapas: 1; 17 and Capellades, 3; San Jose, 13 (all USNM). mi SE Teopisca, 1; Sumidero, 1; Ocozocau- GUATEMALA: Antigua, 3 (OB); Cerro tla, 1. Colima: Volcan, 2; Volcan, Esperan- Zunil, 1 (USNM). Quezaltenango: San Pe- za, 1; Colima, 1; 10 mi S Tonila, 10. Guana- dro Sacatapequez at Rio Nahuala, 2 (USNM). juato: 1. Guerrero: 2; Ixcuinato, 1; Tierra *HONDURAS: Cortes: 19 km N Cofra- Colorado, 1; Chilapa, 1; 22 mi N Chilpancin- dia, 8. Distrito Federal: Tamara, 1. Ocote- go, 1; Tepetlapa, 2; Iguala, 2. Jalisco: 1; peque: 14 km E Nueva Ocotepeque, 2. San- Guadalajara, 13; Ocotlan, 1; Huejotitan, 2; ta Barbara: 13 km SE El Mochito, 6 (all OB). Lake Chapala, Tizapan, 1; Ajijic, 1. Mexico: *NICARAGUA: Matagalpa, 30 (OB); San- Real de Arriba, Temascaltepec, 1. Michoa- ta Maria de Ostuma, 7 (USNM); 9 mi SE can: San Jose Purua, 1. Morelos: Teques- Jinotega, 2 (OB). quitengo, 1; Hacienda Vista Hermosa, Te- *PANAMA: Cerro Campana, 1 (OB). qui-quitengo, 2; Yautepec, Coaguayote, 1; TRINIDAD: Aripo Valley, 1 (USNM); Cuautla, 3; Joyutla, 6; Matamoros, 5; Cuer- Morne Bleu, 1 (HO). navaca, 31; Hujintlan, 15; Tepoztlan, 1. Na- yarit: Sierra de Nayarit, 2; Tepic, 2. Oaxaca: Rhodobaenus bisignatus Champion Valle National, 1; Juchatengo, 4; Oaxaca, 1. COSTA RICA: Turrialba, 3 (USNM). Puebla: Puebla, 1; Acatlan, 1. Queretaro: GUATEMALA: Capetillo, Sacatepequez, Queretaro, 1. San Luis Potosi: El Salto de 1 (AMNH). Agua, 4; Tamazunchale, 5; Xilitla, 2; Hui- MEXICO: 3 (including lectotype, BM; chihuyan, 5. Tabasco: Teapa, 1. Veracruz: MN). Colima: Volcan, 6 (USNM). Guer- 2; Barranca, Rio Metlac, 4; San Andres Tux- rero: Taxco, 2 (ZM). Jalisco: Guadalajara, tla, 3; Misantla, 10; Toxpam, 5; Jalapa, 5; 2 (AMNH, MN); near Rincon, 35 mi NW Playa Vicente, 1; Cerro de Plumas, 1; Cor- Los Volcanes, 1 (OB). Morelos: Cuernava- doba, 3; Veracruz, 1; Fortin, 1; Orizaba, 1; ca, 1 (OB). Nayarit: 9 mi N Compostela, 1 Lake Catemaco, 4; Rio Atojal, source, 1; (OB). Oaxaca: Juquila, 1 (BM); Temascal, Puente Nacional, 1. Veracruz or Oaxaca: 1 "Sierra de Durango," 1. ?State: Rio Blanco, 4 (OB, USNM). Puebla: (BM). 6; St. Rosa, 2. Rhodobaenus biundulatus Champion NICARAGUA: Managua, 1. Chontales: 5. MEXICO: 1; "Sierra de Durango," 1; PANAMA: Canal Zone: Cerro Campana, Misantla, Veracruz, 2 (including lectotype) 2; Cabima, 1; Ciricito, 1; Madden Lake, 1; (all BM). Pipe Line Road, 1. Chiriqui: Bugaba, 2. Co- cle: El Valle, 3. Panama: Chepo, 1. NO LOCALITY: 1. * New country record. 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 187
Rhodobaenus brevirostris Champion 4; Pilar, 1; Ventanas, 1; Sierra de Durango, GUATEMALA: Panzos, 1 (MN); San 2. Guerrero: Taxco, 3. Jalisco: Autlan, 1. Juan, Verapaz, 1 (type veraepacis, BM); Mexico: Temascaltepec, 1. Morelos: Cuer- Volcan de Atitlan, 1 (lectotype brevirostris, navaca, 4. Oaxaca: Oaxaca, 1; Palomares, BM). 1; Presidio, 1; Valle Nacional, 1. Sinaloa: 50 HONDURAS: San Pedro Sula, Cortes, 1 mi NE Mazatlan, 1. Veracruz: Cerro de Plu- (BM). mas, 1; Atoyac, 1; Jalapa, 1; Cordoba, 3; MEXICO: San Isidro, 1 (BM). Chiapas: Lake Catemaco, 2; Misantla, 1; Vega del Pacific Slope, Cordilleras, 1 (USNM). Guer- Sol, 1; Fortin de las Flores, 1; La Buena rero: Xautipa, 1 (BM). Oaxaca: 20 mi S Ju- Ventura, 3. chatengo, 2 (HO). NICARAGUA: Chontales: 9. NICARAGUA: 8 mi N Matagalpa, 1 (OB). NO LOCALITY: 2. GUATEMALA, MEXICO: 144 from var- Rhodobaenus buchanani, new species ious localities examined in British Museum. MEXICO: (see under the species in the text). Rhodobaenus cinereiventris Champion EL SALVADOR: Cerro Verde, Sonso- Rhodobaenus cariniventris Champion nate, 2 (CDA). GUATEMALA: 1 (BM); San Jeronimo, 1 GUATEMALA: 3 (MN); Panajachel, So- (BM); Zapote, 5 (lectotype, BM; USNM). lola, 2 (OB). MEXICO: Chiapas: Pacific Slope, Cordi- MEXICO: Chiapas: El Sumidero, 3 lleras, 2 (USNM). Oaxaca: Juquila, 2 (BM, (AMNH); Tapachula, 1 (BM). Oaxaca: Ju- DM). Veracruz: San Andres Tuxtla, 1 (BM); quila, 2 (BM). Veracruz: Misantla, 1 (lecto- Road to Volcan San Martin, NE San Andres type, BM). Tuxtla, 1 (OB). Rhodobaenus confusus Chevrolat Rhodobaenus cinctus (Gyllenhal) MEXICO: 15 (BM, MN, ZM). Veracruz: COSTA RICA: 30; Turrialba, 3; San Jose, Jalapa, 3 (AMNH, BM); Cerro de Plumas, 9; Hamburg Farm, Reventazon, Limon, 1; 3 (BM, USNM); Source of Rio Atojal, 1 Piedras Negras, 1; La Palma, 3; San Pedro (USNM). de Montes de Oca, 2. EL SALVADOR: San Salvador, 2; Los Chorros, 4 km S Santa Tecla, 1. Rhodobaenus cuneatus Champion GUATEMALA: 4; Cacao, Trece Aguas, Additional records: (for range, see under Verapaz, 2; Escuintla, 1; Huehuetenango, 1; the species in the text). Panzos, 1; Finca Santa Adelaida, 8 mi N COLOMBIA: Anchicaya Dam, Valle, 1 Santa Barbara, 3; Variedades, Suchitepe- (HO). quez, 1; Yepocapa, Chimaltenango, 1; Za- COSTA RICA: Monteverde, 3; Monte- pote, 3. verde Reserve, 6 (HO, USNM); Santa Clara, HONDURAS: Olancho: 11 mi NE Cata- 1 (USNM). Heredia: La Selva, near Puerto camas, 7. El Paraiso: 13 km NW El Zamo- Viejo, 1 (RA). rano, 1. Santa Barbara: El Mochito, 1. PANAMA: Canal Zone: Cerro Campana, MEXICO: 34; Chiapas: Tapachula, 9 (in- 2 (HH). cluding lectotype maculipes); [El] Sumidero, 2; Huixtla, 1; Pacific Slope, Cordilleras, 4; 17 mi SE Teopisca, 2; San Jeronimo Tacana, Rhodobaenus cylindricollis Champion 1; San Jose, 2; Junction Highways 190, 195, MEXICO: Morelos: Cuernavaca, 2 (type, 1. Colima: Volcan, 10. Durango: Canelas, USNM; BM). 188 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
Rhodobaenus deltoides Chevrolat Rhodobaenus guttatus (Fahraeus) BRITISH HONDURAS: El Cayo, 2 MEXICO: 7 (type, NR; BM, DM, ZM). (USNM); Blancaneau, 1 (BM); Belize, Cayo, Distrito Federal: 2 (USNM). Guanajuato: 1 Xunantunich, 2 (OB); Belize, Cayo, 10 mi S (DM). Guerrero: Amula, 2 (BM, lectotype Georgeville, 1 (OB). unidentatus); Omilteme, 2 (BM). Michoa- COSTA RICA: 13 (MN); San Jose, 1 can: San Jose Purua, 1 (OB); Tuxpan, 4 (USNM). Puntarenas: Santa Elena, 1 (HO); (OB). Guacimal, 1 (HO). EL SALVADOR: San Salvador, 2 Rhodobaenus incertus (Champion) (USNM); La Union, 1 (USNM). COSTA RICA: La Palma, 1 (type, denti- GUATEMALA: San Sebastian, Retalhu- fer, BM). leu, 1 (USNM); Panzos, 1 (MN); Acatenan- GUATEMALA: San Marcos, 1 (MN). go, 1 (USNM); Purula, 1 (BM); Yepocapa, MEXICO: Veracruz: Toxpam, 1 (type, in- Chimaltenango, 1 (USNM); Cacao, Trece certus, BM). Aguas, Alta Verapaz; 4 (BM, USNM); Za- pote, 2 (BM). Rhodobaenus inopinatus, new species HONDURAS: Comayagua: SW Coma- in the yagua, 1; S end Lago Yojoa, 4; Taulabe, Rio MEXICO: (see under the species text). Jaitique, 9. Siguatepequez: 1 (all OB). Campeche: MEXICO: 3 (type, NR; MN). Rhodobaenus interruptus Champion Escarega, 1 (OB). Chiapas: Junction High- ways 190, 195, 2 (HO); Tapachula, 16 (BM, Additional records: (for range, see under USNM). Colima: Volcan, 2 (USNM). Mexi- the species in the text). co: Tejupilco, Temascaltepec, 1 (USNM). COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: 6 mi S San Morelos: Cuernavaca, 2 (BM, USNM). Vito, 1 (HH). San Jose: 13 mi N San Isidro Nayarit: Tepic, 1 (USNM). Nuevo Leon: del General, 1 (OB). Valle, 1 (OB). Oaxaca: Almolonga, 1 PANAMA: Chiriqui: Fortuna, 3 (OB). (USNM); Juquila, 2 (BM); Temascal, 3 (OB). Puebla: Teziutlan, 1 (CDA). San Luis Po- Rhodobaenus latens, new species tosi: 14 mi S Tamazunchale, 1 (USNM). Si- GUATEMALA, MEXICO: (see under the naloa: 33 mi E Villa Union, 1 (CDA). Ta- species in the text). basco: La Choutalpa, 3 (OB); Cardenas, 1 (USNM). Veracruz: 1 (BM); Jalapa, 3 (BM, Rhodobaenus lebasii (Gyllenhal) ZM); Playa Vicente, 2 (BM, DM); Cordoba, 4 (AMNH, USNM); Toxpam, 5 (BM, DM); Additional records: (for range, see under St. Lucrecia, 1 (USNM); Sayula, 1 (USNM); the species in the text). Lake Catemaco, 1 (CDA); Conejos, 1 (OB). COLOMBIA: Magdalena: Sierra Nevada 1 NICARAGUA: Chontales: 1 (BM). de Santa Marta, Puente de los Claves, (OB). Rhodobaenus dentirostris (Champion) COSTA RICA: Turrialba, 1 (OB). Punta- renas: Guacimal, 1 (HO). Additional records: (for range, see in the EL SALVADOR: Santa Tecla (CDA). text). San Vicente: San Vicente, 2 (OB). La Li- COSTA RICA: Cartago: Turrialba, 2 bertad: La Libertad, 2 (OB). (HO). GUATEMALA: Lanquin, Alta Verapaz, MEXICO: Veracruz: Lake Catemaco, 1 2 (OB). (HO). HONDURAS: Comayagua: Comayagua, 1. Cortes: near El Jaral, 1. Olancho: Cata- Rhodobaenus fortirostris Champion cames, 2 (all OB). Additional record: (for range, see in the MEXICO: Chiapas: Pichucalco, 1 (OB). text). Colima: Ameria Bridge, 2 (OB). Jalisco: Te- GUATEMALA: 32 mi SE Coban, 1 (OB). calitlan, 1 (USNM); Guadalajara, 1 (OB); 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 189
Chapala, 1 (OB). Morelos: Hacienda Vista (BM, DM); Presidio, 1 (USNM); Puerto An- Hermosa, 1 (OB); Yautepec, 1 (OB); Cuer- gel, 1 (USNM); Temascal, 1 (OB). Veracruz: navaca, 2 (CDA). Nayarit: Tepic, 7 (OB); Atoyac, 1 (BM); Cordoba, 2 (OB, USNM); Acaponeta, 10 (CDA); San Blas, 2 (OB). Jalapa, 3 (DM, MN); Metlac, 1 (OB); Playa Oaxaca: La Ventosa, 72 mi E Oaxaca, 3 Vicente, 1 (BM); Santecomapan, 1 (BM); (OB). Puebla: Tehuacan, 1 (OB). San Luis Toxpam, 3 (BM). Tabasco: Teapa, 3 (BM, Potosi: Tamazunchale, 1 (OB). Sinaloa: HH). Manzanillo, 1 (USNM); Mazatlan, 2 (OB); Highway 40, E Concordia, 2 (OB). Vera- cruz: La Tinaga, 1 (USNM): Lake Catema- Rhodobaenus mas, new species co, 16 (CDA, HO, OB); Dos Amates, 2 MEXICO: (see under the species in the (CDA, OB); Tlapacoyan, 1 (CDA); Tejeria, text). 2 (OB); Fortin de las Flores, 3; Santiago Tux- tla, 12; Paso del Toro, 3, Santecomapan, 1; Rhodobaenus melanocardius (Linnaeus) El Naranjo, 1 (all OB). Yucatan: Chichen Additional records: (see under the species Itza, 2; E Valladolid, 1 (OB). in the text for range). NICARAGUA: Granada: Nandaime, 1 COSTA RICA: Cartago: Turrialba Vol- (OB). can, 5 (OB). PANAMA: Canal Zone: Madden Dam, 2; ECUADOR: 44 km N Tena, 1 (OB). Gamboa, 1 (OB). PANAMA: Chiriqui: Fortuna, 2 (OB). Canal Zone: Fort Sherman, 1 (OB). Rhodobaenus leucographus (Fahraeus) SURINAM: Km 8, Pbo.-Albina Road, 1 MEXICO: 3 (BM). Colima: Esperanza, (OB). Volcan, 1 (USNM). Mexico: Tejupilco, Te- mascaltepec, 1 (USNM); Ixtapan de la Sal, 1 (OB); Valle de Bravo, 1 (OB). Michoacan: Rhodobaenus melas, new species Pedregal near Tancitaro, 1 (USNM); Urua- COSTA RICA, MEXICO: (see under the pan, 1 (HH). Morelos: Cuernavaca, 2 (BM). species in the text). Veracruz: Orizaba, 2 (ZM). Rhodobaenus mundus (Champion) Rhodobaenus lineiger Chevrolat MEXICO: 2 (BM, MN). Aguascalientes: Additional records: (for range, see under W of southern Aguascalientes state line, 2 the species in the text). (OB). Guanajuato: 1 (USNM). Jalisco: ECUADOR: Baeza, Napo, 1 (HO). Huejotitan, 17 (MN). Michoacan: Bosen- PANAMA: 7 mi SW El Valle, 1. Canal chehe, 6 (HO); Morelia, 1 (USNM). Oaxaca: Zone: Coco Solo Hospital, 3; Madden For- 1 (ZM). Oaxaca or Veracruz: "Sierra de est, 1; Achiote Road, Gatun, 1 (all OB). Durango," 1 (type, BM). NO LOCALITY: 2 (USNM, ZM). Rhodobaenus maculifer (Fahraeus) BRITISH HONDURAS: Belize, 1 (DM). Rhodobaenus nawradii (Kirsch) GUATEMALA: Cubilguitz, 1 (BM); 32 mi Additional records: (for range, see under SE Coban, 1 (OB); Panima, 1 (BM); Panzos, the species). 6 (MN). Verapaz: 1 (MN); Purula, 9 (BM, COLOMBIA: Choco, 50 km W Bolivar, 1 USNM); Sabo, 2 (BM); Trece Aguas, 1 (HO). (USNM); San Jeronimo, 2 (BM). COSTA RICA: Heredia: La Selva, 3 km HONDURAS: Comayagua: Siguate- S Puerto Viejo, 1 (HH). peque, 1 (OB). Cortes: Cofradia, 1 (OB). *PANAMA: Canal Zone: Cerro Cam- Santa Barbara: 13 km SE El Mochito, 1 pana, 7 (CB, HH, HO). (OB). MEXICO: 4 (DM, MN). Chiapas: Ixta- comitan, 1 (USNM). Oaxaca: Juquila, 2 * New country record. 190 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
Rhodobaenus nebulosus Champion Rhodobaenus nigrosignatus Champion COSTA RICA: Turrialba, 2 (USNM). COSTA RICA: San Jose: Cerro Nara [?], MEXICO: 1 (MN). Chiapas: San Antonio, NE [Punta] Quepos, 1 (OB). 3 (ZM). Durango: Canelas, 1 (BM). Vera- GUATEMALA: Cerro de Zunil, 1; Las cruz: Jalapa, 6 (AMNH, MN); Toxpam, 3 Mercedes, 1; San Juan, Verapaz, 1; Zapote, (including lectotype, BM). 1 (all BM). PANAMA: Chiriqui: Fortuna, 1 (OB). PANAMA: Chiriqui: Bugaba, 3 (BM); Volcan, 4 (including lectotype, BM; USNM); Rhodobaenus nigripennis Champion El Valle de Nubes, 12 mi NW Rovira, 1 GUATEMALA: Chimaltenango: Yepo- (OB). capa, Finca Panajabal, 1 (OB). Escuintla: Zapote, 1 (BM). Rhodobaenus octocostatus Champion MEXICO: 5 (BM, MN, ZM). Colima: 4 MEXICO: Guerrero: Omilteme, 2 (includ- (USNM); Volcan, 11 (USNM); Volcan, Es- ing lectotype, BM); Xucumanatlan, 1 (BM). peranza, 2 (USNM). Durango: Canelas, 4 (ZM). Morelos: Cuernavaca, 3 (BM, USNM); Rhodobaenus olivaceus Champion San Anton Falls, 4 (USNM). Nayarit: El Pichon, 1 (OB). Oaxaca: Juquila, 3 (BM); COSTA RICA: 2 (MN); Turrialba, 5 (BM, Yolos, 1 (lectotype, BM). Sinaloa: Palmito, HO, MN, ZM); Piedras Negras, 1 (ZM). 2 (CDA). Veracruz: Misantla, 1 (BM); Tox- HONDURAS: Santa Barbara: 13 km E El 1 Mochito, 1 (OB). pam, (BM). PANAMA: Canal Zone: Barro Colorado, Rhodobaenus nigrofasciatus (Champion) 1 (USNM); Cerro Campana, 21 (CB, AMNH, HH, HO, OB, USNM); Cabima, 1 Additional records: (for range, see under (USNM); Fort Kobbe, 1 (OB); Gamboa, 2 the species). (USNM); Madden Forest, 5 (HH, HO). Chi- COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: Monteverde riqui: Volcan, 17 (including lectotype, BM; Forest Reserve, 23 (HO, RA). DM, USNM); Hartman's Finca, Santa PANAMA: Chiriqui: El Valle de Nubes, Clara, 4 (HO); Las Lagunas, 4 mi W Hato 10 mi NW Rovira, 1 (OB). del Volcan, 2 (HO); Caldera, 1 (BM); Buga- ba, 4 (BM); Santa Clara, 1 (OB); El Valle de Rhodobaenus nigrolineatus Chevrolat Nubes, 12 mi NW Rovira, 4 (OB). EL SALVADOR: Monte Cristo, 4 (USNM). Rhodobaenus pantherinus Champion GUATEMALA: Verapaz: Purula, 4 (MN, COSTA RICA: 12 (BM, MN). Ochomogo, USNM); Sabo, 2 (MN, USNM); Trece 23 (USNM, UV); Tarbaca, 1 (BM). Alajuela: Aguas, 2 (USNM). Zarcero, 3 (OB). Puntarenas: Monteverde, MEXICO: 5 (DM, MN, ZM). Chiapas: 1 (HO); S Santa Elena, 2 (HO). San Jose: 10 San Cristobal, 1 (HO). Colima: Volcan, 1 (BM, USNM). (USNM). Durango: Canelas, 1 (ZM). Hi- GUATEMALA: 2 (including lectotype, dalgo: 29 mi E Jacala, 1 (OB). Jalisco: Cerro BM; MN). Cerro Zunil, 2 (BM); Chicacao, Tequila, S Tequila, 1 (OB). Morelos: Cuer- 2 (USNM). El Reposo, 1 (BM); San Juan, 1 navaca, 1 (MN). Oaxaca: 2 (types, nigroli- (BM). Escuintla: 1 (USNM); Zapote or Fin- neatus, suturellus, NR); Panistlahuaca, 1 ca El Zapote, 2 (BM, OB). Suchitepequez: (DM). Veracruz: Jalapa, 2 (AMNH, MN); Finca Santa Adelaida, S Santa Barbara, 1 Toxpam, 1 (USNM). (AMNH). Verapaz: Purula, 2 (BM); San Je- MEXICO, GUATEMALA: 60-70 (various 1 1 (BM). localities, BM). ronimo, (BM); Sabo, HONDURAS: Gracias, 1 (DM). Coma- Rhodobaenus nigropictus Champion yagua: Siguatepeque, 1 (OB). PANAMA: Volcan de Chiriqui, 4 (includ- MEXICO: 5 (DM, MN). Chiapas: 12 mi ing lectotype, BM). NW Berriozabal, El Suspiro, 1 (OB); 27 km 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 191
SE Santa Rosa, 1 (OB); Pacific Slope, Cor- Tolome, near Rinconada, 1 (AMNH); Mi- dilleras, 7 (USNM); San Antonio, 3 (ZM); santla, 2 (USNM). Yucatan: Temax, 16 (in- Tapachula, 1 (BM). Oaxaca: 20 mi S Jucha- cluding lectotype niger, BM; USNM); tengo, route 131, 1 (HO); 6 mi S Valle Na- Chichen Itza, Tres Linteles, 1 (AMNH). cional, 1 (HO). Veracruz: Cordoba, 2 (BM, ?State: St. [Santa] Rosa, 2 (OB). USNM); San Andres Tuxtla, 6 (BM, DM). PANAMA: Cocle: 10 mi SW Penonome, NICARAGUA: Matagalpa, 7 (OB). 1 (OB). PANAMA: Canal Zone: Cerro Campana, 49 (BM, CB, HH, HO, OB, USNM); Em- Rhodobaenus pustulosus (Gyllenhal) pire, 1 (OB). COSTA RICA: San Jose, 13 (USNM). GUATEMALA: Solola: Lake Atitlan, 1 (OB); Rhodobaenus pinguis Chevrolat Panajachel, 6 (OB). MEXICO: 80-100 (BM, various localities); 61 No additional records: (for range, see in (including type, NR; DM, MN, ZM). Chiapas: the text). [El] Sumidero, 8 (AMNH, USNM); Junction Highways 190, 195, 1 (USNM); 19 mi SE Tuxtla Rhodobaenus plicatus Champion Gutierrez, 2 (OB); Pueblo Nuevo, 1 (OB); Tapa- Additional record: (for range, see in the chula, 1 (ZM). Chihuahua: Catarinas, 2 (AMNH). text). Colima: 1 (USNM). Durango: Sierra de Durango, *PANAMA: 7 12 (MN, USNM, ZM); Pilar, 1 (ZM); Palos Co- Chiriqui: Fortuna, (OB); El lorados, 3 (AMNH). Jalisco: Huejotitan, 1 (MN). Valle de Nubes, 12 mi NW Rovira, 1 (OB). Michoacan: Tuxpan, 1 (OB); San Jose Purua, 3 (USNM). Morelos: Cuernavaca, 23 (HO, MN, Rhodobaenus pulchellus (Gyllenhal) USNM); Jalastoc, 3 (USNM); Cuautla, 1 COSTA RICA: 2 (BM, USNM). (AMNH); Joyutla, 4 (AMNH). Nayarit: Tepic, GUATEMALA: 5 (HH, MN, USNM). Cerro San Juan, 1 (MN). Oaxaca: Juquila, 1 Canalitos, 2 (MN, ZM); 1 (USNM); Juchatengo, 1 (USNM); Oaxaca, 1 Coban, (BM); (HO); Calpulalpam, 1 (HO). Puebla: Izucar de Amatitlan, 2 (AMNH); Purula, 11 (BM); Matamoros, 2 (AMNH, OB); Huanchinango, 1 Guatemala City, 1 (USNM); Rabinal, 2 (USNM); Atlixco, 1 (HO). Sinaloa: 20 mi W El (AMNH); Sacapulas, 2 (AMNH); San Palmito, 2 (OB). Sonora: 1 (USNM). Veracruz: Jeronimo, 20 (BM, USNM). Orizaba, 1 (AMNH); Misantla, 1 (USNM). MEXICO: 40-50 (BM, various localities); NICARAGUA: Matagalpa: Matagalpa, 3 (OB). 17 (including type, NR; DM, MN, ZM). UNITED STATES: Arizona: Huachuca Moun- Campeche: 1 (OB). Chiapas: Montebello, 1 tains, 1 (AMNH); Chiricahua Mountains, Pinery (OB). Colima: 4 (USNM); Volcan, 19 Canyon, 1 (AMNH). Texas: Presidio, 1 (USNM). (USNM). Durango: Canelas, 1 (ZM); Ven- tanas, 1 (ZM). Guerrero: Chilpancingo, 3 Rhodobaenus quadripunctatus (Chevrolat) (CDA, OB); Tepetlapa, 1 (ZM); Taxco, 1 Additional record: (for range, see under the (OB). Jalisco: Tizapan, Lake Chapala, 11 species in the text). (AMNH); Sahuayo, 2 (AMNH); 40 mi E, 50 PANAMA: Canal Zone: Summit, 2 (USNM). mi W Guadalajara, 2 (HH). Mexico: Real de Arriba, Temascaltepec, 1 (USNM). More- Rhodobaenus quinquepunctatus (Say) los: Cuernavaca, 12 (HO, MN, USNM); Te- CANADA: Ontario: Ottawa, 1; Britannia, 5; quesquitengo, 1 (OB); Joyutla, 3 (AMNH). Lanark, Keer Lake, 2; Bell's Corners, 1; Meri- Nayarit: Santiago Izcuintla, 1 (ZM); Sierra vale, 1; Ottawa sandpits, 1. Quebec: Berthier- de Nayarit, 1 (MN); Tepic, Cerro San Juan, ville, 1. 1 (MN). Oaxaca: 2 MEXICO: 7 (including lectotype triangularis, Oaxaca, (AMNH, BM; MN). Coahuila: Monclova, 2 (BM, MN). USNM); Tehuantepec, 1 (OB); Monte Al- UNITED STATES: Alabama: 1; Madison, 1; ban, 2 (AMNH); Mitla, 2 (AMNH). Vera- Sam Wingourd, 1; Birmingham, 4. Arkansas: 1. cruz: Orizaba, 1 (USNM); Jalapa, 4 (AMNH); Connecticut: New Canaan, 1. Florida: Hastings, 3; Deland, 1; Titusville, 2; Indian River, 1; Jack- sonville, 1; Green Cove Springs, 1; Madison, 1; * New country record. Oscaloosa County, 2; Monticello, 1; Sanford, 3; 192 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. .171
Winter Park, 1; Alachua, 1; Tallahassee, 12. Rhodobaenus rhinopilus Vaurie Georgia: 2; Atlanta, 6; Jekyll Island, Brunswick, 1; St. Simons Island, 11; Thomasville, 1; Tybee Additional record: (for range, see under the Island, 2; Athens, 5; Catherine Island, 1; Savan- species in the text). nah, 6; Lumpkin County, 2; Clarke County, 2; COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: Monteverde Re- Hall County, 1; Macon, 1; Spal- serve, 2 (HO, RA). ding County, 1; Lizella, 1; Laurens County, 1. Illinois: 2; Quincy, 1; East St. Louis, 1; Galena, Rhodobaenus rubicundus Champion 1; Albion, 1; Bath, 1; Madison County, 4; Clinton COSTA RICA: San Jose: Carillo, 1 (BM). Pun- County, 1; Chicago, 1. Indiana: Hessville, 1; Vin- tarenas: Monteverde Reserve, 2 (HO). Cartago- ita, 1; Lafayette, 27; Peru, 1; Tippecanoe, 2. Limon border: 40 km NE Turrialba, 5 (HO). Iowa: North Liberty, 1; Ames, 2; Iowa City, 7; PANAMA: Chiriqui: Volcan, I (lectotype, Jefferson, 1; Sioux City, 1; La Grange County, 2; BM); Santa Clara, Hartmann's Finca, 2 (HO). Muscotine, 1; Monroe County, 1. Kansas: 2; NO LOCALITY: 1 (ZM). Douglas County, 5; Manhattan, 1; Pottawatomie, 1; Lincoln County, 2. Kentucky: 1; Bell County, Rhodobaenus rubrovittatus Champion 1; Wycliffe, 2; Oldham County, 1. Louisiana: 1; New Orleans, 5; Baton Rouge, 2; Westwego, 5. GUATEMALA: 1 (ZM); Coban, 1 (BM); Duefi- Maryland: Beltsville, 1; Davidsonville, 1; Prince as, 1 (BM). Zacapa: Santa Clara Valley, Sierra George County, 1; Rehobeth Beach, 1; Marshall de las Minas, N Cabanias, 3 (OB). Hall, 1; Montgomery County, 1; Lakeland, 1; MEXICO: 7 (BM, MN). Chiapas: [El] Sumi- Plummer's Island, 1. Massachusetts: 1. Michi- dero, 3 (AMNH). Guanajuato: 2 (MN); Tupataro, gan: Detroit, 1. Minnesota: Preston, Fillmore 3 (including lectotype, BM; USNM). Oaxaca: Ju- County, 1; Traverse County, 2; Swift County, 1. quila, 2 (BM); Oaxaca, I (HO); [La] Parada, 3 Mississippi: Perkinston, 2; Utica, 1; Gulfport, 1; (BM); Capulalpam, 1 (BM). Hattiesburg, 5; Yazoo County, 1; Jackson Coun- ty, 1. Missouri: 9; St. Louis, 1; Boone County, Rhodobaenus saginatus Champion 4; Osage County, 1; Stoddard County, 1; Lafay- Additional records: (for range, see under the ette County, 1. Nebraska: 3; Sarpy County, 4; species in the text). Lancaster, 1; Lincoln, 1. New Jersey: 1; Camden, *BRITISH HONDURAS: Belize, Cayo, 11 mi 1; Montclair, 3; Ramsey, 1; Norwood, 1; Cold S Georgeville, 1 (OB). Spring, 1. New York: 2. North Carolina: 3; Lake- *EL SALVADOR: La Libertad: La Li- land, 1; Tryon, 1; Beaufort, 1; Black Mountains, bertad, 1 (OB). 12; Macon County, 2. Ohio: 1; Sugar Grove, 1; *HONDURAS: Comayagua: 1 (OB). Valle: Cedar Point, 1. Oklahoma: Wagoner, 1. Penn- Pespire, 1 (OB). sylvania: 4; Hummelstown, 1; Delaware County, 1; Bryn Athyn, 1; Virginville, 2; Lansdowne, 2; Rhodobaenus sanguineus (Gyllenhal) Lenhartsville, 3. South Carolina: 8; Charleston, 5. South Dakota: Hot Springs, 1; Belle Fourche, COSTA RICA: 4. San Jose: 13 mi N San Isidro 3; Angostura Dam, 3. Tennessee: 1; Jackson, 2; del General, 1. Nashville, 4; Fenyes, 3; Knoxville, 1; Great EL SALVADOR: Santa Anna Valiano, 1; Cer- Smoky Mountains National Park, 2; Vonore, 1; ro Verde, 1. Elkmont, 2. Texas: 8; Robstown, 1; Bexar Coun- GUATEMALA: 26; Panajachel, 1; Due- ty, 7; Patricio County, 18; Falls County, 1; New nias, 2; Antigua, 2; Chimaltenango, 1; Acate- Braunfels, 1; Dallas, 3; Victoria, 2. Virginia: 2; nango, 2; Chicacao, 3; Capetillo, 7; Coban, 3; Falls Church, 2; Roslyn, 1; Barcroft, 1; Arlington, Panzos, 1; Yepocapa, 11; Chiquimula, 1; Cerro 1; Dyke, 1; Nelson County, 1; Dismal Swamp, 4; Zunil, 3; Quiche, 1; Senahu, 2. Giles County, 1; Radford, 2. Washington, D.C.: MEXICO: 88. Chiapas: 1; Tapachula, 1; Tum- 2; Rock Creek, 6. West Virginia: 3. Wisconsin: bala, 1; Pacific Slope, Cordilleras, 1; 17 mi SE Madison, 1; Sauk County, 1. No Locality: 7. Teopisca, 1; Junction Highways 190, 195, 2; S San Cristobal, 2; Laguna Montebello, 2; Berriozabal, El Suspiro, 4. Chihuahua: Maguarichic, 1. Coli- Rhodobaenus quintus, new species MEXICO: (see under the species in the text). * New country record. 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 193 ma: Armeria Bridge 1; Volcan, 5. Distrito Fed- GUATEMALA: Duenias (lectotype, BM); eral: 1; Tlalpam, 1. Durango: 3; Canelas, 40; 24 Trece Aguas, Alta Verapaz, 1 (USNM). mi W La Ciudad, 4; Coapa, 1. Guerrero: Chil- pancingo, 1; Taxco, 1; Cuapongo, 1; El Rhodobaenus suturalis (Gyllenhal) Gavilan, 1. Hidalgo: El Ocote, 1; 24 mi NE Ja- cala, 11. Jalisco: 1; Guadalajara, 2; Huejotitan, Additional records: (for range, see under the 10; San Juan de los Lagos, 3; Sayula, 4; Ciudad species in the text). Guzman, 1; Lagos de Moreno, 1. Mexico: 1; ARGENTINA: Misiones: Iguazu, 2 (USNM). Toluca, 1; Atlacomulco, 5; Ixtapan de la Sal, BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Santo Augusto, 6. Michoacan: Tancitaro, Pedregal, 3; Palo 5 (OB). Santa Catarina: Nova Teutonia, 1 (OB). Alto, 1; Tuxpan, 1. Morelos: Cuernavaca, 18. Nayarit: Tepic, 1. Nuevo Leon: Chipinque Rhodobaenus tenuiscapus Champion Mesa near Monterrey, 2. Oaxaca: Juquila Mixes, COSTA RICA: Monteverde, 16 (HH, HO, RA, 4; Juquila, 1; 37 mi S Valle Nacional, 1; 20 USNM); Irazu, 3 (BM); Azahar de Cartago, 1 mi S Juchatengo, 6; Rio Molina, S Suchixtepec, (lectotype, BM). 2. Puebla: Villa Juarez, 1; Teziutlan, 6; Puebla, 4; Necaxa, 4. San Luis Potosi: Ciudad del Rhodobaenus thoracicus (Gyllenhal) Maiz, 1; Tamazunchale, 4; Chapulhuacan, 2; Xilitlan, 1. Sinaloa: Santa Lucia, 2. Veracruz: 15 COSTA RICA: Atenas, 1 (ZM); Turrialba, 5 mi W Tlapacoyan, 1; Orizaba, 1; Presidio, 2; Ja- (MN, ZM); Bebedero, Guanacaste, 1 (USNM). lapa, 10; Toxpam, 3; source Rio Atojal, 3; Fortin, EL SALVADOR: San Salvador, 5 (CDA, Canyon Rio Metlac, 1; Fortin, 2; San Andres Tux- USNM); Planos de los Renderos, 1 (USNM); La tla, 1; 9 mi N Huatusco, 1; Coatepec, 4; Misantla, Libertad, 1 (OB). 2; Cordoba, 2. Veracruz or Oaxaca: "Sierra de GUATEMALA: Las Mercedes, 1 (BM); Moca, Durango," 2. ?State: Santa Tecla, 1; La Palma, 5. Suchitepequez, 1 (AMNH); San Juan, 4; San Je- MEXICO, GUATEMALA: 80 (various locali- ronimo, 2; San Isidro, 1; Yepocapa, Chimalten- ties, BM). ango, 1 (USNM); Zapote, 2 (BM, USNM). NICARAGUA: Chontales: 5. HONDURAS: Distrito Central: 26 mi NW Te- PANAMA: 2. Chiriqui: Cerro Punta, 8; Santa gucigalpa, 1 (OB). Olancho: NE Catacamas, 1 Clara, Finca Hartman's, 4; Bambito, 1; Las La- (OB). gunas, 1; Volcan, 1. MEXICO: 13 (BM, MN, ZM). Chiapas: Ta- pachula, 6 (BM, OB, USNM); Tuxtla Gutierrez, 1 (AMNH); Finca Cuauhtemoc, 1 (USNM). Col- Rhodobaenus sexguttatus Champion ima: Volcan, 4 (USNM); Volcan, Esperanza, 5 No additional records: (for range, see in the (USNM). Durango: Ventanas, 1 (USNM); Ca- text). nelas, 2 (ZM). Guerrero: Chilpancingo, 1 (BM). Hidalgo: Chapulhuacan, 1 (AMNH). Morelos: Rhodobaenus stigmaticus (Fahraeus) Cuernavaca, 6 (BM, OB, USNM). Oaxaca: Ju- chatengo, 1 (USNM); 21 mi S Matias Ro- Additional records: (for range, see in the text). mero, 1 (OB). San Luis Potosi: El Salto, 1 MEXICO: Chiapas: Palenque, 1 (OB). Vera- (AMNH); El Platanito, 1 (USNM); Huichihuyan, cruz: 18 mi N San Andres, 9 (USNM). near Tamazunchale, 2 (AMNH); Tamazunchale, 1 (CDA). Tabasco: Teapa, 3 (BM). Veracruz: San Rhodobaenus subcristatus Champion Andres Tuxtla, 1 (BM); Toxpam, 3 (BM); Playa Vicente, 1 (BM); Cordoba, 3 (BM, USNM); Atoy- COSTA RICA: 1 (MN); San Carlos, 4 (includ- ac, 1 (BM); Lake Catemaco, 8 (AMNH, OB, ing lectotype, BM; MN, USNM); Paca- USNM); Vega del Sol, 1 (USNM); Tejeria, 1 yas, 1 (AMNH); Pozo Azul, 1 (BM); Turrialba, (OB); Minatitlan, 1 (OB); Santiago Tuxtla, 1 (OB); 14 (USNM). Alvarado, 1 (OB). NICARAGUA: Chontales: 1 (BM). NICARAGUA: Managua: Los Brasiles, 1 (OB); Chontales: 1 (BM). Rhodobaenus subcylindricus (Champion) PANAMA: Canal Zone: Paraiso, 3 (HH, USNM); Limon Plantation, Chagres River, 1 EL SALVADOR: El Rosario, Cuscatlan, 1 (USNM); Gatun, 3 (HH, OB); Madden Forest, 3 (USNM). (HH, OB); Gamboa, 3 (OB); Empire, 1 (OB); Fort 194 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
Kobbe, 3 (OB); Las Cumbres, 1 (OB); Tank Hill, Alexander County; Glancarlyn (USNM); Rad- near Albrook Field, 5 (OB). Panama: 1 (USNM). ford, 6; Warren County, 1. Washington, D.C.: Rock Creek (USNM). Washington: Wawawa Rhodobaenus tredecimpunctatus (Illiger) (USNM). Wisconsin: Beaver Dam, 4; Kenosha CANADA: Ontario: Ojibway, 4. County, 1. Wyoming: Green River (USNM). MEXICO: Chihuahua: Delicias, 1. UNITED STATES: 46 (various localities, Rhodobaenus valens Champion MN); 60 (various localities, USNM).4 Arizona: MEXICO: 5 (MN). Morelos: Cuernavaca, 10 11; Prescott, 1; Tucson, 11; Williams; Doug- (including lectotype, BM; MN, USNM); Cuer- las (USNM). California: Anaheim, 1; Santa navaca, Anton Falls, 1 (USNM). Clara County, 16; Stanislaus County, 11; ?Forr- ence, 2; Fresno County, 3; Inyo County, 2; Riv- Rhodobaenus varieguttatus Chevrolat erside; Los Angeles; Coquillet; Stanton; Garden Grove; Pasadena (all USNM). Colorado: Lamar COSTA RICA: San Jose: 1 (MN); La Caja, (USNM); La Junta, 1; Regnier, 3. Connecticut: near San Jose, 1 (USNM). Stanford, 1; New Canaan, 5; Norwalk, 1; Bridge- GUATEMALA: 7 (MN, ZM); Las Mercedes, port (USNM). Delaware: Wilmington (USNM). 1 (BM); San Isidro, 2 (BM); Duenias, 2 (BM); Florida: 2; Enterprise (USNM); Sanford, 1. Antigua, 2 (AMNH); Zapote, 2 (BM, USNM); Georgia: Hall County, 1; Lumpkin County, 1. Coban, 1 (AMNH); Capetillo, 1 (AMNH); Ye- Idaho: Boise; Pocatello (USNM). Illinois: Gal- pocapa, 3 (USNM); Coatepeque, 2 (HH). ena, 8; Glenview, 1; Galena; Pulaski (USNM). MEXICO: 14 (including type, NR; BM, MN, Iowa: Council Bluffs; Iowa City; Sioux City ZM). Chiapas: Tapachula, 1 (BM). Colima: Vol- (USNM). Kansas: Phillips County, 1; Meade can, 15 (USNM); Tecuizitlan, 6 (USNM); 10 mi County, 1; Manhattan, 2; Douglas, 2; Popenoe; S Tonila, 32 (AMNH). Guerrero: Chilapa, 1 Wellington (USNM). Louisiana: 1. Maryland: 1; (HO); Taxco, 1 (ZM). Jalisco: Talpa de Allende, Montgomery County; Plummers Island; Plum 2 (OB); Colmilla, Barranca de Oblates, 1 Point; Blandesborg (USNM). Minnesota: Fron- (AMNH). Mexico: Ixtapan de la Sal, 1 (OB). tenac, Goodhue County, 1. Missouri: St. Louis Michoacan: Uruapan, 1 (USNM). Morelos: (USNM); Boone County, 3; Lawrence County, 1; Cuernavaca, 4 (CDA, OB, USNM); Hujintlan, 1 Taney County, 1. Nebraska: Lincoln (USNM); (USNM). Nayarit: Tepic, 4 (AMNH, USNM); El Bellevue, Sarpy County, 2. New Jersey: 2; Al- Pichon, 1 (USNM). Oaxaca: Panistlahuaca, 1 pine, 16; Bergen County, 3; Berkeley Heights, 1; (DM). Veracruz: 1 (MN); San Andres Tuxtla, 1 Camden, 2; Hacketstown, 1; Mt. Holly, 1; Pat- (BM); Almolonga, 1 (ZM); Cordoba, 1 (OB); Ja- terson, 1; Ramsey, 3; Rutherford, 1; Summit, 3; lapa, 1 (ZM); Toxpam, 1 (BM); Orizaba, 2 Snake Hill, 12, Trenton, 1; Hillsdale; Boonton; (USNM). Chester; Clifton; Glassboro (USNM). New Mex- ico: 6; Albuquerque; Maxwell (USNM). New Rhodobaenus v-nigrum Champion York: 4; Cedarhurst, 1; Chappaqua, 4; New Ro- Additional records: (for range, see under the chelle, 1; Valley Stream, 3; Yonkers, 2; Inwood species in the text). Park, 19; Pelham Bay Park, 42; Root Garden *COSTA RICA: Las Mercedes, Santa Clara, 2 (USNM). North Carolina: Highland; Raleigh; (USNM). Cartago-Limon border: north of Tur- Myrtle Beach (USNM). Ohio: Pickerington, 1; rialba, 1 (HO). Limon: Hamburg Farm, Reven- Springfield, 1. Oklahoma: Orienta, 1; Anadarko; tazon, 1 (USNM); Guapiles, 1 (USNM). Lawton (USNM). Oregon: Echo; Ontario (USNM). Pennsylvania: Mt. Moriah; Roxbor- Rhodobaenus ypsilon Chevrolat ough; Wyoming (USNM); Allegheny County, 5; Lansdowne, 2; Delaware Water Gap, 3. Tennes- COSTA RICA: 8 (BM, MN); 40 km NE Tur- see: R. Perry County, 1. Texas: 11; Nursery; rialba, 1 (HO); San Pedro, San Jose, 1 (HH); Tur- Robstown (USNM); Austin, 1; Bexar County, 1; rialba, 10 (OB, MN, USNM, ZM); Tucurrique, 1 Briscoe County, 6; Hall County, 2; Okla- (USNM); Pacayas, 1 (AMNH); San Jose, 3 union, 1; Richmond, 1. Utah: Bountiful; Garland; (USNM); Surubres, 1 (DM). Moab; Nephi; Salt Lake City (USNM). Virginia: EL SALVADOR: San Salvador, 3 (CDA, USNM); El Rosario, Cuscatlan, 2 (USNM). 4 The localities from USNM are noted, but without the number of specimens. * New country record. 1981 VAURIE: RHODOBAENUS 195
GUATEMALA: Cerro Zunil, 3 (BM); Coban, 2 (BM). San Luis Potosi: El Platanito, 1 (USNM). 2 (AMNH); San Jeronimo, 6 (BM, USNM); San Veracruz: Fortin de las Flores, 4 (OB, USNM); Juan, Verapaz, 2 (BM); Zapote, 2 (BM); Yepo- Presidio, 1 (USNM); Jalapa, 2 (USNM, ZM); Ori- capa, Chimaltenango, 2 (USNM). zaba, 1 (USNM); Toxpam, 2 (BM); San Andres HONDURAS: Comayagua: 14 mi NW Sig- Tuxtla, 5 (BM, USNM); Cordoba, 4 (AMNH, uatepeque, 4 (OB); S end Lago Yojoa, 2 (OB). USNM). Tabasco: Teapa, 1 (AMNH). Cortes: 19 km N Cofradia, 1 (OB); El Jaral, Finca NICARAGUA: Chontales: 1 (BM). Carazo: Fe, 1 (OB). Santa Barbara: 13 km SE El Mochito, Diriamba, 1 (OB). 1 (OB). PANAMA: Canal Zone: Cerro Campana, 1 MEXICO: 13 (including type, NR; BM, MN, (OB). Chiriqui: Rovira, 1 (OB); Tole, 1 (BM); ZM). Chiapas: Pueblo Nuevo, Rio Bajada, 1 Volcan, 7 (BM, USNM); Santa Clara, Hart- (OB); Tapachula, 1 (BM). Colima: W Autlan, I mann's Finca, 1 (HO). Cocle: El Valle, 1 (OB). Morelos: Cuernavaca, 1 (USNM). Oaxaca: (USNM). Temascal, 1 (USNM); Oaxaca, 1 (BM); Juquila,
LITERATURE CITED
Blackwelder, R. E. Fahraeus, 0. I. 1947. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of 1845. [New species.] In Schoenherr, C. J., Mexico, Central America, the West In- Genera et species curculionidum. Paris, dies, and South America. Part 5. Cur- vol. 8, pt. 2, pp. 1-504. culionidae. Bull U.S. Natl. Mus., no. Gyllenhal, L. 185, pp. 791-921. 1838. [New species.] In Schoenherr, C. J., Blatchley, W. S., and C. W. Leng Genera et species curculionidum. Paris, 1916. Rhynchophora or weevils of north east- vol. 4, pt. 2, pp. 601-1121. ern America. Indianapolis, pp. 3-682, Illiger, J. C. W. figs. 1-155. "1791-1794" [1794]. Beschreibung einiger Champion, G. C. "1909-1910" [1910]. Group Sphenophorina. In neuen Kiiferarten aus der Sammlung Godman, F. D. and 0. Salvin, Biologia ... in Braunschweig. Neu. Mag. Ent. Centrali-Americana. London, Coleop- (D. Schneider, ed.), vol. 1, heft 5, pp. tera, vol. 4, pt. 7, pp. 82-170, pls. 5-7. 593-620. Chemsak, J. A. Kirsch, T. F. 1963. Taxonomy and bionomics of the genus 1869. Beitriige zur Kaiferfauna von Bogota. Tetraopes (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera). Berliner Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 13, pp. Univ. California Publ. Ent., vol. 30, no. 187-224. 1, pp. 1-40, figs. 1-17, pls. 1-9. Kuschel, G. Chevrolat, A. 1955. Nuevas sinonimias y anotaciones sobre 1882. Calandrides. Nouveaux genres et nou- Curculionoidea (1). Rev. Chilena Ent., velles especes, observations, synony- vol. 4, pp. 261-312. mies ... Ire partie. Ann. Soc. Ent. LeConte, J. L. France, ser. 6, vol. 2, pp. 555-582. 1876. The Rhynchophora of America north of 1885. Calandrides. Nouveaux genres et nou- Mexico. In LeConte, J. L., and G. H. velles especes, observations synony- Horn, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. 15, miques . . . 3e partie. Ibid., ser. 6, vol. pp. 1-455. 5, pp. 275-292. Linnaeus, C. Csiki, E. 1764. Museum S. R. M. Ludovicae Ulricae 1936. Curculionidae: Rhynchophorinae. Cos- Reginae. Stockholm, pp. 3-722. soninae. In Junk, W., Coleopterorum Mohr, C. catalogus. Berlin, vol. 30, pt. 149, pp. 1931. Correlation of host plant and color pat- 3-212. tern of Rhodobaenus tredecimpuncta- Fabricius, J. C. tus (Ill.). (Coleoptera, Rhyncophori- 1798. Supplementum entomologiae systema- dae). Trans. Illinois Acad. Sci., vol. 24, ticae. Hafniae, 572 pp. pp. 226-227, fig. 1. 196 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171
Panzer, G. W. F. 1980. Revision of Rhodobaenus. Part 1. 1798. In Voet's Beschreibungen und Abbil- Species in South America (Coleoptera, dungen hartschaalichter Insecten. Curculionidae, Rhynchophorinae). Bull. Niirnberg, pt. 4, pp. 1-121, pls. 1-48. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 167, pp. 1- Riley, C. V. 44, figs. 1-44. 1871. Third annual report on the noxious, Voet, J. E. beneficial and other insects of the state 1806. Catalogus systematicus coleopterorum. of Missouri .... Jefferson City, Mis- La Haye, vol. 2, pp. 1-87, pls. 1-50. souri, 179 pp. Webster, F. M. Say, T. 1903. Some insect notes of the year. Bull. 40, 1824. American entomology or descriptions of Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., pp. 93-96. the insects of North America. Philadel- Weiss, H. B., and R. B. Lott phia, Pa., pls. 1-54. 1923. Notes on Rhodobaenus 13-punctatus Sturm, J. (Ill.), the Cockle-Bur Bill-Bug (Col.). 1826. Catalog meinen Insecten-Sammlung. Ent. News, vol. 34, pp. 103-106. Niirnberg, pt. 1, pp. 3-207, pls. 1-4. Zimsen, E. Vaurie, P. 1964. The type material of J. C. Fabricius. 1967. The nawradii species group of Rhodo- Copenhagen, pp. 7-656. baenus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Rhynchophorinae). Amer. Mus. Novi- tates, no. 2310, pp. 1-36, figs. 1-31. INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES adspersus Gyllenhal, 154 lineatocollis Gyllenhal, 159 albopunctatus Champion, 140 lineiger Chevrolat, 151 alboscutellatus Chevrolat, 135 andreae Chevrolat, 157 maculifer Fahraeus, 155 arcuatus Champion, 157 maculipes Champion, 168 aterrimus Champion, 180 mas Vaurie, new species, 144 auctus Chevrolat, 175 melanocardius Linnaeus, 184 auriculatus Chevrolat, 183 melas Vaurie, new species, 161 metropolitanus Chevrolat, 170 bellus Vaurie, new species, 159 miniatus Chevrolat, 124 bicinctus Champion, 166 mundus Champion, 181 bipunctatus Chevrolat, 124 nawradii Kirsch, 183 bisignatus Champion, 162 nebulosus Champion, 155 biundulatus Champion, 156 niger Champion, 170 brevirostris Champion, 153 nigricornis Chevrolat, 124 buchanani Vaurie, new species, 143 nigripennis Champion, 179 nigrofasciatus Champion, 168 cariniventris Champion, 165 nigrolineatus Chevrolat, 146 centromaculatus Chevrolat, 155 nigropictus Champion, 150 cinctus Gyllenhal, 168 nigrosignatus Champion, 152 cinereiventris Champion, 147 confusus Chevrolat, 147 obliquus Chevrolat, 168 corniculatus Chevrolat, 175 octocostatus Champion, 182 crassipes Champion, 125 olivaceus Champion, 167 cribrarius Fabricius, 171 crucicollis Chevrolat, 124 pantherinus Champion, 165 cuneatus Champion, 183 pinguis Champion, 184 cylindricollis Champion, 152 plicatus Champion, 184 pulchellus Gyllenhal, 170 deltoides Chevrolat, 164 punctatus Gyllenhal, 134 dentifer Champion, 148 puncticollis Chevrolat, 135 dentirostris Champion, 182 pustulosus Gyllenhal, 134 duodecimmaculatus Chevrolat, 170 quadripunctatus Chevrolat, 184 elegans Chevrolat, 175 quatuordecimpunctatus Chevrolat, 171 femoralis Chevrolat, 125 quinquemaculatus Chevrolat, 124 fortirostris Champion, 184 quinquepunctatus Say, 172 funerarius Chevrolat, 168 quintus Vaurie, new species, 144 rhinopilus Vaurie, 150 graphicus Champion, 175 rubellus Gyllenhal, 168 guttatus Fahraeus, 140 rubicundus Champion, 182 haematidus Chevrolat, 160 rubrovittatus Champion, 180 saginatus Champion, 184 immaculatus Champion, 125 sanguineus Gyllenhal, 159 implicatus Chevrolat, 124 saucius Gyllenhal, 124 implicatus Gyllenhal, 125 sexguttatus Champion, 184 impressus Chevrolat, 154 stigmaticus Fahraeus, 184 incertus Champion, 148 subcristatus Champion, 167 inopinatus Vaurie, new species, 151 subcylindricus Champion, 149 interruptus Champion, 184 suturalis Gyllenhal, 149 latens Vaurie, new species, 145 suturellus Chevrolat, 146 lebasii Gyllenhal, 176 tenuiscapus Champion, 132 leptocerus Panzer, 171 tessellatus Champion, 125 leucographus Fahraeus, 158 thoracicus Gyllenhal, 178 197 198 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 171 tredecimpunctatus Illiger, 171 varieguttatus Chevrolat, 133 triangularis Champion, 172 veraepacis Champion, 153 vittatipennis Champion, 125 unidentatus Champion, 140 v-nigrum Champion, 184 valens Champion, 138 163 variabilis Gyllenhal, 125 ypsilon Chevrolat,
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