DOCSLIB.ORG

The Weevil Rostrum (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea): Internal Structure and Evolutionary Trends

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Weevil Rostrum (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea): Internal Structure and Evolutionary Trends THE WEEVIL ROSTRUM (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONOIDEA): INTERNAL STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS STEVEN R. DAVIS Division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Number 416, 76 pp., 50 figures, 2 tables Issued October 10, 2017 Copyright © American Museum of Natural History 2017 ISSN 0003-0090 CONTENTS Abstract.............................................................................3 Introduction.........................................................................3 Methods ............................................................................3 Taxon Sampling ...................................................................3 Histological Sectioning ............................................................4 Electron Microscopy ..............................................................4 Confocal Microscopy ..............................................................4 Microcomputed Tomography (μCT) .................................................4 Phylogenetic Analysis . .4 Anatomical Terminology ...........................................................7 Results..............................................................................7 General and Internal Anatomy of the Adult Weevil Rostrum ...........................7 Character List ...................................................................20 Phylogeny Utilizing Rostral Characters .............................................26 Phylogenetic Analysis of Rostrum Anatomy..........................................26 Outgroups ....................................................................26 Curculionoidea ................................................................26 Discussion .........................................................................72 Rostrum Structure and Evolution ...................................................72 Phylogenetic Relationships.........................................................73 Acknowledgments...................................................................74 References..........................................................................74 2 ABSTRACT The current classification of weevils has witnessed vast improvements at higher phylogenetic levels, though much remains unstable at the lower levels. In order to develop a more robust mor- phological character system for cladistic analysis of the higher lineages and to gain a comprehensive understanding of the structure of a hallmark feature of weevils, a comparative study was conducted of rostra throughout Curculionoidea. Semithin sections were made of the rostra of 36 exemplar genera representing all seven currently recognized weevil families, as well as 19 of 21 subfamilies within the largest family, Curculionidae, and internal structures were examined for phylogenetically informative characters. While the morphological diversity of rostral forms is impressive, general trends are apparent with respect to life-history traits and modes of feeding. Exploration of internal rostral morphology has yielded valuable but previously unexplored characters that greatly comple- ment the external characters of this structure. Together, these features provide new insight for set- tling current incongruence at the higher levels of classification. Key Words: morphology, histology, phylogeny, adult structure INTRODUCTION of internal rostral morphology provide a valuable complementary set of previously unexplored Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) are one characters. Although this study includes rela- of the most diverse family-level groups of extant tively few taxa, it covers a fair range of rostral organisms, with approximately 60,000 described forms and taxonomic divisions, highlighting the species (Anderson, 1995). They are extremely major features apparent in weevil rostrum evolu- important agriculturally and economically, tion and diversification. It will serve as a basis for because they are associated with all major groups continued exploration of rostrum structure of plants and plant parts. The current classifica- throughout weevil subfamilies to determine the tion of weevils, including numerous hypotheses breadth of rostral architecture deviating from the on relationships, is relatively stable at the familial generalized forms determined here. Lastly, this level but remains unstable at the middle to lower work addresses current incongruence at the levels (e.g., subfamilial, tribal; Alonso-Zarazaga higher levels of classification. and Lyal, 1999; Oberprieler et al., 2014; Oberpri- eler, 2014a). The exploration of informative anat- omy has not reached an asymptote for weevils, so METHODS this study was undertaken to deepen our knowl- Taxon Sampling edge of their morphology (see also Davis, 2014, for additional character systems). In order to Semithin sections were produced for all seven develop a more robust morphological character of the currently recognized, extant families system for cladistic analysis of the higher lin- within Curculionoidea, and 19 of 21 subfamilies eages and to gain a comprehensive understand- within Curculionidae (table 2). To adhere to a ing of rostrum structure (for current conservative assessment of current and evolving developmental work), a comparative study was views in the classification, the sampling design conducted of rostrum structure throughout Cur- followed that by Oberprieler et al. (2007, 2014) culionoidea. Semithin sections were made of the for families and and a combination of designs by rostra of exemplar taxa (table 2) representing all Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal (1999) and Oberpri- seven weevil families, as well as 19 of 21 sub- eler (2014a) for subfamilies (particularly within families within Curculionidae (see methods sec- Curculionidae). To elucidate the variability of tion below), and internal structures were internal rostral morphology, sampling of more examined for useful characters. Although the than one taxon was undertaken when possible, morphological diversity of rostral forms is vast, i.e., within the families Anthribidae, Belidae, general trends in structure are apparent. Features Attelabidae, and Brentidae. Within Curculioni- 3 4 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 416 dae, sampling of more than one taxon was per- were mounted on SEM stubs using Leit-C-Plast formed for a few subfamilies, including adhesive and an isopropanol-based colloidal Brachycerinae, Dryophthorinae, Entiminae, graphite, and were then coated with gold. Cryptorhynchinae, Scolytinae, Curculioninae, and Molytinae. Of course, it would be of great Confocal Microscopy interest to extend this study to include a more diverse sampling, but the range covered herein is Confocal microscopy was performed on dis- considered adequate to make many well-sup- sected mouthpart components using a Zeiss LSM ported conclusions and hypotheses. 710 and collecting green and red spectra from autofluorescence of the cuticle. Histological Sectioning Microcomputed Tomography (μCT) Many adult taxa were acquired through per- sonal field collecting; several were also sampled Select weevil scans were done from ethanol- from dried and pinned collections. In the former preserved specimens that were subsequently case specimens were collected into 70% ethanol chemically dried using HMDS (hexamethyldisi- and later fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde before lazane) and scanned using a GE Phoenix v-tome- full dehydration in ethanol. In the latter case x μCT; scanning parameters were as follows: specimens were rehydrated by soaking them in voltage 70 kV, current 160 μA, number of images warm water for ~1 hour and then dehydrated in 1200, image acquisition time 333 ms, image aver- ethanol. Although sectioning previously dried ages 5, molybdenum target used. Reconstruction specimens is far from optimal for obtaining his- was done in GE Phoenix datosx 2 reconstruction tological information, sclerotized structures are software. Four separate scans were manually adequately preserved and were sufficient for this stitched in ImageJ, and segmentation done in study. After weevil heads were dehydrated in Volume Graphics Studio MAX v3.0. A rendered 100% ethanol, infiltration of head tissue con- μCT scan movie of the adult head of Rhynchites sisted of approximately 12 hour incubation peri- auratus (same as figures 1–7), showing internal ods through a series of 1:1 then 1:2 ethanol to LR anatomy, is available with this article online White® (an acrylic resin) mixtures. Heads were (https://doi.org/10.5531/sd.sp.27). placed in gelatin capsules and embedded in pure LR White®. Following thermal curing in an oven Phylogenetic Analysis for 24 hours at 60° C, embedded heads were removed from the capsules and sectioned using The morphological character matrix (table 1), a Leica EM UC6 ultratome and diamond knife, consisting of 19 adult rostral characters coded for producing semithin sections ~5–6 μm thick. Sec- 36 taxa, was constructed in WinClada (Nixon, tions were transferred to glass slides, stained in 1999b). Parsimony analyses were performed using toluidine blue, air dried, mounted in Permount™, Nona (Goloboff, 1999), in which the ratchet search and digitally photographed with a Canon EOS-1 algorithm (Nixon, 1999a) was implemented several camera mounted on an Olympus BX51 com- times under different search configurations to max- pound microscope. A z-stack was acquired of imize exploration of tree space and ensure conver- several photomicrographs using the software gence on a stable topology. Successive
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Green-Tree Retention and Controlled Burning in Restoration and Conservation of Beetle Diversity in Boreal Forests
    Dissertationes Forestales 21 Green-tree retention and controlled burning in restoration and conservation of beetle diversity in boreal forests Esko Hyvärinen Faculty of Forestry University of Joensuu Academic dissertation To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Forestry of the University of Joensuu, for public criticism in auditorium C2 of the University of Joensuu, Yliopistonkatu 4, Joensuu, on 9th June 2006, at 12 o’clock noon. 2 Title: Green-tree retention and controlled burning in restoration and conservation of beetle diversity in boreal forests Author: Esko Hyvärinen Dissertationes Forestales 21 Supervisors: Prof. Jari Kouki, Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, Finland Docent Petri Martikainen, Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, Finland Pre-examiners: Docent Jyrki Muona, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoological Museum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Docent Tomas Roslin, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Division of Population Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Opponent: Prof. Bengt Gunnar Jonsson, Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden ISSN 1795-7389 ISBN-13: 978-951-651-130-9 (PDF) ISBN-10: 951-651-130-9 (PDF) Paper copy printed: Joensuun yliopistopaino, 2006 Publishers: The Finnish Society of Forest Science Finnish Forest Research Institute Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of the University of Helsinki Faculty of Forestry of the University of Joensuu Editorial Office: The Finnish Society of Forest Science Unioninkatu 40A, 00170 Helsinki, Finland http://www.metla.fi/dissertationes 3 Hyvärinen, Esko 2006. Green-tree retention and controlled burning in restoration and conservation of beetle diversity in boreal forests. University of Joensuu, Faculty of Forestry. ABSTRACT The main aim of this thesis was to demonstrate the effects of green-tree retention and controlled burning on beetles (Coleoptera) in order to provide information applicable to the restoration and conservation of beetle species diversity in boreal forests.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Beetles
    Ireland Red List No. 1 Water beetles Ireland Red List No. 1: Water beetles G.N. Foster1, B.H. Nelson2 & Á. O Connor3 1 3 Eglinton Terrace, Ayr KA7 1JJ 2 Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Northern Ireland 3 National Parks & Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage & Local Government Citation: Foster, G. N., Nelson, B. H. & O Connor, Á. (2009) Ireland Red List No. 1 – Water beetles. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland. Cover images from top: Dryops similaris (© Roy Anderson); Gyrinus urinator, Hygrotus decoratus, Berosus signaticollis & Platambus maculatus (all © Jonty Denton) Ireland Red List Series Editors: N. Kingston & F. Marnell © National Parks and Wildlife Service 2009 ISSN 2009‐2016 Red list of Irish Water beetles 2009 ____________________________ CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................................... 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................................................................... 2 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................ 3 NOMENCLATURE AND THE IRISH CHECKLIST................................................................................................ 3 COVERAGE .......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Adult Postabdomen, Immature Stages and Biology of Euryommatus Mariae Roger, 1856 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae), a Legendary Weevil in Europe
    insects Article Adult Postabdomen, Immature Stages and Biology of Euryommatus mariae Roger, 1856 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae), a Legendary Weevil in Europe Rafał Gosik 1,*, Marek Wanat 2 and Marek Bidas 3 1 Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie–Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland 2 Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland; [email protected] 3 ul. Prosta 290 D/2, 25-385 Kielce, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: Euryommatus mariae is a legendary weevil species in Europe, first described in the 19th century and not collected through the 20th century. Though rediscovered in the 21st century at few localities in Poland, Austria, and Germany, it remains one of the rarest of European weevils, and its biology is unknown. We present the first descriptions of the larva and pupa of E. mariae, and confirm its saproxylic lifestyle. The differences and similarities between immatures of E. mariae and the genera Coryssomerus, Cylindrocopturus and Eulechriopus are discussed, and a list of larval characters common to all Conoderitae is given. The characters of adult postabdomen are described and illustrated for the first time for diagnostic purposes. Our study confirmed the unusual structure of the male endophallus, equipped with an extremely long ejaculatory duct enclosed in a peculiar fibrous conduit, not seen in other weevils. We hypothesize that the extraordinarily long Citation: Gosik, R.; Wanat, M.; Bidas, and spiral spermathecal duct is the female’s evolutionary response to the male’s extremely long M.
    [Show full text]
  • Jordan Beans RA RMO Dir
    Importation of Fresh Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Shelled or in Pods, from Jordan into the Continental United States A Qualitative, Pathway-Initiated Risk Assessment February 14, 2011 Version 2 Agency Contact: Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Pest Risk Assessment for Beans from Jordan Executive Summary In this risk assessment we examined the risks associated with the importation of fresh beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), in pods (French, green, snap, and string beans) or shelled, from the Kingdom of Jordan into the continental United States. We developed a list of pests associated with beans (in any country) that occur in Jordan on any host based on scientific literature, previous commodity risk assessments, records of intercepted pests at ports-of-entry, and information from experts on bean production. This is a qualitative risk assessment, as we express estimates of risk in descriptive terms (High, Medium, and Low) rather than numerically in probabilities or frequencies. We identified seven quarantine pests likely to follow the pathway of introduction. We estimated Consequences of Introduction by assessing five elements that reflect the biology and ecology of the pests: climate-host interaction, host range, dispersal potential, economic impact, and environmental impact. We estimated Likelihood of Introduction values by considering both the quantity of the commodity imported annually and the potential for pest introduction and establishment. We summed the Consequences of Introduction and Likelihood of Introduction values to estimate overall Pest Risk Potentials, which describe risk in the absence of mitigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera) (Excluding Anthribidae
    A FAUNAL SURVEY AND ZOOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE CURCULIONOIDEA (COLEOPTERA) (EXCLUDING ANTHRIBIDAE, PLATPODINAE. AND SCOLYTINAE) OF THE LOWER RIO GRANDE VALLEY OF TEXAS A Thesis TAMI ANNE CARLOW Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 1997 Major Subject; Entomology A FAUNAL SURVEY AND ZOOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE CURCVLIONOIDEA (COLEOPTERA) (EXCLUDING ANTHRIBIDAE, PLATYPODINAE. AND SCOLYTINAE) OF THE LOWER RIO GRANDE VALLEY OF TEXAS A Thesis by TAMI ANNE CARLOW Submitted to Texas AgcM University in partial fulltllment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved as to style and content by: Horace R. Burke (Chair of Committee) James B. Woolley ay, Frisbie (Member) (Head of Department) Gilbert L. Schroeter (Member) August 1997 Major Subject: Entomology A Faunal Survey and Zoogeographic Analysis of the Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) (Excluding Anthribidae, Platypodinae, and Scolytinae) of the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. (August 1997) Tami Anne Carlow. B.S. , Cornell University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Horace R. Burke An annotated list of the Curculionoidea (Coleoptem) (excluding Anthribidae, Platypodinae, and Scolytinae) is presented for the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of Texas. The list includes species that occur in Cameron, Hidalgo, Starr, and Wigacy counties. Each of the 23S species in 97 genera is tteated according to its geographical range. Lower Rio Grande distribution, seasonal activity, plant associations, and biology. The taxonomic atTangement follows O' Brien &, Wibmer (I og2). A table of the species occuning in patxicular areas of the Lower Rio Grande Valley, such as the Boca Chica Beach area, the Sabal Palm Grove Sanctuary, Bentsen-Rio Grande State Park, and the Falcon Dam area is included.
    [Show full text]
  • Zootaxa, Coleoptera, Attelabidae, Apoderinae, Hoplapoderini
    Zootaxa 1089: 37–47 (2005) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 1089 Copyright © 2005 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) A new genus and species of Hoplapoderini from Madagascar (Coleoptera: Attelabidae: Apoderinae) SILVANO BIONDI Via E. di Velo 137, I-36100 Vicenza - Italy. email: [email protected] Abstract Madapoderus pacificus, a new genus and species of hoplapoderine attelabid beetles, is described from Madagascar. A key to the genera of Hoplapoderini and field observations on the host plant and reproductive behaviour of the new species are provided. Key words: Attelabidae, Apoderinae, Hoplapoderini, Madagascar, new genus, new species, Grewia Introduction In May 2002, among specimens of Attelabidae collected in Madagascar by David Hauck some months earlier, I received two males belonging to the apoderine tribe Hoplapoderini that could not be assigned to any known genus. A study of the rich collection of Madagascan attelabids at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, a few months later confirmed this diagnosis. During a month-long collecting expedition in Madagascar in December 2003 and January 2004, I collected the new taxon again, at a different locality, and could carry out some observations on its behaviour. Systematics Tribe Hoplapoderini Voss, 1926 Voss (1926) defined his tribe Hoplapoderini largely on the basis of features of the head and elytra. The new Madagascan genus fits into this tribe due to its tapered head, with maximum width near the basis, and its tuberculate elytra. Voss also provided a key to the Accepted by Q. Wang: 7 Oct. 2005; published: 2 Dec. 2005 37 ZOOTAXA genera of the tribe, but this is largely inadequate because of its heavy reliance on the 1089 presence and shape of what he called “abdominal lobes” (“Abdominallappen”).
    [Show full text]
  • The Beetle Fauna of Dominica, Lesser Antilles (Insecta: Coleoptera): Diversity and Distribution
    INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 20, No. 3-4, September-December, 2006 165 The beetle fauna of Dominica, Lesser Antilles (Insecta: Coleoptera): Diversity and distribution Stewart B. Peck Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada stewart_peck@carleton. ca Abstract. The beetle fauna of the island of Dominica is summarized. It is presently known to contain 269 genera, and 361 species (in 42 families), of which 347 are named at a species level. Of these, 62 species are endemic to the island. The other naturally occurring species number 262, and another 23 species are of such wide distribution that they have probably been accidentally introduced and distributed, at least in part, by human activities. Undoubtedly, the actual numbers of species on Dominica are many times higher than now reported. This highlights the poor level of knowledge of the beetles of Dominica and the Lesser Antilles in general. Of the species known to occur elsewhere, the largest numbers are shared with neighboring Guadeloupe (201), and then with South America (126), Puerto Rico (113), Cuba (107), and Mexico-Central America (108). The Antillean island chain probably represents the main avenue of natural overwater dispersal via intermediate stepping-stone islands. The distributional patterns of the species shared with Dominica and elsewhere in the Caribbean suggest stages in a dynamic taxon cycle of species origin, range expansion, distribution contraction, and re-speciation. Introduction windward (eastern) side (with an average of 250 mm of rain annually). Rainfall is heavy and varies season- The islands of the West Indies are increasingly ally, with the dry season from mid-January to mid- recognized as a hotspot for species biodiversity June and the rainy season from mid-June to mid- (Myers et al.
    [Show full text]
  • UFRJ a Paleoentomofauna Brasileira
    Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ www.anuario.igeo.ufrj.br A Paleoentomofauna Brasileira: Cenário Atual The Brazilian Fossil Insects: Current Scenario Dionizio Angelo de Moura-Júnior; Sandro Marcelo Scheler & Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências: Patrimônio Geopaleontológico, Museu Nacional, Quinta da Boa Vista s/nº, São Cristóvão, 20940-040. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Recebido em: 24/01/2018 Aprovado em: 08/03/2018 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2018_1_142_166 Resumo O presente trabalho fornece um panorama geral sobre o conhecimento da paleoentomologia brasileira até o presente, abordando insetos do Paleozoico, Mesozoico e Cenozoico, incluindo a atualização das espécies publicadas até o momento após a última grande revisão bibliográica, mencionando ainda as unidades geológicas em que ocorrem e os trabalhos relacionados. Palavras-chave: Paleoentomologia; insetos fósseis; Brasil Abstract This paper provides an overview of the Brazilian palaeoentomology, about insects Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, including the review of the published species at the present. It was analiyzed the geological units of occurrence and the related literature. Keywords: Palaeoentomology; fossil insects; Brazil Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ 142 ISSN 0101-9759 e-ISSN 1982-3908 - Vol. 41 - 1 / 2018 p. 142-166 A Paleoentomofauna Brasileira: Cenário Atual Dionizio Angelo de Moura-Júnior; Sandro Marcelo Schefler & Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes 1 Introdução Devoniano Superior (Engel & Grimaldi, 2004). Os insetos são um dos primeiros organismos Algumas ordens como Blattodea, Hemiptera, Odonata, Ephemeroptera e Psocopera surgiram a colonizar os ambientes terrestres e aquáticos no Carbonífero com ocorrências até o recente, continentais (Engel & Grimaldi, 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • The Curculionoidea of the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean) (Coleoptera)
    BULLETIN OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF MALTA (2010) Vol. 3 : 55-143 The Curculionoidea of the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean) (Coleoptera) David MIFSUD1 & Enzo COLONNELLI2 ABSTRACT. The Curculionoidea of the families Anthribidae, Rhynchitidae, Apionidae, Nanophyidae, Brachyceridae, Curculionidae, Erirhinidae, Raymondionymidae, Dryophthoridae and Scolytidae from the Maltese islands are reviewed. A total of 182 species are included, of which the following 51 species represent new records for this archipelago: Araecerus fasciculatus and Noxius curtirostris in Anthribidae; Protapion interjectum and Taeniapion rufulum in Apionidae; Corimalia centromaculata and C. tamarisci in Nanophyidae; Amaurorhinus bewickianus, A. sp. nr. paganettii, Brachypera fallax, B. lunata, B. zoilus, Ceutorhynchus leprieuri, Charagmus gressorius, Coniatus tamarisci, Coniocleonus pseudobliquus, Conorhynchus brevirostris, Cosmobaris alboseriata, C. scolopacea, Derelomus chamaeropis, Echinodera sp. nr. variegata, Hypera sp. nr. tenuirostris, Hypurus bertrandi, Larinus scolymi, Leptolepurus meridionalis, Limobius mixtus, Lixus brevirostris, L. punctiventris, L. vilis, Naupactus cervinus, Otiorhynchus armatus, O. liguricus, Rhamphus oxyacanthae, Rhinusa antirrhini, R. herbarum, R. moroderi, Sharpia rubida, Sibinia femoralis, Smicronyx albosquamosus, S. brevicornis, S. rufipennis, Stenocarus ruficornis, Styphloderes exsculptus, Trichosirocalus centrimacula, Tychius argentatus, T. bicolor, T. pauperculus and T. pusillus in Curculionidae; Sitophilus zeamais and
    [Show full text]
  • Fossil History of Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) from the Paleogene
    geosciences Review Fossil History of Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) from the Paleogene Andrei A. Legalov 1,2 1 Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Frunze, 11, 630091 Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia; [email protected]; Tel.: +7-9139471413 2 Biological Institute, Tomsk State University, Lenin Ave, 36, 634050 Tomsk, Tomsk Oblast, Russia Received: 23 June 2020; Accepted: 4 September 2020; Published: 6 September 2020 Abstract: Currently, some 564 species of Curculionoidea from nine families (Nemonychidae—4, Anthribidae—33, Ithyceridae—3, Belidae—9, Rhynchitidae—41, Attelabidae—3, Brentidae—47, Curculionidae—384, Platypodidae—2, Scolytidae—37) are known from the Paleogene. Twenty-seven species are found in the Paleocene, 442 in the Eocene and 94 in the Oligocene. The greatest diversity of Curculionoidea is described from the Eocene of Europe and North America. The richest faunas are known from Eocene localities, Florissant (177 species), Baltic amber (124 species) and Green River formation (75 species). The family Curculionidae dominates in all Paleogene localities. Weevil species associated with herbaceous vegetation are present in most localities since the middle Paleocene. A list of Curculionoidea species and their distribution by location is presented. Keywords: Coleoptera; Curculionoidea; fossil weevil; faunal structure; Paleocene; Eocene; Oligocene 1. Introduction Research into the biodiversity of the past is very important for understanding the development of life on our planet. Insects are one of the Main components of both extinct and recent ecosystems. Coleoptera occupied a special place in the terrestrial animal biotas of the Mesozoic and Cenozoics, as they are characterized by not only great diversity but also by their ecological specialization.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution and Genomic Basis of Beetle Diversity
    The evolution and genomic basis of beetle diversity Duane D. McKennaa,b,1,2, Seunggwan Shina,b,2, Dirk Ahrensc, Michael Balked, Cristian Beza-Bezaa,b, Dave J. Clarkea,b, Alexander Donathe, Hermes E. Escalonae,f,g, Frank Friedrichh, Harald Letschi, Shanlin Liuj, David Maddisonk, Christoph Mayere, Bernhard Misofe, Peyton J. Murina, Oliver Niehuisg, Ralph S. Petersc, Lars Podsiadlowskie, l m l,n o f l Hans Pohl , Erin D. Scully , Evgeny V. Yan , Xin Zhou , Adam Slipinski , and Rolf G. Beutel aDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152; bCenter for Biodiversity Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152; cCenter for Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research, Arthropoda Department, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany; dBavarian State Collection of Zoology, Bavarian Natural History Collections, 81247 Munich, Germany; eCenter for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany; fAustralian National Insect Collection, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; gDepartment of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Institute for Biology I (Zoology), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; hInstitute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany; iDepartment of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Wien, Wien 1030, Austria; jChina National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; kDepartment of Integrative Biology, Oregon State
    [Show full text]
  • First Descriptions of Larva and Pupa of Bagous Claudicans Boheman
    insects Article First Descriptions of Larva and Pupa of Bagous claudicans Boheman, 1845 (Curculionidae, Bagoinae) and Systematic Position of the Species Based on Molecular and Morphological Data Rafał Gosik 1, Miłosz A. Mazur 2,* and Natalia Sawka-G ˛adek 3 1 Department of Zoology, Maria Curie–Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20–033 Lublin, Poland; [email protected] 2 Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Oleska 22; 45–052 Opole, Poland 3 Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences; Sławkowska 17, 31–016 Kraków, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 29 April 2019; Accepted: 5 June 2019; Published: 10 June 2019 Abstract: In this paper, the mature larva and pupa of Bagous claudicans are described and illustrated for the first time. Measurements of younger larval instars are also given. The biology of the species is discussed in association with larval morphology and feeding habits. Overall larval and pupal morphological characters of the genus Bagous are presented. Confirmation of the larva identification as Bagous claudicans species was conducted by cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequencing. DNA barcoding was useful for specimen identification of larval stages. The systematic position of the species within the Bagous collignensis-group, based on morphological and molecular results, is also discussed. Keywords: Weevils; Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Bagoini; Bagous; taxonomy; morphology; larva; pupa; biology; COI; DNA barcoding 1. Introduction The globally distributed (except for Central and South America) weevil genus Bagous Germar, 1817 includes about 300 valid species, of which approximately 130 occur in the Palaearctic region, 82 in the Western Palaearctic, and 31 in Central Europe [1–7].
    [Show full text]