DOCSLIB.ORG

Islam in the Early Modern World Economy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Islam in the Early Modern World Economy Islam in the Early Modern World Economy HSTAFM 162 Class 7.2 (2/16/16) H A of Islam Spreads 08–14 21/5/04 9:57 AM Page 54 H A of Islam Spreads 08–14 21/5/04 9:57 AM Page 55 H A of Islam Spreads 08–14 21/5/04 9:57 AM Page 55 HISTORICAL ATLAS OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD TRADE ROUTES c. 700–1500 TRADE ROUTES c. 700–1500 30° 15° 0° 15° LAPP REINDEER30° 45° 6060° 75° 90° 105° 120° 135° 150° 165° HERDERS Trade Routes and Empires Iceland - c. 1500 (Denmark) K R I A N R E I N D E E R H E R D R Y S I B E E R S Empires Routes A A 60° D E N 75° 90° 105° 120° 135° 150° 165° W E Portuguese Trading routes M W R S N O Trade Routes and Empires E Spanish Gold trade N 60° D c. 1500 I A N R E I N D E E R H E R RUSSIAS I B E R D E R S Empires Routes State society Silk road S I B I R T A T A R S Portuguese SCOTLAND Trading routes Other Spanish Gold trade TATARS ENGLAND POLAND- State society Silk road KAZAN HOLY LITHUANIAS I B I R T A T A R S Other E U R A ROMAN S I A N S T E P AINU HUNTER- ATLANTIC OCEAN N O G P E A N D EMPIRE A I D E S E R N I S T N O S GATHERERS A M A D S M O N G O L HUNGARY K H A S T R R K FRANCE Venice S A Astrakhan I R A T G 45 T A H ° T U S T K Z I Z K A L M Y U B Pisa O E U R A R E S I A N S R K AINU HUNTER- Marseille Rome T T E P P K S T Edirne E A N D D K A I VENICE O E S E R T O Tashkent GATHERERS S M Constantinople N O M M Chiwa O L S PAPAL A A D S A M O N G SPAIN Amalfi N N STATES Bursa E M S BukharaBukha K P I R Samarkand Kashgar Azores PORTUGAL I R E Denia G Ardabil Schar-i-SabzSc (Port.) Cordoba U H Tabriz S Merv KOREA N T Y K Algiers Tunis Z IzmirI Z Konya Lajazzo K A L M Almeria U Palermo Nishapurhapur B E Balkh A R Kairouan K S P ALGIERS K Mahdia Samarra A O Crete TashkentCyprus Damghanghan M U G H A J Tlemcen M Chiwa L Fez TUNISA Damascus Herat E MING N Baghdad SAFAVIDAVID M TIBET Meknes TripoliS Bukhara CHINESE TRIPOLI Samarkand JerusalemKashgar EMPIREP IRE Lahore P Marrakech Basra I I 30° Schar-i-Sabz S R KOREA EMPIRE MOROCCO Merv Cairo A L N A E hapur R A Delhi A BalkhSiwa M Canary Is. Sijilmasa A P (Spain) B IC A ghan M U G H A A RAJPUTANA J L N N Ghat Herat E MINGD AVID M MedinaTIBETO H Tropic of Cancer Kubra M MuscatMuscat IN C A M Lahore P A CHINESEDU Taiwan E L N P IRE Kambaya ST BURMESE O M I I D OMAN ATES A S R S EMPIRE BENGAL KINGDOMS PACIFIC OCEAN D L Mecca S E A Delhi GHARRAARRA Thana LAOS M Suakin FUNJ IC Goa ORISSA Timbuktu MAHRAAHRA PEGU A A RAJPUTANA (Portugal) N Cape Verde Is. N Sanaa NGH D Soba N 15° (Port.) O A HADRAMAUTMAUT A A SENEGAL S I KANEM- H Y Muscat IN YEMEN A M Cacheu Abeche DU VIJAYANAGARATaiwan MOSSI BORNU S BURMESE H (Portugal) OMAN DARFURKambaya TATES Aden Philippine MALI STATES HAUSA WADAI BENGAL KINGDOMS PACIFICT OCEAN Islands Zaila T STATES ARRA Thana LAOS CAMBODIA Kulum Mali U AKAN ADAL Y OYO AHRA Goa ETHIOPIAORISSA SAYLAN A (Portugal) PEGU A N Colombo Ceylon Benin N (Portugal) MAUT A A Galla Y ACEH BENIN M Elmina A (Portugal) VIJAYANAGARA Fernando Póo H Malacca DROMO Philippine (Portugal) (Port.) T Islands Mogadishu T MALACCA Borneo 0° CAMBODIA Kulum Mali U Lamu Y SAYLAN A INDIAN OCEAN Sumatra M A ColomboMombasa L LUBA Ceylon AYA New Guinea (Portugal)(Portugal) N IS LAMIC S CONGO LUNDA Zanzibar ACEH N STATE ISLAMIC Malacca Java CITY-STATES (Portugal) Timor MALACCA Borneo (Port.) AUSTRALIAN INDIAN OCEAN Sumatra M Madagascaragascar A ABORIGINAL 15° L HUNTER-GATHERERS AYA New Guinea N I SLAMIC N STATES 54 Java 55 Timor (Port.) AUSTRALIAN agascar ABORIGINAL HUNTER-GATHERERS 55 1492 • The year 1492 was marked by two interconnected events of great significance—the voyage of Columbus to the New World, and the finale of the Reconquista with the fall of Granada. • Early exploration of the New World was fundamentally tied to the experience of the Reconquista—Cortés for instance described Aztec temples as mezquitas (Arabic masğid “mosque” and their priests as alfaquí (Arabic faqīh, religious judge). Image from a dispersed Mughal album, painted by Manṣūr ca. 1612, one of several known turkeys from the reign of Jahangir. Victoria & Albert Museum, IM.135-1921 Fragment of Piri Reis’s World-Map of 1513, depicting the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean, and the coastline of South America H A of Islam Spreads 08–14 21/5/04 9:57 AM Page 54 H A of Islam Spreads 08–14 21/5/04 9:57 AM Page 55 H A of Islam Spreads 08–14 21/5/04 9:57 AM Page 55 HISTORICAL ATLAS OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD TRADE ROUTES c. 700–1500 TRADE ROUTES c. 700–1500 30° 15° 0° 15° LAPP REINDEER30° 45° 6060° 75° 90° 105° 120° 135° 150° 165° HERDERS Trade Routes and Empires Iceland - c. 1500 (Denmark) K R I A N R E I N D E E R H E R D R Y S I B E E R S Empires Routes A A 60° D E N 75° 90° 105° 120° 135° 150° 165° W E Portuguese Trading routes M W R S N O Trade Routes and Empires E Spanish Gold trade N 60° D c. 1500 I A N R E I N D E E R H E R RUSSIAS I B E R D E R S Empires Routes State society Silk road S I B I R T A T A R S Portuguese SCOTLAND Trading routes Other Spanish Gold trade TATARS ENGLAND POLAND- State society Silk road KAZAN HOLY LITHUANIAS I B I R T A T A R S Other E U R A ROMAN S I A N S T E P AINU HUNTER- ATLANTIC OCEAN N O G P E A N D EMPIRE A I D E S E R N I S T N O S GATHERERS A M A D S M O N G O L HUNGARY K H A S T R R K FRANCE Venice S A Astrakhan I R A T G 45 T A H ° T U S T K Z I Z K A L M Y U B Pisa O E U R A R E S I A N S R K AINU HUNTER- Marseille Rome T T E P P K S T Edirne E A N D D K A I VENICE O E S E R T O Tashkent GATHERERS S M Constantinople N O M M Chiwa O L S PAPAL A A D S A M O N G SPAIN Amalfi N N STATES Bursa E M S BukharaBukha K P I R Samarkand Kashgar Azores PORTUGAL I R E Denia G Ardabil Schar-i-SabzSc (Port.) Cordoba U H Tabriz S Merv KOREA N T Y K Algiers Tunis Z IzmirI Z Konya Lajazzo K A L M Almeria U Palermo Nishapurhapur B E Balkh A R Kairouan K S P ALGIERS K Mahdia Samarra A O Crete TashkentCyprus Damghanghan M U G H A J Tlemcen M Chiwa L Fez TUNISA Damascus Herat E MING N Baghdad SAFAVIDAVID M TIBET Meknes TripoliS Bukhara CHINESE TRIPOLI Samarkand JerusalemKashgar EMPIREP IRE Lahore P Marrakech Basra I I 30° Schar-i-Sabz S R KOREA EMPIRE MOROCCO Merv Cairo A L N A E hapur R A Delhi A BalkhSiwa M Canary Is. Sijilmasa A P (Spain) B IC A ghan M U G H A A RAJPUTANA J L N N Ghat Herat E MINGD AVID M MedinaTIBETO H Tropic of Cancer Kubra M MuscatMuscat IN C A M Lahore P A CHINESEDU Taiwan E L N P IRE Kambaya ST BURMESE O M I I D OMAN ATES A S R S EMPIRE BENGAL KINGDOMS PACIFIC OCEAN D L Mecca S E A Delhi GHARRAARRA Thana LAOS M Suakin FUNJ IC Goa ORISSA Timbuktu MAHRAAHRA PEGU A A RAJPUTANA (Portugal) N Cape Verde Is. N Sanaa NGH D Soba N 15° (Port.) O A HADRAMAUTMAUT A A SENEGAL S I KANEM- H Y Muscat IN YEMEN A M Cacheu Abeche DU VIJAYANAGARATaiwan MOSSI BORNU S BURMESE H (Portugal) OMAN DARFURKambaya TATES Aden Philippine MALI STATES HAUSA WADAI BENGAL KINGDOMS PACIFICT OCEAN Islands Zaila T STATES ARRA Thana LAOS CAMBODIA Kulum Mali U AKAN ADAL Y OYO AHRA Goa ETHIOPIAORISSA SAYLAN A (Portugal) PEGU A N Colombo Ceylon Benin N (Portugal) MAUT A A Galla Y ACEH BENIN M Elmina A (Portugal) VIJAYANAGARA Fernando Póo H Malacca DROMO Philippine (Portugal) (Port.) T Islands Mogadishu T MALACCA Borneo 0° CAMBODIA Kulum Mali U Lamu Y SAYLAN A INDIAN OCEAN Sumatra M A ColomboMombasa L LUBA Ceylon AYA New Guinea (Portugal)(Portugal) N IS LAMIC S CONGO LUNDA Zanzibar ACEH N STATE ISLAMIC Malacca Java CITY-STATES (Portugal) Timor MALACCA Borneo (Port.) AUSTRALIAN INDIAN OCEAN Sumatra M Madagascaragascar A ABORIGINAL 15° L HUNTER-GATHERERS AYA New Guinea N I SLAMIC N STATES 54 Java 55 Timor (Port.) AUSTRALIAN agascar ABORIGINAL HUNTER-GATHERERS 55 “And it is said that they are providing the Sultan with everything he needs to know about how to prepare a fleet to send to the Red Sea, and that because of them he is now very knowledgeable about the Kingdom of Portugal and the capabilities of its king to such an extent that the Sultan is now preparing an even larger force than he previously intended.” —Portuguese report concerning the activities of Venetian merchants in Egypt, ca.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 'Ā'isha, MOTHER of the FAITHFUL the Prototype of Muslim Women
    Naw Lily Kadoe & Fatimah Husein Ulama, State, and Politics in Myanmar Al-Jāmi‘ah: Journal of Islamic Studies - ISSN: 0126-012X (p); 2356-0912 (e) Vol. 53, no. 1 (2015), pp. 159-179, doi: 10.14421/ajis.2015.531.159-179 ‘Ā’ISHA, MOTHER OF THE FAITHFUL The Prototype of Muslim Women Ulama Fatih Harpci Carthage College Kenosha, Wisconsin, USA email: [email protected] Abstract Having a unique intelligence and assertiveness, ‘Ā’isha has been regarded Islam’s ideal woman scholar. She was not only as one of the earliest reporters of the authentic sayings of the Prophet Muḥammad, but also a great source for conveying his private family life. The article seeks to show that ‘Ā’isha’s life in the 7th century Arabia is especially remarkable when examined through the lenses of contemporary times. Her main characteristic was her critical, ever-inquisitive, and curious mind. Through the questions she was able to ask, ‘Ā’isha became a bridge between the time of the Prophet and the contemporary Muslim life. The important role she played in the scholarly efforts of Muslim men and women in learning and teaching knowledge needs to be examined and properly emphasized. Her sound scholarship in Islamic disciplines include but was not necessarily be limited to hadith, tafsīr, fiqh, literature, and poetry. Today Muslim women may take ‘Ā’isha not only as a pious example, but follow her intelligence, curiosity, and reasoning. [Dengan kecerdasan dan kepercayaan diri yang khas, Ā’isha terkenal sebagai seorang ulama perempuan yang ideal. Tidak hanya dikenal sebagai perawi hadis, dia juga merupakan rujukan yang hebat mengenai masalah-masalah pribadi dan keluarga.
    [Show full text]
  • Excavation Coins and a Byzantine Weight From
    !STANBUL ARA"TIRMALARI YILLI$I, 2 2013 EXCAVATION COINS AND ABYZANTINE WEIGHT FROM KÜÇÜKÇEKMECE LAKE BASIN O$UZ TEK!N* During the excavation seasons of 2010#12 at coin was of Arcadius, a bronze coin (AE3) with a Küçükçekmece Lake Basin (10 km west of !stanbul), reverse type of Victory crowning Emperor (cat. sixty coins (cat. nos. 1#65) and a Byzantine weight no. 1). (cat. no. 66) were found.1 Most of the coins date to Byzantine coins form the largest group (thirty the Byzantine and Ottoman periods; only ten coins two coins), among the coins found during the exca- date to the pre-Byzantine period, more specifically vations. Twelve of them could only be partly the Roman Imperial Period (mostly Late Roman, identified due to their corroded condition, resulting 4th#5th centuries).2 Six coins were joined together in them being largely illegible. Byzantine coins and very corroded; it was impossible to make a range from Heraclius (610#641) to Anonymous clear identification of them, as no cleaning process Folles (10th#11th centuries). There are two coins of has been carried out upon them. The only identifiable Crusader States; one of the Latin Rulers of Table 1: General distribution of the coins Late Byzantine Crusader Roman States Ottoman Uncertain TOTAL 10 31 2 19 (+1) 2 65 Table 2: Distribution of Byzantine coins Heraclius (610#641) 3 Constans II (641#668) 2 Constantine IV (668#685) 1 Justinian II (685#695) 1 6th#7th centuries 8 Leo III (717#741) 1 Leo IV (775#780) 1 Michael II (820#829) 1 Leo VI (886#912) 1 Constantine VII (913#959) 1 Anonymous Folles (10th#12th centuries) 8 10th#12th centuries 3 TOTAL 31 * Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Path(S) of Remembrance: Memory, Pilgrimage, and Transmission in a Transatlantic Sufi Community”
    “Path(s) of Remembrance: Memory, Pilgrimage, and Transmission in a Transatlantic Sufi Community” By Jaison Carter A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Mariane Ferme, Chair Professor Charles Hirschkind Professor Stefania Pandolfo Professor Ula Y. Taylor Spring 2018 Abstract “Path(s) of Remembrance: Memory, Pilgrimage, and Transmission in a Transatlantic Sufi Community” by Jaison Carter Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology University of California, Berkeley Professor Mariane Ferme, Chair The Mustafawiyya Tariqa is a regional spiritual network that exists for the purpose of assisting Muslim practitioners in heightening their level of devotion and knowledges through Sufism. Though it was founded in 1966 in Senegal, it has since expanded to other locations in West and North Africa, Europe, and North America. In 1994, protegé of the Tariqa’s founder and its most charismatic figure, Shaykh Arona Rashid Faye al-Faqir, relocated from West Africa to the United States to found a satellite community in Moncks Corner, South Carolina. This location, named Masjidul Muhajjirun wal Ansar, serves as a refuge for traveling learners and place of worship in which a community of mostly African-descended Muslims engage in a tradition of remembrance through which techniques of spiritual care and healing are activated. This dissertation analyzes the physical and spiritual trajectories of African-descended Muslims through an ethnographic study of their healing practices, migrations, and exchanges in South Carolina and in Senegal. By attending to manner in which the Mustafawiyya engage in various kinds of embodied religious devotions, forms of indebtedness, and networks within which diasporic solidarities emerge, this project explores the dispensations and transmissions of knowledge to Sufi practitioners across the Atlantic that play a part in shared notions of Black Muslimness.
    [Show full text]
  • A Translation of a Zosimos' Text in an Arabic Alchemy Book
    Journal rrl' lhc Wilshinglon Academy ol' Scicnccs. Volumc 84. Numhcr 3, Pages 168-178. Septcmhcr 1996 A Translation of a Zosimos' Text in an Arabic Alchemy Book H. S. El Khadem The American University, Department of Chemistry, Washington D.C. 20016 Received February 13, 1996 ABSTRACT In a recent paper (El Khadem 1995). it was reported that an Arabic translation of a Greek text by Zosimos was found in a copy of a book entitled "Keys of Mercy and Secrets of Wisdom," written by the twelveth century alchemist Al-Tughra'i. Reported here is a descrip- tion of this rare book, which has recently been added to the Library of Congress' Near East Section collection. Tughra'i, Author and Translator The copy of "Keys of Mercy and Secrets of Wisdom" under consideration was written in two parts designated, "Part One, Introduction" by Al-Tughra'i", and Part Two, "From Keys of Wisdom by Zosimos" translated to Arabic by Al-Tughra'i. The author and translator's full name is Mu'ayed-ul-Din Abu Ismail Ibn Al-Hassan Ibn Ali Al-Tughra'i. He was born in 1062 A.D. in the city of Asbahan in Persia and was later appointed "Katib" (secretary) in the court of the Seljuq Sultan Malik-Shah and that of his successor, Sultan Muhammad. Because of his skills in calligraphy, he was assigned the duty of affixing the royal signature "Tughra" to the sultan's writs (hence his name, which means the writer of Tughras). After several years, Tughra'i moved to Mosul in Iraq where he was appointed Vizir to Emir Ghiyat-ul-Din Mas'ud.
    [Show full text]
  • Yusuf Book Review
    http://www.bmri.org.uk Book Review Aspects of Historical and Cultural Legacy of Muslim Bengal Historical and Cultural Aspects of the Islamic Inscriptions of Bengal: A Reflective Study of Some New Epigraphic Discoveries, by Mohammad Yusuf Siddiq, Dhaka: The International Centre for Study of Bengal Art, 2009, HB, pp316, Tk.2000/ US $ 45. Professor Dr Mohammad Yusuf Siddiq is a well-known scholar in the field of Islamic History, Culture and Civilization. Having studied and taught at a number of universities in the East as well as the West, he has also undertaken research in the field of Arabic and Persian inscriptions of Bengal. His writings have been received well and they have also been translated into numerous languages. At present he is the H. E. C. Professor of Islamic History, Civilization and Culture at the University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan as well as a visiting faculty member at Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS). The book under review consists of eight chapters and four appendices as well as a bibliography and index. In the “Introduction: Epigraphy of Muslim Bengal”, the author observes that pre-Islamic Sanskrit and Pali inscriptions are generally informative rather than calligraphic in intent. The significance of calligraphy (viz. the art of writing and elegant penmanship) in Islamic culture has been discussed in the book in some detail, with particular focus on the role of inscriptions in Islamic buildings. He disagrees with the earlier scholars that inscriptions of Bengal were mostly rendered in Naskh character. On the contrary, he emphasizes that most of the Sultanate inscriptions are of Thulth character.
    [Show full text]
  • The Qur'an and Islamic
    The Qur’an and Islamic Art Objectives As a result of this lesson, students will be able to: • explain how the Qur’anic prohibition of idolatry affects Islamic art. • define basic terms - Qur’an, tawhid, shirk, idolatry, Arabic, calligraphy, calligram • use the calligram form to express an idea or image for themselves • analyze how the Qur’an and Muslim culture have had impact upon the forms, techniques, and purposes of artistic work; explain the historical, cultural, and social context of representative works of Muslim calligraphy, e.g. a sultan’s seal, a contemporary calligram, a verse of the Qur’an, the name of Allah. (Meets PA Standards for the Arts and Humanities 9.2 A, C, E) Materials Student Handout: Art and the Qur’an Key Questions • What is the Qur’an? • How does it influence Muslim culture? • What does it have to say about images? • How does this affect artists? • How have Muslim artists learned to express themselves while remaining true to their faith? • How has the development of calligraphy affected the decorative arts? Sources Suggested Readings • Annemarie Schimmel. Calligraphy and Islamic Culture • Abdelkebir Khatibi and Mohammed Sijelmassi Hudson. The Splendour of Islamic Calligraphy Websites • There are many images of Islamic calligraphy to be found on-line with a simple Google search. • The Wikipedia entry under Islamic Calligraphy is substantial and contains an animated tughra explaining the writing. Continued on next page 43 Activities 1. Begin by exploring the idea of “image” – how could you describe someone you love if you could not show a picture? 2. Ask what students know about Islam, Muslim culture, the Qur’an.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Money in Wartime
    1 THE ROLE OF MONEY IN WARTIME Second Conference of the Museum of the Bank of Albania Tirana, 20 September 2018 II Conference of the Museum of the Bank of Albania - THE ROLE OF MONEY IN WARTIME 2 Published by: © Bank of Albania Address: Sheshi “Skënderbej”, Nr.1, Tirana, Albania Tel.: + 355 4 2419301/2/3; + 355 4 2419401/2/3 Fax: + 355 4 2419408 E-mail: [email protected] Printed in: 300 copies ISBN 978-9928-262-28-8 Data from this publication may be used, provided the source is acknowledged. The views expressed in the presentations to BoA’s conference on “The role of money in wartime” are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Bank of Albania. THE ROLE OF MONEY IN WARTIME - II Conference of the Museum of the Bank of Albania 3 CONTENTS WELCOME ADDRESS 5 Gent Sejko, Governor of the Bank of Albania OPENING REMARKS 9 Elisabeta Gjoni, First Deputy Governor of the Bank of Albania MINTING OF ILLYRIAN COINS IN WARTIME 13 Special guest: Prof. Olivier Picard, Former Director of the French Archaeological school at Athens, Professor at the Sorbonne University, Member of the Academie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres (Institute of France) SESSION I: ANTIQUITY Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Shpresa Gjongecaj, Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Albanological Studies COINAGE AND WAR IN THE TERRITORY OF SOUTH ILLYRIA (IV-I CENTURY BC) 25 Dr. Albana Meta, Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Albanological Studies COINAGE IN ANCIENT WARRIOR EXCHANGE SYSTEMS BETWEEN GREEKS AND NON-GREEKS 39 Dr. Aliénor Rufin Solas, Sorbonne Université, Paris SESSION II: MIDDLE AGES AND POST-MIDDLE AGES Session Chair: Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East, Volume VI
    THE SACRED BOOKS AND EARLY LITERATURE OF THE EAST WITH HISTORICAL SURVEYS OF THE CHIEF WRITINGS OF EACH NATION Translations, Bibliographies, etc., by the following Leading Orientalists: IN AMERICA: MORRIS JASTROW, LL.D., Professor of Semitic Languages, University of Penn- sylvania; JAMES H. BREASTED, LL.D., Professor of Egyptology, University of Chicago; CHARLES C. TORREY, D.D., Professor of Semitic Languages, Yale University; A. V. W. JACKSON, LL.D., Professor of Indo-Iranian, Columbia Uni- versity; CHARLES R. LANMAN, LL.D., Professor of Sanskrit. Harvard University; REV. CHARLES F. AIKEN, S.T.D., Dean of the Faculty of Theology, Catholic University; FRIEDRICH HIRTH, LL.D., Professor of Chinese, Columbia Uni- versity; REV. WILLIAM E. GRIFFIS, D.D., former Professor at the Imperial University, Tokio. IN EUROPE: E. A. W. BUDGE, F.S.A., Director of Egyptology in the British Museum; SIR GASTON MASPERO, D.C.L., Member of the Royal Institute of France; REV. A. H. SAYCE, LL.D., Professor of Comparative Philology, Oxford University; W. FLINDERS-PETRIE, LL.D., Professor of Egyptology, University College, London; STEPHEN LANGDON, Ph.D., Professor of Assyriology, Oxford University; SIR ERNEST SATOW, LL.D., G.C.M.G. British Minister to Japan; H. OLDENBERG, LL.D., Professor of Sanskrit, Kiel University; T. W. RHYS-DAVIDS, LL.D., Librarian of the Royal Asiatic Society; ARMINIUS VAMBÉRY, LL.D., Professor of Oriental Languages, University of Budapest. IN ASIA: SIR M. COOMARA SWAMY, Legislative Council of Ceylon; ROMESH CHUNDER DUTT, C.I.E., Author of the History of Civilization in Ancient India; DARAB D. P. SANJANA, Educational Society of Bombay; VISCOUNT KENCHO SUYE- MATSU LL.M., Japanese Minister of the Interior; SHEIK FAIZ-ULLAH-BHAI, Head Master of the Schools of Anjuman-i-Islam; RALPH T.
    [Show full text]
  • 67 Original Article the OTTOMAN INFLUENCES on WEST TRIPOLI
    id6772546 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies "EJARS" An International peer-reviewed journal published bi-annually Volume 1, Issue 2, December - 2011: pp: 67 - 88 www. ejars.sohag-univ.edu.eg Original article THE OTTOMAN INFLUENCES ON WEST TRIPOLI THROUGH FOUR INSCRIPTIONS PRESERVED IN ASSARAYA ALHAMRA'A MUSEUM Khairallah, G. Archaeology dept., Faculty of Arts, Tanta University e-mail: [email protected] Received 13/9/2011 Accepted 6/12/2011 Abstract This study deals with the Ottoman Influences on Tripoli in Arts, such as decorations, Antiques, and inscriptions which need more studies. The research tries to show these influences through four inscriptions which are translated and published for the first time. Two of them were written in Turkish language. Many kinds of Ottoman scripts, like Thuluth, Alenstaliq and Tughra'a were used in these inscriptions. The research proved that the Ottomans have interested in religious and military buildings in West Tripoli. The decoration associated with the inscriptions has ottoman features, like Romi decoration, Lily flower, blooming flower, and the Ottoman flags. This research is considered an addition to the previous researches that studied the Ottoman influences on its subsidiaries states. Keywords: Ottoman, Tripoli, Inscriptions, Thuluth, Alenstaliq, Tughra'a, Bab-Elbahr, Artillery 1. Introduction The Ottoman conquest to Tripoli, in presence in Tripoli (of the west) is 958 AH / 1551was only response to the divided into three historical periods, 1st residents of Tripoli call for help, as they the period of the first Ottoman era from called the Ottoman Empire because it was 958-1123 AH /1551-1711 AD.
    [Show full text]
  • Figural Representation in the Arabic Calligraphy Meliha Teparić*
    Epiphany: Vol. 6, No. 2, 2013 ISSN 1840-3719 Figural Representation in the Arabic Calligraphy Meliha Teparić* Abstract A deep analysis of calligraphic works show deep meaning behind each letter. The most important thing when analyzing such calligraphic works is deep symbolism that each letter carries within itself. A combination of calligraphic letters always show a symbolic message. Thus, vision enacted in calligraphic works invites the viewer towards reflection and contemplation. It is hard to determine what is more appealing an image or the text. In reality there is an equal emphasis on the text and form. Both complement each other as there is always harmonious balance between the two poles of diversity, male and female, matter and spirit and exoteric and esoteric. Yet, it is possible to read the image and to understand diverse messages and visual impressions. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to illustrate the scope of Arabic calligraphy by focusing on Arabic letters and their use in presenting various artistic figures. Keywords: Arabic Calligraphy, Calligrams and Symbolism * Corresponding author: Meliha Teparić; Assist. Prof. International University of Sarajevo; e-mail: [email protected] M. Teparic Figural Representation in the Arabic Calligraphy The Origin of the Arabic Calligraphy The Islamic art is not characterized with animal and human figures. However, such artistic expressions have often been included in the miniature paintings, the arts of plastics and in the art of calligraphy. Rare using of the figurative art in Islam was partly due to the prohibition of presenting humans and animals in any kind of painting and sculpture.
    [Show full text]
  • Art in the Muslim World
    Art in the Muslim World Through the materials presented in this lesson, students will explore basic elements of Islamic art, learn about the origin and styles of the specific art of Islamic calligraphy and create their own piece of artistic calligraphy. Lesson Summary Overview In classical Islamic art, forms of art such as calligraphy, architecture, and decorative arts are celebrated. Through the materials presented in this lesson, students will explore basic elements of Islamic art, learn about the origin and styles of the specific art of Islamic calligraphy, and create their own piece of artistic calligraphy. Objectives • Demonstrate an understanding of the basic elements of Islamic art; • Demonstrate an understanding of the history and styles of Islamic calligraphy; • Gather information from a variety of sources, process and record information, and create a piece of art based on this work; • Demonstrate an understanding of religious concepts that Islamic art is grounded in. Grade Level: 5-12 Suggested Time Four 45-minute class periods Media Resources • Islamic Art QuickTime Video Materials For the class: • A chalkboard, whiteboard, or poster paper (for brainstorming activities) • The appropriate writing utensil for your writing surface • Tape (necessary if you are using poster paper so that you can display the students' work) • Ideally, a screen on which to project Web-based video segments or a TV and VCR/DVD player For each student: • Pen or pencil • Calligraphy pens (if available) or markers • Paper (art paper or construction paper)
    [Show full text]
  • (Or Republic) of Poland and the Ottoman Empire (Poland) 2012-27
    International Memory of the World Register Peace treaties (ahdnames) concluded from the mid-15th century to late-18th century between the Kingdom (or Republic) of Poland and the Ottoman Empire (Poland) 2012-27 1.0 Summary (max 200 words) The Turkish section of the Royal Archives of Warsaw includes some 1,500 documents from a period of over 300 years. These documents testify to centuries of direct contacts by neighbours with differing traditions and religions, but also provide substantial source material for research on all types of contacts with the Ottoman Empire. The contents are exceptional for the history and culture of the late Middle Ages and early modernity. The peace treaties (ahdnames) between the two states are an example of mutual tolerance and universal values in international relations. A period of particular importance is the reign of Suleiman I (1st half of the 16th century) and his contemporaries, the last two Polish rulers from the Jagiellon dynasty, Sigismund I and Sigismund II Augustus. These rulers maintained lively contacts. The “eternal peace” they concluded in 1533 was a decisive step toward a modern foreign policy and lasted nearly a hundred years. The letters to the Polish king from Suleiman’s queen Roxelana and her daughter Mihrimah are a rarity of global rank. Also notable are the precise form, appearance and size (some over 4 m long) of the documents issued by the sultan’s chancellery, and the sultan’s decorative, painted seal (tughra). 2.0 Nominator 2.1 Name of nominator (person or organization) Central Archives of Historical Records 2.2 Relationship to the nominated documentary heritage National archival resource, stored in the Central Archives of Historical Records in accordance with applicable law.
    [Show full text]