DOCSLIB.ORG

TAPP - Finds Log – 8 & 17 Adam Park

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
TAPP - Finds Log – 8 & 17 Adam Park MD Survey Report The Adam Park Project Metal Detector Survey Report No.8 8 Adam Park 7th – 17th February 2011 1 MD Survey Report Index Index .......................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 3 The Survey Criteria and Area of Interest ................................................................... 4 The Location and Type of Artefacts .......................................................................... 8 Summary of Artefact Catalogue .............................................................................. 10 The Cartridges ...................................................................................................... 10 Large Calibre Round ............................................................................................ 15 Bullets .................................................................................................................. 16 Charger Units ....................................................................................................... 19 Evidence of Fire Damage..................................................................................... 21 Webbing Buckles ................................................................................................. 22 Buttons ................................................................................................................. 28 Large General Service Button .............................................................................. 29 Other Related Artifacts ............................................................................................ 29 Cambridgeshires Collar Badge ............................................................................ 29 Royal Engineers Cap Badge / Collar Badge ........................................................ 31 Possible Pendants ................................................................................................. 33 Horse pendent ...................................................................................................... 33 The ‘Hippo’ Badge .............................................................................................. 34 Brass Fittings ....................................................................................................... 34 Scallop badge ....................................................................................................... 35 Coins .................................................................................................................... 36 Sake Bowl ............................................................................................................ 37 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 38 Appendix 1 - TAPP - Finds Log – 8 & 17 Adam Park ............................................ 39 Appendix 2 ............................................................................................................... 59 List of Projectiles Found at 8 Adam Park ................................................................ 59 Appendix 3 ............................................................................................................... 64 List of Cartridges found at 8 Adam Park ................................................................. 64 Appendix 4 – Sketch Map of Survey Area .............................................................. 75 Appendix 5 – Distribution of Cartridges by Manufacturer. ..................................... 76 Appendix 8 – Distribution of Bullets (over cartridges) ........................................... 77 Appendix 9 – Distribution of Webbing Items.......................................................... 78 2 MD Survey Report Introduction The metal detector survey at 17 Adam Park took place in November 2010 in which a concentration of artefacts, thought to be from a set of discarded webbing, was unearthed. A second survey at 8 Adam Park along the bordering fence line to No.17 took place between the 6th and 8th December revealed another large quantity of bullets, cartridges and buckles. On the final day of this second survey the team took shelter from a torrential downpour under the front porch of No.8. Whilst waiting for the rain to stop it was noted that water cascaded off the portico roof onto the ground directly in front of the house. In doing so the torrent washed away the topsoil and exposed a number of WW2 items. We resolved to carry out the next survey on this site. The Adam Park Project raised enough sponsorship at the end of 2010 to organise a number of surveys around the estate in February 2011. A metal detector survey team once again returned to 8 Adam Park. The aim of the survey was to recover any artefacts that may be associated with the fighting that took place at Adam Park from the 13th to 15th February 1942 and the use of the estate as a POW camp from March 1942 until the end of the Japanese occupation of Singapore in 1945. Fig 1 – No 8 Adam Park evocatively covered by the anti malarial ‘smog’ may have been the site of the Japanese accommodation for the POW camp. It appears from the research into the history of the fighting at Adam Park that No.8 was used by the 1st Battalion of the Cambridgeshire Regiment as the deployment area for the Battalion HQ Company possibly housing the Signals Platoon. The role of the house during the period of occupation by the POW’s is in dispute. AIF veterans in interviews recall that the property was the location of the Japanese guardhouse. 3 MD Survey Report However house No.7 is also a good candidate for this facility and it was hoped we would obtain some material evidence to help resolve this issue. The objectives of this survey were three fold: 1) Recover as many of the artefacts lying on the surface as possible. 2) To find evidence as to why the artefacts had been deposited in such large numbers in such a small area and had come to the surface. 3) To assess the impact this discovery has on the potential for battlefield and POW archaeology on the rest of the estate. This was the third survey carried out where many of the finds were lying on the ground so time was also used to train the new volunteers in the recovery of surface items. Nine days were originally allocated to the survey at No.17 and it was hoped that the majority of the garden could be covered in that period however the survey team was overwhelmed by the number of artefacts that were unearthed along the top platform and only a 150m2 area was eventually surveyed. The Survey Criteria and Area of Interest Three transects each 2m x 25m wide were set out along the length of the top platform adjacent to the portico. Fig 2 – The Google earth image of the site showing the location of the transects in Area 1. A field walk was organised for Area 2 (T4) in which a number of artefacts were recovered from the surface. The position of these artefacts was recorded by the total station. 4 MD Survey Report A field walk was organised to recover surface artefacts down the slope from the top platform and a number of pertinent items were found in the area which appeared to be the ‘runoff’ from the rain water stretching from the top platform down to the fence line. An initial visual search was undertaken of Area 1 (T1 – 3) – this involved two volunteers moving along the transects, often on hands and knees, locating, marking and bagging surface finds. Then the same individuals followed up the search by logging the details of each item and adding labels. Finally the items were lifted and removed to a safe location. A second visual inspection was then carried out over the same area this time using a trowel to clear away surface debris and a few centimetres of top soil. The recovery process was then repeated. Fig 3 – Some artefacts were clearly visible on the surface once the grass had been pulled away. Here a .303 cartridge, pieces of roof tile and a webbing buckle have been exposed. An initial metal detector sweep of the transects was then carried out using the ‘all ferrous’ setting on the metal detector and a multitude of returns were registered. Therefore a full survey of all ferrous returns was deemed to be inappropriate given the time constraints. A new White’s Prizm Mk 6T metal detector was used as the preferred machine as its operation was familiar to the majority of the team members as many had used a Prizm Mk 2 in previous surveys and the upgraded machine provided more accurate positional readings. It was set to maximum sensitivity but the discrimination function 5 MD Survey Report was set to exclude ferrous materials and smaller non ferrous items (1st three settings muted). The operators had difficulty discerning between non-ferrous and ferrous hits as the artefacts were so densely packed in. Tonal ID was not used as the constant pitch changes across a small area confused the operators. Depth indicator was checked against the first isolated finds but the concentration of hits in amongst the building material meant that the depth readings became superfluous. Large ferrous items lying deeper in the earth tended to return a cluster of ‘non ferrous’ readings or masked the returns from smaller non ferrous material on the surface. This meant that a number of sweeps of the more densely populated areas were undertaken to ensure as many of the artefacts
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Flashless Propellants (1948)
    UNCLASSIFIED AD NUMBER ADA493390 CLASSIFICATION CHANGES TO: UNCLASSIFIED FROM: RESTRICTED LIMITATION CHANGES TO: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Document partially illegible. FROM: Distribution authorized to DoD only; Foreign Government Information; NOV 1948. Other requests shall be referred to British Embassy, 3100 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20008. Document partially illegible. AUTHORITY DSTL ltr dtd 16 Feb 2007; DSTL ltr dtd 16 Feb 2007 THIS PAGE IS UNCLASSIFIED of RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT '’’his document contains technical information cf foreign origin, 'Tu: i itiUi.'ii, so long M it remains classified, is not to be u.s I distlo..cd in any mtnner likely to prcjudb-e th t rights of «•><• mi. intdor to obtain patent protection in respect tliwcof. i' i i -desired to use or dirclose the inforinatjo.i in any 1:1 inner hi. s:> to prejudice the i ights ot the hiiginator then i.lie (>iU.» 01 f; .-.d Intelligence will be notified of such iitond < use or tiisc.o re mid such use or di -closure shall not !>■ eifot tej until a.liu.l I s be n obt,- in-d 1 ; the Que • f sirs! Intel „ are f ■ • ir <C ( in. h he u ■ cf r s ii >.t_it. >.r f r ' . ’ ■ p-r|«'s s I'-' । the Nnti’ r.nl MUitiugr l-T-rrsS v ■■ < ’;r * d to be prejudicial to any proprietary ioa.stai^s t.. it. try exist. Flashless propellants J.N, PRING This document contains technical information of foreign origin. The information, so long os it remains classified, is nut to be.
    [Show full text]
  • Modern Guns and Smokeless Powder
    BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF Henrg W. Sage 1S91 /\:,JM^n? ^I'tClfl ofseo Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030760072 : : MODERN GUNS AND SMOKELESS POWDER. ARTHUR RIGG JAMES GARVIE. LONDON E. & F. N. SPON, 125, STRAND. NEW YORK SPON & CHAMBERLAIN, 12, CORTLANDT STREET. 1892. MODERN GUNS AND SMOKELESS POWDER. PART I. INTRODUCTION. Gunpowder, the oldest of all explosives, has been the subject of many scientific investigations, sup- ported by innumerable experiments ; but Nature guards her secrets well ; and to this day it cannot be said that the cycle of chemical changes brought about by the combustion of gunpowder is thoroughly understood. Its original components vary, but are generally about 75 parts potassium nitrate, 15 parts carbon, and 10 parts sulphur, with other ingredients some- times added. These materials, when simply mixed together, burn with considerable vigour, but cannot rank as an explosive until they have been thoroughly incorporated, so that the different molecules are brought into such close proximity that each finds a neighbour ready and willing to combine on the smallest encouragement. Heat furnishes the necessary stimulus, by pro- 2 MODERN GUNS AND SMOKELESS POWDER. moting chemical activity ; and, when combined with concussion, the molecules are driven closer to- gether, and this intimate association accelerates their combination. The effect of mere concussion is shown to greater advantage when any of the more dangerous ex- plosives, such as iodide of nitrogen, are subjected to experiment.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Breer Andrew 1253669
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ British Industrial Policy Concerning the Heavy Ordnance Industry, 1900–1917 Breer, Andrew Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 25. Sep. 2021 British Industrial Policy Concerning the Heavy Ordnance Industry, 1900–1917 A Thesis Presented in Fulfilment for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Subject of WAR STUDIES By Andrew Breer King’s College, London University of London September 2015 Word Count: 99,865 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • T Cqlislltb Nnbt Tc F1)C Anlqct-Ily Ct R?-Ts (14 ? A-Ttsly's
    T H E O F F IC IA L G A Z E T T E OF TH E N w. p% . - , ' fl f. -.# e q*' .- =#. t .' S+. 'k<7'. - .X ' a kz :' ' ,1/fx . -- ' . j. x't vqy.-y ,; . t$ w<N. kc . Q. ' tx'. l. # '.k' toz '-pou;zswk . fN.x ij xi , x. > . g. v, z.,'e '--s; - . ( u . j. ..P. .) j j .,,.14.-qr j j -., f-. y . - .-))- 'ùr:xïr-;-:p-s.a---.- ,-...- r.-;pirt'L. EAST AFRIOA lk-t .. cn -&u:;-. ' > , -f . u,m.-.: ,:.:E..Ejzï--. < . lk . , s ç .Lqk. , . AND UGANDA . , 'f z' .-. '. t. iC.jgjj .. lj: .j,. y).-!y #!,. z=.,.;n.'.j z., jvr ;j * .j r. vt .n' 1. X 2.. s . y, w1 .t p. ' $-x ,. , , h, .. , ep.;y W ,.t) ). > .: 1;q0' '' ' tj /?,* . : .' . ,.,p-g + ' 4 . .... z y . .>.s u' %. '17.>..$:. .z;qz >: # 4ï . ' . 1 . t 74 o- & kx .,> . -- w a $ y. O x' z 1- M () 03. 4) o j . ..' PROTECTORATES, ?t c qlisl-l tb nnbt tc f1.)- C anlqct-ily ct r?-ts (41? a-1 ttsly.'s CvcttttnisAicnrrs. v()I. lx,- No. 179.) NAIROBI, APRI L 15, 1907. (PRICE 19 CENTS. TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S. EABT ATRICA PROTECTORATE. East Af rica Townsllip Ordinance 1903, Rules uncler . 113 Diseases of Animals Ordinauce 1906, Proclamatiolt uncler. 113 Lim'lt of issue of Sportsrnau's licences, Notice 1-e . 1 13 Cancellation of M r. DolbeyJs tnagisterial powers in Ukamba, Notice 3'e . 114 Permission to use clay, sand and stone by owners ancl oceupiers t)i Orown Lands, N otitte .re .
    [Show full text]
  • Thematic Survey of the Ordnance Yards and Magazine Depots
    THEMATIC SURVEY OF THE ORDNANCE YARDS AND MAGAZINE DEPOTS SUMMARY REPORT THEMATIC LISTING PROGRAMME JEREMY LAKE FINAL DRAFT JANUARY 2003 Not to be cited without acknowledgement to English Heritage Thematic Survey of the Ordnance Yards and Magazine Depots Summary Report page 1.0 INTRODUCTION 5 2.0 A BRIEF BACKGROUND TO THE ORDNANCE YARDS 7 3.0 THE BUILDING TYPES 17 3.1 Store Magazines 17 3.2 Receipt & Issue Magazines 17 3.3 Shoe Rooms 18 3.4 Examining Rooms (Shifting Houses pre 1875) 18 3.5 Proof Houses 18 3.6 Buildings for the Repair of Gunpowder 19 3.7 Original Laboratory Buildings 19 3.8 Early Shell Stores 20 3.9 Fuze and Tube Stores 20 3.10 Empty Case Stores 21 3.11 Early Cartridge and Shell Filling and Packing, and related Buildings 21 3.12 Store for planks, flannel cartridges, Foreman's Office and Printing Press 22 Room 3.13 Storekeeper's Office. Rooms for Storekeeper, Clerk, Messenger and 22 Records 3.14 Pattern & Class Rooms 22 3.15 Smithery 22 3.16 Accommodation block for Messengers, Foremen and Police Sergeants, 22 with Artificers' Shop 3.17 Painters' Shops 22 3.18 Shifting Rooms 23 3.19 Truck Shed 23 3.20 Shell Filling Rooms 23 3.21 QF Shell Filling Rooms 23 3.22 Expense Magazine for Shell Filling Rooms 23 3.23 Unheading Room 24 3.24 Shell Emptying Rooms 24 2 3.25 Boiler House 24 3.26 Detonator Stores 24 3.27 Wet Guncotton Magazines 25 3.28 Dry Guncotton Magazines 25 3.29 Mine and Countermine Stores 25 3.30 Mine Examining Rooms 25 3.31 Filled Shell Stores (after the Admiralty takeover) 26 3.32 Cordite Magazines 26 3.33 Cordite
    [Show full text]
  • 26 Manuals 3338, Anti-Aircraft Ammunition
    ! WX). C o d e N o. RESTRICTED 5430 The information given irythit document is not to be com­ 26/Manuals/3338 municated, either directlyior indirectly, to the Press or to any person not authorize^ to receive it. 4 "Pe0 * •k Anti- cra ft * / By Command o f the Army Council . c ^ WAR OFFICE, 1 5th August, 1949 ________________ - CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 General .... I 1.2A.A. Equipments . I 1-3 The Round of Ammunition . I 1.4 Ammunition Categories 2 2. EXPLOSIVES 2.1 General .... 2 2.2Propellants .... 3 2.3High Explosives . 5 2.4 Miscellaneous Compositions . 9 2.5 Conclusions. 10 3. THE CARTRIDGE 3 -i Cartridge Case 11 3.2 Primer .... 11 3-3 Igniter .... • 13 3 4 Propellant Charge • 14 3-5 Decoppering Charge 14 4. THE PROJECTILE 4.1 General .... • 14 4.2S h e ll........................................ • 15 4-3 Shot ..... 18 5. FUZES, GAINES, TRACERS, ETC. 5 -iGeneral .... • 19 5.2Fuzes ..... 24 5-3 Gaines .... • 36 5 4 Tracers and Igniters • 36 6. DRILL AMMUNITION 6.1 General .... • 37 6.2Cartridges .... • 37 6.3Fuzes ..... ■ 38 7. RECORDS 7 -iAmmunition . 38 7.2 Gun . • 39 8. MARKINGS 8.1 General .... • 4° 8.2Cartridge Case • 40 8.3 Primer .... • 4i 8.4Projectile .... • 4 i 8.5Gaine or Auxiliary Detonator. • 43 8.6 Fuze and Plug • 43 8.7 Tracer and Tracer-Igniter • 44 8.8 Package .... • 44 9. CARE, PRESERVATION AND PREPARATION 9.1Packages .... • 45 9.2Storage .... • 46 9-3 Preparation .... • 47 9 4 Routine Inspections at Gun Positions 52 9-5 Damaged and Defective Ammunition 52 9.6 Salvage ...
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Explosives
    Introduction to Explosives FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Overview Military Explosives – C4 – HMX – PETN – RDX – Semtex Commercial Explosives – ANAL – ANFO – Black Powder – Dynamite – Nitroglycerin – Smokeless Powder – TNT – Urea Nitrate Improvised Explosives* – HMTD – TATP *While many military and commercial explosives can be improvised, HMTD and TATP do not have military or commercial purposes. Introduction to Explosives FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Military Explosives Introduction to Explosives FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY C4: Characteristics, Properties, and Overview American name for the 4th generation of Composition C Explosives, also called Harrisite – Western counterpart to Semtex plastic explosive – Requires a blasting cap for detonation Ingredients: – Approximately 90% RDX; remainder is a plasticizer Appearance: – Smells like motor oil, light brown putty-like substance Uses: – Typically for demolition and metal cutting – Can be specially formed to create targeted explosion – Can be used for underwater operations Sensitivity: – Non-toxic, insensitive to shock, will ignite and burn Introduction to Explosives FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY C4: Analysis and Trends U.S. manufactured so likely to be found in countries where the U.S. has military connections A preferred terrorist explosive Damaged hull – Used in 2000 U.S.S. Cole and 2002 Bali nightclub of U.S.S. Cole in Yemeni port bombings – Recommended in Al-Qaeda’s traditional curriculum of explosives training – Frequently used in IEDs in Iraq Can only be purchased domestically by legitimate buyers through
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of the Parameters of Naval Artillery
    Crawford K.R., Mitiukov N.W. 1 K. R. Crawford, N. W. Mitiukov Identification of the Parameters of Naval Artillery Vědecko vydavatelské centrum «Sociosféra-CZ» Prague 2013 2 Identification of the Parameters of Naval Artillery УДК 517.958.52/59 ББК 22.18 К 78 Crawford K. R., Mitiukov N. W. Identification of the Parame- ters of Naval Artillery. – Prague: Vědecko vydavatelské centrum «So- ciosféra-CZ», 2013. – 212 p. Guiding organization: Gunnery Fire Control Group Reviewers: Dr. William D. O'Neil, Chief Systems Engineer (retired), Captain, U.S. Naval Reserve (retired), Director of Naval Warfare, Department of Defense (USA) Dr. John Brooks, computer engineer (Great Britain) This book deals with the problems of reconstructing ballistic performance, based on eclectic source material. Included are some concrete examples of the identification of the parameters of naval artillery. Also included is a database of naval artillery from the Ironclad Era through World War 2. УДК 517.958.52/59 ББК 22.18 ISBN 978-80-87786-52-9 © K. R. Crawford, N. W. Mitiukov, 2013. © Vědecko vydavatelské centrum «Sociosféra-CZ», 2013. Crawford K.R., Mitiukov N.W. 3 CAVALLI, WAHRENDORFF AND THE MAKING OF KRUPP The decade of the 1860s was a period of technical transition in naval warfare. Wood was giving way to iron for shipbuilding and armor protection. Smooth bore guns were giving way to rifles, both muzzle- and breech-loading. And the leading gun makers were graduating from cast iron to steel barrels. And the firm of W.G. Armstrong in Britain was rapidly rising to prominence in the field.
    [Show full text]
  • A Propellant Is a Low Explosive That Because of Its Regularity of Burning Produces a Large Volume of Gas with the Evolution of Heat
    A propellant is a low explosive that because of its regularity of burning produces a large volume of gas with the evolution of heat. Shown below are some of the standard propellants used by military systems throughout the world. If you know of any more let me know and I will add them to the table. PROPELLANT CONSTITUENTS ALBANITE (DUPONT) 19.5% DINA 20% NC 55% NITROGUANADINE 4% DIBUTYLPHTHALATE 1% CENTRALITE No. 1 + POT SULPHATE + Pb. ASN SOLVENTLESS 36.25% NG 50% NC 5.75% CARBAMITE 8% DIBUTYLPHTHALATE BALLISTITE (USA) SAA 60% NC (13.25% N) 39% NG 1% DIPHENYLAMINE COATED WITH GRAPHITE BALLISTITE A 39.5% NG 60.5% NC BALLISTITE B16 38% NG 60% NC 1.5% POTASSIUM NITRATE .6% GRAPHITE .5% CARBAMITE BENITE (USA) 40% NC 44.3% POTASSIUM NITRATE 6.3% SULPHUR 9.4% CHARCOAL .5% ETHYL CENTRALITE BULLSEYE (USA) SAA 59.6% NC (13.25% N) 40% NG .4% DIPHENYLAMINE COATED WITH GRAPHITE CARBINE BALL POWDER (USA) 89.3% NC (13.2% N) 9% NG .15% SODIUM SULPHATE .65% CALCIUM CARBONATE .9% DIPHENYLAMINE COMPOSITE PROPELLANT 40.7% AMMONIUM PICRATE (USA) 49.8% POTASSIUM NITRATE ROCKET 4.5% ETHYL CELLULOSE 4.5% CHLORINATED WAX .5% CALCIUM STEARATE CORDITE A 25.5% NG 56.5% NC 4.5% CARBAMITE 3.5% MINERAL JELLY CORDITE AN 25.5% NG 56.5% NC 4.5% CARBAMITE .7% POTASSIUM NITRATE 3.5% MINERAL JELLY CORDITE CDT 30% NG 65% NC .5% CARBAMITE 4.5% MINERAL JELLY CORDITE HSC 47% NG 49.5% NC 3.5% CARBAMITE CORDITE MC 30% NG 65% NC 5% "CRACKED" MINERAL JELLY CORDITE MD 30% NG 65% NC 5% MINERAL JELLY CORDITE MK 1 58% NITROGLYCERENE 17% NITROCELLULOSE 5% MINERAL JELLY CORDITE N (ARMY)
    [Show full text]
  • Background Reading on Explosives
    EXPLOSIVES 8/15/05 HISTORY Roger Bacon described the preparation of the first explosive, black gunpowder, in 1249. By 1300, it was known and used throughout Europe. Written descriptions and drawings of guns appeared in documents as early as 1325, but the active period of gunpowder warfare was not initiated until the English used guns in the battle of Cressy in 1346. In 1788, Berthollet, a student of Lavoisier, prepared a chlorate gunpowder but abandoned its use following a disastrous explosion. In 1800, Edward Howard described the preparation and properties of mercury fulminate (the preparation has not changed essentially to this day), but it was not until 1864 that Alfred Nobel adopted it for use in percussion caps. The discovery by Nobel that an explosive wave from the firing of a percussion cap could initiate the explosion of another explosive has been called the most important discovery and invention in the history of the explosive art. The history of modern explosives dates from the discovery of nitrocellulose (more correctly named cellulose nitrate) independently by Schonbein and Bottger in 1845. They soon perceived the military possibilities of their product and cooperated with each other to exploit a form of nitrocellulose called guncotton. Many disastrous explosions followed, both in the preparation and use of the explosive. These produced such unfavorable impressions that the manufacture of guncotton was discontinued in England, France, and Austria for many years. Glyceryl trinitrate, or nitroglycerine as it is commonly called, was first prepared by Sobrero, an Italian physician and chemist in 1846 or early 1847. He noted that the material was a powerful vasodilator - "a trace of nitroglycerine placed upon the tongue -- gives rise to a most violent pulsating headache" - and prescribed it medicinally in the treatment of angina pectoris (a common heart disease), a use that has continued to this day.
    [Show full text]
  • 60137NCJRS.Pdf
    If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. .' ) Instructor Text DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms /I. f l Modular ISxplosives Training Program Introduction to Explosives I :c:: ATF P 4510.1 (12/76) replaces ATF Training 5145-12 To be used in conjunction with modules 1, 2 & 3 of Instructor Guide • INTRODUCT'ION TO EXPLOSIVES ',' 02 c. R. NEWHO USER .. CONTENTS Section Topic Page ONE EXPLOSIONS ............................•............. 3 TYPES OF EXPLOSIONS ......... • . .. 3 Mechanical Explosion Chemical Explosion At0":lic Explosion NATURE OF CHEMICAL EXPLOSIONS 4 Ordinary Combustion Explosion Detonation EFFECTS OF AN EXPLOSION 5 Blast Pressure Effect Fragmentation Effect I ncendiary Thermal Effect TWO EXPLOSIVES .... : . • . .. 15 COMPOSITION AND BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICAL EXPL.OSIVES ............................. 15 Explosive Mixtures Explosive Compounds Classification By Velocity Explosive Work EXPLOSIVE TRAINS ................................... 24 Low Explosive Trains High Explosive Trains A PUBLICATION OF The National Bomb Data CenfeE •. Research Division o A program funded by the Law Enforcement Assistance Administra­ tion of the United States Department of Justice. Dissemination of this document does not constitute U. S. Department of Justice endorsf3- ment or approval of content. Section Topic Page COMMON EXPLOSIVES ................................. 28 • Low Explosives , Primary High Explosives Secondary High Explosive Boosters Secondary High Explosive Main Charges THREE
    [Show full text]
  • Field Artillery Notes No
    10 NUMBER NOT TO BE TAKEN INTO FRONT-LINE TRENCHES Field Artillery Notes No. 7 ARMY WAR COLLEGE AUGUST, 1917 WASHINGTON 41834 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1917 THE GENERAL" SERVICE SCHOOLS LIBRARY CLASS NUMBER HL$ '9 ACCESSION NUMBER -tL'r «/ii bnerah WAR DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON, August 23, 1917. The following pamphlet "Field Artillery Notes No. 7," is published for the information of all concerned. i;300.8 A. G. O.] ; BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAT; : II. L. SCOTT, Major General, Chief of Staff. OFFICIAL: H. p. MCCAIN, The Adjutant General. 3 WAR DEPARTMENT, THE ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE, Washington, June 19,1917. To all officers of the Army: You are advised that this and all subsequent documents of a similar character, which may be furnished to you from this office, are to be regarded as strictly confidential. They are to be kept at all times in your personal possession and are not to be copied nor are any parts of their contents to be communicated, either directly or indirectly, to the press nor to any persons not in the military or naval service of the United States. In Europe these documents are not to be carried into the front-line trenches nor farther to the front than the usual post of the officers to whom issued. Strict compliance with this injunction is enjoined upon every officer into whose hands any of these confidential documents may come. By order of the Secretary of War: H. P. MCCAIN, The Adjutant General. (4) TABLE OF CONTENTS. Ranging on the line of observation 7 Notes on meteorological telegrams to the Artillery 15 Notes for Artillery officers on shoots with aeroplane observa- tion 21 Notes on wireless 22 Notes on cooperation between aircraft and Artillery during recent operations on the second Army front 24 Stokes' trench howitzer 3-inch mark 1 29 Definition of terms used in the registration of zones and in trench warfare by Field Artillery 4.1 Supply of ammunition in the field 42 G.
    [Show full text]