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Flashless Propellants (1948)

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Flashless Propellants (1948) UNCLASSIFIED AD NUMBER ADA493390 CLASSIFICATION CHANGES TO: UNCLASSIFIED FROM: RESTRICTED LIMITATION CHANGES TO: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Document partially illegible. FROM: Distribution authorized to DoD only; Foreign Government Information; NOV 1948. Other requests shall be referred to British Embassy, 3100 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20008. Document partially illegible. AUTHORITY DSTL ltr dtd 16 Feb 2007; DSTL ltr dtd 16 Feb 2007 THIS PAGE IS UNCLASSIFIED of RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT '’’his document contains technical information cf foreign origin, 'Tu: i itiUi.'ii, so long M it remains classified, is not to be u.s I distlo..cd in any mtnner likely to prcjudb-e th t rights of «•><• mi. intdor to obtain patent protection in respect tliwcof. i' i i -desired to use or dirclose the inforinatjo.i in any 1:1 inner hi. s:> to prejudice the i ights ot the hiiginator then i.lie (>iU.» 01 f; .-.d Intelligence will be notified of such iitond < use or tiisc.o re mid such use or di -closure shall not !>■ eifot tej until a.liu.l I s be n obt,- in-d 1 ; the Que • f sirs! Intel „ are f ■ • ir <C ( in. h he u ■ cf r s ii >.t_it. >.r f r ' . ’ ■ p-r|«'s s I'-' । the Nnti’ r.nl MUitiugr l-T-rrsS v ■■ < ’;r * d to be prejudicial to any proprietary ioa.stai^s t.. it. try exist. Flashless propellants J.N, PRING This document contains technical information of foreign origin. The information, so long os it remains classified, is nut to be. u.s d or disclosed in any manner likely to prejudice the rights ot i originator to obtain patent protection in respect. tin i.of. 1 । i-. d-iiird to use or disclose the information in »uy iu.no er Ilk. ly Ml to prejudice the rights of the originator, then tue office of Nuval Intelligence will lie notified of such Intended use or disel0s„re, mid such u<e or d sclosmre .shall not be eff s. «-d until anpruvnl Iras .been ob’ nod by lint (ifiice <4 bav d Iiili’l ig nrO f ori the country of o igli. rl be use of this iiiforu- ion for ft..h; lion purposi.'s widiin the N ti nnil Militiuy LsUc 'Eminent' in nut. c'e.sslderud te be pn-jritdicial to mJ praprietary tuterewf#\ X that may exist.. 20081208308 MONOGRAPH No. 4 OOt JJ»K, Restricted. This publication is issued under Crown Copyright and may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the express permission of the Issuing Officer. Issued by the Chief Scientist, Ministry of Supply, Shell Mex House, Strand, London, W. C. 2. NOVEMBER, 1948 Printed at A.R.E. u. K. Restr^ Ministry of Surply ARMAMENT RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT PERI IANENT RECORD OF RESEARCH ALE DEVELOPMENT No. 4.000(c) Flashless Propellants J. N. Prine M 243/48 J T’— t DISTRSBUTIgN LIST External Nos 1 - 150 Ministry of Supply (T.P.A.3(e)) for distribution (including copies required by T.P.A. 3/T.I.D.), records and stock. 151 - 154 C.S./C.R.D.E. 155 D.V/.R. (d). 155 Secretary, Weapori Development Committee 157 Capt. H.M.S. Excellent 158 Capt. H.M.S. Vernon 159 - 160 C.C.I. 161 C.D.E.C. (Porton) 162 - 16J C.E.A.D. 164 C.I.A. • 165 C.I.N.O. ' ' 166 Commander, Royal Naval College, Greenwich • 167 Co-ordinating Editor, Naval Gunnery Manual, (Book Production Dept.) Portsmouth 168 C.S.R.R.D.E. *• 169 C.S.X.R. 170 D.Arm.P. 171 D.Arm.R.D. (a) 172 D.C.R.D 173 D.G. Am.P. 174 D.G. of A. 175 D.H.I. (141.10) 176 D.N.O. 177 - 178 D.O.F.(Amm.) 179 D.P. & E.O.(Inchterf) 180 ILC.S.F.V. Wing 181 M. C. S. (Shr ivenham) 182 - 184 P. & E.O. (Woolwich) . 135 - 186 Sec. C.B. 187 - 188 Supt. R.N.F.j?. (Caerwent) . 189 Messrs. I.C.I, (Explosives) Ltd., Nobel House • 1 * Internal 190 S.S.A.R. 191 S.S.P.R. 192 S.S.W.R. 193 - 194 S.B.R. 195 - 196 S.1LR 197 S.T.A. 198 Dr. Pring (Author) 199 D.I.O. (R. & P. Officer) 200 Secretariat (Hr. Sutcliffe) 201 Library 202 File Copy 203 - 260 Stock. Further copies of this Record cun be obtained from the Departmental Information Officer, Armament Research Establishment, Fort Halstead, Sevenoaks, Kent. Table of Contents Key to symbols and abbreviations (i) System of nomenclature. .. .. ,, • • (iv) Abstract. .. .. .. •. •. .. • • (vi) Text. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 • • • I. Historical survey of period prior to 1921. • • 1 A Service work. ,, .. .. • • 1 B Reference in published literature on the proposed use cf compounds of high nitrogen content as constituents of pe ope Hants. .. .. • • 5 0 Summary of work in the period prior to 1921. • • 6 II. Development of inherently flashless propellants in the period 1921-1946. .. .. .. • • 7 A. Introductory. .. .. .. • • 7 B. Propellants of calorimetric value about 755 (W.L.) with picrite content of 55 per cent. (R.D.N., R.D.N./A.Q., N, N.F.Q. etc.)............................. • • 9 (1) Early trials .. .. ,. .. • • 9 Trials in:- (2) Land Service and anti-aircraft guns... • • 11 a) Q.F. 3-inch 20 cwt. .. .. • • 11 bj Q.F. 3.7-inch Mks. I - III. .. • • 11 c) Q.F. 3.7-inch Mk. VI........................... • • 13 d) Q.F. A.5-inch Mk. II A.A. Gun. .. • • 14 c) Q.F. 6 Pdr. 6 cwt. .. .. • • 14 f j Q.F. 12 Pdr. 12 cwt. .. 15 g) Q.F. 5.25-inch Mk. II. .. .. • • 15 h) B.L. 6-inch Mk. VII* and XXIV .. • • 15 i) B.L. 6-inch Mk. XII............................. • • 15 j B.L. 7.2-inch How. ., ,. • • 15 k) B.L. 8-inch How. .. ,. • • 15 1) B.L. 9.2-inch How. .. ,. • • 15 (3) Tank and anti-tank guns. .. .. • • 16 (a.) Q.F. 6 pdr. 7 cwt. .. .. • • 16 (b ) Q.F. 17 Pdr. .. .. • • 16 (c) Q.F, 95 mn. Tank How. .. • • 16 (4) Naval Service guns. .. .. .. • • 16 (a) Q.F. 12 Pdr. 12 cwt........................... • • 16 ft) Q.F. 3-inch 20 cwt. .. .. • • 17 (c ) Q.F. 6 Pdr. 6 cwt. (N.S.) .. • • 17 (dj Q.F. K-inch Mks. IV, V, XII, XIX and XXII 17 (e , Q.F. 4-inch Mk. XVI and submarine guns. 18 (fj Q.F. 4.5-inch Mk. HI....................... • • 20 is) Q.F. 4.7-inch Mk. XI......................... • • 22 (h) Q.F. 4.7-inch Mks. IX and XII... 22 II B. (4) contd.) Q.F. 4. 7-inch ilk. VIII. .. .. ,. .. 23 (<L Q.F. 5.25~inch Ilk. I. .. .. .. 23 k> B.L. 6-inch Mk. VII, lik. XII and Ilk. XVII... .. 24 (11 B.L. 6-inch rlk. XXIII, .. .. .. 25 fm, B.L. 8-inch I,Ik. VIII. ................................. • • 25 11. B.L. 14-inch lik. VII. .. .. .. • • 25 <0, B.L. 16-inch Kk. II. • .. .. .. 26 0. Propellants of calorimetric value from 700 to feo (W.L.).................................’..................................... • • 26 D. Compositions of cal nhetrip value from 750 to 820 (W.L.) with picrite contents of 40 and 65 per cent. • • 27 E. Compositions with alternative cooling agents- .. • • 28 F. Compositions of calorimetric value of about 880 (W.L. ). Cordites H.P. , NQ. , t , ,, • ■ 28 — Trials in:- (a) Q.F. 2 Pdr, ilks. IX and X. .. .. • • 30 lb) Q.F. 2 Pdr. ilk. II. .. .. .. .. • • 30 ’ (c) Q.F. 2 Pdr. ilk. VIII. ................................. • • 30 (d) Q.F. 6 Pdr. 6 cwt. .. .. .. .. • • 30 (e) Q.F. 6 Pdr. 7 cwt. .. .. ,, ,, • • 30 (f) Q.F. 17 Pdr. Lik. I. .. .. .. .; • • 31 (g) Q.F. 6 Pdr. 10 cwt. .. .. .. .. • • 31 (h) Q.F. 40 mm. Bofors Ilk. I. .. .. ., 32 Q.F. 40 ata. class "S" Gun. .. .. ,. • • 32 (j) Q.F. 2.5 Pdr...................................................................... • •> 32 (k) B.L. 4.5-inch How. .. .. .. ,, a 33 (1) B.L. 5-5-inch Ilk. Ill Gun-How. .. .. • « 33 . fm) B.L. 6-inch 26 cwt. How, .. ,. ,. • • 3k n) B.L. 6-inch lik. XXIII- .. .. .. • • 34 (0) B.L. 6-inch ilk. VTII. .. .. 35 G. Cordites of higher calorimetric value (H.N.) .. • 9 36 H. Review of position with flashless propellants in 1942-3............................................................ .. .. • • 37 I. Methods of manufacture . .. ,. ,. • • 39 J. Production of finely-divided picrite. ■ 7 42 - Effect of crystal sisc on ballistics and flashlessness; 43 X. Compound formation between picrite mi carbnnito and its effect on ballistics. .. .. .. .. • • 45 L. Rate of burning experiments. .. .. • • 46 il. .Stabiliser - coolants in replacement of carb unite. • • 47 N. _ Tests for chemical and ballistic stability of. flashless propellants. .. ,. .. .. • • 43 ■ • C. Toxicity of propellant gases. .. .. • • 50 ** • Flashloss propellants other than, nitrogu^nioino type: 52 , (a). Cordites ^.3.IT. .. .. .. .. • « 52 (b) Cordite L ., .. .. • 4 56 (c) Niti^cellulose propellants. .. .. .. • • 56 Safety from accid<ntal ignition. .. .. • • 56 Pago III. Primers and. igniters:- .. .. .. .. .. 58 (a) Land. Service guns. .. .. .. .. 58 (b) Naval Servj.ce guns. .. .. .. .. 60 TV. Smoke with flashless propellants. .. .. 62 V. Flash extinction by external means:- .. .. .. 6.3 (a) Addition of salts to propellant charge. .. 63 (b) Flash-drowning by liquids. .. .. 65 VI. Theories of mechanism of flash suppression. .. .. 60 VII. Photographic investigations in the A.R.D. on the nature of gun flashes. ... - .. .. .. 6? VIII. Measurement of gun flashes. .. .. ,. .. .. /I IX. Laborat ry investigations in the A.R.D. on anti- and pro-flash agents:- .. .. .. .. .. 72 (a) Ignition temperature measurements by the . "Concentric Tube" method. .. .. .. 72 (b) The "Gallery" method of testing the efficiency of anti-flash materials... .. 73 (c) The "Primer" method of testing anti-flash materials. .. .. .. .. ... 74 X.
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