DOCSLIB.ORG

Developing a Molecular Pipeline to Identify Chenopodium Species in New England

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Developing a Molecular Pipeline to Identify Chenopodium Species in New England University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Master's Theses and Capstones Student Scholarship Winter 2017 Developing a molecular pipeline to identify Chenopodium species in New England Erin Neff University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis Recommended Citation Neff, Erin, "Developing a molecular pipeline to identify Chenopodium species in New England" (2017). Master's Theses and Capstones. 1156. https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/1156 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses and Capstones by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DEVELOPING A MOLECULAR PIPELINE TO IDENTIFY CHENOPODIUM SPECIES IN NEW ENGLAND BY ERIN NEFF B.S. Biochemistry, Grove City College, 2015 THESIS Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Integrative and Organismal Biology December, 2017 This thesis has been examined and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Integrative and Organismal Biology by: Thesis Director, Thomas M. Davis, Ph.D., Biological Sciences Janet R. Sullivan, Ph.D., Biological Sciences Cheryl A. Smith, Ph.D., Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems Richard G. Smith, Ph.D., Natural Resources & the Environment On November 27, 2017 Original approval signatures are on file with the University of New Hampshire Graduate School. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ABSTRACT CHAPTER PAGE INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………..……. 1 THE GENUS CHENOPODIUM ………………………...…………….………...........… 1 CHENOPODIUM SPECIES IN NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND ……………………. 2 COMPLICATED TAXONOMY: CHENOPODIUM ALBUM AS A SHORT CASE STUDY …………… …………………………………………………………………... 10 CURRENT STATE OF GENETIC RESOURCES AND GERMPLASM AVAILABILITY FOR THE CHENOPODIUM GENUS ………………………….….. 13 GERMPLASM RESOURCES ………………………………………………………… 14 AIMS OF THIS PROJECT …………………………………………………………...... 15 I. METHODS……………………………………………………………………......... 17 a. DETERMINATION OF COLLECTION SITES ……………………………… 17 b. PLANT COLLECTION PROTOCOL ……………………………….………... 18 iii c. STANDARD COMPARATORS USED IN THIS STUDY ……………............ 19 d. ANALYSIS OF COLLECTED PLANT MATERIAL: DETERMINATION OF PLOIDY VIA FLOW CYTOMETRY …………………………………………. 20 e. SPECIES IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF WITHIN-SPECIES DIVERSITY VIA RAPD PCR ………………………………………………… 23 f. CONFIRMATION OF IDENTITY FOR USDA STANDARDS VIA DNA SEQUENCING ………………………………………………………..….......... 27 i. CHLOROPLAST DNA SEQUENCING ………………………..……... 27 ii. SALT OVERLY-SENSITIVE 1 (SOS1) DNA SEQUENCING ……………………………………………………………………........... 28 g. DEVELOPMENT OF DIPLOID MODEL CHENOPOD FOR FUTURE GENETIC STUDY VIA CROSSES ………………………………...….……… 32 II. RESULTS ………………………………………………………………………….. 36 a. PLANT COLLECTIONS ……………………………………………………… 36 b. FLOW CYTOMETRY ………………………………………………………… 38 c. RAPD PCR ……………………………………………………………..……… 42 d. CONFIRMATION OF USDA REFERENCE STANDARDS VIA DNA SEQUENCING ………………………………………………………….……... 45 i. CHLOROPLAST DNA SEQUENCING AND ALIGNMENT ….......... 45 ii. SOS1 DNA SEQUENCING AND ALIGNMENT …………………….. 47 e. DIPLOID SPECIES CROSSES ...……………………………………………… 49 III. DISCUSSION ……………………………………………………………………… 52 a. TAXONOMY ………………………………………………………………….. 52 iv b. DISCUSSION OF USEFULNESS OF MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION TESTS i. FLOW CYTOMETRY ………………………………………………… 54 ii. RAPD PCR …………………………………………………….............. 55 iii. DNA SEQUENCING ………………………………………………….. 56 1. CPDNA SEQUENCING …………………………………...….. 57 2. SOS1 DNA SEQUENCING …………………………………… 58 c. CHENOPODIUM BERLANDIERI VAR. MACROCALYCIUM …................. 59 d. CHENOPODIUM BERLANDIERI VAR. BUSHIANUM ……………………. 60 e. CHENOPODIUM BERLANDIERI VAR. ZSCHACKEI ………...….……….. 61 f. CHENOPODIUM STRICTUM ………………………………………………... 62 g. CHENOPODIUM ALBUM ……………………………………....…………… 62 h. CHENOPODIUM FICIFOLIUM ……………………………………..……….. 63 i. CHENOPODIUM STANDLEYANUM ……………………………..………… 64 j. CHENOPODIUM FOGGII ....…………………………………...…….............. 64 k. DIPLOID HYBRID ASSESSMENT ……………………………….….............. 66 IV. CONCLUSIONS ………………………………………………………….……….. 67 V. LIST OF REFERENCES …………………………………………………………... 68 VI. APPENDICIES a. APPENDIX 1: PREPARATION OF DE LAAT’S BUFFER FOR FLOW CYTOMETRY …………………………………………………………………. 74 b. APPENDIX 2: PREPARATION OF PROPIDIUM IODINE STAIN FOR FLOW CYTOMETRY …………………………………………………………………. 75 v c. APPENDIX 3: QUANTIFICATION OF DNA USING A QUBIT FLUORMETER ………………………………………………………………... 76 d. APPENDIX 4: PREPARATION OF 2% ELECTROPHORESIS GEL FOR RAPD PCR …………………………………………………………………….. 77 e. APPENDIX 5: PREPARATION OF 1X TBE BUFFER FOR ELECTROPHORESIS GEL ……………………………………………..…….. 78 f. APPENDIX 6: CHLOROPLAST REFERENCE SEQUENCE DATA USED IN THIS STUDY …………………………………...………………………….….. 79 g. APPENDIX 7: CHLOROPLAST PHYLOGENETIC TREE GENERATED FOR THIS STUDY ………………………………………………………………..… 80 h. APPENDIX 8: COLLECTION SITES, 2016 – 2017.……………….….…........ 81 i. APPENDIX 9: SOS1 INTRON 16 REFERENCE SEQUENCE DATA ……………………………………………………………………..…………..... 85 j. APPENDIX 10: SOS1 INTRON 16 PHYLOGENETIC TREE GENERATED FOR THIS STUDY ………………………………………………….………… 86 k. APPENDIX 11: COLLECTION DATA, SUMMER 2016 AND 2017………... 87 l. APPENDIX 12: FLOW CYTOMETRY DATA, SUMMER 2016 AND 2017 ……………………………………………………………………………….….. 89 m. APPENDIX 13: CHLOROPLAST DNA SEQUENCE IDENTITY MATRIX ………………………………………………………………………………....... 93 n. APPENDIX 14: SOS1 INTRON 16 SEQUENCE IDENTITY MATRIX …………………………………………………………………………….......… 94 vi DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my best friend and husband, Joseph Neff, whose patient support and kind encouragement has made the completion of this research and the writing of this thesis possible. vii LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1: CHENOPOD SPECIES IN THE NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND REGION ……… 3 TABLE 2: PUBLISHED 1C VALUES FOR NNE CHENOPODS AND QUINOA ………….. 14 TABLE 3: USDA COMPARATORS USED IN THIS STUDY ………………………………. 20 TABLE 4: RAPD PRIMERS USED IN THIS STUDY ……………………………………….. 26 TABLE 5: COLLECTION CODES FOR SPECIMENS SUBMITTED TO UNH HODGDON HERBARIUM AND USDA NORTH CENTRAL REGIONAL PLANT INTRODUCTION STATION ……………………………………………………………………………………… 37 TABLE 6: SPECIES SEQUENCED USING TRNL-F CHLOROPLAST PRIMERS ………... 46 TABLE 7: SPECIES SEQUENCED USING SOS1 INTRON 16 PRIMERS ………………… 49 TABLE 8: DIPLOID HYBRIDS OBTAINED FROM CROSSES …………………………… 52 viii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1: CHENOPODIUM PHYLOGENETIC TREE FROM WALSH ET AL. (2015) …… 6 FIGURE 2: CHROMOSOME COUNTS OF CHENOPODIUM SPECIES FROM MANDAK ET AL. (2012) ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 9 FIGURE 3A: EMASCULATION OF C. FICIFOLIUM INFLORESCENCES …………...….. 34 FIGURE 3B: COVERED C. FICIFOLIUM INFLORESCENCES FOLLOWING POLLINATION ………………………………………………………………………………... 34 FIGURE 4A: CO-CHOP FLOW CYTOMETRY OUTPUT FROM C. FICIFOLIUM ……….. 39 FIGURE 4B: SINGLE-CHOP FLOW CYTOMETRY OUTPUT FROM REFERENCE STANDARD …………………………………………………………………………………… 39 FIGURE 4C: SINGLE-CHOP FLOW CYTOMETRY OUTPUT FROM C. FICIFOLIUM ..... 39 FIGURE 5: CALCULATED 1C FLOW CYTOMETRY VALUES OF CHENOPODS AND USDA STANDARDS ………………………………………………………………………….. 41 FIGURE 6: RAPD PCR OUTPUT FOR IDENTIFYING C. BERLANDIERI SPECIMENS TO THE SUBSPECIES-LEVEL …………………………………………………………………... 43 FIGURE 7: RAPD PCR OUTPUT FOR ASSESSING WITHIN-SPECIES DIVERSITY OF C. BERLANDIERI VAR. MACROCALYCIUM SPECIMENS ………………………………… 44 FIGURE 8: RAPD PCR OUTPUT COMPARING C. STANDLEYANUM AND C. FOGGII …………………………………………………………………………………………………... 44 FIGURE 9: CHOOSING DIPLOID PARENTS VIA RAPD PCR ………………………...….. 45 ix FIGURES 10 – 12: ASSESSMENT OF DIPLOID HYBRIDS VIA PCR WITH FTL PRIMERS ………………………………………………………………………………………………50 – 51 x ABSTRACT DEVELOPING A MOLECULAR PIPELINE TO IDENTIFY CHENOPODIUM SPECIES (AMARANTHACEAE) IN NEW ENGLAND By Erin Neff University of New Hampshire, December, 2017 Weedy species from the genus Chenopodium may provide useful genetic resources for improving quinoa (C. quinoa), a highly nutritious and economically-important crop. Before this can be accomplished, the weedy species in the Northern New England (NNE) region must be enumerated, characterized, and represented in germplasm collections and herbaria. In this study, Chenopodium germplasm was collected from the NNE region and identified via a pipeline consisting of morphological identification, flow cytometric C-value determination, gel-visualization of RAPD and gene-specific PCR products, and comparative DNA sequencing. The collected specimens were compared to plants obtained from the USDA National Plant Germplasm System. In total, five different species, including the rare C. foggii, were collected and examined, and three of the nine studied USDA comparator accessions were found to be incorrectly identified. Representative specimens were submitted to the Hodgdon Herbarium at the University of New Hampshire and the USDA National Plant Germplasm System. As a step toward developing germplasm needed for constructing a linkage map as a genomic resource for Chenopodium, crosses were performed between genetically distinct representatives of a wild diploid species, C. ficifolium, and four confirmed F1 hybrids were obtained. xi xii INTRODUCTION THE GENUS CHENOPODIUM The number of plant species belonging to the genus Chenopodium (Amaranthaceae) has been reported to be between 100 and 150 (Cole
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Caryophyllales 2018 Instituto De Biología, UNAM September 17-23
    Caryophyllales 2018 Instituto de Biología, UNAM September 17-23 LOCAL ORGANIZERS Hilda Flores-Olvera, Salvador Arias and Helga Ochoterena, IBUNAM ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Walter G. Berendsohn and Sabine von Mering, BGBM, Berlin, Germany Patricia Hernández-Ledesma, INECOL-Unidad Pátzcuaro, México Gilberto Ocampo, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, México Ivonne Sánchez del Pino, CICY, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Thomas Borsch, BGBM, Germany Fernando O. Zuloaga, Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, Argentina Victor Sánchez Cordero, IBUNAM, México Cornelia Klak, Bolus Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa Hossein Akhani, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Moscow State University, Russia Michael J. Moore, Oberlin College, USA Compilation: Helga Ochoterena / Graphic Design: Julio C. Montero, Diana Martínez GENERAL PROGRAM . 4 MONDAY Monday’s Program . 7 Monday’s Abstracts . 9 TUESDAY Tuesday ‘s Program . 16 Tuesday’s Abstracts . 19 WEDNESDAY Wednesday’s Program . 32 Wednesday’s Abstracs . 35 POSTERS Posters’ Abstracts . 47 WORKSHOPS Workshop 1 . 61 Workshop 2 . 62 PARTICIPANTS . 63 GENERAL INFORMATION . 66 4 Caryophyllales 2018 Caryophyllales General program Monday 17 Tuesday 18 Wednesday 19 Thursday 20 Friday 21 Saturday 22 Sunday 23 Workshop 1 Workshop 2 9:00-10:00 Key note talks Walter G. Michael J. Moore, Berendsohn, Sabine Ya Yang, Diego F. Registration
    [Show full text]
  • State of New York City's Plants 2018
    STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotanical Study on Wild Edible Plants Used by Three Trans-Boundary Ethnic Groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu’Er, Southwest China
    Ethnobotanical study on wild edible plants used by three trans-boundary ethnic groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu’er, Southwest China Yilin Cao Agriculture Service Center, Zhengdong Township, Pu'er City, Yunnan China ren li ( [email protected] ) Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0810-0359 Shishun Zhou Shoutheast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Liang Song Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Intergrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ruichang Quan Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Huabin Hu CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Keywords: wild edible plants, trans-boundary ethnic groups, traditional knowledge, conservation and sustainable use, Jiangcheng County Posted Date: September 29th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-40805/v2 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published on October 27th, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00420-1. Page 1/35 Abstract Background: Dai, Hani, and Yao people, in the trans-boundary region between China, Laos, and Vietnam, have gathered plentiful traditional knowledge about wild edible plants during their long history of understanding and using natural resources. The ecologically rich environment and the multi-ethnic integration provide a valuable foundation and driving force for high biodiversity and cultural diversity in this region.
    [Show full text]
  • Contents Illustrations LETTERS of TRANSMITTAL
    STATE OF MICHIGAN MICHIGAN GEOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SURVEY Contents Publication 31. Biological Series 6. Letters of Transmittal. .....................................................1 MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS ON THE Prefatory Note by Cecil Billington..................................2 BOTANY OF MICHIGAN Bibliography of Charles Keene Dodge ..........................3 By Observations on the Flowering Plants, Ferns, and C. K. DODGE Fern Allies on and near the shore of Lake Huron from Linwood Park near Bay City, Bay County, to PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF Mackinaw City, Cheboygan County, including the ALEXANDER G. RUTHVEN vicinity of St. Ignace, Mackinac and Bois Blanc CHIEF NATURALIST Islands, Mackinac County, Michigan, by C. K. Dodge. 4 PUBLISHED AS A PART OF THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Observations on the Flowering Plants, Ferns and BOARD OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR 1920 Fern Allies growing wild in Schoolcraft County and LANSING, MICHIGAN Vicinity in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in 1915, WYNKOOP HALLENBECK CRAWFORD CO., STATE PRINTERS by C. K. Dodge ...............................................................33 1921 Observations on the Wild Plants at Whitefish Point and Vermilion, near the South Shore of Lake Superior, and other parts of Chippewa County, Michigan, in 1914, by C. K. Dodge. ..............................56 Observations on the Flowering Plants, Ferns and Fern Allies growing without Cultivation in Tuscola County, Michigan, by C. K. Dodge. ..............................76 Illustrations Portrait of Charles Keene Dodge .............................................1
    [Show full text]
  • BID Africa 2017 – Small Grant Template Final Narrative Report
    <BID project id> <Start and end date of the reporting period> BID Africa 2017 – Small Grant Template Final narrative report Instructions Fill the template below with relevant information. please indicate the reason of the delay and expected date of completion. Use the information included in your project Full proposal (reproduced in annex III of your BID contract) as a baseline from which to complete this template The information provided below must correspond to the financial information that appears in the financial report Sources of verification are for example direct links to relevant digital documents, news/newsletters, brochures, copies of agreements with data holding institutions, workshop related documents, pictures, etc. Please provide access to all mentioned sources of verification by either providing direct link or sending a copy of the documents. This report must first be sent as a Word document to [email protected] and be pre-approved by GBIFS Once this report is pre-approved in writing by GBIFS, it must be signed by the BID project coordinator and sent by post to: The Global Biodiversity Information Facility Secretariat (GBIFS) Universitetsparken 15 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark Template 1. Table of Contents 1. Table of Contents ...................................................................................................... 1 2. Project Information..................................................................................................... 3 3. Overview of results ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antimycobacterial Activity and HPLC–DAD Screening of Phenolics from Chenopodium Ambrosioides L
    b r a z i l i a n j o u r n a l o f m i c r o b i o l o g y 4 9 (2 0 1 8) 296–302 ht tp://www.bjmicrobiol.com.br/ Food Microbiology In vitro antimicrobial and antimycobacterial activity and HPLC–DAD screening of phenolics from Chenopodium ambrosioides L. a,∗ a a a Roberta S. Jesus , Mariana Piana , Robson B. Freitas , Thiele F. Brum , a a a a Camilla F.S. Alves , Bianca V. Belke , Natália Jank Mossmann , Ritiel C. Cruz , b c c c Roberto C.V. Santos , Tanise V. Dalmolin , Bianca V. Bianchini , Marli M.A. Campos , a,∗ Liliane de Freitas Bauermann a Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Laboratório de Pesquisa Fitoquímica, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil b Centro Universitário Franciscano, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Microbiologia, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil c Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Análise Clínica e Toxicológica, Laboratório de Pesquisa Mycobacteriana, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: The main objective of this study was to demonstrate the antimicrobial potential of the Received 25 January 2016 crude extract and fractions of Chenopodium ambrosioides L., popularly known as Santa- Accepted 11 February 2017 Maria herb, against microorganisms of clinical interest by the microdilution technique, Available online 19 July 2017 and also to show the chromatographic profile of the phenolic compounds in the species. Associate Editor: Luis Henrique The Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of cardiotonic, anthraquinone, alka- Guimarães loids, tannins and flavonoids.
    [Show full text]
  • № 1 2015 End.Indd
    Contents Quinoa as a promising pseudocereal crop for Ukraine S. L. Mosyakin, V. V. Schwartau 3 Breeding and usage of sugar beet cultivars and hybrids resistant to sugar beet nematode Heterodera schachtii L. A. Pylypenko, K. A. Kalatur 12 The importance of agroecology in the process of well-balanced agrosphere formation O. І. Furdуchko, O. S. Demyanуuk 23 Recent data on the causative agent of pale green dwarf (Acholeplasma laidlawii var. granulum incertae sedis) in Ukraine: pathogenicityand virulence factors and host reactions K. S. Korobkova, V. P. Patyka 30 Regulation of nitrogen-carbon interactions in agroecosystems in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine V. A. Velichko, О. V. Demidenko 35 Soil Spatial Heterogeneity and Systems of Agriculture V. V. Medvedev 50 Detection of antibiotics, active against Bacillus subtilis, in grain and feed O. V. Trufanov, А. M. Kotyk, V. A. Trufanova, О. V. Tereshchenko, О. M. Zhukorskiy 60 Transforming growth factor β1, pituitary-specifi c transcriptional factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor I gene polymorphisms in the population of the Poltava clay chicken breed: association with productive traits R. A. Kulibaba, A. V. Tereshchenko 67 Infl uence of humus acids on mobility and biological availability of iron, zinc and copper A. I. Fateev, D. O. Semenov, K. B. Smirnova, A. M. Shemet 73 © The National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Agricultural Science and Practice, 2015 ВІДКРИТО ПЕРЕДПЛАТУ НА 2015 РІК Національна академія аграрних наук України видає науковий журнал «Agricultural science and practice» У журналі «Agricultural science and practice» публікуються результати фундаментальних і прикладних досліджень з питань ґрунтознавства, землеробства, рослинництва, ветерина- рії, тваринництва, кормовиробництва, генетики, селекції та біотехнології, механізації, агроекології, радіології, меліорації, переробки та зберігання сільськогосподарської про- дукції, економіки, інноваційної діяльності.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Botany, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Effects of Dysphania Ambrosioides
    Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences Vol. 02 | Number 02 | September (2020) http://journal.i3l.ac.id/ojs/index.php/IJLS/ REVIEW ARTICLE A Review of Botany, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Effects of Dysphania ambrosioides Lavisiony Gracius Hewis1, Giovanni Batista Christian Daeli1, Kenjiro Tanoto1, Carlos1, Agnes Anania Triavika Sahamastuti1* 1Pharmacy study program, Indonesia International Institute for Life-sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia *corresponding author. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Traditional medicine is widely used worldwide due to its benefits and healthier components that these natural herbs provide. Natural products are substances produced or retrieved from living organisms found in nature and often can exert biological or pharmacological activity, thus making them a potential alternative for synthetic drugs. Natural products, especially plant-derived products, have been known to possess many beneficial effects and are widely used for the treatment of various diseases and conditions. Dysphania ambrosioides is classified as an annual or short-lived perennial herb commonly found in Central and South America with a strong aroma and a hairy characteristic. Major components in this herb are ascaridole, p-cymene, α-terpinene, terpinolene, carvacrol, and trans-isoascaridole. Active compounds isolated from this herb are found to exert various pharmacological effects including schistosomicidal, nematicidal, antimalarial, antileishmanial, cytotoxic, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer, and antibiotic modulatory activity. This review summarizes the phytochemical compounds found in the Dysphania ambrosioides, together with their pharmacological and toxicological effects. Keywords: Dysphania ambrosioides; phytochemicals; pharmacological effect; secondary metabolites; toxicity INTRODUCTION pharmacologically-active compound, morphine, Natural products have been used by a wide was isolated from plants by Serturner spectrum of populations to alleviate and treat (Krishnamurti & Rao, 2016).
    [Show full text]
  • (Amaranthaceae) in Italy. V. Atriplex Tornabenei
    Phytotaxa 145 (1): 54–60 (2013) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.145.1.6 Studies on the genus Atriplex (Amaranthaceae) in Italy. V. Atriplex tornabenei DUILIO IAMONICO1 1 Laboratory of Phytogeography and Applied Geobotany, Department PDTA, Section Environment and Landscape, University of Rome Sapienza, 00196 Roma, Italy. Email: [email protected] Abstract The typification of the name Atriplex tornabenei (a nomen novum pro A. arenaria) is discussed. An illustration by Cupani is designated as the lectotype, while a specimen from FI is designated as the epitype. Chorological and morphological notes in comparison with the related species A. rosea and A. tatarica are also provided. A nomenclatural change (Atriplex tornabenei subsp. pedunculata stat. nov.) is proposed. Key words: Atriplex tornabenei var. pedunculata, epitype, infraspecific variability, lectotype, Mediterranean, nomenclatural change, nomen novum Introduction Atriplex Linnaeus (1753: 1054) is a genus of about 260 species distributed in arid and semiarid regions of Eurasia, America and Australia (Sukhorukov & Danin 2009). Several names (at species, subspecies, variety and form ranks) were described related to the high phenotipic variability of this critical genus (Al-Turki et al. 2000). As conseguence, misapplication of names and nomenclatural disorders exist and need clarification. In this paper, the identity of the A. tornabenei Tineo ex Gussone (1843: 589) is discussed as part of the treatment of the genus Atriplex for the new edition of the Italian Flora (editor, Prof. S. Pignatti) and within the initiative “Italian Loci Classici Census” (Domina et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Bountiful Gardens Heirloom, Untreated, Open-Pollinated Seeds for Sustainable Growing a Project of Ecology Action
    2014 Catalog Bountiful Gardens Heirloom, Untreated, Open-Pollinated Seeds for Sustainable Growing A Project of Ecology Action Bountiful Gardens is a non-profit. Since 1982 we have been educating gardeners about gardening organically and sustainably. All of our seeds are open-pollinated and untreated. New for 2014 VON-4589 Mill Creek Red Onion–115 days. We saw some red Contents onions at the farmer’s market and found About our work 4-7, 78-79 that they were the last of the onions that What the Seed Codes Mean 8 had been bred by local nursery owners Joe and Wanda Turi, who had since Spacing/Area Chart 8 died. We bought the whole box and How To Reach Us 76 took it to Ellen Bartholomew at Golden Rule Garden, who grew our seedstock. SEEDS 9-59 We could not meet the demand for this rare heirloom in 2012 and were unable to offer it last year, but Vegetables 9-32 thanks to Ellen, Jeff Myers, and Jason Menesini, we have been Mixes and Collections 33-35 able to multiply the seed to where we can offer it once again. Mill Compost Crops 36-39 Creek was the name of the Turi’s nursery. This is a Stockton Red Inoculants 63 type, bolt-resistant and very long-keeping. The USDA trials in our area found it to be the only onion they trialed that did equally well Grains and Fibers 40-45 planted either spring or fall. A very special heirloom onion. 100 Oil Crops and Forage Crops 46 seeds GB $2.50 Wild Trees and Shrubs 47-48 VLE-4127 Bronze Goldring Lettuce– Herbs 49-56 spring/fall 60 days.
    [Show full text]
  • Origin and Age of Australian Chenopodiaceae
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 5 (2005) 59–80 www.elsevier.de/ode Origin and age of Australian Chenopodiaceae Gudrun Kadereita,Ã, DietrichGotzek b, Surrey Jacobsc, Helmut Freitagd aInstitut fu¨r Spezielle Botanik und Botanischer Garten, Johannes Gutenberg-Universita¨t Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany bDepartment of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA cRoyal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, Australia dArbeitsgruppe Systematik und Morphologie der Pflanzen, Universita¨t Kassel, D-34109 Kassel, Germany Received 20 May 2004; accepted 31 July 2004 Abstract We studied the age, origins, and possible routes of colonization of the Australian Chenopodiaceae. Using a previously published rbcL phylogeny of the Amaranthaceae–Chenopodiaceae alliance (Kadereit et al. 2003) and new ITS phylogenies of the Camphorosmeae and Salicornieae, we conclude that Australia has been reached in at least nine independent colonization events: four in the Chenopodioideae, two in the Salicornieae, and one each in the Camphorosmeae, Suaedeae, and Salsoleae. Where feasible, we used molecular clock estimates to date the ages of the respective lineages. The two oldest lineages both belong to the Chenopodioideae (Scleroblitum and Chenopodium sect. Orthosporum/Dysphania) and date to 42.2–26.0 and 16.1–9.9 Mya, respectively. Most lineages (Australian Camphorosmeae, the Halosarcia lineage in the Salicornieae, Sarcocornia, Chenopodium subg. Chenopodium/Rhagodia, and Atriplex) arrived in Australia during the late Miocene to Pliocene when aridification and increasing salinity changed the landscape of many parts of the continent. The Australian Camphorosmeae and Salicornieae diversified rapidly after their arrival. The molecular-clock results clearly reject the hypothesis of an autochthonous stock of Chenopodiaceae dating back to Gondwanan times.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Weedy Chenopodium Complex in the North Central States
    UNDERSTANDING THE WEEDY CHENOPODIUM COMPLEX IN THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES BY SUKHVINDER SINGH DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Crop Sciences in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2010 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Patrick J. Tranel, Chair Associate Professor Aaron G. Hager Associate Professor Geoffrey A. Levin Assistant Professor Matthew E. Hudson ABSTRACT The genus Chenopodium consists of several important weed species, including Chenopodium album, C. berlandieri, C. strictum, and C. ficifolium. All of these species share similar vegetative morphology and high phenotypic plasticity, which makes it difficult to correctly identify these species. All of these weedy Chenopodium species have developed resistance to one or more classes of herbicides. An experiment was conducted to determine if there is variability in response of Chenopodium species present in the North Central states to glyphosate. Our results indicate variable responses within and among the Chenopodium species. Species such as C. berlandieri and C. ficifolium had higher levels of tolerance to glyphosate than did various accessions of C. album. In another experiment, 33 populations of Chenopodium sampled across six North Central states were screened with glyphosate. The results showed variable responses to glyphosate within and among the Chenopodium populations. In general, the Chenopodium populations from Iowa were more tolerant, but some biotypes from North Dakota, Indiana and Kansas also had significantly high tolerance to glyphosate. Given there are species other than C. album that have high tolerance to glyphosate, and there are Chenopodium populations across the North Central states that showed tolerance to glyphosate, one intriguing question was to whether the Chenopodium populations were either biotypes of C.
    [Show full text]