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Citrus Limon Citrus limon A survey and an ecological Study of the phytophagous mites and their natural enemies in lemon orchards Citrus limon in Latakia governorate صفاء علي قرحيلي اﻷستاذ الدكتور لؤي أصﻻن الدكتور زياد بربر 2015 1 2 3 4 5 شكر وتقدير 6 اﻹهداء إىل كل من ﻻ يزال مؤمناً بسوريا ويعمل من أجلها 7 اﻹهداء إىل من تعلّمتُ، وما زلتُ أتعلّم، منه حبَّ احلياة والوطن واﻹخﻻص هلما أخي الشهيد الرائد غزوان علي قرحيلي 8 1 3 4 5 6 7 .1 7 Tetranychidae .1.1 8 Panonychus citri (McGregor) .1 .1 .1 9 Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) .2 .1 .1 10 Tenuipalpidae .2 .1 11 Brevipalpus spp. .1 .2 .1 13 Tenuipalpus spp. .2 .2 .1 13 Eriophyidae .3.1 13 Phyllocoptruta oleivora Ashmead .1 .3 .1 13 Aculops pelekassi Keifer .2 .3 .1 14 Aceria sheldoni Ewing .3 .3 .1 14 Tasonemidae Canestrini et Fanzago .4.1 14 Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks 14 .2 9 14 .1 .2 15 .2 .2 15 1 .2 .2 16 2 .2 .2 16 Phytosiidae 18 Anystidae 18 Stigmaeidae 18 3 .2 .2 18 Coleoptera Cocciniellidae 20 (Neouroptera) Conioptrygidae 20 .3 22 23 .1 23 .1.1 24 .2.1 26 .3.1 26 .2 26 .1.2 26 P. citri 1 .1 .2 26 P. citri 2 .1 .2 10 27 3 .1 .2 28 Stethorus gilvifrons .2.2 28 Stethorus gilvifrons 1 .2 .2 29 Panonychus citri 2 .2 .2 Stethorus gilvifrons 3 .2 .2 على أطوار P . citri 29 30 31 .1 31 Tetranychidae .1 .1 32 Eutetranychus orientalis Panonychus citri .1 .1 .1 33 Panonychus citri .2 .1 .1 35 Eutetranychus orientalis .3 .1 .1 .4 .1 .1 36 41 Tenuipalpidae .2 .1 41 Tenuipalpus punicae Pritchard and Baker .1 .2 .1 44 Brevipalpus californicus (Banks) .2 .2 .1 44 Brevipalpus californicus .1 .2 .2 .1 48 Brevipalpus californicus .2 .2 .2 .1 52 .3 .1 52 Phytoseiidae 1 .3 .1 56 .2 .3 .1 56 Stethorus gilvifrons Mulsant .1 .2 .3 .1 58 Conwentzia psociformis (Curtis) .2 .2 .3 .1 11 65 .4 .1 72 .2 72 Panonychus citri .1 .2 72 .1 .1 .2 74 .2 .1 .2 75 .3 .1 .2 Panonychus citri .2 .2 على اﻷطوار المختلفة لـ Stethorus gilvifrons 80 80 Panonychus citri Stethorus gilvifrons .1 .2 .2 81 Panonychus citri Stethorus gilvifrons .2 .2 .2 81 Panonychus Stethorus gilvifrons .3 .2 .2 citri Stethorus gilvifrons .4 .2 .2 على Panonychus citri 82 83 .5 .2 .2 85 86 87 88 99 113 120 Abstract 12 الصفحة 24 1 28 2 B P. citri A D P. citri C 3: ذكر وأنثى P. citri 31 B E.orientalis 32 E. D E. orientalis C 4 orientalis، في حالة تزاوج P .citri و E. orientalis 33 5 2013 2011 ± SE P .citri 34 6 ± SE E. orientalis 35 7 37 8 C B :A T. punicae 42 9 C B :A T. punicae 43 10 D A .B.californicus 11: أنثى بالغة. B: بيوض 44 13 C B :A .B .californicus 45 12 B A :B. californicus 46 D C 13 E B. californicus 48 14 B .californicus SD) 15 ±) في بساتين الدراسة 2011 49 2013 100 Phytoseiidae 52 16 2013 2011 ± SE 54 17 2013 2011 ± SE 54 18 2013 2011 ± SE 55 19 2013 2011 D ، :C ، :B :A .Stethorus gilvifrons: 56 20 ، E: S. gilvifrons 57 21 2013 2011 B :A ،C. psociformis 22: 58 58 C. psociformis 23 14 2013 2011 61 Anystidae 24 بيوض أسد المن B .Chrysoperla carnea: يرقة أسد المن. C: الحشرة الكاملة 61 25 لمفترس التربس ذي الست نقاط Scolothrips sexmaculatus Phytoseiidae 69 26 P. citri 72 27 74 P .citri 28 mx lx 77 29 P.citri 15 Citrus lemon L. 2013 2011 Tenuipalpidae Brevipalpus californicus (Banks, (Tenuipalpus punicae Pritchard and Baker, 1958 ،1904. B. californicus 2012 في 2012 2.52 9.75 74.5 2012 2.44 36.4 14.41 Tetranychidae Panonychus citri (McGregor, 1916) Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein, 1936) 2012 76.3 357.6 29.2 96.0 20.3 98.0 2011، 3.8 5.5 2011 5.4 15.3 141.7 538.3 Phytoseiidae (Euseius stipulatus (Athias-Henriot, 1960، و (Amblyseius andersoni (Chant, 1957 .Iphiseius degenerans (Berlese, 1889) 16 Coccinellidae Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant, 1850) Coniopterygidae Conwentzia psociformis (Curtis, 1834) 2014 2015، Tetranychus urticae Koch Phytoseiidae E. orientalis Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot S Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954) 1957 P. citri . gilvifrons، 30 25 20 15 12.08 16.5 1.66 21.2 S. gilvifrons S. gilvifrons P.citri 886.6 1285.8 1700.8 2666 % 80.63 79.24 17 (Webber, 1967) 50 .)Sulaiman et al., 2014 43562 67 33189 2013 2013 Hemiptera: Homoptera: Aphididae Coccidae Aleyrodidae وHemiptera: Diaspididae Diptera: Tephritidae Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae( Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton ، Talhouk, 1969 1999). 104 Vacante, 2010 Tetranychidae، Tenuipalpidae 18 Jiang et al., 2015 Campos and Omoto, 2002 Pena and Bullock, Abd-Moyano et al., 2009a Argov et al., 2002 1994 Tetranychus Talhouk ،1969 (Auger et al. T. urticae ،cinnabarinus (Boisduval Eotetranychus orientalis (Zacher) 2013 2013 Talhouk, 1969 Eriophyidae Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein Panonchus citri Tetranychus urticae Koch Barbar, 2013, 2014 C. limon Phytophagous mites) 19 1 2 3 4 20 الفصل اﻷول الدراسة املرجعية 21 1 Phylum: Arthropoda Class Arachnida subphylum Chelicera Zhang 2011 Subclass Acari Evans 1992 Tetranychidae Donnadieu 1875 1 1 Tetranychoidea Tetranychidae )Zhang, 2003؛ )Vacante, 2010 .)Vacante, 2010 73 1250 larva أرجل deutonymph protonymph بـ deutochrysalis protochrysalis وteliochrysalis، . McMurtry, 1985 adult 60 Vacante, 2010(. وفي McMurtry, 1977؛ Emmanouel and Papadoulis, 1987؛ Kasap and Sekeroglu, 2004؛ Satar et al., 2013؛ Tsolakis et al., 2013 (McMurtry, 1985) Panonychus citri (McGregor ، 22 (Jeppson et al., 1975( Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein؛ Vacante .), 2010 Panonychus citri .1 .1. 1 P. citri Beattie et Kandeel et al., 1986 Jones and Morse, 1984 Denmark,1964 Zhong et al., 2015 Kasap, 2009 al., 1991؛ Mazih, 2015(، 111 Niu et al., 2011( 400 350 F2 h1 empodium Vacante, 2010 C Saito, 2010؛ Satar et al., 2013 Emmanouel and Papadaoulis, 1987؛ Jamieson et al., 2005؛ EFSA Panel on Plant Health, 2008؛ Xiao and Fadamiro, 2010 )Jeppson et al., 1975؛ Hare, 1988؛ Fadamiro et al., 2009؛ Satar et al., 2013(. Jeppson et al., 1975 23 (Vacante, 2010 Hare et al., 1989 Hare, 1988 Jeppson et al., 1975 P. citri 10 .)Jeppson et al., 1975 Vacante, 2010 26 14 60 26.6 19 30 Jones and Morse, 1984 6.3(، وأظهرت دراسة مخبرية في تركيا، أن الحد اﻷدنى لتطور البيض 9.22 اﻹناث وضعت أعلى معدّل من البيض عند درجة حرارة 25 Kasap, 2009 15 Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) .2 .1 .1 McMurtry, E. orientalis 1985؛ Walter et al., 1995؛Singhm and Raghuraman, 2011 ؛ Kaimal et al., 2013 Vacante, 217 Mazih, 2015 2010؛ González-Zamora et al., 2011 400 d1 وe1 c2 V وd2 وe2 وf2 c1 وd1 وe1 وh1 f1 Vacante, 2010 E. orientalis 24 Vacante, 2010 Walter et al., 1995 Saito, 2010 McMurtry, 1985 Hall and Simms, 2003؛ González-Zamora et al., 2011؛ Kaimal et al., 2013؛ Halawa et al., 2014 E. orientalis، 6 45 27 11 8 12-10 5 ± 60 2 ± 35 Vacante, 2010 Walter et al., 1995 0.09 ± 9.48 75-35 30 18 Imani 6.37 Vacante, 2010 and Shishehbor, 2009 Tenuipalpidae Berlese, 1913 Tetranychoidea Tenuipalpidae Acari Arachnida AL-Gboory, 1987؛ Zhang, 2003؛ Haramoto, )Vacante, 2010 Halawa and Fawzy, 2014 Childers et al., 2003 1966 (Mesa et al., 2009 (phytophagous ، Khanjani et al., 2013a ،Jeppson et al., 1975 )Haramoto, 1966؛ Zhang, 2003( 200 و400 Idiosoma 25 AL-Gboory, (“Metapodosoma” “Propodosoma” 1987؛ Zhang, 2003 ؛ Vacante, 2010(. protochrysalis larva egg deutonymph deutochrysalis protonymph Childers et al., 2003) adult teliochrysalis) و )Haramoto, 1966؛ Childers et al., 2001b ،Jeppson et al., 1975 .)Childers et al., 2013( 24 Mesa et al., 2009 1100 34 Vacante, 2010 AL-Gboory, 1987 Tenuipalpus .)Zhang, 2003( Brevipalpus Brevipalpus Donnadieu 1875 Brevipalpus Hassan et al., 2005 Childers et al., 2003 Childers et al., 2001b Tenuipalpidae AL-( Xu and Zhang, 2013 ،Rodrigues and Childers, 2013 Gboory,1987 B. phoenicis B. obovatus Donnadieu Brevipalpus californicus Banks Geijskes Denmark, 1984؛ Quiros-Gonzalis, 2000 ؛ Hassan et al., 2005؛ Denmark, 2009 AL-Gboory, 1987؛ Rodrigues Childers et al., 2003 26 and Childers, 2013؛ Childers et al., 2013( Childers, 1994؛ Quiros-Gonzalis, 2000 %25 Childers et al., 2003 Vacante, 2010 Citrus Leprosies Virus Childers et al., 2001b Childers, 1994؛ Kitajima et al., 2003؛ Mesa et al., 2009؛ Childers and Rodrigues, 2011 (Campos and Omoto, 2002) Nail Scale Bark Head Rust or Spot Jeppson et al., 1975 )Rodrigues et al., 2000( Rodrigues and Childers, 2013 Brevipalpus )Mamglitz and Cory, 1953؛ Haramoto, 1966؛ Childers et al., 2003( )Kennedy et al., 1996( T. urticae P. citri B. phoenicis B. californicus Childers et al., 2003، 7.0 6.2 8.6 30 21 25 3.8 )Mamglitz and Cory, 1953(. ولم تُسجّل أية 27 فروق معنوية في معدﻻت تطور B. phoenicis B. obovatus B. californicus، .Rhododendron sp 23 و27 B. phoenicis Childers et al., 2003 Tenuipalpus Donnadieu, 1875 Vacante, 2010 Tenuipalpus Khanjani et al, ( 308 AL-Gboory, 1987 Mesa et al., 2009 1875 .)2013b )Al-Atawi, 2011؛ Khanjani et al., 2013a؛ Hysterosoma( Propodosoma( Zhang, 2003 AL-Gboory, 1987 .)Vacante, 2010( Eriophyidae Nalepa 1898 .3 .1 Phyllocoptruta oleivora Ashmead 1879 .1 .3 .1 (Denmark, 1963) Argov et al., 2002 Talhouk, 1969 (Argov et al., 2002 Fadamiro et al., 2009 Beattie et al., 1991 Aculops pelekassi (Keifer, 1959) .2 .3 .1 .(Denmark, 1963 ) Denmark, 1963 28 (Villeneueva et al., 2006) Aceria sheldoni (Ewing, 1937) .3 .3 .1 (Villanueva et al., Talhouk, 1969 2006(، (Daniel et al., 1999) Vecante, 2010 Daniel et al., 1999 Tarsonemidae (Canestrini et Fanzago, 1877) .4 .1 Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks, 1904) P.latus Pena and Bullock, Gerson, 1992 1994 .
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